Title of Invention	PROTECTIVE ELEMENT FOR A BREAKWATER OR WAVE-RETARDING CONSTRUCTION
Abstract	A protective element for a breakwater or wave-retarding construction comprises a body that has at least two opposing projections. The projections are on either side of a flat base and extend transversely thereto. The periphery of the base is non-circular, so that rolling of the protective element under the influence of the beating of the waves is resisted.

Full Text

The invention relates to a protective element fin: a breakwater or wave-retarding construction, comprising a concrete body that has at least two opposing projections. A protective element of this type is disclosed in NL-A 8903138. Such protective elongates are intended for the parts or for example, hrBakwata:is, dams and the like that are exposed to the beading of the waves. The waves break as soon as they strike the protective elements, with the result that die underlying parts are better protected against the forces of the water. The protective elements are usually made of concrete. Usually no reinforcement is used on the grounds of durability. Although a reinforcement has a beneficial effect on the strength of the protective element, it nevertheless has the disadvantage that rusting can hardly be prevented, especially in a salty environment. This means that the strength of the protective element has to be provided by the concrete material alone. It is therefore necessary to choose as advantageous as possible a shape for the protective element. Despite the lack of reinforcement, it must nevertheless be possible to ensure adequately high strength by this means. The aim of the invention is therefore to provide a protective element of the abovementioned type that has an as advantageous as possible cohesion and strength. Said aim is achieved in that the projections are on either side of a flat base and extend transversely thereto. Preferably, the projections are in the middle of the base. Furthermore, they can have all conceivable shapes; a cylindrical shape and a conical shape are mentioned as examples. The projections are preferably oriented perpendicularly vent respect to the base. Furthermore, the base can have at least one auxiliary projection at the periphery which extends parallel to or in line with the base. The. base as well can have various shoes. A non-circular shape, such that Ihe protective element will not easily start to roll under the influence of the water forces, is preferred. The base is preferably polygonal, preferably rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal. For ease of production a peripheral shape based on a regular polygon is preferred. There can be an urinary projection at each comer of the base. Just like the base, a projection can have various peripheral shapes. A non-circular shape is preferred because of the resistance to rolling. The periphery of a projection is preferably polygonal. One possibility is that the periphery of a projection is a regular polygon, just like the periphery of the base. If the peripheral shapes are of identical shiq)e, in the case of a polygon with n comers the preference is that the polygon of the projection is turned through the order of 360/2n degrees of an arc with respect to the polygon of the base. Another prefaced embodiment for the shape of the projection is that the aid denominates in a flat source. In this context it is preferable that this source is virtually perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the projection. The material fin which the element is made is preferably concrete, wade contains at least cement, sand, granulate or gravel and optionally hardeners and/or plasticizers. Another preferred embodiment of the material is a material that at least consists of a residue from oil refining, sand, rock-like granulate or gravel. Such a material is known under the trade name C-Fix®. This can be compared with a sort of cement-bound concrete, where the cement has been replaced by a residue from oil refining, the melting point of which is above 150 °C. A possible method for producing a protective element using this material is as follows. The material is heated to above the melting point of the residue material from oil refining. This material is introduced into individual shuttering or casting moulds for the base or projections, after which said material is allowed to cool. A protective element is then assembled by locally heating the joining end of a projection and the joining location on the base. The projection and base are then brought together and the join is allowed to cool, as a result of which a permanent join is produced. Another preferred embodiment of the base of the protective element is that this has two parallel surfaces. Another possibility" for production of a protective element is to produce this in a split shuttering. For this purpose a raised area is made on the ground, after which a split box is placed on this elevation. This box split by a vertical plane has a bottom box which is open at the top and the bottom. The open bottom fits over the elevation in a sealed manner. A top box is attached to the bottom box, which top box can be moved relative to the bottom box. Material for the element is poured via the open top of the bottom box, as a result of which the base and at least a bottom projection is formed, the bottom of this projection being on the elevation. After the material has set to some extent, material is ponred into the top box for the top projection. After all the martial has set, the top box is raised a shirt distance using lifting means, which are between the bottom box and top box, for freeing the material and the box. The bottom box is then lower a short distance, which is less tibiae the distance travelled by the top box, to free the box. This lowering is effected by known lifthig means in the support means, such as legs which are provided with threaded adjustment means. These legs are located below each part of the bottom box. The closure means between Fine parts of the split box are then unlocked and the parts of the bottom box are removed together with their top box. The box can then be re-used. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a few illustrative embodiments shown in the figures. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the principle of a protective element according to the invention. Figure 2 shows, diagrammatically, an example of the use of the protective element Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a first illustrative embodiment of the protective element according to the invention. Figure 4 shows a plan view of the element according to Figure 1. Figure 5 shows a side view of the element according to Figure 1. Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the protective element according to the invention. Figure 7 shows a possible production method Figure 8 shows a possible variant of spht shuttering for the production of a protective element. Figure 1 shows the basic principle of a plate-shaped base 1 and top and bottom projections 2 and 3, respectively. Figure 2 shows protective elements which are situated on an incline of a breakwater. The protective element for a breakwater shown in Figures 3-5 comprises a plate-shaped base 1, indicated in its entirety by 1, on either side of which projections 2 and 3 extend perpendicularly. The base 1 is essentially rectangular and at the four comers has projections 4 which have a pointed shape determined by the sloping surfaces 5,6. The projections 4 define recesses 7 between them, through which the water is able to flow freely. The polygonal, in this case square, shape of the base body 1 guarantees high stability. The base 1 has two surfaces 8, 9 facing away from one another which are parallel to one another. In the embodiment in Figure 4 a plan view is shown of a hexagonal protective element provided with two hexagonal projections 2 (one can be seen in Figure 4) as well as six projections 6. Figure 7 shows a possible method for Hive production of a protective element according to the invention. For leis purpose a first recess 11, defined by shutting 12, is made in a substrate 20. A first quantity of concrete 13 is poured into this shuttering 12,,up to ground level 10, to form a first projection of the protective element to be produced. A second buttering 14 is produced on the ground 10, into which a second quantity of concrete 15 is then poured to produce the base. It is also possible to wait until the second shuttering 14 has been produced on the ground 10 before pouring the first quantity of concrete 13. The quantity of concrete 13 and 15 can then be poured in a single operation, as a result of which the bottom projection and the base are produced at die same time. After this base has set to some extent, third shuttering 16 is placed on top of this to receive a quantity of concrete 17 that is to form the top projection. After the quantities of concrete 13, 15; 17 have set, the protective element is complete. Figure 8 shows another shuttering for the production of an element from Figure 3-5. This shuttering consists of two halves split by a vertical plane. Figure 8a shows a box in the closed state, in which the element will be released from the box. The bottom box 21 consists of a left-hand bottom box 23 and a right-hand bottom box 24, which are open at the top and at the bottom. The top box 22 connected to the bottom box 22 by the connecting means 29 consists of a left-hand top box 25 and a right-hand top box 26. Lifting means are incorporated in the connecting means 29 to enable the top box to be lifted with respect to the bottom box. At least three support means 30 are positioned below the bottom box, which support means can be provided with wheels. Known lifting means are incorporated in the support means 30 to enable the bottom box to be lowered. The bottom of the top box is provided with a left-hand and a right-hand apron 27 and 28, respectively, which lies on the top of the poured material for the base of the element and ensures good abutment and correct rounding-off between base and top projection. The poured element 1 with the left-hand and right-hand half of the shuttering removed can be seen in Figure 8b. WE CLAIM: 1. Protective element for a breakwater or wave-retarding construction, comprising a body having at least two primary projections (2, 3), wherein the body consists of a plate-shaped base (1), from the two opposite plate sides of which the projections (2, 3) extend, the periphery of the base (1) is square, and four auxiliary projections (4), each extending from a different respective corner of the base (I), and that are spaced apart from each other by equally sized recesses, wherein each of the auxiliary projections extends in line with the base (1), and in the direction of a diagonal of the square base crossing the respective corner. 2. Protective element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary projections (2, 3) are each in the middle of the base (1). 3. Protective element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary projections (2, 3) are in the extension of one another. 4. Protective element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the primary projections (2, 3) are oriented perpendicularly with respect to the base (1). 5. Protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the periphery of a primary projection (2, 3) is polygonal. 6. Protective element as claimed in claim 5, wherein the periphery of a primary projection (2, 3) is a regular polygon. 7. Protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the periphery of each primary projection (2, 3) is square and said primary projection (2, 3) is turned through the order of 45 degrees of an arc with respect to the square of the base (1). 8. Protective element as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the end of a primary projection terminates in a flat surface. 9. Protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material from which the element is made is concrete. 10. Protective element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the material from which the element is made comprises at least a residue material from oil refining, sand, rock¬like granulate or gravel. 11. Protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base (1) has two parallel surfaces (8, 9). 12. Method for the production of a protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of: creating a first cavity (11) in a substrate (20) provided with shuttering (12) for a first projection (2), optionally pouring concrete into the first shuttering (12), creating a second shuttering (14) on the ground (10) above the first shuttering (12), pouring concrete (15) into the second shuttering (14) on the ground (10) and the previously poured concrete (13) for the first projection, or simultaneously pouring concrete (13) into the first shuttering (12) and pouring concrete (15) onto this and the ground in the second shuttering (14), allowing the quantity of concrete (15) in the second shuttering (14) to set to such an extent, that the concrete is able to carry a third shuttering (16), placing the third shuttering (16) on the concrete (15), set to some extent, within the second shuttering (14), pouring a quantity of concrete (17) into the third shuttering (16) to form the second projection. 13. Method for the production of a protective element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of: making a raised area on the ground (10) this area having a cross-section that corresponds to the cross-section of a bottom projection, fitting a split bottom box (21), which is open at the bottom and open at the top, on the raised area together with a split top box (22) connected to the bottom box (21), pouring the materia! for the element into the bottom box (21), allowing this material to set to such an extent, that it is able to carry the material which will be poured into the top box, pouring the material into the top box (22), allowing the material to set, after which the top box is moved upwards a short distance such that the top box is freed from the material, lowering the bottom box (21) a short distance, which is less than the distance travelled by the top box (22), such that the bottom box (21) is freed from the material, removing one half of the bottom box (23) with top box (25) and then the other half of the bottom box (24) with top box (26), after which bottom box (21) together with the top box (22) can be re-used for the production of a subsequent element. 14. Shuttering for the production of a protective element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a bottom box (21) split in a vertical plane, with a left-hand bottom box (23) and a right-hand bottom box (24), and a top box (22) split in the same vertical plane and connected to the bottom box (21), wherein the bottom box is open at top and bottom and is placed with the bottom over an elevation in a sealed manner and that the top box (22) is connected to the bottom box (21) by connecting elements, wherein lifting means are incorporated in said connecting elements so as to raise the top box (22) with respect to the bottom box (21) and wherein the bottom box (21) is supported by support means, for example mobile legs, which are provided with lifting means so as to lower the bottom box together with the top box. 15. Protective element as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein auxiliary projections have a pointed shape, inscribing a virtual square.

Documents:

0061-chenp-2005 abstract-duplicate.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 abstract.jpg

0061-chenp-2005 abstract.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 claims-duplicate.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 claims.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 correspondence-others.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 correspondence-po.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 description (complete)-duplicate.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 description (complete).pdf

0061-chenp-2005 drawings.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 form-1.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 form-18.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 form-26.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 form-3.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 form-5.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 pct search report.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 pct.pdf

0061-chenp-2005 petition.pdf