Indian Patents. 217776:"A PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTAINING MAINLY TERPENOID COMPOUNDS FROM LITSEA SPECIES "

Title of Invention	"A PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTAINING MAINLY TERPENOID COMPOUNDS FROM LITSEA SPECIES "
Abstract	A process for the extraction of essential oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid components from Litsea species by hydrodistilling the plant Litsea sp. by known methods, recovering the essential oil(s) using knovvn separation techniques and analyzing and identifying individual components by knovvn methods.

Full Text	The invention relates to a process for the extraction of the essential oil(s) from a Litsea species. citronell of and citral chanatype. More particularly it relates to an extraction of essential oil (s) in pure fonn from Litsea cubeba Per.s. Syn. L. Ciln.Ha Bl. Syn. L. Kingii Hook locally known in thc Norlhe-astcrn region oľ India as 'Mejankari'. It is pyramidal shaped handsome small deciduous tree , 5-8 m in height found in Eastern Himalayas up to an altitude of 2700 m. The plani is locatcd sporadically in many parts of Northeastern region of India specially Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Nagaland. In Assam it vvas once cxclusively uscd as hosl plant (br rcaring Muga silk worms on its leaves for production of a special kind of silk called 'Mejankari silk' . About 43 species are recorded in India of vvhich about 23 species including L . cubeba are native to Northeast India . L cbeba is a highly aromatic plant . Gencrally essential oils are obtaincd using stcam distillation, hydrodistillation or supercritical extraction of the different parts of aromatic plants, rhizomes etc. Almost all parts of Ihc plant v/r. Icaľ, slcin bark and fruit yicld volatilc oil on hydrodistillation. Fruit and stcin lark oil contains citral whilc ils Icaf oil contains cincolc as the major component. Aerial parts of the plants are subjected to hydrodistillation, using a Cleavenger apparatus, to produce an essential oil in 0.60 -5.50% (v/w, fresh weight basis) yield. The oil is analysed by gas chromatography/mas spectrometry (GC/MS). The components idcntified are cctronellol, neral, geranial, (citral a & b) citronellal, geranyl acetate and few other minor constituents. As the oil is found to be a major source of many important tcrpenoid components, il is believed to have commcrcial potcntial for pcrfumcry and cosmctic induslry particularly may bc used in ilavours like apple, grape, orange, lime, strawberry and in perfumes for soap and in creating artificial citrus flavours. . The oil is coinparable to lemongrass oil, it contains citral (citral a and citral b) up to 92 % concencration of the total oil . It is clear from the above t hal no such oil from L. Cnbeba containing citronellal as major component has carlier been reported clsevvhcre. The source of the present process is infact, an additional chemotype (physiological form) of L. Cubeba vvhich has bccn discGvcrcd for tiic first time in contrast to previcus rcports GI cursi in Fruits and stem bark oils, cineole in leaf oil, the present finding indicated the fruit, stem bark, and leaf oils of L. Cubeba as citronellal, Citronellol and linallol types respectively. Excepting the type of hairs (trichomes) on leaves, the two types are found to be morphologically alike. In citral type, the trichomes are papillate and profusely distributed but restricted to lower surface only while in the additional citronellal type presently discovered, the trichomes are simple, pointed in lower and blunted in upper end but found in both the leaf surfaces and frequently distributed. These two types are also different in respect of Chemical constituents. The natural components present in the oil are preferred to synthetic ones for the reason that in perfumery industry olfactory assessment is a major criteria for perfumery Chemicals. The main objective of the present invention is to provide a simple economic environmentally friendly process for the extraction of a new essential oil obtained from Litsea cubeba Pers. Syn. L. citrate BI. Syn. L. kingii Hook a new source. The process according to the present invention consists of steps which are as follows : a) Extraction of the plant material for isolation of the essential oil b) Identification of pure individual components. Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the extractiop of essential oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid components from Litsea species citronellol and citral chemetype which comprises a) hydrodistilling the plant Litsea sp. by known methods, b) recovering the essential oil(s) using known separation techniques, c) analyzing and identifying individual components by known methods. Litsea species used may be L cubeba, L. Odoriferous, L. Glutinosa, L. monopetala. The hydridistillation using steam may be carried out in the Cleavenger apparatus for 4-8 hour. An embodiment of the process is that the source material may be leaves, stem bark and fruits and the process may be effected in the similar method using steam. In an another embodiment of the process the fruits of the two chemotypes may be used for isolating the oil. In still another embodiment GC/MS analyses may be performed in the colnmns like fused silica, capillary glass or stainlcss slccl with inass selcclivc dctcclor (M S D) an helium as carrier gas . The following examples are given to illustrate the invention which should not be construed to limit the scope of this invention. Example l Isolation of the Essential Oil Fresh leaves Litsea cubeba Pers.(1.0 kg) was cut into small pieces and taken in a 5 liter round bottom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then heated over a 5 liter heating inantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the ľlask. Aflcr l hr thc water vapour starled passing through the condenser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was started separating on the top of the watcr. The heating is continucd for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table l). Table l (Table Removed) Example 2 Isolation of the essential oil Frcsh stcm barks Lilaca cubcba Pcrs.(1.0 kg) was cut into small picccs and takcn in a 5 liter round bottom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then heated over a 5 liter heating mantle wherein a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was ťitted in Ihe flask. After l hr the water vapour startcd passing through the condcnser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was started separaiing on the top of Ihe water. The heating is continued for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table2). Table 2 (Table Removed) Example 3 Isolation of the essential oil Matured fruits (Citral type, started ripening) of Ĺilxea citbcbu Pers. l .0 kg) was laken in a 5 liter round botlom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then healed over a 5 liter heating mantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the flask. After l hr the water vapour started passing through the condenser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was slartcd separating on the top of the watcr. The healing is contiiuicd for 4-6 hr. The amonni oľ oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table 3). Table 3 (Table Removed) Example 4 Isolation of the essential oii Matured frults (Citronellal type, started ripening) of Ĺitsea cubeba Pers. (1.0 kg) was taken in a 5 liter round bottom ilask to which 2 liter of water was added and thcn heated over a 5 liter heating mantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the flask. After l hr the w;ilcr vanoiiľ started passiny Ihľouh (hc condonsor MIH! ciľculalion of watcr oil luixlni'C slarlcd. The oil was started separating on the top of the water. The heating is continued for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table 4). Table 4 (Table Removed) Example 5. GC/MS Analysis : GC/MS analysis were carried out with a mass spectrometer having mass selective detector (MSD), directly coupled to a gas chromatograph, a 25m X0.20 mm fused silica column, with a film thickness of 0.33 jam , was employed. The column oven temperature was programmed from 60 °C to 30 °C at 57 min. The injector and GC/MS interfaces temperatures were maintained at 280 and 300°C respectively. Samples were injccted by splittcr into helium carricr gas. which wns pressure conlrolled to givc a linear gas vclocity oľ 44 c/s (at 60"C). lilectron loni/ation mass specira were recordcci. Tlie eonstiluenis oftlie oii samples wcrc idcnlillcd by mulching llicir 70 cV mass spectra and retention time with reference libraries. The identified components along with their percentages are given it the Table (Table 5) (Table Removed) The advantages of tlie present invention are the following.s : 1. Tlie source oľtlio oil is a new one and abundant in the region (br commercial exploitation. 2. The process is vcry simple and does not involve any sophisticated equipment for operation. 3. Theoils (Citronellal and Citral type fruit) produced irom tlie process may be used as such for commercial exploitation due to its quality. (High content of Citronellal, 84.7 % and Citral, 92.5 %) 4. The oil does not contain any unwanled impurily whieh may create problem subsequently. 5. The process is an environmcntally friendly one as it does not contain any chcmicals which may pollute the environment. 6. The olfaclory property of the oil does not change dne to the process. We claim : 1. A process fór the extraction of essentiat oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid components from Litsea species citronell of 2 citral chemetype which comprises : a) hydrodistilling the plánt Litsea sp by knovvn methods, b) recovering the essential oil(s)by Known separation techniques, c) analyzing and identifying individual components by known methods. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein Litsea sp. used is selected from Litsea cubeba, Litsea odoriferous, Litsea Glutinosa, Litsea monopetala. 3. A process as claimed in claims 1-2 vvherein the hydrodistillation using steam is effected fór 4-8 hours in a Cleavenger apparatus. 4. A process as claimed in claims 1-3 vvherein the source materiál is used leaves, stem bark and fruits. 5. A process as claimed in claims 1-5 vvherein the essential oil contain main terpenoid compounds selected from α-Pinene, ß-Pinene, Sabinene, Myrcene, Limonene, Cineole, Methyl heptenone, Citronellal, Linalool, Neral (Citral b), α- Terpeniol acetate, Geranial (Citral a), Citronellol, Geraniol. 7. A process fór the extraction of essential oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid components from Litsea species citronellol and cital chemotype substantially as herein described with reference to the examples.

Full Text

The invention relates to a process for the extraction of the essential oil(s) from a Litsea species. citronell of and citral chanatype.
More particularly it relates to an extraction of essential oil (s) in pure fonn from Litsea cubeba
Per.s. Syn. L. Ciln.Ha Bl. Syn. L. Kingii Hook locally known in thc Norlhe-astcrn region oľ India as 'Mejankari'. It is pyramidal shaped handsome small deciduous tree , 5-8 m in height found in Eastern Himalayas up to an altitude of 2700 m. The plani is locatcd sporadically in many parts of Northeastern region of India specially Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Nagaland. In Assam it vvas once cxclusively uscd as hosl plant (br rcaring Muga silk worms on its leaves for production of a special kind of silk called 'Mejankari silk' . About 43 species are recorded in India of vvhich about 23 species including L . cubeba are native to Northeast India . L cbeba is a highly aromatic plant . Gencrally essential oils are obtaincd using stcam distillation, hydrodistillation or supercritical extraction of the different parts of aromatic plants, rhizomes etc. Almost all parts of Ihc plant v/r. Icaľ, slcin bark and fruit yicld volatilc oil on hydrodistillation. Fruit and stcin lark oil contains citral whilc ils Icaf oil contains cincolc as the major component. Aerial parts of the plants are subjected to hydrodistillation, using a Cleavenger apparatus, to produce an essential oil in 0.60 -5.50% (v/w, fresh weight basis) yield. The oil is analysed by gas chromatography/mas spectrometry (GC/MS). The components idcntified are cctronellol, neral, geranial, (citral a & b) citronellal, geranyl acetate and few other minor constituents. As the oil is found to be a major source of many important tcrpenoid components, il is believed to have commcrcial potcntial for pcrfumcry and cosmctic induslry particularly may bc used in ilavours like apple, grape, orange, lime, strawberry and in perfumes for soap and in creating artificial citrus flavours. . The oil is coinparable to lemongrass oil, it contains citral (citral a and citral b) up to 92 % concencration of the total oil . It is clear from the above t hal no such oil from L. Cnbeba containing citronellal as major component has carlier been reported clsevvhcre. The source of the present process is infact, an additional chemotype (physiological form) of L. Cubeba vvhich has bccn discGvcrcd for tiic first time in contrast to previcus rcports GI cursi in
Fruits and stem bark oils, cineole in leaf oil, the present finding indicated the fruit, stem bark, and leaf oils of L. Cubeba as citronellal, Citronellol and linallol types respectively. Excepting the type of hairs (trichomes) on leaves, the two types are found to be morphologically alike. In citral type, the trichomes are papillate and profusely distributed but restricted to lower surface only while in the additional citronellal type presently discovered, the trichomes are simple, pointed in lower and blunted in upper end but found in both the leaf surfaces and frequently distributed. These two types are also different in respect of Chemical constituents. The natural components present in the oil are preferred to synthetic ones for the reason that in perfumery industry olfactory assessment is a major criteria for perfumery Chemicals.
The main objective of the present invention is to provide a simple economic environmentally friendly process for the extraction of a new essential oil obtained from Litsea cubeba Pers. Syn. L. citrate BI. Syn. L. kingii Hook a new source.
The process according to the present invention consists of steps which are as follows :
a) Extraction of the plant material for isolation of the essential oil
b) Identification of pure individual components.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the extractiop of essential
oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid components from Litsea species citronellol
and citral chemetype which comprises
a) hydrodistilling the plant Litsea sp. by known methods,
b) recovering the essential oil(s) using known separation techniques,
c) analyzing and identifying individual components by known methods.
Litsea species used may be L cubeba, L. Odoriferous, L. Glutinosa, L. monopetala. The hydridistillation using steam may be carried out in the Cleavenger apparatus for 4-8 hour. An embodiment of the process is that the source material may be leaves, stem bark and fruits and the process may be effected in the similar method using steam. In an another embodiment of the
process the fruits of the two chemotypes may be used for isolating the oil. In still another embodiment GC/MS analyses may be performed in the colnmns like fused silica, capillary glass or stainlcss slccl with inass selcclivc dctcclor (M S D) an helium as carrier gas .
The following examples are given to illustrate the invention which should not be construed to limit the scope of this invention. Example l Isolation of the Essential Oil
Fresh leaves Litsea cubeba Pers.(1.0 kg) was cut into small pieces and taken in a 5 liter round bottom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then heated over a 5 liter heating inantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the ľlask. Aflcr l hr thc water vapour starled passing through the condenser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was started separating on the top of the watcr. The heating is continucd for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table l). Table l

(Table Removed)
Example 2
Isolation of the essential oil
Frcsh stcm barks Lilaca cubcba Pcrs.(1.0 kg) was cut into small picccs and takcn in a 5 liter round bottom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then heated over a 5 liter heating mantle wherein a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was ťitted in Ihe flask. After l hr the water vapour startcd passing through the condcnser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was started separaiing on the top of Ihe water. The heating is continued for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table2). Table 2

(Table Removed)
Example 3
Isolation of the essential oil
Matured fruits (Citral type, started ripening) of Ĺilxea citbcbu Pers. l .0 kg) was laken in a 5 liter round botlom flask to which 2 liter of water was added and then healed over a 5 liter heating
mantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the flask. After l hr the water vapour started passing through the condenser and circulation of water oil mixture started. The oil was slartcd separating on the top of the watcr. The healing is contiiuicd for 4-6 hr. The amonni oľ oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table 3). Table 3

(Table Removed)
Example 4
Isolation of the essential oii
Matured frults (Citronellal type, started ripening) of Ĺitsea cubeba Pers. (1.0 kg) was taken in a 5 liter round bottom ilask to which 2 liter of water was added and thcn heated over a 5 liter heating mantle where in a Cleavenger apparatus (Glass) was fitted in the flask. After l hr the w;ilcr vanoiiľ started passiny Ihľouh (hc condonsor MIH! ciľculalion of watcr oil luixlni'C slarlcd. The oil was started separating on the top of the water. The heating is continued for 4-6 hr. The amount of oil collected in the different experiments are tabulated in the following Table (Table 4).
Table 4

(Table Removed)
Example 5. GC/MS Analysis :
GC/MS analysis were carried out with a mass spectrometer having mass selective detector (MSD), directly coupled to a gas chromatograph, a 25m X0.20 mm fused silica column, with a film thickness of 0.33 jam , was employed. The column oven temperature was programmed from 60 °C to 30 °C at 57 min. The injector and GC/MS interfaces temperatures were maintained at 280 and 300°C respectively. Samples were injccted by splittcr into helium carricr gas. which wns pressure conlrolled to givc a linear gas vclocity oľ 44 c/s (at 60"C). lilectron loni/ation mass specira were recordcci. Tlie eonstiluenis oftlie oii samples wcrc idcnlillcd by mulching llicir 70 cV mass spectra and retention time with reference libraries. The identified components along with their percentages are given it the Table (Table 5)
(Table Removed)

The advantages of tlie present invention are the following.s :
1. Tlie source oľtlio oil is a new one and abundant in the region (br commercial exploitation.
2. The process is vcry simple and does not involve any sophisticated equipment for operation.
3. Theoils (Citronellal and Citral type fruit) produced irom tlie process may be used as such
for commercial exploitation due to its quality. (High content of Citronellal, 84.7 % and Citral, 92.5 %)
4. The oil does not contain any unwanled impurily whieh may create problem subsequently.
5. The process is an environmcntally friendly one as it does not contain any chcmicals which
may pollute the environment.
6. The olfaclory property of the oil does not change dne to the process.

We claim :
1. A process fór the extraction of essentiat oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid
components from Litsea species citronell of 2 citral chemetype
which comprises :
a) hydrodistilling the plánt Litsea sp by knovvn methods,
b) recovering the essential oil(s)by Known separation techniques,
c) analyzing and identifying individual components by known methods.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein Litsea sp. used is selected from Litsea
cubeba, Litsea odoriferous, Litsea Glutinosa, Litsea monopetala.
3. A process as claimed in claims 1-2 vvherein the hydrodistillation using steam is
effected fór 4-8 hours in a Cleavenger apparatus.
4. A process as claimed in claims 1-3 vvherein the source materiál is used leaves,
stem bark and fruits.

5. A process as claimed in claims 1-5 vvherein the essential oil contain main
terpenoid compounds selected from α-Pinene, ß-Pinene, Sabinene, Myrcene,
Limonene, Cineole, Methyl heptenone, Citronellal, Linalool, Neral (Citral b), α-
Terpeniol acetate, Geranial (Citral a), Citronellol, Geraniol.
7. A process fór the extraction of essential oil(s) containing mainly terpenoid
components from Litsea species citronellol and cital chemotype
substantially as herein described with reference to the examples.

Documents:

1197-del-1999-abstract.pdf

1197-del-1999-claims.pdf

1197-del-1999-correspondence-others.pdf

1197-del-1999-correspondence-po.pdf

1197-del-1999-description (complete).pdf

1197-del-1999-form-1.pdf

1197-del-1999-form-13.pdf

1197-del-1999-form-19.pdf

1197-del-1999-form-2.pdf

1197-del-1999-form-3.pdf

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Patent Number

217776

Indian Patent Application Number

1197/DEL/1999

PG Journal Number

17/2008

Publication Date

25-Apr-2008

Grant Date

28-Mar-2008

Date of Filing

08-Sep-1999

Name of Patentee

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

Applicant Address

RAFI MARG, NEW DELHI- 110 001, INDIA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	SUBHAN CHANDRA NATH	REGIONAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, JORHAT - 785006, ASSAM, INDIA.
2	AJIT KUMAR HAZARIKA	REGIONAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, JORHAT - 785006, ASSAM, INDIA
3	JIBON C SARMA KATAKY	REGIONAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, JORHAT - 785006, ASSAM, INDIA

PCT International Classification Number

A61K 35/78

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA