Title of Invention

REGENERATIVE PROCESS FOR THE DEACIDIFICATION OF A GAS

Abstract

Regenerative process for the deacidification of a gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, comprising the steps of: i) contacting the gas to be treated, in an absorption zone, with an absorbent liquid comprised of an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and an activator of the absorption of CO2 by the said amine, thereby producing a treated gas with reduced CO2 content and an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2, ii) subjecting the loaded absorbent liquid to a regeneration treatment to release CO2 which it has bound, to produce at least one acid gas fraction rich in CO2 and at least one regenerated absorbent liquid, and iii) recycling into the absorption zone the said regenerated absorbent liquid, the said process being characterised in that to overall liquid hydrocarbon content in the gas to be deacidified containing CO2 is greater than 14 litres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres of gas, and in that the activator associated with methyldiethanolamine in the absorbent liquid brought into contact with the gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons consists of at least one compound of formula H2N-CnH2n-NH-CH2-CH2OH in which n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 4.

Full Text

FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [See Section 10 and Rule 13) "Regenerative process for the deacidification of a gas" ELF EXPLORATION PRODUCTION, a French company, of Tour Elf-2 Place de la Coupole, La Defense 6, F-92400 Courbevoie, France. The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. Regenerative process for the deacidification of a gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, using an absorbent liquid based on activated methyldiethanolamine The invention relates to a regenerative process for the deacidif ication of a gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, using an absorbent liquid based on activated methyldiethanolamine. The document WO-A-8911327 describes a regener-ative process for the deacidif ication of a gas containing CO2 and possibly other acid gas compounds such as H2S, using an absorbent liquid based on activated methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) , that is to say an absorbent liquid consisting of an aqueous solution of MDEA and an activator of the absorption of CO2 by MDEA. This process of deacidif ication, that is to say of removing CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds contained in the gas, includes an absorption step, in which the gas to be deacidified is brought into contact with the absorbent liquid, in an absorption zone, in order to produce a treated gas with reduced CO2 content and an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2, and a regeneration step, in which the absorbent liquid loaded with CO2 is subjected to a regeneration treatment, in particular by pressure reduction, in order to release the said CO2, and to produce, on the one hand, at least one acid gas fraction rich in CO2 and, on the other hand, at least one regenerated absorbent liquid, that is to say with reduced CO2 content, which is recycled into the absorption zone. The activator combined with MDEA in the absorbent liquid may be selected from: i) polyalkylenepolyamines, in particular diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentaamine and dipropylenetriamine, ii) alkylenediamines and cycloalkylenediamines, in particular hexamethylenediamine, aminoethylethanol-amine, dimethylaminopropylamine and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, iii) aminoalkyl derivatives of heterocycles such as piperazine, piperidine, furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene, in particular aminoethylpiperazine, aminopropylpiperazine, aminoethylpiperidine, aminopropylpiperidine and furfurylamine, iv) alkoxyalkylamines, in particular methoxy-propylamine and ethoxypropylamine, and v) alkylmonoalkanolamines, in particular ethyl-monoethanolamine and butylmonoethanolamine. As emerges from the information provided by the examples in the cited document, the aforementioned activators, employed in the treatment of removing the CO2 contained in a gas such as methane using an absorbent liquid based on activated MDEA, have substantially equivalent effectiveness with regard to accelerating the absorption of CO2 by MDEA. The gases containing CO2, and in particular the natural gases containing CO2, which are subjected industrially to the deacidification treatment using an absorbent liquid based on activated MDEA, may contain liquid hydrocarbons in varying overall concentration. It is in practice considered that a gas to be treated containing CO2 is substantially free of hydrocarbons if the overall level of these products which it contains is less than a threshold representing 14 litres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres of gas. The applicant company has observed that the presence of liquid hydrocarbons, in an overall amount greater than the abovementioned threshold, in a gas to be deacidified containing CO2 would greatly impair the action of the aforementioned activators on the absorption of the said CO2 by MDEA, and has found that the activators consisting of lower aminoalkylethanolamines such as aminoethylethanolamine would lead, when the gas containing CO2 to be deacidified contains liquid hydrocarbons, to absorption of CO2 by MDEA greater by about 15% to 20% than the absorption obtained under comparable conditions in the presence of the other activators proposed in the cited document W0-A-8911327. The invention therefore relates to a regenerative process for the deacidification of a gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, of the type including an absorption step, in which the gas to be treated is brought into contact, in an absorption zone, with an absorbent liquid based on methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and an accelerator of the absorption of CO2 by the said amine, in order to produce a treated gas with reduced CO2 content and an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2, and a regeneration step, in which the loaded absorbent liquid is subjected to a regeneration treatment in order to release the CO2 which it has bound, and to produce, on the one hand, at least one acid gas fraction rich in CO2 and, on the other hand, at least one regenerated absorbent liquid which is recycled into the absorption zone, the said process being characterized in that the overall liquid hydrocarbon content in the gas to be deacidified containing CO2 is greater than 14 litres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres of gas, and in that the activator combined with methyldiethanolamine in the absorbent liquid brought into contact with the gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons consists of at least one compound of formula H2N-CnH2n-NH-CH2-CH2OH in which n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 4. In particular, the activator combined with MDEA is selected from the compounds of formula H2N-(CH2)p-NH-CH2-CH2OH, in which p is an integer equal to 2, 3 or 4, the said activator consisting quite especially of the aminoethylethanolamine compound of formula H2N-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2OH. The absorbent liquid is advantageously in the form of an aqueous solution of MDEA and the activator. If appropriate, the said aqueous solution may furthermore contain a minor amount of one or more organic solvents of CO2 which are soluble in water, in particular sulpholane, methanol or N-methylpyrrolidone. The concentration of MDEA in the absorbent liquid may be between 1N and 6N, and is preferably from 2.5N to 5N. The amount of activator which is combined with the MDEA in the absorbent liquid can vary quite widely. The said amount is advantageously such that the ratio of the number of moles of activator to the total number of moles of activator and MDEA is between 0.01 and 0.5, and preferably ranges from 0.05 to 0.25. According to the invention, the gas to be treated contains CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, and it may further contain one or more acid gas compounds other than CO2, such as for example H2S. A gas of this type is in particular a natural gas, and the overall level of CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds such as H2S which it contains may range from a few tenths per cent to a few tens per cent by volume. The overall liquid hydrocarbon content in the gas to be treated is greater than 14 litres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres (m3 STP) of gas, it being possible, in particular, for the said content to be up to 10 m3 or more per million m3 (STP) of gas. The volume of gas expressed in "standard cubic metres" represents the volume of gas calculated in cubic metres under standard temperature and pressure conditions, that is to say 0°C and 1 atmosphere. The term liquid hydrocarbons is intended according to the invention to mean all the hydrocarbons present in the gas, which are liquid under the working conditions in which the absorbent liquid is brought into contact with the gas to be treated. The liquid hydro¬carbons may, in particular, be paraffin hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as those which are usually present in the natural gases extracted from deposits. As indicated above, the implementation of the process according to the invention includes an absorption step, in which the gas to be treated and the absorbent liquid are brought into contact, preferably in counter-current, in an absorption zone in order to produce a treated gas containing a reduced level of CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds, the said level corresponding generally to that of the specifications in force for the gas which is treated, and an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds, and a regeneration step, in which the said loaded absorbent liquid is subjected to a regeneration treatment in order to release the CO2 and the other possible acid gas compounds retained by the absorbent liquid and to produce, on the one hand, at least one acid gas fraction rich in CO2 and, on the other hand, at least one regenerated liquid absorbent, which is recycled into the absorption zone. The absorption zone, in which the gas to be deacidified is brought into contact with the absorbent liquid, is preferably equipped with structured or unstructured packing making it possible to provide a large contact area between the absorbent liquid and the gas. However, the absorption zone may also be equipped with other gas/liquid contact elements, in particular gas/liquid contact plates. The regeneration of the absorbent liquid loaded with CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds, in particular H2S, is advantageously carried out by pressure reduction, in one or more steps, of at least some of the said loaded absorbent liquid, which leads to a substantial saving in the energy to be used for this regeneration. According to one embodiment of the regeneration, the pressure of all of the loaded absorbent liquid is reduced, in one or more steps, in order to release the majority of the CO2 present in the said loaded absorbent liquid, then the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid is subjected to a complementary regeneration by steam stripping, by direct or indirect heating of the absorbent liquid, the absorbent liquid resulting from the complementary regeneration being recycled into the absorption zone and, in particular, into the upper part of the said zone. In a variant of this embodiment, only a portion of the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid is subjected to the complementary regeneration by stripping, the absorbent liquid resulting from the said complementary regeneration being, as indicated above, recycled into the upper part of the absorption zone, while the portion of the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid not subjected to the complementary regeneration is recycled into the absorption zone at a point in the latter located below the point where the absorbent liquid regenerated by stripping is recycled. According to another embodiment of the regeneration, a fraction of the loaded absorbent liquid has its pressure reduced in order to release the majority of the CO2 which it contains, while the remaining fraction of the loaded absorbent liquid is subjected directly to regeneration by steam stripping, by direct or indirect heating of the said remaining fraction, the absorbent liquid fraction regenerated by stripping being recycled into the upper part of the absorption zone, while the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid fraction is recycled into the absorption zone below the point where the absorbent liquid regenerated by stripping is recycled. The loaded absorbent liquid leaving the absorption zone may be subjected to preliminary pressure reduction in order to release the non-acid gases such as the hydrocarbons retained by the absorbent liquid, before the regeneration proper is carried out. The absorption and regeneration steps of the process according to the invention, which are outlined above, can be carried out in any device which makes it possible to deacidify a gas using a regeneratable absorbent liquid, and in particular in those of the said devices which make it possible to at least partially regenerate the loaded absorbent liquid by pressure reduction, and possibly to supplement this regeneration with regeneration by stripping. In particular, devices similar to those outlined in the documents US-A-3 622 267 and US-A-4 336 233 are suitable. The absorption zone, in which the gas to be deacidified is brought into contact with the absorbent liquid, may consist in particular of a column provided with structured or unstructured packing, although other types of columns, for example plate columns, may also be used. The working conditions for carrying out the aforementioned absorption and regeneration steps, in particular temperature, pressure, gas flow rate and liquid absorbent flow rate, lie within the specified ranges for gas deacidification processes using absorbent liquids based on MDEA. Thus, the absorption step in which the gas to be treated, which contains CO2, liquid hydrocarbons and possibly one or more acid gas compounds other than CO2, is washed with the absorbent liquid, may be carried out at temperatures of between 10°C and 100°C, and more particularly between 30°C and 60°C, and under absolute pressures of between 1.5 and 120 bar. Advantageously, the pressure in the absorption zone is selected within the aforementioned range in such a way that the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas flowing through the said zone has a value equal to or greater than 3 bar absolute. The regeneration by pressure reduction is also carried out at the temperature of the loaded absorbent liquid whose pressure is to be reduced, the pressures reached after each pressure reduction being less than the pressure of the loaded absorbent liquid drawn from the absorption zone, and decreasing from one pressure reduction to the next when a plurality of successive pressure reductions are carried out. The regeneration by stripping is carried out conventionally by subjecting the absorbent liquid to boiling in a stripping zone maintained upstream at a temperature of between about 80°C and 150°C and under a pressure of less than 5 bar absolute, and most often between 1.3 and 2.5 bar absolute. When the regeneration by pressure reduction, in one or more steps, is followed by complementary regeneration by stripping, the pressure of the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid sent to the regeneration by stripping is selected so as to be close to the pressure upstream of the stripping zone. The invention is illustrated by the following example, given without implying any limitation. EXAMPLE: Reference tests (tests I to VI) and a test according to the invention (test VII) were carried out for the absorption of CO2 contained in a gas which also contains liquid hydrocarbons, using absorbent liquids consisting of aqueous solutions of MDEA and a reference activator (tests I to VI) or MDEA and an activator according to the invention (test VII). The activators used in these tests were as follows: Reference activators: .Test I: diethylenetriamine (DETA) .Test II: hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) .Test III: 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) .Test IV: butylmonoethanolamine (BEA) .Test V: aminoethylpiperidine (AEPD) .Test VI: aminoethylpiperazine (AEPZ) Activator according to the invention: .Test VII: aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) In each test, the gas to be treated was washed using the selected absorbent liquid, the procedure being carried out in a column provided at its head with an outlet for the gases, in its upper part with an inlet for the liquids, in its lower part with an inlet for the gases and at the bottom with an outlet for the liquids, the internal space of the column, contained between the said inlets for the liquids and for the gases, having a diameter of 0.2 metre and being provided, over a height of 3.5 metres, with structured packing of the Mellapak® packing type marketed by the company Sulzer. Through the column inlet for the gases, a gas containing by volume 20% of CO2 and 80% of methane, was injected with a flow rate of 330 m3 (STP)/h, the said gas receiving, where it enters the column, an injection representing 0.33 litre/h of liquid hydrocarbons consisting of a C9 to C13 hydrocarbon cut having a density equal to 0.8. Through the liquid inlet of the said column, the selected absorbent liquid was introduced with a flow rate of 2.3 m3/h, the said absorbent liquid consisting of an aqueous solution containing 3.4 mol/litre of MDEA and 0.6 mol/litre of activator, as well as 60 g/litre of CO2. At the head of the column, a treated gas depleted with respect to CO2 was removed, and at the bottom of the said column an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2 was drawn off. The absolute pressure and the temperature at the head of the column had, in the various tests, values equal respectively to 40 bar and 50°C. The purified gas leaving the column was analysed by gas chromatography to determine its CO, content. The results obtained for the various tests are collated in the following table. TABLE Test Activator CO2 in the purified gas {% by volume) Reference I II III IV V VI DETA HMDA DACH BEA AEPD AEPZ 6.50 6.90 6.95 6.75 6.75 6.50 Invention VII AEEA 3.30 Examining the results shown in the above table shows that, when liquid hydrocarbons are present in the gas to be deacidified, the absorbent liquid based on MDEA and the AEEA activator (aminoethylethanolamine) used according to the invention (test VII) absorbs a larger amount of CO2 (15 to 20% increase), under comparable working conditions, than each of the reference absorbent liquids (tests I to VI) based on MDEA and the reference activator which was used. WE CLAIM: 1 Regenerative process for the deacidification of a gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons, comprising the steps of: i) contacting the gas to be treated, in an absorption zone, with an absorbent liquid comprised of an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and an activator of the absorption of CO2 by the said amine, thereby producing a treated gas with reduced CO2 content and an absorbent liquid loaded with CO2, ii) subjecting the loaded absorbent liquid to a regeneration treatment to release CO2 which it has bound, to produce at least one acid gas fraction rich in CO2 and at least one regenerated absorbent liquid, and iii) recycling into the absorption zone the said regenerated absorbent liquid, the said process being characterised in that to overall liquid hydrocarbon content in the gas to be deacidified containing CO2 is greater than 14 litres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres of gas, and in that the activator associated with methyldiethanolamine in the absorbent liquid brought into contact with the gas containing CO2 and liquid hydrocarbons consists of at least one compound of formula H2N-CnH2n-NH-CH2-CH2OH in which n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 4. 2 Process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator combined with MDEA is selected from the compounds of formula H2N-(CH2)P-NH-CH2-CH2OH, in which p is an integer equal to 2, 3 or 4. 3 Process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the activator consists of the compound aminoethylethanolamine. 4 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aqueous solution of MDEA and the activator, which forms the absorbent liquid, contains a minor amount of one or more organic solvents of CO2 which are soluble in water. 5 Process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the organic solvents consist of sulpholane, methanol and N-methylpyrrolidone. 6 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentration of MDEA in the absorbent liquid is between IN and 6N, and is preferably from 2.5N to 5N. 7 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount of activator which is combined with the MDEA in the absorbent liquid is such that the ratio of the number of moles of activator to the total number of moles of activator and MDEA is between 0.01 and 0.5, and preferably ranges from 0.05 to 0.25. 8 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the gas to be treated also contains one or more acid gas compounds other than CO2, such as for example H2S. 9 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the overall liquid hydrocarbon content in the gas to be treated is between 14 litres and 10 cubic metres of liquid hydrocarbons per million standard cubic metres of gas. 10 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the gas to be treated is brought into contact with the absorbent liquid, in the absorption zone, at temperatures of between 10°C and 100°C, more particularly between 30°C and 60°C, and under absolute pressures of between 1.5 bar and 120 bar. 11 Process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pressure in the absorption zone is selected in such a way that die partial pressure of CO2 in the gas flowing through the said zone is equal to or greater than 3 bar absolute. 12 Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the absorption zone, in which the gas to be deacidified is brought into contact with the absorbent liquid, is provided with structured or unstructured packing. Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the absorbent liquid loaded with CO2 and other possible acid gas compounds, in particular H2S, is regenerated by pressure reduction, in one or more steps, of at least some of the said loaded absorbent liquid. Process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the loaded absorbent liquid is regenerated by subjecting all of the said loaded absorbent liquid to pressure reduction, in one or more steps, in order to release the majority of the CO2 present in the said loaded absorbent liquid, then by subjecting the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid to complementary regeneration by steam stripping, by direct or indirect heating of the absorbent liquid, the absorbent liquid resulting from the complementary regeneration being recycled into the absorption zone. Process as claimed in claim 14, wherein only a portion of the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid is subjected to the complementary regeneration by stripping, the absorbent liquid resulting from the said complementary regeneration being recycled into the upper part of the absorption zone, while the portion of the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid not subjected to the complementary regeneration is recycled into the absorption zone, below the absorbent liquid regenerated by stripping. Process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the loaded absorbent liquid is regenerated by subjecting a fraction of the loaded absorbent liquid to pressure reduction, in one or more steps, in order to release the majority of the CO2 which it contains, while the remaining fraction of the loaded absorbent liquid is subjected directly to regeneration by steam stripping, by direct or indirect heating of the said remaining fraction, the absorbent liquid fraction regenerated by stripping being recycled into the upper part of the absorption zone, while the reduced-pressure absorbent liquid fraction is recycled into the absorption zone below the absorbent liquid regenerated by stripping. Dated this 14th day of December, 1999. [Dr. Ramesh Kumar Mehta] of Remfry & Sagar Attorney for the Applicants

Documents:

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-cancelled pages(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-claims(granted)-(07-07-2004).doc

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-claims(granted)-(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-correspondence(2-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-correspondence(ipo)-(24-5-2007).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 1a(19-12-1999).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 1a(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 2(granted)-(07-07-2004).doc

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 2(granted)-(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 3(14-12-1999).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 3(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 4(24-3-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form 5(14-12-1999).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-form-pct-isa-210(20-4-1999).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-petition under rule 137(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-petition under rule 138(19-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-petition under rule 138(7-7-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-power of authority(13-1-2004).pdf

in-pct-1999-00011-mum-power of authority(7-7-2004).pdf