Title of Invention

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A TUBULAR CONTAINER WITH CLOSURE MEANS

Abstract

( The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a tubular container of plastic material, in which the plastic material is supplied to an injection mould (3) and forms therein a blank (1) including a blank body (15) with a tubular portion (16). The tubular portion is open at its one end (11) and has, in its other end (10), the emptying aperture or mouth (12) of the future container. The tubular portion (16) is displaced through an annular gap (4) under reduction of material thickness and under axial extension. After completed extension, the tubular portion is cut to the desired length. The apparatus for forming the container comprises an injection moulding machine, an injection mould (3), a drawing ring (40) surrounding a mandrel (61) and forming a gap between itself and the mandrel, and drive means for relative displacement of the drawing ring (40) and the mandrel (61) in the longitudinal direction of the mandrel. The container which is formed includes a tubular portion (23) and a portion (19) integral therewith and including an emptying aperture or mouth (12). The material in the tubular portion (23) is of a thickness in the range of between 0.1 and 0.15 mm.

Full Text

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for produc¬ing a tubular container according to the preambles to the respective independent claims. By tubular container it is meant a continuous walled container which has a cross-section taken through the wall of the container being substantially arbitrary e.g. circular, elliptical polygonal, having at least one corner, one flat surface, an inwardly curved surface etc. A round, oval or polysided container form embodi¬ments of the invented container. In the injection moulding of tubular containers of plastic material, the maximum length which can be obtained for the tubular portion of the container is determined by the selected material and the wall thickness of the tubular portion. In addition, the wall thickness may not be less than approx. 0.5 mm irrespective of the plastic material employed in the injection moulding. This relationship is clarified further later in the body of this description. In the injection moulding of containers, the flow length of the sup¬plied molten plastic material and, thereby, the unit formed in the in¬jection moulding process is maximized by the material thickness. In purely practical terms, it has proved that injection moulded products having a wall thickness of less than 0.5 mm cannot be produced in mass production lines, Cf,, for example, the book by Menges/Mohren, "How to Make Injection Molds", 1986, Hanser Publishers (ISBN 0-19-520744-0 Oxford University Press), p. 66. Tubular containers of plastic material have recently been adopted for use as tubes for, for example, toothpaste, handcreams etc. However, for the reasons outlined above it has been necessary to select material thicknesses for the tubular portion to be unnecessarily large or, oth¬erwise it has been necessary to restrict the length of the tubular por¬tion. The present invention relates to a technique in which, as compared with the prior art techniques, the length of the tubular portion of the container is extended by at most approx. 4 times, at the same time as the material thickness in the tubular portion is reduced by at most approx. 4 times. Simultaneously, the material properties of the tubular portion are improved, in particular the mechanical material properties. The material properties of the tubular portion of the container will be modified, implying, among other things, that the material in the walls of the mould portion will be softer and more readily m mouldable than in prior art containers. Emptymg of the contents from such containers will thereby be facilitated. This object is attained by means of the technique as disclosed in the characterizing clauses of the appended independent claims. The present invention realizes a considerable materials saving, with the result that the costs involved in producing such containers are drastically reduced as compared with that which applies to tubular containers produced according the prior art technique. Cost savings of the order of magnitude of 40% have been achieved. Accordingly the present invention provides a method of producing a substantially tubular container of plastic material, in which the container is open at its one end, and is, at its other end, provided with an emptying aperture or mouth, in which the container forms a substantially cylindrical wall between its open end and its other end, in which closure means constitutes a part integral with the other end, and in which, in production of the container, a blank is injected in an injection mould, characterized in that the plastic material is supplied in the molten state to the injection mould and forms therein a blank comprising a blank body with a tubular portion open at its one end and provided at its other end with an aperture constituting the emptying aperture or mouth of the container; that, on supply of the plastic material to the injection mould, there is formed a closure means integral with the other end of the blank body and projecting from the other end of the blank body, said closure means constituting the closure device of the container; that, after forming of the blank, the tubular portion of the blank body is displaced through an annular gap under reduction of the material thickness of the tubular portion; that the size of said reduction is located within the range of between 2.5 and 5.0 times; preferably within the range of between 3.5 and 4.5 times; that, on passage of the gap, there is formed an extended blank body; and that the extended blank body is severed in its end opposed to the emptying aperture or mouth, for the formation of a substantially uniform edge whereby the container body is completed. The present invention also provides an apparatus for producing a substantially tubular container by the method as herein above described, characterized in that the apparatus comprises an injection mould with an injection nozzle, a mould comprising two part cavities, a drawing ring surrounding a mandrel and forming a gap between itself and the mandrel, and drive means for relative displacement of the drawing ring and the mandrel in the longitudinal direction of the mandrel while maintaining the dimensions of the gap existing between the drawing ring and the mandrel. The present invention will now be described in greater detail hereinbelow with particular reference to a number of accompanying drawing figures, in which: Fig. 1 shows a blank obtained by injecion mouldiag; Fig. 2 shows a continer formed by extension of the blank; Fig. 3-6 are cross-sections through an apparatus, the apparatus being illustrated in mutually subsequent production stages of the blank; Figs. 6-9 show an apparatus for forming the blank by extending the tubular portion of the blank in different stages of the forming process; and Figs. 8a,b show parts of the apparatus of the figs. 7-9 for extending the tubular portion of the blank. Fig. 1 shows an axial cross-section through an injection moulded blank 1, comprising a tubular portion 13 and an adjacent portion 19 including an emptying aperture or mouth 12. As a rule, the associated portion ta¬pers towards the mouth 12. The tubular portion and, thereby, the blank, is open at that end 10 which is opposed to the emptying aperture or mouth 12. At its other end 11, i.e. in that end which encompasses the mouth, the tubular portion 13 connects to the tapering portion 19. A closure means 14 included in the blank is shown as placed in a position where, as a rule, it sealingly abuts against material portions of the emptying aperture or mouth 12. The closure means 14 constitutes an in¬tegrated portion of the blank and is, via a hinge-like pivot 18, con¬nected with the remainder of the blank. Fig. 2 shows an axial cross-section through that container 2 which is obtained once the blank illustrated in fig. 8 has been extended, in that the material thickness of.the tubular portion of the blank has been reduced on the extension or prolongation of the tubular portion. The tubular portion of the container, formed by the tubular part 13 of the blank, has been given reference numeral 23. The tapering portion 19 of the blank, together with the closure means 14 pivotally integrated with the tapering portion is not influenced by the forming process. The end 20 which is opposed to the emptying aperture or mouth 12 is still open, while the other end 21 of the tubular portion connects integrally with the tapering portion 19. All parts which are included in the con¬tainer 2 constitute a unit in which the parts merge into one another without any mechanical joints or seams. In other, words, the material in the container forms one single material piece (an integral unit). Figs. 3-6 show a section through an injection mould 3 for forming plas¬tic material to the blank 1. The injection mould 3 comprises a forward portion 30, an intermediate portion 31 and a rear portion 32. The por¬tions of the injection mould together enclose a forming cavity 34. The Figures show the injection mould once the plastic material has been supplied into the forming cavity 34. Figs, 7-8 schematically illustrate longitudinal sections through parts of an apparatus for extending the blank 1 formed in the injection mould 3. Fig. 7 shows that part of the apparatus where the tubular portion 13 of the blank 1 is surrounded by heating means 50 which abut against the outer surface of the tubular portion. A mandrel 51 is generally in¬serted into the blank so as to stabilize the blank during the heating process. In certain embodiments, the mandrel 51 is also provided with means for temperature conditioning of the blank. Fig. 8 shows the blank 1 once the material in its tubular portion 13 has passed through a gap 4 (cf. fig. 8a) for reduction of the material thickness under simultaneous extension of the blank. Figs. 8a and 8b show in detail portions of a drawing ring 40 and a drawing ring mandrel 53 co-operating with the drawing ring when both of these devices are displaced by drive means (not shown in the Figures) to positions in which the gap 4 is formed between the drawing ring and the drawing ring mandrel. Fig. 8a shows the gap 4 without any plastic material being located therein, and fig. 8b shows the wall of the blank 1 on passage through the gap 4 formed by the drawing ring 40 and the drawing ring mandrel 53. In Figs. 8a,b the drawing ring 40 is shown in one embodiment in which it is composed of two part rings 42,43. Each drawing ring is provided with a channel 44,45 for conveying thermal medium. The drawing ring has a guide surface 46 facing towards the drawing ring mandrel 61, against which surface the material in the blank is pressed on passage through the gap 4. The guide surface makes an angle with the surface 60 of the drawing ring mandrel and merges into a drawing ring surface 41 located substantially parallel with the surface of the drawing ring mandrel. The surface 41 constitutes the bounding definition of the gap in that region of the gap where this is narrowest. The drawing ring mandrel is generally provided with channels 63 for thermal medium. Fig. 9 shows the container 2 formed from the blank once a trimming de¬vice 52 has cut away superfluous material at the open end 10 of the ex¬tended blank 1 (the future filling aperture). In Fig. 3, the three parts 30,31,32 from which the injection mould 3 is constructed are united and form the inner cavity 34 of the injection mould, with a form corresponding to the contemplated form or shape of the blank. A channel 33 runs through the forward end 30, and discharges in the inner cavity 34 in the region thereof where the emptying mouth 12 of the contemplated container is formed. The inner forming cavity 34 comprises two mutually interconnected part cavities, the one 34a for forming the blank body and the other 34b for forming the closure means 14 of the blank. An injection mould nozzle 35 is shown in connection with the channel 33. An arm 36 is displaceable by means (not shown) to and from the starting position illustrated in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4, the injection mould is shown with the forward portion 30 separated from the intermediate portion 31 interconnected with the rear portion 32. In this position the mould is open and parts of the blank 1 are exposed. Fig. 5 shows the arm 36 displaced to a position in which the arm presses the closure means 14 against the emptying mouth or aperture 12 of the blank. During displacement from the position which is shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the arm is moved to a position causing the arm when mov¬ing to the position in Fig. 5 to displace closure means 14 in a pivotal motion from the position assumed by the closure means in Fig. 4 to the position assumed by the closure means in Fig. 5. In Fig. 6, the intermediate portion 31 of the injection mould has been displaced from a position in which the intermediate portion abuts against the rear portion 32. The blank 1 has been removed from the male portion 37 which is located within the blank on injection moulding thereof. The arm 36 is moved back to its starting position. Fig. 7 shows the blank 1 placed between one or more heating means 50. In certain practical applications, in particular in large material thickness of the tubular portion 13 of the blank, a mandrel 51 is also inserted into the blank as a rule to constitute a supplementary heat source for the material during the heating cycle. The mandrel is gener¬ally provided with heat-conditioning means, for example channels for a thermal medium. Fig. 8 shows the blank la once a drawing ring 40 has passed the tubular portion of the blank in the axial direction thereof and during reduc¬tion of the material thickness of the tubular portion. The drawing ring is disposed to maintain a surface temperature in its surface 41,46 fac¬ing towards the plastic material which is adjustable to a level within the range of between approx. 50 and 70°C. A mandrel (drawing ring mandrel) 53 is disposed to be at least partly located within the blank 1. The drawing ring mandrel forms a gap 4 to¬gether with the drawing ring 40. The mandrel is disposed to maintain for the surface, facing the drawing ring 40 for forming the gap 4, a temperature which is adjustable at a level within the range of between approx. 50 and 100°C. The gap 4 has a minimum gap width which is less than the material thickness of the injection moulded blank. The gap width is within the order of magnitude of between 0.1 and 0.9 mm, preferably between 0.13 and 0.55 mm, and in special cases between 0.13 and 0.45 mm. After pas¬sage of the gap, the material thickness of the tubular portion of the blank substantially corresponds with the gap width of the gap employed in the reduction of the thickness of the material in the tubular por¬tion of the blank. The size of the extension of the tubular portion and the size of the reduction are adapted to suit properties desired in the finished con¬tainer. The size of the reduction is selected so as to lie within the range of between 2.5 and 5.0 times, preferably within a range of be¬tween 3.5 and 4.5 times. Fig. 9 shows the finished container (cf. Fig. 2) in position in the end station once trimming has taken place of the end region of the axially extended tubular portion of the blank 15a. As a result of this trimming operation, a substantially uniform defining edge will be achieved in respect of the opening or aperture in the end region 20 opposed to the emptying aperture or mouth 12. The container 2 illustrated in Figs. 2 and 9 has a thin-walled tubular portion 23 which has, in its one end 20, an opening whose size (cross-section) corresponds to the inner cross-section of the tubular portion. This facilitates the supply of contents into the container. Closure of the filled container after filling is put into effect simply by means of a welding process, for example two heat punches which heat the mate¬rial to fusion temperature. The thin-walled material rapidly assumes the form or shape which is determined by the form of the dies, as a rule a straight form, and rapidly arrives at the temperature which is necessary for the material to fuse together and form a tight seal. At its other end 21, the container is of a form and construction which wholly correspond with that which it obtains as a blank in connection with the injection moulding. The thin wall of the tubular portion of the container entails that the material is relatively easily deformable and that emptying of the container will thereby be facilitated. Preferred thermoplastic materials in the practical application of the above described technology are polypropylene (PP), polyethylene tere-phthalate (PET), polyolefines (PE) and certain thermoplastic elasto¬mers, for example styrene elastomers (SEBS). It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the technique as disclosed in the fore¬going is generally applicable to all plastic materials which have simi¬lar reformation properties, i.e. materials possessing properties corre¬sponding to those required for a container to be formed in the applica¬tion of the above described technology. It has surprisingly proved that, for certain given materials, for exam¬ple polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyole-fines (PE), it is possible to produce containers whose tubular portion has so-called "dead fold" properties. To achieve such properties, a material thickness is selected for the tubular portion of the container within the range of between 0.1 and 0.15 mm. The term "dead fold" prop¬erties is taken to signify those properties which are known from tubes of aluminium, i.e. that the tube can retain its form after compression. The resilient return action which is known from earlier tubes of plas¬tic material will thereby thus be avoided. "Dead fold" properties are wholly unique properties in thin-walled plastic tubes. This ensures an almost complete emptying of the tube on use, which also prevents oxygen/air from being drawn back into the tube in connection with its being emptied. The above detailed description has referred to but a limited number of embodiments of the present invention, but a person skilled in the art will readily perceive that the present invention encompasses a large number of embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. WE CLAIM: l.A method of producing a substantially tubular container (2) of plastic material, in which the container is open at its one end (20), and is, at its other end (21), provided with an emptying aperture or mouth (12), in which the container forms a substantially cylindrical wall (23) between its open end (20) and its other end (21), in which closure means,(14) constitutes a part integral with the other end, and in which, in production of the container, a blank (1) is injected in an injection mould (3),, characterized in that the plastic material is supplied in the molten state to the injection mould (3) and forms therein a blank (1) comprising a blank body (15) with a tubular portion (16) open at its one end (11) and provided at its other end (10) with an aperture (12) constituting the emptying aperture or mouth (12) of the container; that, on supply of the plastic material to the injection mould, there is formed a closure means (14) integral with the other end (10) of the blank body (15) and projecting from the other end (10) of the blank body, said closure means constituting the closure device of the container; that, after forming of the blank, the tubular portion (16) of the blank body (15) is displaced through an annular gap (4) under reduction of the material thickness of the tubular portion (16); that the size of said reduction is located within the range of between 2.5 and 5.0 times; preferably within the range of between 3.5 and 4.5 times; that, on passage of the gap (4), there is formed an extended blank body (15a); and that the extended blank body is severed in its end (10) opposed to the emptying aperture or mouth (12), for the formation of a substantially uniform edge whereby the container body (25) is completed. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein on removal of the blank (1) from the injection mould (3), a mechanical device (36) displaces the closure means (14) to a position in which all parts of the closure means (14) are located at a distance from the geometric centre axis (17) of the blank at most amounting to the distance between the geometric centre axis (47) of the gap and the surface (41) of the gap located most proximal the centre axis. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein on removal of the blank (1) ' from the injection mould (3), a mechanical device (36) displaces the closure means (14) to a position in which all parts of the closure means (14) are located at a distance from the geometric centre axis (17) of the blank at most amounting to the distance between the geometric centre axis (47) of the gap and the surface (41) of the gap located most distant from the centre axis. 4. The method as claimed in any of claims 1 - 3, wherein at least a part of the material in the tubular portion of the blank is, by abutment against a hot mechanical surface, adjusted to an elevated temperature before the tubular portion (16) of the body of the blank is displaced through the gap (4). 5. The method as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein the gap width of the gap (4) is selected such that, after passage of the gap, the material thickness of the material in the tubular portion of the blank (15) is located in the range between 0.1 and 0.9 mm, preferably between 0.13 and 0.55 mm and, in special cases, in the range of between 0.13 and 0.45 mm. 6. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein on forming of the container (2), the material in the tubular portion (13) of the blank (1) is given reduced thickness adapted to the material in question, and entailing that the material obtains "dead fold" properties. 7. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein on forming of the container (2), the thickness of the material in the tubular portion (13) of the blank (1) is reduced to a value within the range of between 0.1 and 0.15 mm. 8. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the tubular part is substantially circular in shape. 9. An apparatus for producing a substantially tubular container by the method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus comprises an injection mould with an injection nozzle (35), a mould (3) comprising two part cavities (34a,b), a drawing ring (40) surrounding a mandrel (53) and forming a gap (4) between itself and the mandrel, and drive means for relative displacement of the drawing ring (40) and the mandrel (13) in the longitudinal direction of the mandrel while maintaining the dimensions of the gap (4) existing between the drawing ring and the mandrel. 10. the apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the parts (35, 3, 34a, 34b, 40, 53) included in the apparatus form a composite unit. 11. A tubular container (2) of plastic material formed by the method according to any of claim 1 to 8 comprises a tubular portion (23) and a portion (19) integral therewith and having an emptying aperture or mouth (12), characterized in that the material in the tubular portion (23) is of a thickness which is in the range of between 0.1 and 0.15 mm. 12. The container as claimed in claim 11 wherein said tubular portion is substantially circular in shape. 13. A method of producing a substantially tubular container substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 14. An apparatus for producing a substantially tubular container substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Documents:

0186-mas-1996 abstract.pdf

0186-mas-1996 claims.pdf

0186-mas-1996 correspondence others.pdf

0186-mas-1996 correspondence po.pdf

0186-mas-1996 description (complete).pdf

0186-mas-1996 drawings.pdf

0186-mas-1996 form-2.pdf

0186-mas-1996 form-26.pdf

0186-mas-1996 form-4.pdf

0186-mas-1996 form-6.pdf

0186-mas-1996 form-9.pdf

0186-mas-1996 others.pdf

0186-mas-1996 petition.pdf