Title of Invention

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING REPRODUCTION OF ADVERTISEMENTS

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for reproducing advertisement data stored on a receiving side, and a recording medium for recording reproduction procedures are provided. Weighting for priority of reproduction with respect to each of a plurality of pieces of advertisement data (42) stored on the receiving side is executed, a priority order or reproducing of each pieces of advertisement data on a recevier (40) is detertmined based on the weighting, and the stored advertisement data is reproduced in accordance with the priority order in response to an advertisement data reproduction command. ABSTRACT (IN/PCT/2002/013 85/CHE) "WIRELESS RESERVOIR PRODUCTION CONTROL" A reservoir production control system includes a plurality of wells for producing a reservoir linked to a central computer over a downhole communication network and a surface communication network. Both the downhole and the surface communication networks are wireless communications paths for transmitting downhole data and surface data to the central computer. Both networks include a series of interconnected tubing or pipe that allows transmission of data over electrically isolated portions of the pipe and tubing. After integrating and analyzing all relevant data and comparing the data with a reservoir model, the central computer initiates changes in a plurality of downhole control devices associated with the wells, thereby optimizing the production of the reservoir.

Full Text

WIRELESS RESERVOIR PRODUCTION CONTROL CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of the following U.S. Provisional Applications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference: I COMMONLY OWNED AND PREVIOUSLY FILED U.S. PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATIONS T&K# I Serial Number I Tithe Filing Date TH 1599 60/177,999 Steroidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication Jan. 24,2000 and Control TH1500 60/178,000 Ferromagnetic Choke in Wellhead Jan. 24,2000 TH1602 60/178,001 Controllable Gas-Lift Well and Valve Jan. 24,2000 TH1603 60/177,883 Permanent, Downhole, Wireless, Two-Way Telemetry Jan. 24,2000 Backbone Using Redundant Repeater, Spread Spectrum Arrays TH 1668 60/177,998 Petroleum Well Having Downhole Sensors, Jan. 24,2000 Communication, and Power TH 1669 60/177,997 System and Method for Fluid Flow Optimization Jan. 24,2000 TS6185 60/181,322 A Method and Apparatus for the Optimal Feb. 9,2000 Predistortion of an Electromagnetic Signal in a Downhole Communications System TH 1599x 60/186,376 Zooidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication Mar 2,2000 and Control TH 1600x 60/186,380 Ferromagnetic Choke in Wellhead Mar. 2,2000 TH1601 60/186,505 Reservoir Production Control from Intelligent Well Mar. 2, 2000 Data TH 1671 60/186,504 Tracer Injection in a Production Well Mar. 2,2000 TH1672 60/186,379 Oiled Casing Electrical Power Pick-Off Points Mar. 2,2000 TH1673 60/186,394 Controllable Production Well Packer Mar. 2,2000 TH 1674 60/186,382 Use of Downhole High Pressure Gas in a Gas Lift Mar. 2, 2000 Well TH1675 60/186,503 Wireless Smart Well Casing Mar. 2,2000 TH 1677 60/186,527 Method for Downhole Power Management Using Mar. 2, 2000 Energization from Distributed Batteries or Capacitors with Reconflgurable Discharge TH1679 60/186,393 Wireless Downhole Well Interval Inflow and Injection Control Mar. 2,2000 TH 1681 60/186,394 Focused Through-Casing Resistivity Measurement Mar. 2,2000 TH1704 60/186,531 Downhole Rotary Hydraulic Pressure for Valve Actuation Mar. 2,2000 TH 1705 60/186,377 Wireless Downhole Measurement and Control For Optimizing Gas Lift Well and Field Performance Mar. 2,2000 TH 1722 60/186,381 Controlled Downhole Chemical Injection Mar. 2,2000 TH 1723 60/186,378 Wireless Power and Communications Cross-Bar Switch Mar. 2,2000 The current application shares some specification and figures with the following commonly owned and concurrently filed applications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference: COMMONLY OWNED AND CONCURRENTLY FILED U.S PATENT APPLICATIONS T&K# Serial Number Title Filing Date TH 1671US 09/ Tracer Injection in a Production Well TH 1672US 09/ Oil Well Casing Electrical Power Pick-Off Points TH 1673US 09/ Controllable Production Well Packer TH 1674US 09/ Use of Downhole High Pressure Gas in a Gas-Lift Well TH 1675US 09/ Wireless Smart Well Casing TH 1677US 09/ Method for Downhole Power Management Using Energization from Distributed Batteries or Capacitors with Reconfigurable Discharge TH 1679US 09/ Wireless Downhole Well Interval Inflow and Injection Control TH1681US 09/ Focused Through-Casing Resistivity Measurement TH 1704US 09/ Downhole Rotary Hydraulic Pressure for Valve Actuation TH 1705US 09/ Wireless Downhole Measurement and Control For Optimizing Gas Lift Well and Field Performance TH 1722US 09/ Controlled Downhole Chemical Injection TH 1723US 09/ Wireless Power and Communications Cross-Bar Switch The current application shares some specification and figures with the following commonly owned and previously filed applications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. COMMONLY OWNED AND PREVIOUSL\' FILED U.S PATENT APPLICATIONS T&K# Serial Number Title Filing Date TH 1599US 09/ Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication and Control TH 1600US 09/ Induction Cloche for Power Distribution in Piping Structure TH1602US 09/ Controllable Gas-Lift Well and Valve TH1603US 09/ Permanent Downhole, Wireless, Two-Way Telemetry Backbone Using Redundant Repeater TH 1668US 09/ Petroleum Well Having Downhole Sensors, Communication, and Povi/er TH1669US 09/ System and Method for Fluid Flow Optimization TH 1783US 09/ Downhole Motorized Flow Control Valve TS61S5US 09/ A Method and Apparatus for the Optimal Predistortion of an Electro Magnetic Signal in a Downhole Communications System 5 The benefit of 35 U.S.C. § 120 is claimed for all of tile above referenced commonly owned applications. The applications referenced in the tables above aide referred to herein as the "Related Applications." BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to reservoir optimization and more specifically to petroleum wells having downhole independently addressable wireless measurement and control devices that communicate with surface power and telemetry devices such that production from individual zones within individual wells may be coordinated to optimize overall reservoir production. Description of Related Art Oil and gas reservoirs are extensive three-dimensional subsurface geological structures whose fluid contents are produced through arrays of wells which withdraw fluids from the reservoir only at points where the wells pass through the producing zones. As fluids are withdrawn at the wells, pressure differentials develop within the reservoir which in turn create displacement of fluids fron more distant reservoir regions towards the producing wells. To assist in sweeping desired fluids towards the producing wells, it is common practice in some fields to pump water or other fluids into wells which are designated injection wells. To assist in comprehending the changing condition of the reservoir and thus manage production from individual wells to optimize recovery from the field overall, it is common practice to develop a reservoir model which reflects the relevant characteristics of the formation's fixed matrix such as porosity and permeability, and the composition, pressure, and temperature of the fluids contained within that matrix. The parameters of bola the matrix and the fluids are expected to change as fluids are withdrawn from the producing wells and injection fluids are introduced at the injection wells. Since the geological formations of the reservoir are generally heterogeneous, the starting values of the matrix and fluid parameters are spatial variables, and as production evolves the changes in these parameters are also spatially variable in addition to being time dependent. The data used to generate a reservoir model come from many sources. Three-dimensional seismic surveys provide stratigraphy and faulting, and wire line logging, existing well production histories provide, and to a lesser extent seismic surveys, provide data on formation fluids. The starting values of the reservoir model parameters adjacent to each well can be measured relatively easily using wireline logging tools before each well is cased, but once production has commenced the presence of the well casing prevents many of the measurements which can be made in an open hole. Even measurements which could be made through the casing are usually not performed in existing practice since doing so would require either removing the production hardware and tubing from the well and running cased hole wireline logs, or the use of permanent downhole sensors connected to surface equipment by cables which extend the full depth of the well. These cables are expensive, are not entirely reliable, often introduce operational problems, and their installation at the time of completion complicates that process. The same issue of requiring cables to operate downhole control equipment such as valves also discourages the use of such devices. When downhole control devices are absolutely required, the provision of permanently installed cables can be avoided by using slick line tools, but cost prevents these from altering the settings of downhole devices at frequent intervals. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference to the maximum extent allowable by law. To the extent a reference may not be fully incorporated herein, it is incorporated by reference for background purposes and indicative of the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. BRIEF SUMM.AJIY OF THE INVENTION The difficulties inherent with restricted measurement and control are largely resolved by methods in accordance with the present invention. Wireless power and communications as described in the Related Applications enable the wells to provide real¬time measurement of downhole conditions to update the reservoir model, and based on predictions made &om the model, the well production is controlled to optimize field performance. The objective function for production optimization may be altered over time as product market conditions shift, production costs or physical plant capabilities are changed. The invention and development of wireless communication and electrical power transmission and control by means of pipes and tomb introduces the opportunity for widespread collection of oil field data, both (1) at the surface, through the network of facilities piping and injection and production distribution lines, and (2) in the subsurface, tlu-ough well casing and tubing. The amounts and types of data that could be collected and the degree of control in remote parts of the units would provide a major advance in management of single wells, whole fields, or even company-wide assets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 schematically illustrates a reservoir production control system according to the present invention being implemented on a company-wide basis to optimize the production of a plurality of reservoirs. Figure 2 depicts secondary production operations in a multi-layer reservoir being produced by two wells. Figure 3 illustrates primary production operations in a multi-layer reservoir by a production well, the production well experiencing water or gas breakthrough in one layer of the reservoir before another layer is oil depleted. Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating the measurement, modeling, and control actions method for closed-loop control of an individual well or a field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1 in the drav/ings, a reservoir production control system 11 according to the present invention is illustrated. Reservoir production control system 11 is used to optimize the production of one or more reservoirs. A reservoir 13 includes a plurality of wells 15,17,19, 21 completed in the subsurface for producing oil and gas reser\'es from reservoir 13. The exact number and type of wells present in a particular reservoir could vary significantly from reservoir to reservoir. In FIG. 1, well 15 is an injection well, well 17 is a conventional production well, well 19 is a multi-lateral production well, and well 21 is a data observation well. Each well includes a borehole that begins at a surface of the well and continues into a production zone within the reservoir. Preferably, the wells include casing that is cemented in the borehole during completion of the well. A tubing string or production tubing 29 is located in the borehole of each well. Wireless data receptors or downhole data pods 31 are distributed in the boreholes of the wells. Downhole data pods 31 send and receive data along a downhole communication network 33. Preferably, the downhole communication network allows transmission of data signals along an electrically isolated portion of the tubing string. In most cases, the electrically isolated portion of the tubing string is created between two ferromagnetic chokes placed on the tubing string. The transmission of data using such ' electrically isolated sections of pipe or tubing is described more fully in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,999, entitled "Toroidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication and Control," filed Jan. 24, 2000, and U.S. Pat. App. 60/178,000, entitled "Ferromagnetic Choke in Wellhead," filed Jan. 24, 2000, which are both hereby incorporated by reference. Pods 31 may also be equipped to collect data about downhole physical characteristics of the well, including pressure, temperature, acoustic noise, seismic signals, resistivity, fluid turbidit>', infrared response, flow rate in the pipe, vibration, or other measurements useful for monitoring the well. This data collection would be accompUshed in the maimer described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,998, entitled "Petroleum Well Having Downhole Sensors, Communication, and Power," filed Jan. 24 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Collected data would be transmitted to the surface of the well over the downliole communication network 33 using the methods described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,999, entitled "Toroidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication and Control," filed Jan. 24, 2000, and U.S. Pat. App. 60/178,000, entitled "Ferromagnetic Choke in Wellhead," filed Jan. 24, 2000. In some cases pod 31 would be equipped to operate accompanying downhole control devices 35, v/hich could include a submersible pump or a controllable gas-lift valve for modifying the flow rate of oO within tlie production tubing 29. The downhole control device 35 could also include a chemical injector for injecting treatment chemicals such as corrosion inliibitors, scale inhibitor, foaming agents and paraffin solvents. The operation of downhole valves using the power transmission and commmiication techniques described above is more fully described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/178,001, entitled "Controllable Gas-Lift Well and Valve," filed Jan. 24, 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Detection of failures of downhole equipment, such as gas-lift valve leakage, electric submersible pump vibration, and rod pimip noise, would allow early remedial efforts that would improve productivity of the wells. In addition to placement of wireless devices in the subsurface portions of the wells, a plurality of surface data pods 37 may be placed in a surface communication network 38 of interconnected pipes 39. The intercormected pipes 39 are common in oil field operations and are generally used to fluidly connect the wells to tanks and separators 41. Each of the interconnected pipes is also a potential data transmission path when a section of the pipes can be electrically isolated as described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,999, entitled "Toroidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication and Control," filed Jan. 24, 2000, and U.S. Pat. App. 60/178,000, entitled "FeiTOmagnetic Choke in Wellhead," filed Jan. 24, 2000. Preferably, the electrically isolated portions of the interconnected pipes are located between ferromagnetic chokes placed on the pipes. The wireless devices at the surface would interact with the subsurface devices to optimize well production in view of any operational constraints at the surface. These constraints might be (1) available gas for gas lift, (2) supply of water or other fluids for flooding projects, (3) upsets in production facilities such as oil/water separation, (4) emulsion control, and (5) other common occurrences encountered in manual operations. Control of all of the operations described above resides in a central data collection computer 51, which will have a reservoir model with which to compare the actual behavior of the reservoir being monitored by downhole data pods 31. Reservoir conditions that change with time are often unattainable after wells have been completed and pipe cemented in place. With permanent pressure monitors available for timely pressure transient analyses, the progress of depletion of a reservoir can be closely monitored. Deviations from expected behavior, can be analyzed and in some cases, such as poor profile control, may be corrected by the downhole control devices 35, or by well workovers. Permanently installed resistivity monitors in producing wells would be effective in observing the effects of poor injection profiles. Referring to FIG. 2 in the drawings, a multi-layer reservoir 61 with production well 63 and an injection well 65 is illustrated duriag flooding operations of secondary production. Downhole sensing and control devices are used to regulate injection into individual layers, in order to prevent early breakthrough of injected fluids and to minimize wasteful cycling of injectants during sweepout of the other layers. This is accomplished by monitoring and controlling flow rates at a number of locations along the injection interval. Alternatively, layers that flood out prematurely can be detected by salinit)' devices or other detectors spaced along the interval in production well 63. Referring to FIG. 3 in the drawings, a multi-layer reservoir 71 being produced by a production well 73 is illustrated during primary production. Well 73 is experiencing water or gas breakthrough in one layer of the reservoir before another layer of the reservoir is depleted of oil. By placing downhole equipment and downhole control devices in the layers experiencing water or gas breakthrough, production &om these layers can be excluded, thereby permitting continued oil production from layers that are relatively free of gas or water. The values of downhole data are compared with the reservoir model prediction to determine if the reservoir is operating as expected. Wlien the reservoir operating parameters diverge from expected behavior, new wells may be required, or wells may need to be shut in or abandoned; however, many corrective operations are potentially attainable with the proposed downhole control devices. FIG. 4 illustrates a measurement and confrol sequence appropriate to such corrective actions. As illustrated in FIG. 4, such a sequence is cyclic: - Measurements from downhole and surface sensors are collected and passed to the model; - The model may be updated from an external data source, for instance to alter desired production rate, and the measurements are compared to the model; - Based on the results of the comparison, decisions are taken on any action which may be required, and the model parameters are updated; - Any decisions for action are translated into commands which are transmitted to downhole actuators, and the cycle returns to the measurement step. Reservoir management is not limited to optimization of a single field. Referring again to FIG. 1, a second central computer 77 and a third central computer 79 are associated with a second reservoir and a third reservoir, respectively. Similar to central computer 51, the second and third central computers 77, 79 monitor downhole data and surface data over individual downhole communication networks (not shown) and individual surface communication networks (not shown). The data collected by second central computer 77 and third central computer 79 are integrated with that data collected by central computer 51 over a remote communication network 91. The integration of data among the central computers 51, 77, 79 could include data for all of the fields operated by a particular company. This data can then be integrated and analyzed in conjunction with economic data 93 and world-wide economic trends, such as oil prices and supplies, national production controls, pipeline and tanker capacities, and location storage limitations. The overall effect of having large amounts of information and control in a central location by efficient wireless devices would allow effective optimization of production from all of a company's assets. WE CLAIM: 1. A reservoir production control system comprising: a plurality of wells for producing a reservoir, each we having a borehole extending from the surface, and at least one piping structure located within the borehole; at least one downhole data pod located within the borehole of one of the wells for monitoring downhole data about downhole physical characteristics of the well; at least one surface data pod for monitoring surface data; a central computer for collecting the surface data from the surface data pod and the downhole data from the downhole data pod; a downhole communication network for transmitting electrical power and communication signals along an electrically isolated portion of the piping structure of the one or more wells from the downhole data pod the surface of the one or more wells; a surface communication network elecfrically connected between the surface of the well and the central computer; wherein the surface communication network comprises a plurality of interconnected pipes having electrically isolated portions for communicating information between the surface of the well and the central computer; and wherein the downhole data and the surface data is analyzed by the central computer to optimize production of the reservoir. 2. The production control system according to claim 1, comprising a second central computer for collecting downhole data and surface data associated with a second reservoir, the second computer receiving the data over a second surface communication network; and wherein the second central computer is electrically connected to the first central computer. 3. The production control system according to claim 1, comprising a second central computer for collecting downhole data and surface data associated with a second reservoir, the second computer receiving the data over a second surface communication network; wherein the second central computer is electrically connected to first central computer over a remote communication network; and wherein the downhole and surface data collected by the second computer and the downhole and surface data collected by the first central computer are analyzed to optimize the production of both the first reservoir and the second reservoir. 4. The production control system according to claim 3, wherein economic data is also provided to one of the central computers, the economic data being considered in conjunction with the surface data and the downhole data from both reservoirs to collectively optimize the production of the first reservoir and the second reservoir. 5. The production control system according to claim 4, wherein the economic data is information on petroleum prices, petroleum supplies, national production controls, pipeline capacities, tanker capacities and/or location storage limitations. 6. The production control system according to claim 1, comprising at least one downhole control device electrically connected to the downhole communication network, the downhole control device receiving instructions from the central computer to assist in optimizing the production of the reservoir. 7. The production control system according to claim 6, wherein the downhole control device is a controllable gas-lift valve disposed along the tubing string of the well. 8. The production control system according to claim 6, wherein the downhole control device is an electric submersible pump. 9. The production control system according to claim 6, wherein the downhole control device is a chemical treatment injector. 10. The production control system according to claim 6, wherein the downhole control device is an inflow control device. 11. The production control system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the wells is a conventional production well. 12. The production control system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the wells is an injection well. 13. The production control system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the wells is a multi-lateral production well. 14. The production control system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the wells is a data observation well. 15. A method for controlling the production of a reservoir having a plurality of wells for producing the reservoir, each well having a borehole extending from the surface, and a tubing string inserted in the borehole, the method comprising the steps of: (a) communicating downhole data from a downhole pod in at least one of the wells to the surface along a downhole communication network in which communication signals are transmitted along an electrically isolated portion of the tubing string, which portion is located between a first and second ferromagnetic choke disposed circumferentially and the tubing string, each ferromagnetic choke impeding current flow along the tubing string; (b) providing a central computer for collecting the d hole data from one or more wells; (c) communicating the downhole data from the surface of the well to the central computer along a surface communication network; and (d) analyzing the downhole data and communicating instructions from the central computer to at least one of the wells to change selected operating parameters of the well. 16. The method according to claim 15 comprising the step of comparing the downhole data collected by the central computer to a reservoir model. 17. The method according to claim 15 comprising the steps of communicating surface data from a surface pod to the central computer using the surface communication network; and wherein the surface data is analyzed in conjunction with the downhole data to optimize production of the reservoir. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises the step of transmitting communications signals along electrically isolated portions of a plurality of interconnected pipes, the pipes being located between the surface of the well and the central computer. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein each electrically isolated portion of the interconnected pipes is located between a first and second ferromagnetic :hake that circumferentially surrounds the pipe and impedes current flow along the pipe. 20. The method according to claim 15 comprising the step of communicating additional downhole data from a second central computer to the first central computer via a remote communication network, the downhole data from the second central computer being obtained from a well on a second reservoir, 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein step (d) comprises the step of comparing the downhole data to reservoir model to optimize the production of the reservoir.

Documents:

in-pct-2002-1358-che abstract.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che claims-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che claims.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che correspondence-others.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che correspondence-po.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che description(complete)-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che description(complete).pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che drawings.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che form-1.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che form-18.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che form-26.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che form-3.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che form-5.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che others.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che pct.pdf

in-pct-2002-1358-che petition.pdf