Title of Invention

AN ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL PROCESS FOR DEINKING OF NEWS PAPER WASTE

Abstract

Deinking technology has aided the use secondary fibre in the pulp and paper industry. By the use of this technology, the recycled fibers have been elevated to the status of the virgin fiber. Several methods have been designed employing mechanical and chemical methods either singly or in combination. Enzymatic method have also been tried with verying degree of success. This adversely affects the strength of paper. A novel inexpensive method of anarobic treatment for 24 h at room temperature has been found to remove more than 95% of ink particles from the news paper waste without loss in strength.l

Full Text

FROM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (SECTION 10) "An Anaerobic Microbial Process for Deinking of News Paper Waste" Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, India, The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. ORIGINAL GRANTED 15-6-2005 15 JUN 2005 Introduction The pulp and the paper industry in India is almost three centuries old (Panda, A., (1997), Status of the News print Industry in India, paper presented at the 3rd International Conference of Paperex 97 held at New Delhi.). Paper is in great demand globally as an item employed for mass communication. It plays a vital role in achieving the social objectives of universal literacy and communication on one hand and supporting growth of industrial output on the other (Rao, Y.A., (1989), The Growth and Structure of Paper Industry In: The Paper Industry in India-Stains and Prospects, pp. 180). Paper is a pliable material essentially made up of interlacing cellulosic fibres of natural origin used.for writing, communicating, packaging and variety of specialized purposes (Beirmann, CJ.,(1993), Pulping Fundamentals In: Essentials of Pulping and paper making, Academic press, Inc. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, New York, London, 158-2070 and Ranee, F.H., (1980), Hand book on Paper Science In: The Science and Technology of Paper Making, Eslevier Scientific Publishing Company Amsterdam, 91-110). Paper making may be defined as a process of assembling individual fibres together to make a sheet or a web. Paper consists of a web of pulp normally from wood or other vegetable fibres usually formed from aqueous slurry on a wire or screen and held together by hydrogen bonding (Grant, J., (1958), Cellulose Pulp and Allied products of Wood pulp, 3rd edition, Leonard Hill (Books) Limited, 24-35). Importance of Paper Recycling The growth of the paper industry depends on the availability of lignocellulosic raw material. Moreover, in India the industry has to satisfy a demand of 4 million tonnes of paper and paper board. With the rapidly increasing population, our country"s demand for the rural poor has to be met before industry gets its share. The pulp and paper industry has historically been very intensive user of natural sources like forests, water and energy. The raw material for the fibre requirement depends upon forest based and agro based sources. However, some of these resources are depleting day by day due to population explosion, modernisation, and industrialisation (Shridhar, P., Reddy, J.V.R, Karmarkar G.R., (1999) In: A Review on Waste Paper Processing , IPPTA Convention Issue, 61-69)). The pulp and me paper industries have always attempted to recycle the actually used material and thereby find an alternate way to use the natural resources. The use of secondary fibre currently has become a major economic factor in the industry. The generation of toxic effluents in the paper industry and high cost involved in putting up effluent treatment plants and stricter norms laid down by pollution control board compelled most of the paper industries to go in for processing imported pulp which is available at a cheaper price and also resort to recycling of used paper. Presently, deinking technology has aided the use of secondary fibre in the pulp and paper industry. By the use of this technology, the recycled fibres have been elevated to the status of the virgin fibre. The objective of any deinking operation can be summed up as the removal of sufficient amount of ink in order to make the required paper quality acceptable to the consumers at minimum cost. Today"s paper industries, employing deinking technology are well equipped to remove most contaminants and inks. However, the advent of complex ink formulations has made demking a challenging task and also has posed problems for paper industries which are feeing pressure to increase the use of recycled fibre in paper making. Several methods have been designed employing mechanical and chemical means either singly or in combination (Felton, A.J., (1974), Secondary Fibre Technology, Tappi J, 58 (4), 78-83 and Fergusson, L., (1992), Deinking Chemistry Part I and Part H, Tappi J, 75 (7) and 75(8), 75-83 and 49-57) Enzymatic methods have also been tried with varying degrees of success (Prasad, D.Y., (1992), Enzyme Deinking of Black and White Letterpress printed Newsprint Waste, Progress in Paper Recycling, 21 (5), 21-47, Welt, T., Dinus , RJ.,(1995), Enzymatic Deinking -A Review, Progress in Paper Recycling, 24 (2), 36-45 and Zeyer, C, Joyce, T., Rucker J.W., Heitmann, J.A,(1993), Enzymatic Deinking of Cellulosic Fabric: A Model Study For Enzymatic Paper Deinking, Progress in Paper Recycling, 22 (11), 36-44). Considering the enormous work done on methods of deinking, a novel inexpensive and ecofiiendly method of anaerobic treatment employing the microbial consortium maintain/available at central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, has been tried. Method Microbiological Deinking Technique Anaerobic system is a biologically engineered process by which the feedstock is converted into range of simpler compounds including methane in absence of air. The process used in the following investigation is treatment of recyclable paper to a cocktail of enzymes namely, cellulase, pectinase, lipase, xylanase etc. present in the microbial consortium containing hydrolytic, acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in the anaerobic digester. The principle underlying the deinking process is that the enzymes loosen the cellulose fibre from the deinkable paper samples thereby releasing the ink particles. The released ink particles are made to float. The advantage of this process is that paper sheets made from the used paper retained the strength almost to the original one. The method is cheaper than the enzymatic deinking technique wherein the enzymes work only at optimum temperature and pH conditions with a risk of loss in strength. The anaerobic treatment is performed at room temperature. The cut paper samples were directly subjected to anaerobic treatment for different periods followed by lime treatment, at 0.5 and 1.0 % concentration. In each of the above cases, the pulp without the anaerobic treatment served as control. The results obtained are given in Tables 1 & 2. Table 1: Image Analysis Data of Ink Particles in the Deinked Paper Sheets Paper bits treated anaerobically for 24 h followed by hot water treatment at 80°C for 20 min with 0.5% lime. Same as (a) except lime at 1.0%. Pulp samples treated with sodium hydroxide (0.1%), sodium silicate (0.7%) and hydrogen peroxide (0.7%) at 50°C for 2 h. Pulp samples without treatment. Table 2: Physical Properties of the Deinked Paper sheets Paper bits treated anaerobically for 24 h followed by hot water treatment at 80°C for 20 min with 0.5% lime. Same as (a) except lime at 1.0%. Pulp samples treated with sodium hydroxide (0.1%), sodium silicate (0.7%) and hydrogen peroxide (0.7%) at 50°C for 2 h. Pulp samples without treatment. Claims: 1. An anaerobic microbial process for deinking of news paper waste has been standardized in which cut paper samples are directly subjected to a cocktail of enzymes present in microbial consortium containing hydrolytic, acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in an anaerobic digester for 2 to 24 hours followed by hot water treatment at around 809C for around 20 min with 0.5 to 1.0% lime. 2. The process as claimed in 1, wherein the news cut paper shreddings (500g) are subjected to anaerobic treatment for 24 hours in microbial consortium containing cocktail of enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, lipase and xylanase, 3. The process as claimed in 1 & 2, wherein the treated shreddings are taken out, washed in tap water once and heated (substrate to liquid ratio, 1.10) to 80°C for 20 minutes in 1.0% lime (lg/lOOg paper) and the floating ink particles are scooped out. 4. The process as claimed in 1 -3, wherein the deinked paper is converted to pulp in a valley beater and standard paper sheets are made and desired results obtained. Date: 9/7/2004 (Dr. S. Sreenivasan) Mumbai Director

Documents:

464-mum-2004-cancelled pages(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-claims(granted)-(15-06-2005).doc

464-mum-2004-claims(granted)-(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-correspondence(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-correspondence(ipo)-(10-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 1(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 1(16-04-2004).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 19(16-04-2004).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 2(granted)-(15-06-2005).doc

464-mum-2004-form 2(granted)-(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 3(09-07-2004).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 3(15-06-2005).pdf

464-mum-2004-form 3(16-04-2004).pdf