Title of Invention	A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 3-CYCLIC-ETHER-SUBSTITUTED CEPHALOSPORIN
Abstract	This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins of formula (I): wherein the group CO₂-R¹ is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt and R2 has the formula (a): wherein A¹ is selected form the group consisting of C6-10aryl, C1-10heteroaryl and C1-10heterocyclyl; A² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl C1-6alkyl(CO)(C1-6)alkyl-O-, HO(CO)(C1-6)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl) and tri-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl); from a zwitterionic compound of formula (II), or from a compound of formula (V): wherein R² is as defined above and R³ is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl. The invention also relates to the preparation of the above compounds of formula (II) and (V).

Title of Invention

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 3-CYCLIC-ETHER-SUBSTITUTED CEPHALOSPORIN

Abstract

This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins of formula (I): wherein the group CO₂-R¹ is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt and R2 has the formula (a): wherein A¹ is selected form the group consisting of C6-10aryl, C1-10heteroaryl and C1-10heterocyclyl; A² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl C1-6alkyl(CO)(C1-6)alkyl-O-, HO(CO)(C1-6)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl) and tri-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl); from a zwitterionic compound of formula (II), or from a compound of formula (V): wherein R² is as defined above and R³ is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl. The invention also relates to the preparation of the above compounds of formula (II) and (V).

Full Text	FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 [39 OF 1970] COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [See Section 10; Rule 13] "A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 3-CYCLIC-ETHER-SUBSTITUTED CEPHALOSPORIN" PFIZER PRODUCTS INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the laws of the State of Connecticut, United States of America, of Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States of America, The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:- The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins of formula 1. This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosphorins. The invention also relates to novel process for preparing zwitterions, para-nitrobenzyl esters and allyl esters useful in the preparation of the above cephalosporins. The invention also relates to 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. These compounds possess certain advantageous properties, such as crystalline form and high enantiomeric excess (e.e.) The 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins prepared by the methods of the present invention have prolonged and high levels of antibacterial activity and posses good absorption parentally in humans and animals. The 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins prepared by the processes of the present invention contain a cyclic ether substituent at carbon 3 of the cephalosporin nucleus. GB 1405758 describes alternative methods of preparation of certain 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. J. Antibiotics (1994), vol. 47(2), page 253, and WO 92/01696 also described alternative methods of preparation of compounds of formula I, as defined herein below, and compounds useful in said processes. 1 United States Patents No. 6,020,329 and 6,077,952 describe salts, polymorphs, solvates and hydrates of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. United States Patent No. 6,001,997 describes alternative methods of preparations of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. United States Provisional Patent Application entitled "Process and Ester derivatives useful for preparation of Cephalosporins", filed November 30, 2000, refers to intermediates and processes to prepare 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. Each of the above referenced publications, patents and patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The present inventors have discovered a novel compound of formula I, as defined herein below. The present inventors have also discovered a high-yielding process for the preparation of said compounds of formula I. WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 Summary of the Invention The present invention relates " to a process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin of the formula I 5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the group cO2R1 is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt; and R2 has a formula: 10 wherein A1 is C6-10arylC1-10heteroaryl or C1-10heterocyclyl; A2 is hydrogen, Chalky!, C3.l0cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C1-6alkyl(CO)(C1-6)alkyl-0- HO(CO)(C1-6)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di(C6-10aryl)(1-6alkyl) or tri-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkill); comprising reacting a compound of formula II with a compound: of the formula III (III) R2L 20 wherein R2 is as defined above, and L is a leaving group, in the presence of a solvent and a base. Optionally, the aforesaid process may be performed in the presence of a coupling agent and a catalyst. Preferably, the group OA2 of said compounds of formula III is cis to the amide linkage, i.e., the Z-configurati6n is preferred. WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 Suitable solvents for the aforesaid process of conversion of compounds of formula II into compounds of formula I of the invention include water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethaethane mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran. In another embodiment of the invention, the solvent is ethyl acetate. Preferebly, the solvent is water, acetone or mixtures thereof. More preferably the solvent is a mixture of acetone and water. Most preferably the solvent is a 1.3:1 mixture of acetone and water. Suitable bases for the aforesaid conversion of the invention include diisopropylethylamihe or sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the base is sodium hydroxide, most . preferably 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide. Suitable coupling agents for the aforesaid conversion of the invention include N.N"-diethylcarbodiirnide, N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethyiamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N.N"-carbonyldiimidbzole or N.N"-carbonyldithiazole. A preferred coupling agent is N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absence of any coupling agents. Suitable catalysts fo.r the aforesaid conversion of the invention include Lewis acids. Suitable Lewis acids are selected from the group consisting of boron trihalide, such as boron 20 tribromide, and aldminum halide, such as aluminum chloride. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absepce of any catalysts. i The aforesaid conversion of the invention can be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about +30CC, preferably about +20°C to about +30°C. The aforesaid process can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours; preferably about 3 hours. Suitable leaving groups L of the aforesaid compound of formula III of the aforesaid conversion include hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6-10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryr)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di-(C6-10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkylXC6-10aryl)sulfonyl, (C1-6alkyl)-(CO)_S-, 30 cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl. In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo and azido. i in another embodiment o1 the aloTesaid conversion ol the invention, the ieaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6-10aryl)carboxylate, WO 02/46 J 98 01/02225 di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate and mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylatel di(C1-6alkyl)(phosphorothioate. In yet anotper embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl and (C1-6alkyl)-(CO)-S-. In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula HI is selected from the group consisting of cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy and N-oxy-succinimidyl. In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of halo, methanesulfonyl, diethylphosphorothioate and 3-benzthiazolyloxy. In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, more preferably diethylphosphorothioate. The present invention also relates to an alternative process for the preparation of the above 3-cyclic ether-substituted cephalosporin of the formula I, or the pharmaceutical^ acceptable salts thereof, comprising reacting a compound of formula V 20 wherein R2 has the formula wherein A1 is C6-10aryl,C1-10heteroaryl or C1-10heterocyclyl; A2 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C1-6alkyl)CO)C1-6alkyl-O-, HO(CO)(C^)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl) or tri-(C6-10aryl)C1-6alkyl); and R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl, preferably allyl; with a suitable deprotecting agent in the presence of a solvent. WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 The term "alkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydroca"rbon radicals having straight, branched moieties or combinations thereof, alkyl groups, wherever they occur, may be optionally substituted by a suitable substituent. The term "cycloalkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes a mono or 5 bicyclic carbocyclic ring (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, , bicyclo[2.2.1)heptenyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl and bicyclo[5.2.0]nonanyl, etc.); optionally containing 1or 2 double bonds and optionally substituted by 1 to 3 suitable substituents as defined below such as fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, (C1-4alkoxy, (C6-10)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C1-4alkyl, more preferably fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl and methoxy. The term "alkoxy", as used herein, includes O-alkyl groups wherein "alkyl" is as defined above. The term "halo", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes fiuorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably bromine or chlorine. The term "aryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of one or more hydrogen(s), such as phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 suitable substituents such as fluoro, chloro, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C1-6alkoxy, (C6-10)aryloxy, (C3-6)cycloalkyloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C1-6alkyl. 20 The term "heteroaryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic heterocyclic compound by removal of one or more hydrogen(s), such as benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl, 2H-1-benzopyranyl, benzothiadiazine, benzothiazinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, furazanyl, furopyridinyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 20 3H-indolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyi, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl and triazolyl, wherein said (C1-10heteroaryl is optionally substituted on any of the ring carbon atoms capable of forming an additional bond by one or two substituents 30 independently selected from F, CI, Br, CN, OH, (Chalky!, (C1-4perfluoroalkyl, (C1-4perfluoroalkoxy, (C1-4)alkoxy and (C3-6)cycloalkyloxy. The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For instance, a group derived from pyrrole can be pyrrol-i-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached). 3 5 The term "heterocyclyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from a non-aromatic heterocyclic compound by removal of one or more hydrogens, such as 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]-heptanyl, azetidinyl, WO 01/46198 PCT/IB0]/02225 dihydrofuranyt, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyI, hexahydroazepinyl, hexahydropyrimidine, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyi, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazdlidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, quinolizinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, ; 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl and trithianyl. The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For example, a group derived from piperidine can be piperidin-1-yl (N-attached) or piperidin-4-yl (C-attached). The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be optionally substituted 10 where such is possible by a suitable substituent, such as oxo, F, CI, Br, CN, OH, (C1-4)alkyl, . (C1-4)perfluoroalkyl, (C1-4)perfluoroalkexy, (C1-4)aikoxy, or (C3-6)cycioalkyloxy. The phrase\| "a suitable substituent" is intended to mean a chemically and pharmaceutically acceptable functional group "i.e., a moiety that does not negate the inhibitory activity of the inventive compounds. Such suitable substituents may be routinely selected by 15 those skilled in the art. Illustrative examples of suitable substituents include, but are not limited to halo groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, perfluoroalkoxy groups, alky! groups, hydroxy groups, oxo groups, mercapto groups, alkylthio groups, alkoxy groups, aryl or heteroaryl groups, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups aralkyl or heteroaralkyl groups, aralkoxy or heteroaralkoxy groups, carboxy groups, amino groups, alkyl- and diaikyiamino groups, carbamoyl groups, alkylcarbonyl 20 groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, alkylaminocarbonyl groups, diaikyiamino carbonyl groups, aryicarbonyl groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, alkylsulfonyl groups, arylsulfonyl groups and the like. The term "carboxylate salt", as used herein, includes metal salts (such as aluminium, alkali metal salts, such as sodium or potassium, preferably sodium), alkaline earth metal salts (such as calcium on magnesium), and ammonium salts. The ammonium salts can be substituted with C1-6alkylamines (such as triethylamine), hydroxy-(C1-6)alkylamines (such as 2-hydroxyethylamine: bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine), cycloalkylamines puch as dicyciohexylamine), procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, 1-ephenamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, 30 N-benzyl-p-phenethylimine, dehydroabietylamine, N.N"-bis-dehydro-abietylamine, ethylenediamine, or pyridine-type bases (such as pyridine, collidine or quinoline), or other amines which have been used to form salts with known penicillins and 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalospprins. Other useful salts include the lithium salt and silver salt. Salts within compounds :of formula I can be prepared by salt exchange in conventional manner. 35 The term "active compounds", as used herein, refers to compounds of formula I. Compounds of formula I contain chiral centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. This invention relates to all optical isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 and stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I and mixtures thereof. The compounds of the invention also exist in different tautomeric forms. This invention relates to all tautomers of formula I. Those skilled in the art are well aware that the cephalosporin nucleus exists as a mixture of tautomers in solution. The various ratios of the tautomers in solid and liquid form is dependent on the various substituents on the molecule as well as the particular crystallization technique used to isolate a compound. Preferably, the group OA2 of said compounds of formula III is cis to the amide linkage, i.e., the Z-configuration is preferred. Suitable deprotecting agents for the aforesaid process of conversion of compounds of 10 formula V into compounds of formula I of the invention include sodium dithionite or tetrakis triphenyi phosphine palladium (0). Suitable solvents for the aforesaid conversion include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment of the invention, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran. In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the.invention, the solvent is methylene chloride. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45oC. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours. 3 20 In one embpdiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within, this embodiment, suitab y the deprotecting agent is sodium dithionite. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about 40°C. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid process is conducted for about 4 hours. 25 In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is allyl. Within this embodiment, the preferred deprotecting agent is tetrakis triphenyi phosphine palladium (0). Within this embodiment, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 35°C; preferably about 27°C to about 30°C. Within this embodiment, preferably the aforesaid process is conducted for about 5 hours. 30 The present invention also includes a process for the preparation of the above compound of formuie II comprising reacting a compound of formula IV WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 25 30 35 wherein R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl, preferably para-nitrobenzyl; and X is halo, preferably chloro; with a suitable deprotecting agent; in the presence of a solvent. Suitable solvents for the process of conversion of compounds of formula IV into compounds of formula II of the invention include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent is a mixture of acetone and water. More preferably, the solvent is a 3:1 mixture of acetone and water. Suitable deprotecting agents for the aforesaid conversion include sodium dithionite, catalytic hydrogensting agent (such as hydrogen gas over 10% palladium over carbon) or tetrakis triphenyl phDsphine palladium (0). The afdresaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45°C. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours. In the preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within this embodiment, the preferred deprotecting agent is sodium dithionite. Preferably, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 45°c; Preferably, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 1 hour. In another embodiment of the invention, R3 is allyl. Within this embodiment, suitably the deprotecting agent is tetrakis triphenyl phosphine palladium (0). Suitable solvents include methylene chloride and tetrahydrofuran. The aforesaid process can be conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 35°C. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the above compound of formula V comprising reacting the above compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is para-nitrobenzyl ior alllyl; preferably allyl; and X is halo; preferably chloro; with a compound of the formula HI, as defined above, in the presence of a solvent. Optionally, the aforesaid process can be conducted in the presence of an optional coupling agent or an optional catalyst. Suitable solvents for the aforesaid conversion of compounds of formula IV into compounds of formula V include methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, a coupling agent is used. Within this embodiment, suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N.N"-carbonyldiimidazole or N,N"-carbonyldithiazole. A preferred coupling agent is N,N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absence of any coupling agents. In another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, a catalyst is used. Within this embodiment, the catalyst can be a Lewis acid. Suitable Lewis acids are WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 boron trihalide, such as boron tribromide, or aluminum halide, such as aluminum chloride. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absence of any catalysts. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about +40°C. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period of from about 1 hour to about 24 hours. In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about +20°C to about +30°C. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted for about 3 hours. In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, R3 is allyl. Within this embodiment, preferably the solvent is methylene chloride. Within this" embodiment, preferably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C. Within this embodiment, preferably the aforesaid conversion is conducted for about 24 hours. 15 Suitably the leaving group L of the compound of formula III in the aforesaid conversion of the! invention includes hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1.6alkyl)carboxylate, di-(C6.10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylatel di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono- (C1-6alkylX C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl( (C1-6alkyl(CO-S-, 20 cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl. In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of[ formula III is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo and azido. In another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group 25 L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of mono(C1-6alkyl)carbolnate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate, mono-{C1-6aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di-(C6.10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate and di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorpthioate. i In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving 30 group L of the cojmpound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkyl)(C6.10aryl)sulfonyl and (C1-6alkyl)-(CO)-S-. In yet anothef embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy and N-oxy-succinimidyl. WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of halo, methanesulfonyl, diethylphosphorothioate and 3-benzthiazolyloxy. In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula HI is mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate. more preferably acetate. The present invention also relates to a compound of formula I! 11 In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula II has an enantiomeric or diastereomeric purity of 96% to 100%; preferably 97%. The present invention also relates to a compound of formula V i wherein R2 is as defined above; and R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; preferably allyl. In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula V has an enantiomeric or diastereomeric purity of 96% to 100%; preferably 97%. In generic or sub-generic embodiments of each of the foregoing embodiments, the A1 moiety of said R2 is C6-10aryl, such as phenyl. In other generic or sub-generic embodiments of the invention, the A1 moiety of said R2 is C1-10heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, aminothiazolyl and aminothiadiazolyl, in which the amino moiety of said aminothiazolyl or aminothiadiazolyl is optionally protected. In other generic or sub-generic embodiments of the invention, the A1 moiety of said R2 is C1-10heterocyclyl; such as 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]-heptany\|, azetidinyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyl, hexahydroazepinyl, hexahydropyrimidinel imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrolinyl, quinolizinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl. 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrjdinyl, tetrahydrothieoyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl or trithianyl. Preferably the A1 moiety of said R2 is aminothiazolyl. WO 02746198 PCT/1B01/02225 2 In other generic or sub-generic embodiments of the invention, the A moiety of said R2 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes each of the foregoing generic and sub-generic embodiments wherein the A2 moiety of said R2 is C1-6alkyl, more preferably methyl. In a preferred embodiment of each of the foregoing generic and sub-generic embodiments the invention, a compound of the formula III has a formula Ilia wherein L is a leaving group, such as halo, methanesulfonyl, dialkylphosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate or 3-benzthiazolyloxy. In a most preferred embodiment of each of the foregoing embodiments of the invention, a compound of the formula III has a formula IlIa, as defined above, wherein L is diethylphosphorothioate or acetate. The optional conversion of R2 to a different R2 and the optional formation of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, can be carried out using methods well known in the art. In the processes described hereinabove and hereinbelow, it may be necessary to , remove protecting groups. Deprotection can be carried out by any convenient method known in the art such that unwanted side reactions are minimized. Separation of unwanted by-products can be carried out using standard methods known to those skilled in the art (for example, see "Protection of the Amino Group", in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.G. M. Wuts, Ed., Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1991, pp. 309-405). The present invention also relates to a method of using a zwitterion intermediate for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. Detailed Description of the Invention The process of the present invention and the preparation of the compound of the present invention are illustrated in the following reaction schemes. Except where otherwise indicated, in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow, substituents R1, R2, R3, L, A1, A2 and X are as defined above unless otherwise described. WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 SCHEME 3 WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 15 2) 35 Scheme 1 refers to the preparation of compounds of formula I. Referring to Scheme 1, a compound of formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula II with a compound of formula III R2-L (III); wherein L is a leaving group, in the presence of a base and a solvent. Suitable leaving groups include hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxy)ate, di-(C6. 10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, (C1-6alkyl)CO)-S-, cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl. Preferably, the leaving group is di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate. Suitable bases include diisopropylethylarnine or sodium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, most preferably 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide. Suitable solvents include water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, or mixtures thereof; preferably a mixture of water and acetone, most preferably a mixture of 1:1.3 of water and acetone. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about 30°C; preferably about 20°C to about 30°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, preferably for about 3 hours. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be effected in the presence of an acid binding agent, for example a tertiary amine (such as triethylamine), pyridine (such as 2,6-lutidine or 4-dimethyiaminopyridine), or dimethylaniline. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can also be carried out in the presence of molecular sieves, an inorganic base (such as calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate) or an oxirane, which binds the hydrogen gas liberated in the aforesaid reaction. The oxirane is preferably C1-6alkyl-1,2-alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a coupling agent. Suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide, N,N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N,N"-carbonyldiimidazole, and N,N"-carbonyldithiazole. Preferably, the coupling agent is N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide. Preferably the reactiori is conducted in the absence of any couplings agents. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Suitable catalysts include a Lewis acid, such as boron trihalide or aluminum halide. Preferably the reaction is conducted in the absence of any catalysts. WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 The compound of formula III can be prepared by methods known in the art. Suitable methods include those described, for example, in U.K. Patent No. 2 107 307 B, U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,536,281 and U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,508,064. Preferably, the compound of formula III (i.e. R2L), wherein R2 has a formula: wherein A1 is 2-aminothiazol-4-yl, A2 is methyl, and L is (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, such as methylsulfonyl, or di(C1-6alky!)phosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate, can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula lllb with (C1-6alkyl)sulfonylhalide, such as methanesulfonylchloride, or di(C1-6alkyl)thiophosphonic acid, such as djethylthiophoshonic acid. Most areferably, the compound of formula III is diethylthiophoshoryl-[Z]-2-aminotihiazol-4-yl-methoxylamino (DAMA), which can be prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Patent No. 5,567,813 and EP 628561. Scheme 2 refers to the preparation of a compound of formula II. Referring to Scheme 2, a compound of formula II can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is preferablypara-nitrobenzyl ester; and X is preferably chloro; with a suitable deprotecting agent in a solvent. I Suitable deprotecting agents include sodium dithionite or a catalytic hydrogenating agent, such as hydrogen gas over 10% palladium on carbon. Suitable solvents include acetone,. water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. Preferably the solvent is a mixture of 3:1 acetoneand water. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45°C, preferably about,45°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about hour to about 24 hours, preferably from about 1 nour. A compbund of formula IV can be prepared by various synthetic methods such as those described in the United States Provisional Patent Application entitled "Process and Ester Derivatives Useful For Preparation of Cephalosporins", filed November 30, 2000. WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 Scheme 3 refers to an alternative process of preparation of a compound of formula I. Referring to Scheme 3, a compound of formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula V, wherein R3 is preferably allyl; with a suitable deprotecting agent in a solvent. . Suitable deprotecting agents include sodium dithionite or tetrakis triphenyl phosphine palladium (0). j Suitable solvents include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. Preferably the solvent is methylene chloride. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 10 hours. A compound of formula V can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is preferably allyi; and X is preferably chloro; with a compound of formula HI \| R2-L (III) in a solvent. 15 Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mjxtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent is methylene chloride. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a coupling agent. Suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiirnide, 20 N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N.N"-carbonyldiimidazole, or N.N"-carbonyldithiazole. Preferably, the coupling agent is N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide. Preferably the aforesaid reaction is conducted without any coupling agents. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Suitable catalysts include a Lewis acid, such as boron trihalide or aluminum halide. Preferably 25 the aforesaid reactiorj is conducted without any catalysts. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about +40°C, preferably about +20°C to about +40°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours; preferably about 24 hours. A compound ]of formula IV can be prepared as described above in the description for 30 Scheme 2. Compounds of this invention can be crystallized or recrystallized from solvents such as organic solvents. In such cases solvates can be formed. This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that can be produced by processes such as lyophilization. 35 The compounds of formula (1) are useful for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin, i.e., the active compound. The active compound possesses activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Methods for assaying WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 the activity and Methods for formulating and administering the active compounds are disclosed in United States Patent No. 6,020,329, issued February 1, 2000. Methods of treatments areialso described in the aforesaid patent. The following Examples illustrate the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Melting points are uncorrected. NMR data are reported in parts per million (ppm) and are referenced to the deuterium lock signal from the sample solvent (deuteriachloroform unless otherwise specified). Commercial reagents were utilized without further purification. Room or ambient temperature refers to 20°C to 25°C. All non-aqueous reactions were run under a nitrogen atmosphere for convenience and to maximize yields. Concentration at reduced pressure means that a rotary evaporator was used. TLC stands for thin liquid chromatography. HPLC standsJor high pressure liquid chromatography. GC stands for gas chromatography. Example 1 Sodium 7-(2-(2-arninothiazol-4-vl)-2-methoxvimino)-3-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5- 15METHOD A: FROM 7-AMINO-8-OXO-3-(TETRAHYDROFURAN-2-YL)-5-THlA-1-AZA-B)CYCLO[4.2.0)OCTA-1 (6)2.4-TRIENE-2-CARBOXYL)C ACID. 7-Aminor8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2-carboxylic acid (20 g, 75 mmol), water (300 ml), acetone (400 ml), and a mixture of (Z)-2-amino-α-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleacetic acid anhydride and O.O-diethyl hydrogenphosphorothioate (27 g, 1.06 equivalents) were combined to form a slurry. The pH of the slurry was adjusted to between 7 to 7.5 by using aqueous sodium hydroxide. After complete dissolution was obtained, the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The product was precipitated by the addition of acetone (3200 mL). The resulting slurry was granulated, filtered, and dried uncjer vacuo to give the title compound (29.0 g, 80%). WO 02/46198 PCT/JB01/02225 METHOD B FROM ALLY-7-(2-(2-AMlNOTHlAZOL-4-YLV2-METHOXYlMINOl3-TETRAHYDROFURAN-2-YLV8-OXO-5-THIA-1-AZA-BlCYCLOf4.2.01OCT-2-ENE-2-CARBOXYLATE. BENZENE SULPHINIC ACID SALT To a 10-liter glass vessel was charged methylene chloride (4.50-liters") followed by tetrakis(triphenylphospine) palladium (9.0 g, 7.8 mmoles) in nitrogen atmosphere. Triphenyfphosphine (1.0 g, 3.8 mmoles) was added and stirred into the solution. Allyl-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino)-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia -1-aza-bicyclo[4:.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, benzene sulphinic acid salt (225.0g, 354 mmoles) was charged and warmed to 27-30°C. The reaction was monitored by HPLC, and further additions of catalyst was made as required. On completion, the solid product was filtered and washed twice with methylene chloride (700 m) total). The yellow to tan product was then air dried to achieve a constant weight before storage in a freezer. The yields range from 49-110.1%. Example 2 7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-yl-5-thia-1-a2a-bicvcloI4.2.01octa-1(6)-2,4-triene-2- carboxylic acid 7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene -2-carboxylic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (20 g, 54 mmol), water (30 ml) and acetone (90 ml) were combined to form a slurry. The pH of the slurry was adjusted to 7 by using aqueous ammonia solution (15%). To the resulting solution was added sodium hydrosulfite (32 g, 3.8 equiv.) in water (40 mL) solution. The pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 7 by using aqueous ammonia (15%) while maintaining the temperature between 40°C to 45°C. After stirring for 1 hour at 45°C, the pH was re-adjusted to 3.5 with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (15%). Thej resulting slurry was granulated, filtered and dried to afford the title compound (11.3 g, 80%). Preparation 1: (3-Benzvl-7-oxo-4-thia-2.6-diaza-bicvclo[3.2.01hept-2-en-6-yl)-hydroxv-acetic acid-4-nitro-behzvl ester Isopropariol (\|500 mL), methylene chloride (1800 mL) and (1R)-(4-nitrophenyl)methyl ester-a,1-methylethyl\|dene)-7-oxo-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo{3.2.0]hept-2-ene I WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 -6-acetic acid (250 g) were combined and the reaction mixture cooled at -70°C. To the cooled reaction.mixture, ozone was bubbled until the ozonolysis was completed. To the resulting solution, a mixture [of glacial acetic acid (625 mL) and isopropanol (750 ml) was added followed by a mixture of isopropanol (100 mL), water (100 mL) and sodium borohydride (22 g). After the reduct on was completed, a sodium metabisulfite in water solution was added followed by the pH adjustment to 1.5 to 2.5 with hydrochloric acid (15%). The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed twice with aqueous sodium chloride (1000 mL). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum and the resulting slurry granulated, filtered, and the cake washed with isopropanol. The product was dried under vacuo. 2: Hvdroxy-(2-oxo-4-[2-oxo-2-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-vl)-ethylsulfanyl)-3- Preparation phenvlacetvlamino-azetidin-1-yl)-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester Bromine (51 g) and methanol (270 mL) were combined followed by a dropwise 25 addition of a 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-ethanone (30 g) in methanol (30 mL) solution at 30°C. An aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was then added followed by methylene chloride (300 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layer washed twice with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (300 mL). The resulting organic layer was concentrated followed by the addition of acetone (600 mL) and para-toluene sulfonic acid (6 g). After heating to reflux for 2 hours, the reaction was cooled and (3-benzyl-7-oxo-4-thia-2,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl)-hydroxy-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (100 g) and an additional 2 para-toluene sulfonic acid (6 g) were charged. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours followed by a pH adjustment between 3 to 4 by using pyridine. The reaction was concentrated followed by the addition of water (180 mL), methylene chloride (600 mL) and hydrochloric acid (9 mL, 15%) to adjust the pH between 1 and 2. The layers were separated and the methylene chloride d splaced with methanol (600 mL). Isopropanol (300 mL) was added to complete the precipi iation and the resulting slurry was granulated, filtered and the cake washed with isopropanol. The product was dried under vacuo. Preparation 3: 7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-vl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicvclof4.2.01 oct-2-ene-2-carboxvlic ac d 4-nitro-benzyl ester 3) 35 Thionyl chloride (45 ml, 0.615 mol) was added dropwise to a solution of hydroxy-{2-oxo-4-[2-oxo-2-(tetrah\|ydrofuran-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-3-phenylacetylamino-azetidin-1-yl}-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (202 g, 0.362 mol) and 2,6-lutidine (58 ml, 0.500 mol) in dichloromethane (4 liters) at -20°C. After stirring for 1 hour, the solution was washed twice with saturated sodiurp chloride (1 liter) and concentrated. To the concentrated solution was added trimethylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran solution (110 ml, 3M, 330 mmol), the solution stirred for 1 hour, washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated sodium chloride. After stirring at reflux for 16 hours, the solution was washed with water and saturated sodium chloride. The Solution was concentrated and cooled to -40°C followed by a dropwise WO 02/46198 PCT/1B01/02225 addition of phosphorus pentachioride (104 g, 0.5 mol). a-Picoline (92 ml) in dichloromethane (60 ml) solution was added while maintaining the temperature between -40°C to 30°C. The mixture was stirred :or 1 hour followed by the addition of isopropanoi (660 ml). The reaction mixture was warmed to 22°C granulated, filtered and dried to give the title compound (250 g, 45%). Example 3 Allyl-7-(2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxvimino)-3-telrahvdrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicvclof4.2.01oct-2-ene-2-carboxv)ate, benzene sulphinic acid salt 10 2 preparatibn 1: Allvl-7-phenvlacetamido-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclof4.2.01-oct-;2-ene-2-carboxvlate To a 109-liter glass vessel was added toluene (47 liters) and allyl-2-tri-n-methy\|phosphororanylidene-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2 -ylcarbonyl-methylthio\|)azetidin-on-1yl)acetate (1990 g). The solution was purged with nitrogen and brought b reflux. Any water present was collected and the solution was refluxed for 20 hours. After sampling for TLC/HPLC analysis, the solution was cooled back to ambient temperature. The solution was then run through Silica Gel 60 (4.5 kg), with the silica being further eluted with additional toluene (33 liters). The toluene was then stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 60°C. Ethyl acetate was then added and was then stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 60°C. To the semi solid oil was added tert-butyl methyl ether (2.5 liters) and the solution stirred overnight. The crystalline product was filtered off and washed with further tert-butyl methyl ether (0.3 liters). The mother liquors were concentrated and resubjected to silica chromatography (dissolved in 5 liters of toluene, added onto silica, eluted with 15 liters of toluene) and crystallized in the same fashion to afford a second crop. The (product was isolated as a white crystalline solid. Yields range from 70% to 80%. WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225 10 Preparation 2: Allyl-2-tri-n-methylphosphoranvlidene-2-(3-phenvlacetamido-4-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl-methvlthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate The solution of al\|yl-2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl-methylthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate in tetrahydrofuran, which was obtained from Preparation 1 of Example 3, was further diluted with additional tetrahydrofuran (total tetrahydrofuran was 12 liters). The solution was cooled back to -20°C under nitrogen and 2,6-lutidene (654.0g, 6.09 moles) was added, followed by a dropwise addition of thionyl chloride (724.0g, 6.09 moles) at a maximum temperature of -20°C After a thirty minute stirring, the solution was allowed to warm to -10°C and sampled for TLC. The TIC showed that the starting material was converted into allyl-2-chloro-3-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl -methylthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate to completion. The precipitated compounds were then filtered off and washed further with tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran solution was then concentrated under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 30°C, redissolved in fresh tetrahydrofuran (6 liters) and cooled back to -10°C. After stirring overnight at ambient temperature, the solution was sampled for completion, diluted with ethyl acetate (35 liters) and washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate (20 liters) and 20% saturated sodium chloride (20 liters). The ethyl acetate was then stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 4Q°C to afford thick dark oil. The yields range from 88% to 90%. Preparation! 3: Allvl-2-hvdroxv-2-(,3-phenvlacetarr)ido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-vlcarbonvl-methvlthio)azetidin-on-1-vl")acetate To a 20-liter flask was added methylene chloride (10.0 liters), tetrahydrofuran (1.0 liter) and allyl 2-hydroxy-2-(3-benzyl-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one) acetate (2016 g, 6.05 moles). To this solution was added 45% aqueous para-toluene sulphonic acid solution (500.0 g). After a three hour stirring the solution was sampled for completion.with TLC. The solution was then transferred to a 50 liter glass separating vessel, and methylene chloride was added \|(5 liters) followed by water (2 liters). The separated organic phase was then washed with water (4 liters). The methylene chloride phase was then dried over sodium sulphate to afford a dry solution of allyi-2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-mercapto-azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate in methylene chloride that was then used without delay. To the above solution was added 86% of the solution of 2-bromoacetyltetrahydrofuran in methylene chloride (6.3 moles). The resultant solution was stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 30°C to 50% of its volume. Pyridine (503.1 g, 6.36 moles) was added at a maximum temperature of 10°C. The solution was stirred overnight, diluted with methylene chloride (10 liters) and washed twice with water (10 liters total) then once with saturated sodium chloride (10%, 10 liter). After drying over sodium sulphate, the solution was concentrated under (vacuo at a maximum temperature of 40°C to ensure dryness. The WO 02/46J 98 PCT/IBOl/02225 2 25 30 35 solution was redissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5 liter) for use in the next step. If storage was required, the tetrahydrofuran solution was stored and dried before use. Preparation: 4: 2-Bromoacetvltetrahvdrofuran To a 20-liter glass vessel was added methylene chloride (10.0 liters) followed by acetyltetrahydrofuran {838.0 g, 7.34 moles). The solution was then cooled back to -10°C and triethylamine was added (854.0g 8.44 moles). The vessel was purged with nitrogen and trimethylsilane triflate (1713.0 g, 7.71 moles) was added dropwise at a.maximum temperature of -8°C. Addition was typically complete in 45 minutes. After 15 minutes stirring, a sample was removed for TLC and GC analysis, which showed that the reaction was completed. N-bromosuccinimide (1340g, 7.53 moles) was added to the solution at a maximum temperature of -5°C over a period of approximately 45 minutes in six portions. After a 30 minute stirring, the solution was sampled for GC and TLC analysis, which showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was then transferred to a 50-liter separating vessel, and 5% sodium bicarbonate (5 liters) was added with caution. The solution was stirred and separated. The upper aqueous phase was discarded, and the methylene chloride phase was washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and stored in a freezer before use in the next step. Preparation 5: Allvl-2-hydroxv-2-(3-benzvl-4-thia-2.6-diazabicvclo[3.2.01hept-2-en-7-one)acetate To a 50-liter glass vessel was added methylene chloride (20.6 liters) followed by 3-benzyl-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one (1700 g, 7.79 moles). To this suspension was added allyl glyoxylate monohydrate (1285 g, 9.74 moles) followed by sufficient triethylamine (about 175 g) to bring the pH of the solution to 7.5-7.9. After a 1 hour stirring, the solution was sampled for TLC/HPLC analysis. Upon completion, the solution was quenched with 0.1 M of hydrochloric acid (2.75 liters) to a pH of 4.50-5.00. The upper aqueous phase Was discarded, and the methylene chloride phase was washed with water (8 liters) and saturated sodium chloride (8 liters). The solution was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated to a thick oil. The oil was dispersed in hexane (5 liters), filtered, and reslurried in tert-b[utyl methyl ether (5 liters) before filtration and washing with further tert-butyl methyl ether. Air prying afforded an off white crystalline product. Yields range from 72-99%. While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to certain particular embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations, charges, modifications, substitutions, deletions, or additions of procedures and protocols may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be defined by the scope of the claims that follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable. WE CLAIM-; 1. A process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin of formula 1: comprising reacting a compound of formula.(II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group CO2R1 is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt, and R2 has the formula: with a compound of formula (III) R2L (III) Wherein R2 is as defined above, and L is a di(Cl-6 alkyl) phosphorothioate, in the presence of a solvent and a base. 2. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (II) as described in claim 1, by reacting a compound of formula (IV) wherein R3 is piara-nitrobenzyl or allyl; and X is halo; with a suitable depreotecting agent; in the presence of a solvent. 3. A process as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (II) as described in claim 2. 4. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 3 where L is diethylphosphorothioate. 5. A process as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4 where the base is sodium hydroxide. 6. A process as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4 wherein the solvent is acetone. 7. A process as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein said X is chloro. 8. A process as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 7, wherein R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. 9. A process as claimed in claim 2,3 7 or 8, wherein said deprotecting agent is sodium dithionate or a catalytic hydrogenating ageiit; Dated this 7th day of May, 2003 (VINEET ROHILLA) OF REMFRY & SAGAR ATTORNEY FOR THE APPLICANTS

Full Text

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
[39 OF 1970]
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [See Section 10; Rule 13]
"A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 3-CYCLIC-ETHER-SUBSTITUTED CEPHALOSPORIN"
PFIZER PRODUCTS INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the laws of the State of Connecticut, United States of America, of Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States of America,
The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:-

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins of formula 1.
This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosphorins. The invention also relates to novel process for preparing zwitterions, para-nitrobenzyl esters and allyl esters useful in the preparation of the above cephalosporins. The invention also relates to 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins. These compounds possess certain advantageous properties, such as crystalline form and high enantiomeric excess (e.e.)
The 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins prepared by the methods of the present invention have prolonged and high levels of antibacterial activity and posses good absorption parentally in humans and animals. The 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins prepared by the processes of the present invention contain a cyclic ether substituent at carbon 3 of the cephalosporin nucleus.
GB 1405758 describes alternative methods of preparation of certain 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins.
J. Antibiotics (1994), vol. 47(2), page 253, and WO 92/01696 also described alternative methods of preparation of compounds of formula I, as defined herein below, and compounds useful in said processes.

1
United States Patents No. 6,020,329 and 6,077,952 describe salts, polymorphs, solvates and hydrates of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins.
United States Patent No. 6,001,997 describes alternative methods of preparations of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins.
United States Provisional Patent Application entitled "Process and Ester derivatives useful for preparation of Cephalosporins", filed November 30, 2000, refers to intermediates and processes to prepare 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins.
Each of the above referenced publications, patents and patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present inventors have discovered a novel compound of formula I, as defined herein below. The present inventors have also discovered a high-yielding process for the preparation of said compounds of formula I.

WO 02/46198

PCT/1B01/02225

Summary of the Invention The present invention relates " to a process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin of the formula I

5 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
wherein
the group cO2R1 is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt; and R2 has a formula:

10 wherein
A1 is C6-10arylC1-10heteroaryl or C1-10heterocyclyl;
A2 is hydrogen, Chalky!, C3.l0cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C1-6alkyl(CO)(C1-6)alkyl-0-
HO(CO)(C1-6)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di(C6-10aryl)(1-6alkyl) or
tri-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkill);
comprising reacting
a compound of formula II

with a compound: of the formula III

(III)
R2L
20 wherein R2 is as defined above, and L is a leaving group, in the presence of a solvent and a base. Optionally, the aforesaid process may be performed in the presence of a coupling agent and a catalyst.
Preferably, the group OA2 of said compounds of formula III is cis to the amide linkage,
i.e., the Z-configurati6n is preferred.

WO 02/46198 PCT/IB01/02225

Suitable solvents for the aforesaid process of conversion of compounds of formula II into compounds of formula I of the invention include water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethaethane mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran. In another embodiment of the invention, the solvent is ethyl acetate. Preferebly, the solvent is water, acetone or mixtures thereof. More preferably the solvent is a mixture of acetone and water. Most preferably the solvent is a 1.3:1 mixture of acetone and water.
Suitable bases for the aforesaid conversion of the invention include diisopropylethylamihe or sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the base is sodium hydroxide, most . preferably 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Suitable coupling agents for the aforesaid conversion of the invention include
N.N"-diethylcarbodiirnide, N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide,
N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethyiamino)propyl]carbodiimide,
N.N"-carbonyldiimidbzole or N.N"-carbonyldithiazole. A preferred coupling agent is N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the
absence of any coupling agents.
Suitable catalysts fo.r the aforesaid conversion of the invention include Lewis acids.
Suitable Lewis acids are selected from the group consisting of boron trihalide, such as boron

20 tribromide, and aldminum halide, such as aluminum chloride. Preferably, the aforesaid
conversion is conducted in the absepce of any catalysts.
i
The aforesaid conversion of the invention can be conducted at a temperature of
about -40°C to about +30CC, preferably about +20°C to about +30°C. The aforesaid process
can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours; preferably about 3 hours. Suitable leaving groups L of the aforesaid compound of formula III of the aforesaid
conversion include hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate,
(C6-10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryr)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate,
di-(C6-10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl,
mono-(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkylXC6-10aryl)sulfonyl, (C1-6alkyl)-(CO)_S-,
30 cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl.
In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L
of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo and
azido.
i
in another embodiment o1 the aloTesaid conversion ol the invention, the ieaving group
L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of
mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6-10aryl)carboxylate,

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di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate
and
mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylatel di(C1-6alkyl)(phosphorothioate.
In yet anotper embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl and (C1-6alkyl)-(CO)-S-.
In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula HI is selected from the group consisting of cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy and N-oxy-succinimidyl.
In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of halo, methanesulfonyl, diethylphosphorothioate and 3-benzthiazolyloxy.
In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, more preferably diethylphosphorothioate.
The present invention also relates to an alternative process for the preparation of the above 3-cyclic ether-substituted cephalosporin of the formula I, or the pharmaceutical^ acceptable salts thereof, comprising reacting a compound of formula V

20 wherein
R2 has the formula

wherein
A1 is C6-10aryl,C1-10heteroaryl or C1-10heterocyclyl;
A2 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C1-6alkyl)CO)C1-6alkyl-O-,
HO(CO)(C^)alkyl, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl), di-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl) or
tri-(C6-10aryl)C1-6alkyl); and
R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl, preferably allyl;
with a suitable deprotecting agent in the presence of a solvent.

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The term "alkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydroca"rbon radicals having straight, branched moieties or combinations thereof, alkyl groups, wherever they occur, may be optionally substituted by a suitable substituent.
The term "cycloalkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes a mono or 5 bicyclic carbocyclic ring (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, , bicyclo[2.2.1)heptenyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl and bicyclo[5.2.0]nonanyl, etc.); optionally containing 1or 2 double bonds and optionally substituted by 1 to 3 suitable substituents as defined below such as fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, (C1-4alkoxy, (C6-10)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or
(C1-4alkyl, more preferably fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl and methoxy.
The term "alkoxy", as used herein, includes O-alkyl groups wherein "alkyl" is as defined above.
The term "halo", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes fiuorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably bromine or chlorine.
The term "aryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical
derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of one or more hydrogen(s), such as phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 suitable substituents such as fluoro, chloro, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C1-6alkoxy, (C6-10)aryloxy, (C3-6)cycloalkyloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C1-6alkyl.
20 The term "heteroaryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an
organic radical derived from an aromatic heterocyclic compound by removal of one or more hydrogen(s), such as benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl, 2H-1-benzopyranyl, benzothiadiazine, benzothiazinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, furazanyl, furopyridinyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl,
20 3H-indolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyi, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl and triazolyl, wherein said (C1-10heteroaryl is optionally substituted on any of the ring carbon atoms capable of forming an additional bond by one or two substituents
30 independently selected from F, CI, Br, CN, OH, (Chalky!, (C1-4perfluoroalkyl, (C1-4perfluoroalkoxy, (C1-4)alkoxy and (C3-6)cycloalkyloxy. The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For instance, a group derived from pyrrole can be pyrrol-i-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached).
3 5 The term "heterocyclyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an
organic radical derived from a non-aromatic heterocyclic compound by removal of one or more hydrogens, such as 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]-heptanyl, azetidinyl,

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dihydrofuranyt, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyI, hexahydroazepinyl, hexahydropyrimidine, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyi, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazdlidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, quinolizinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, ; 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl and trithianyl. The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For example, a group derived from piperidine can be piperidin-1-yl (N-attached) or piperidin-4-yl (C-attached). The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, can be optionally substituted 10 where such is possible by a suitable substituent, such as oxo, F, CI, Br, CN, OH, (C1-4)alkyl, . (C1-4)perfluoroalkyl, (C1-4)perfluoroalkexy, (C1-4)aikoxy, or (C3-6)cycioalkyloxy.
The phrase| "a suitable substituent" is intended to mean a chemically and pharmaceutically acceptable functional group "i.e., a moiety that does not negate the inhibitory activity of the inventive compounds. Such suitable substituents may be routinely selected by 15 those skilled in the art. Illustrative examples of suitable substituents include, but are not limited to halo groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, perfluoroalkoxy groups, alky! groups, hydroxy groups, oxo groups, mercapto groups, alkylthio groups, alkoxy groups, aryl or heteroaryl groups, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups aralkyl or heteroaralkyl groups, aralkoxy or heteroaralkoxy groups, carboxy groups, amino groups, alkyl- and diaikyiamino groups, carbamoyl groups, alkylcarbonyl
20 groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, alkylaminocarbonyl groups, diaikyiamino carbonyl groups,
aryicarbonyl groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, alkylsulfonyl groups, arylsulfonyl groups and the
like.
The term "carboxylate salt", as used herein, includes metal salts (such as aluminium, alkali metal salts, such as sodium or potassium, preferably sodium), alkaline earth metal salts (such as calcium on magnesium), and ammonium salts. The ammonium salts can be substituted with C1-6alkylamines (such as triethylamine), hydroxy-(C1-6)alkylamines (such as 2-hydroxyethylamine: bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine), cycloalkylamines puch as dicyciohexylamine), procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, 1-ephenamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine,
30 N-benzyl-p-phenethylimine, dehydroabietylamine, N.N"-bis-dehydro-abietylamine,
ethylenediamine, or pyridine-type bases (such as pyridine, collidine or quinoline), or other amines which have been used to form salts with known penicillins and 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalospprins. Other useful salts include the lithium salt and silver salt. Salts within compounds :of formula I can be prepared by salt exchange in conventional manner.
35 The term "active compounds", as used herein, refers to compounds of formula I.
Compounds of formula I contain chiral centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. This invention relates to all optical isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers

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and stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I and mixtures thereof. The compounds of the invention also exist in different tautomeric forms. This invention relates to all tautomers of formula I. Those skilled in the art are well aware that the cephalosporin nucleus exists as a mixture of tautomers in solution. The various ratios of the tautomers in solid and liquid form is dependent on the various substituents on the molecule as well as the particular crystallization technique used to isolate a compound.
Preferably, the group OA2 of said compounds of formula III is cis to the amide linkage, i.e., the Z-configuration is preferred.
Suitable deprotecting agents for the aforesaid process of conversion of compounds of 10 formula V into compounds of formula I of the invention include sodium dithionite or tetrakis triphenyi phosphine palladium (0).
Suitable solvents for the aforesaid conversion include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment of the invention, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran. In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the.invention, the solvent is methylene chloride.
The aforesaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45oC. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours.
3
20
In one embpdiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within, this embodiment, suitab y the deprotecting agent is sodium dithionite. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about 40°C. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid process is conducted for about 4 hours.
25
In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is allyl. Within this embodiment, the preferred deprotecting agent is tetrakis triphenyi phosphine palladium (0). Within this embodiment, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 35°C; preferably about 27°C to about 30°C. Within this embodiment, preferably the aforesaid process is conducted for about 5 hours.
30

The present invention also includes a process for the preparation of the above compound of formuie II comprising reacting a compound of formula IV

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25
30
35

wherein R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl, preferably para-nitrobenzyl; and X is halo, preferably chloro; with a suitable deprotecting agent; in the presence of a solvent.
Suitable solvents for the process of conversion of compounds of formula IV into compounds of formula II of the invention include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent is acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent is a mixture of acetone and water. More preferably, the solvent is a 3:1 mixture of acetone and water.
Suitable deprotecting agents for the aforesaid conversion include sodium dithionite, catalytic hydrogensting agent (such as hydrogen gas over 10% palladium over carbon) or tetrakis triphenyl phDsphine palladium (0).
The afdresaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about
45°C. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24
hours.
In the preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within this embodiment, the preferred deprotecting agent is sodium dithionite. Preferably, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 45°c; Preferably, the aforesaid process is conducted at a temperature of about 1 hour.
In another embodiment of the invention, R3 is allyl. Within this embodiment, suitably the deprotecting agent is tetrakis triphenyl phosphine palladium (0). Suitable solvents include methylene chloride and tetrahydrofuran. The aforesaid process can be conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 35°C.
The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the above
compound of formula V comprising reacting the above compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is
para-nitrobenzyl ior alllyl; preferably allyl; and X is halo; preferably chloro; with a compound of
the formula HI, as defined above, in the presence of a solvent. Optionally, the aforesaid
process can be conducted in the presence of an optional coupling agent or an optional
catalyst.
Suitable solvents for the aforesaid conversion of compounds of formula IV into compounds of formula V include methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, a coupling agent is
used. Within this embodiment, suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide,
N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide, N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,
N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N.N"-carbonyldiimidazole or
N,N"-carbonyldithiazole. A preferred coupling agent is N,N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absence of any coupling agents.
In another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, a catalyst is used. Within this embodiment, the catalyst can be a Lewis acid. Suitable Lewis acids are

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boron trihalide, such as boron tribromide, or aluminum halide, such as aluminum chloride. Preferably, the aforesaid conversion is conducted in the absence of any catalysts.
The aforesaid conversion may be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about +40°C. The aforesaid conversion may be conducted for a period of from about 1 hour to about 24 hours.
In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, R3 is para-nitrobenzyl. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about +20°C to about +30°C. Within this embodiment, suitably the aforesaid conversion is conducted for about 3 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, R3 is allyl.
Within this embodiment, preferably the solvent is methylene chloride. Within this" embodiment, preferably the aforesaid conversion is conducted at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C. Within this embodiment, preferably the aforesaid conversion is conducted for about 24 hours.
15 Suitably the leaving group L of the compound of formula III in the aforesaid
conversion of the! invention includes hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate,
(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1.6alkyl)carboxylate,
di-(C6.10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylatel di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-
(C1-6alkylX C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl( (C1-6alkyl(CO-S-,
20 cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl.
In one embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of[ formula III is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo and azido.
In another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group
25 L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of
mono(C1-6alkyl)carbolnate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate,
mono-{C1-6aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di-(C6.10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate and
di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorpthioate. i In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving
30 group L of the cojmpound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of
(C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di-(C1-6alkyl)(C6.10aryl)sulfonyl and
(C1-6alkyl)-(CO)-S-.
In yet anothef embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving
group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of
cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy and N-oxy-succinimidyl.

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In yet another embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula III is selected from the group consisting of halo, methanesulfonyl, diethylphosphorothioate and 3-benzthiazolyloxy.
In a preferred embodiment of the aforesaid conversion of the invention, the leaving group L of the compound of formula HI is mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate. more preferably acetate.
The present invention also relates to a compound of formula I!

11

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula II has an enantiomeric or diastereomeric purity of 96% to 100%; preferably 97%.
The present invention also relates to a compound of formula V

i

wherein R2 is as defined above; and R3 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; preferably allyl.
In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula V has an enantiomeric or diastereomeric purity of 96% to 100%; preferably 97%.
In generic or sub-generic embodiments of each of the foregoing embodiments, the A1
moiety of said R2 is C6-10aryl, such as phenyl. In other generic or sub-generic embodiments of
the invention, the A1 moiety of said R2 is C1-10heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of
furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, aminothiazolyl and aminothiadiazolyl, in which the amino moiety of said
aminothiazolyl or aminothiadiazolyl is optionally protected. In other generic or sub-generic
embodiments of the invention, the A1 moiety of said R2 is C1-10heterocyclyl; such as
3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]-heptany|, azetidinyl, dihydrofuranyl,
dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyl, hexahydroazepinyl,
hexahydropyrimidinel imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl,
piperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine,
2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrolinyl, quinolizinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl.
1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrjdinyl, tetrahydrothieoyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl or trithianyl. Preferably the A1 moiety of said R2 is aminothiazolyl.

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2
In other generic or sub-generic embodiments of the invention, the A moiety of said R2 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes each of the foregoing generic and sub-generic embodiments wherein the A2 moiety of said R2 is C1-6alkyl, more preferably methyl.
In a preferred embodiment of each of the foregoing generic and sub-generic embodiments the invention, a compound of the formula III has a formula Ilia

wherein L is a leaving group, such as halo, methanesulfonyl, dialkylphosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate or 3-benzthiazolyloxy.
In a most preferred embodiment of each of the foregoing embodiments of the invention, a compound of the formula III has a formula IlIa, as defined above, wherein L is diethylphosphorothioate or acetate.
The optional conversion of R2 to a different R2 and the optional formation of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, can be carried out using methods well known in the art.
In the processes described hereinabove and hereinbelow, it may be necessary to , remove protecting groups. Deprotection can be carried out by any convenient method known in the art such that unwanted side reactions are minimized. Separation of unwanted by-products can be carried out using standard methods known to those skilled in the art (for example, see "Protection of the Amino Group", in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.G. M. Wuts, Ed., Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1991, pp. 309-405).
The present invention also relates to a method of using a zwitterion intermediate for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The process of the present invention and the preparation of the compound of the present invention are illustrated in the following reaction schemes. Except where otherwise indicated, in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow, substituents R1, R2, R3, L, A1, A2 and X are as defined above unless otherwise described.

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SCHEME 3

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15
2)
35

Scheme 1 refers to the preparation of compounds of formula I. Referring to Scheme 1, a compound of formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula II with a compound of formula III
R2-L (III);
wherein L is a leaving group, in the presence of a base and a solvent.
Suitable leaving groups include hydroxy, halo, azido, mono(C1-6alkyl)carbonate, (C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, (C6.10aryl)carboxylate, mono-(C6-10aryl)(C1-6alkyl)carboxy)ate, di-(C6. 10aryl)C1-6alkyl)carboxylate, di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, mono-(C1-6alkyl)( C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, di(C1-6alkyl)(C6-10aryl)sulfonyl, (C1-6alkyl)CO)-S-, cyano-C1-6alkoxy, C6-10aryloxy, 3-benzthiazolyloxy, 8-quinolinyloxy or N-oxy-succinimidyl. Preferably, the leaving group is di(C1-6alkyl)phosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate.
Suitable bases include diisopropylethylarnine or sodium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, most preferably 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Suitable solvents include water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, or mixtures thereof; preferably a mixture of water and acetone, most preferably a mixture of 1:1.3 of water and acetone.
The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about 30°C; preferably about 20°C to about 30°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, preferably for about 3 hours.
Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be effected in the presence of an acid binding agent, for example a tertiary amine (such as triethylamine), pyridine (such as 2,6-lutidine or 4-dimethyiaminopyridine), or dimethylaniline. Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can also be carried out in the presence of molecular sieves, an inorganic base (such as calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate) or an oxirane, which binds the hydrogen gas liberated in the aforesaid reaction. The oxirane is preferably C1-6alkyl-1,2-alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a coupling
agent. Suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide, N,N"-dipropyl carbodiimide,
N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,
N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N,N"-carbonyldiimidazole, and
N,N"-carbonyldithiazole. Preferably, the coupling agent is N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide. Preferably the reactiori is conducted in the absence of any couplings agents.
Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Suitable catalysts include a Lewis acid, such as boron trihalide or aluminum halide. Preferably the reaction is conducted in the absence of any catalysts.

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The compound of formula III can be prepared by methods known in the art. Suitable methods include those described, for example, in U.K. Patent No. 2 107 307 B, U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,536,281 and U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,508,064. Preferably, the compound of formula III (i.e. R2L), wherein R2 has a formula:

wherein A1 is 2-aminothiazol-4-yl, A2 is methyl, and L is (C1-6alkyl)sulfonyl, such as methylsulfonyl, or di(C1-6alky!)phosphorothioate, such as diethylphosphorothioate, can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula lllb

with (C1-6alkyl)sulfonylhalide, such as methanesulfonylchloride, or di(C1-6alkyl)thiophosphonic acid, such as djethylthiophoshonic acid.
Most areferably, the compound of formula III is
diethylthiophoshoryl-[Z]-2-aminotihiazol-4-yl-methoxylamino (DAMA), which can be prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Patent No. 5,567,813 and EP 628561.
Scheme 2 refers to the preparation of a compound of formula II. Referring to Scheme 2, a compound of formula II can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is preferablypara-nitrobenzyl ester; and X is preferably chloro; with a suitable deprotecting agent in a solvent. I
Suitable deprotecting agents include sodium dithionite or a catalytic hydrogenating agent, such as hydrogen gas over 10% palladium on carbon.
Suitable solvents include acetone,. water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. Preferably the solvent is a mixture of 3:1 acetoneand water.
The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45°C, preferably about,45°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about hour to about 24 hours, preferably from about 1 nour.
A compbund of formula IV can be prepared by various synthetic methods such as those described in the United States Provisional Patent Application entitled "Process and Ester Derivatives Useful For Preparation of Cephalosporins", filed November 30, 2000.

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Scheme 3 refers to an alternative process of preparation of a compound of formula I. Referring to Scheme 3, a compound of formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula V, wherein R3 is preferably allyl; with a suitable deprotecting agent in a solvent.
. Suitable deprotecting agents include sodium dithionite or tetrakis triphenyl phosphine
palladium (0). j
Suitable solvents include acetone, water, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or mixtures thereof. Preferably the solvent is methylene chloride.
The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 45°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 10 hours.
A compound of formula V can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula IV, wherein R3 is preferably allyi; and X is preferably chloro; with a compound of formula HI
| R2-L (III)
in a solvent.
15 Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include methylene chloride,
tetrahydrofuran or mjxtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent is methylene chloride.
Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a coupling
agent. Suitable coupling agents include N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dipropyl carbodiimide,
N.N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N.N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiirnide,
20 N-ethyl-N"-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, N.N"-carbonyldiimidazole, or
N.N"-carbonyldithiazole. Preferably, the coupling agent is N.N"-diethylcarbodiimide.
Preferably the aforesaid reaction is conducted without any coupling agents.
Optionally, the aforesaid reaction can be conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Suitable catalysts include a Lewis acid, such as boron trihalide or aluminum halide. Preferably 25 the aforesaid reactiorj is conducted without any catalysts.
The aforesaid reaction can be conducted at a temperature of about -40°C to about +40°C, preferably about +20°C to about +40°C. The aforesaid reaction can be conducted for a period from about 1 hour to about 24 hours; preferably about 24 hours.
A compound ]of formula IV can be prepared as described above in the description for 30 Scheme 2.
Compounds of this invention can be crystallized or recrystallized from solvents such
as organic solvents. In such cases solvates can be formed. This invention includes within its
scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable
amounts of water that can be produced by processes such as lyophilization.
35 The compounds of formula (1) are useful for the preparation of a
3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin, i.e., the active compound. The active compound possesses activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Methods for assaying

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the activity and Methods for formulating and administering the active compounds are disclosed in United States Patent No. 6,020,329, issued February 1, 2000. Methods of treatments areialso described in the aforesaid patent.
The following Examples illustrate the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Melting points are uncorrected. NMR data are reported in parts per million (ppm) and are referenced to the deuterium lock signal from the sample solvent (deuteriachloroform unless otherwise specified). Commercial reagents were utilized without further purification. Room or ambient temperature refers to 20°C to 25°C. All non-aqueous reactions were run under a nitrogen atmosphere for convenience and to maximize yields. Concentration at reduced pressure means that a rotary evaporator was used. TLC stands for thin liquid chromatography. HPLC standsJor high pressure liquid chromatography. GC stands for gas chromatography.
Example 1 Sodium 7-(2-(2-arninothiazol-4-vl)-2-methoxvimino)-3-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-

15METHOD A: FROM 7-AMINO-8-OXO-3-(TETRAHYDROFURAN-2-YL)-5-THlA-1-AZA-B)CYCLO[4.2.0)OCTA-1 (6)2.4-TRIENE-2-CARBOXYL)C ACID.
7-Aminor8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2-carboxylic acid (20 g, 75 mmol), water (300 ml), acetone (400 ml), and a mixture of (Z)-2-amino-α-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleacetic acid anhydride and O.O-diethyl hydrogenphosphorothioate (27 g, 1.06 equivalents) were combined to form a slurry. The pH of the slurry was adjusted to between 7 to 7.5 by using aqueous sodium hydroxide. After complete dissolution was obtained, the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The product was precipitated by the addition of acetone (3200 mL). The resulting slurry was granulated, filtered, and dried uncjer vacuo to give the title compound (29.0 g, 80%).

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METHOD B FROM ALLY-7-(2-(2-AMlNOTHlAZOL-4-YLV2-METHOXYlMINOl3-TETRAHYDROFURAN-2-YLV8-OXO-5-THIA-1-AZA-BlCYCLOf4.2.01OCT-2-ENE-2-CARBOXYLATE. BENZENE SULPHINIC ACID SALT

To a 10-liter glass vessel was charged methylene chloride (4.50-liters") followed by tetrakis(triphenylphospine) palladium (9.0 g, 7.8 mmoles) in nitrogen atmosphere. Triphenyfphosphine (1.0 g, 3.8 mmoles) was added and stirred into the solution. Allyl-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino)-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia -1-aza-bicyclo[4:.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, benzene sulphinic acid salt (225.0g, 354 mmoles) was charged and warmed to 27-30°C. The reaction was monitored by HPLC, and further additions of catalyst was made as required. On completion, the solid product was filtered and washed twice with methylene chloride (700 m) total). The yellow to tan product was then air dried to achieve a constant weight before storage in a freezer. The yields range from 49-110.1%.
Example 2 7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-yl-5-thia-1-a2a-bicvcloI4.2.01octa-1(6)-2,4-triene-2-
carboxylic acid

7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene
-2-carboxylic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (20 g, 54 mmol), water (30 ml) and acetone (90 ml) were combined to form a slurry. The pH of the slurry was adjusted to 7 by using aqueous ammonia solution (15%). To the resulting solution was added sodium hydrosulfite (32 g, 3.8 equiv.) in water (40 mL) solution. The pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 7 by using aqueous ammonia (15%) while maintaining the temperature between 40°C to 45°C. After stirring for 1 hour at 45°C, the pH was re-adjusted to 3.5 with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (15%). Thej resulting slurry was granulated, filtered and dried to afford the title compound (11.3 g, 80%).
Preparation 1: (3-Benzvl-7-oxo-4-thia-2.6-diaza-bicvclo[3.2.01hept-2-en-6-yl)-hydroxv-acetic acid-4-nitro-behzvl ester
Isopropariol (|500 mL), methylene chloride (1800 mL) and (1R)-(4-nitrophenyl)methyl ester-a,1-methylethyl|dene)-7-oxo-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo{3.2.0]hept-2-ene
I

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-6-acetic acid (250 g) were combined and the reaction mixture cooled at -70°C. To the cooled reaction.mixture, ozone was bubbled until the ozonolysis was completed. To the resulting solution, a mixture [of glacial acetic acid (625 mL) and isopropanol (750 ml) was added followed by a mixture of isopropanol (100 mL), water (100 mL) and sodium borohydride (22 g). After the reduct on was completed, a sodium metabisulfite in water solution was added followed by the pH adjustment to 1.5 to 2.5 with hydrochloric acid (15%). The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed twice with aqueous sodium chloride (1000 mL). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum and the resulting slurry granulated, filtered, and the cake washed with isopropanol. The product was dried under vacuo.
2: Hvdroxy-(2-oxo-4-[2-oxo-2-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-vl)-ethylsulfanyl)-3-

Preparation
phenvlacetvlamino-azetidin-1-yl)-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester

Bromine (51

g) and methanol (270 mL) were combined followed by a dropwise

25
addition of a 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-ethanone (30 g) in methanol (30 mL) solution at 30°C. An aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was then added followed by methylene chloride (300 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layer washed twice with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (300 mL). The resulting organic layer was concentrated followed by the addition of acetone (600 mL) and para-toluene sulfonic acid (6 g). After heating to reflux for 2 hours, the reaction was cooled and (3-benzyl-7-oxo-4-thia-2,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl)-hydroxy-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (100 g) and an additional 2 para-toluene sulfonic acid (6 g) were charged. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours followed by a pH adjustment between 3 to 4 by using pyridine. The reaction was concentrated followed by the addition of water (180 mL), methylene chloride (600 mL) and hydrochloric acid (9 mL, 15%) to adjust the pH between 1 and 2. The layers were separated and the methylene chloride d splaced with methanol (600 mL). Isopropanol (300 mL) was added to complete the precipi iation and the resulting slurry was granulated, filtered and the cake washed with isopropanol. The product was dried under vacuo.
Preparation 3: 7-Amino-8-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-vl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicvclof4.2.01 oct-2-ene-2-carboxvlic ac d 4-nitro-benzyl ester
3)
35
Thionyl chloride (45 ml, 0.615 mol) was added dropwise to a solution of hydroxy-{2-oxo-4-[2-oxo-2-(tetrah|ydrofuran-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-3-phenylacetylamino-azetidin-1-yl}-acetic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester (202 g, 0.362 mol) and 2,6-lutidine (58 ml, 0.500 mol) in dichloromethane (4 liters) at -20°C. After stirring for 1 hour, the solution was washed twice with saturated sodiurp chloride (1 liter) and concentrated. To the concentrated solution was added trimethylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran solution (110 ml, 3M, 330 mmol), the solution stirred for 1 hour, washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated sodium chloride. After stirring at reflux for 16 hours, the solution was washed with water and saturated sodium chloride. The Solution was concentrated and cooled to -40°C followed by a dropwise

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addition of phosphorus pentachioride (104 g, 0.5 mol). a-Picoline (92 ml) in dichloromethane
(60 ml) solution was added while maintaining the temperature between -40°C to 30°C. The
mixture was stirred :or 1 hour followed by the addition of isopropanoi (660 ml). The reaction
mixture was warmed to 22°C granulated, filtered and dried to give the title compound (250 g,
45%).
Example 3
Allyl-7-(2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxvimino)-3-telrahvdrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicvclof4.2.01oct-2-ene-2-carboxv)ate, benzene sulphinic acid salt

10

2

preparatibn 1: Allvl-7-phenvlacetamido-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclof4.2.01-oct-;2-ene-2-carboxvlate
To a 109-liter glass vessel was added toluene (47 liters) and
allyl-2-tri-n-methy|phosphororanylidene-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2
-ylcarbonyl-methylthio|)azetidin-on-1yl)acetate (1990 g). The solution was purged with
nitrogen and brought b reflux. Any water present was collected and the solution was refluxed
for 20 hours. After sampling for TLC/HPLC analysis, the solution was cooled back to ambient
temperature. The solution was then run through Silica Gel 60 (4.5 kg), with the silica being
further eluted with additional toluene (33 liters). The toluene was then stripped under vacuo
at a maximum temperature of 60°C. Ethyl acetate was then added and was then stripped
under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 60°C. To the semi solid oil was added tert-butyl
methyl ether (2.5 liters) and the solution stirred overnight. The crystalline product was filtered
off and washed with further tert-butyl methyl ether (0.3 liters). The mother liquors were
concentrated and resubjected to silica chromatography (dissolved in 5 liters of toluene, added
onto silica, eluted with 15 liters of toluene) and crystallized in the same fashion to afford a
second crop. The (product was isolated as a white crystalline solid. Yields range from 70% to
80%.

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10

Preparation 2: Allyl-2-tri-n-methylphosphoranvlidene-2-(3-phenvlacetamido-4-(tetrahvdrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl-methvlthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate
The solution of al|yl-2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl-methylthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate in tetrahydrofuran, which was obtained from Preparation 1 of Example 3, was further diluted with additional tetrahydrofuran (total tetrahydrofuran was 12 liters). The solution was cooled back to -20°C under nitrogen and 2,6-lutidene (654.0g, 6.09 moles) was added, followed by a dropwise addition of thionyl chloride (724.0g, 6.09 moles) at a maximum temperature of -20°C After a thirty minute stirring, the solution was allowed to warm to -10°C and sampled for TLC. The TIC showed that the starting material was converted into allyl-2-chloro-3-(3-phenylacetamido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl -methylthio)azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate to completion. The precipitated compounds were then filtered off and washed further with tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran solution was then concentrated under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 30°C, redissolved in fresh tetrahydrofuran (6 liters) and cooled back to -10°C. After stirring overnight at ambient temperature, the solution was sampled for completion, diluted with ethyl acetate (35 liters) and washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate (20 liters) and 20% saturated sodium chloride (20 liters). The ethyl acetate was then stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 4Q°C to afford thick dark oil. The yields range from 88% to 90%.
Preparation! 3: Allvl-2-hvdroxv-2-(,3-phenvlacetarr)ido-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-vlcarbonvl-methvlthio)azetidin-on-1-vl")acetate
To a 20-liter flask was added methylene chloride (10.0 liters), tetrahydrofuran (1.0 liter) and allyl 2-hydroxy-2-(3-benzyl-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one) acetate (2016 g, 6.05 moles). To this solution was added 45% aqueous para-toluene sulphonic acid solution (500.0 g). After a three hour stirring the solution was sampled for completion.with TLC. The solution was then transferred to a 50 liter glass separating vessel, and methylene chloride was added |(5 liters) followed by water (2 liters). The separated organic phase was then washed with water (4 liters). The methylene chloride phase was then dried over sodium sulphate to afford a dry solution of allyi-2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylacetamido-4-mercapto-azetidin-on-1-yl)acetate in methylene chloride that was then used without delay. To the above solution was added 86% of the solution of 2-bromoacetyltetrahydrofuran in methylene chloride (6.3 moles). The resultant solution was stripped under vacuo at a maximum temperature of 30°C to 50% of its volume. Pyridine (503.1 g, 6.36 moles) was added at a maximum temperature of 10°C. The solution was stirred overnight, diluted with methylene chloride (10 liters) and washed twice with water (10 liters total) then once with saturated sodium chloride (10%, 10 liter). After drying over sodium sulphate, the solution was concentrated under (vacuo at a maximum temperature of 40°C to ensure dryness. The

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2
25
30
35

solution was redissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5 liter) for use in the next step. If storage was required, the tetrahydrofuran solution was stored and dried before use.
Preparation: 4: 2-Bromoacetvltetrahvdrofuran
To a 20-liter glass vessel was added methylene chloride (10.0 liters) followed by acetyltetrahydrofuran {838.0 g, 7.34 moles). The solution was then cooled back to -10°C and triethylamine was added (854.0g 8.44 moles). The vessel was purged with nitrogen and trimethylsilane triflate (1713.0 g, 7.71 moles) was added dropwise at a.maximum temperature of -8°C. Addition was typically complete in 45 minutes. After 15 minutes stirring, a sample was removed for TLC and GC analysis, which showed that the reaction was completed. N-bromosuccinimide (1340g, 7.53 moles) was added to the solution at a maximum temperature of -5°C over a period of approximately 45 minutes in six portions. After a 30 minute stirring, the solution was sampled for GC and TLC analysis, which showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was then transferred to a 50-liter separating vessel, and 5% sodium bicarbonate (5 liters) was added with caution. The solution was stirred and separated. The upper aqueous phase was discarded, and the methylene chloride phase was washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and stored in a freezer before use in the next step.
Preparation 5: Allvl-2-hydroxv-2-(3-benzvl-4-thia-2.6-diazabicvclo[3.2.01hept-2-en-7-one)acetate
To a 50-liter glass vessel was added methylene chloride (20.6 liters) followed by 3-benzyl-4-thia-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one (1700 g, 7.79 moles). To this suspension was added allyl glyoxylate monohydrate (1285 g, 9.74 moles) followed by sufficient triethylamine (about 175 g) to bring the pH of the solution to 7.5-7.9. After a 1 hour stirring, the solution was sampled for TLC/HPLC analysis. Upon completion, the solution was quenched with 0.1 M of hydrochloric acid (2.75 liters) to a pH of 4.50-5.00. The upper aqueous phase Was discarded, and the methylene chloride phase was washed with water (8 liters) and saturated sodium chloride (8 liters). The solution was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated to a thick oil. The oil was dispersed in hexane (5 liters), filtered, and reslurried in tert-b[utyl methyl ether (5 liters) before filtration and washing with further tert-butyl methyl ether. Air prying afforded an off white crystalline product. Yields range from 72-99%.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to certain particular embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations, charges, modifications, substitutions, deletions, or additions of procedures and protocols may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be defined by the scope of the claims that follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

WE CLAIM-;
1. A process for the preparation of a 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporin of formula 1:

comprising reacting a compound of formula.(II)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group CO2R1 is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate salt, and R2 has the formula:

with a compound of formula (III)
R2L (III)

Wherein R2 is as defined above, and L is a di(Cl-6 alkyl) phosphorothioate, in the presence of a solvent and a base. 2. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (II) as described in claim 1, by reacting a compound of formula (IV)

wherein R3 is piara-nitrobenzyl or allyl; and X is halo; with a suitable depreotecting agent; in the presence of a solvent.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (II) as described in claim 2.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 3 where L is diethylphosphorothioate.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4 where the base is sodium hydroxide.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4 wherein the solvent is acetone.
7. A process as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein said X is chloro.
8. A process as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 7, wherein R3 is para-nitrobenzyl.

9. A process as claimed in claim 2,3 7 or 8, wherein said deprotecting agent is sodium dithionate or a catalytic hydrogenating ageiit;

Dated this

7th

day of May,

2003

(VINEET ROHILLA)
OF REMFRY & SAGAR ATTORNEY FOR THE APPLICANTS

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Patent Number

216024

Indian Patent Application Number

483/MUMNP/2003

PG Journal Number

13/2008

Publication Date

28-Mar-2008

Grant Date

05-Mar-2008

Date of Filing

07-May-2003

Name of Patentee

PFIZER PRODUCTS INC.

Applicant Address

EASTERN POINT ROAD, GROTON, CONNECTICUT - 06340, USA

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	JUAN CARLOS COLBERG	PFIZER GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, EASTERN POINT ROAD, GROTON, CONNECTICUT - 06340,
2	ALESSANDRO DONADELLI	A
3	GIOVANNI FOGLIATO	ACS DOBFAR S.p.A., VIALE ADDETTA 6/8/10, 20067 TRIBIANO, MILANO, ITALY
4	MAURIZIO ZENONI	ACS DOBFAR S.p.A., VIALE ADDETTA 6/8/10, 20067 TRIBIANO, MILANO, ITALY.

PCT International Classification Number

CO7D501/06

PCT International Application Number

PCT/IB01/02225

PCT International Filing date

2001-11-22

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/251,014	2000-12-04	U.S.A.