Title of Invention	"A METHOD FOR MANAGING DEFECTIVE AREA OF A RECORDING DEDIUM, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR"
Abstract	A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same, is provided. In an optical disc device for recording/reproducing data using an optical disc such as a BD WO type disc, the method permits the normal reading and reproducing of recording data written on a defective area of the disc, through a replacement write operation for the recording data of the defective area. When a defect is detected within a predetermined recording sector of the optical disc during the recording process, the recording data is written on. a spare area corresponding to the defective aiea and the fims writtci data is managed. To accomplish this during data recording, the method selectively searches a write location of temporary defect list (TDFL) information, which is effective before disc finalization, or defect list (QFL) information, which becomes e-ffettive -upon execution of a disc finalization operation. The TDFL information is written in an assigned recording sector and includes one or more defective area data locators indicative of defective areas as detected. Write location information and identification information enable the selective search of the DFL information after disc finalizadon and are written together with the DFL information, as disc definition inibnnation in a defect management area assigned to the disc's lead-in area.

Title of Invention

"A METHOD FOR MANAGING DEFECTIVE AREA OF A RECORDING DEDIUM, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR"

Abstract

A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same, is provided. In an optical disc device for recording/reproducing data using an optical disc such as a BD WO type disc, the method permits the normal reading and reproducing of recording data written on a defective area of the disc, through a replacement write operation for the recording data of the defective area. When a defect is detected within a predetermined recording sector of the optical disc during the recording process, the recording data is written on. a spare area corresponding to the defective aiea and the fims writtci data is managed. To accomplish this during data recording, the method selectively searches a write location of temporary defect list (TDFL) information, which is effective before disc finalization, or defect list (QFL) information, which becomes e-ffettive -upon execution of a disc finalization operation. The TDFL information is written in an assigned recording sector and includes one or more defective area data locators indicative of defective areas as detected. Write location information and identification information enable the selective search of the DFL information after disc finalizadon and are written together with the DFL information, as disc definition inibnnation in a defect management area assigned to the disc's lead-in area.

Full Text	1 METHOD FOR MANAGING DEFECTIVE AREA ON WRITE-ONCE OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM, AND OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM USING THE SAME Technical Field The present invention relates to optical recording methods and media, and in particular, to a method for managing a defective area on a WORM-type optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same. The method is particularly adapted for recording data on write-once optical discs such as those using the recently developed Blu-ray disc format known as BD- WO. Background Art Data recording devices and media using optical read/write means have generally been categorized according to their writing capability or flexibility. Among read-only optical recording media, there are those using CD-ROM and DVD-ROM formats, which have no write capability. Among known disc standards that allow multiple write operations to be freely performed, there are CD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW types, which are rewritable compact discs and digital versatile discs. WORM-type discs, on the other hand, are adopted for use as datastorage devices requiring large storage capacity; Such discs, however, have limited recording flexibility and are for use in write-once read-many applications. These include CD-R and DVD-R types, which are recordable compact discs and digital versatile discs. 2 Meanwhile, a new type of high-density DVD, known as a Blu-ray disc, which is a large-capacity optical disc for recording high-quality audio and video data using a blue violet laser, has been developed. The Blu-ray disc adopts a rewritable disc format known as BD RE. In the above types of optical recording media, surface imperfections and defects are generated during theif manufacture, handling, or use. Accordingly, a method for managing the defective areas is used during a data recording operation, so that data reproduction can be carried out normally. Referring to FIG 1, an optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 for use with an optical recording medium 102, such as a BD-RE formatted disc, receives a data/command input from a host (or controller) 200. The optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 is provided with an optical pickup 104 for writing/reading data to/from an inserted optical recording medium, a pickup servo 106 for controlling the optical pickup to achieve proper tracking and to maintain a, controlled distance with respect to the surface of the optical recording rnedium, A data processor 108 for processing data to and from the optical pickup by restoring to a desired signal value a reproduction signal received from the optical pickup or by modulating a recording signal received from the host for transfer to the disc, an interface 110 for transferring data between the host and the recording/reproducing device, a microcomputer 112 for controlling the recording/reproducing device; and a memory 114 for storing a program and for temporarily storing various information including defect management information and data. Under the control of the host 200 and stored programming, the optical pickup 104 reads da la stored (or written) on a disc, providing a data signal input to the data processor 108 for reproduction processing and output, and writes data onto specified areas of the disc using a write signal output from the data processor, During a write operation, the 3 optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 receives a data stream (or an encoded analog signal) and outputs the write signal to the optical pickup 104 in accordance with a command input via the host 200 and the program stored in the memory 114 and executed by the microcomputer 112, Refering to FIG. 2, a BH-RE type disc for use with the device of FIG. 1 is divided into assigned areas. The assigned areas essentially comprise a data area set between a lead-in area (LIA) and a lead-out area (LOA). The data area includes an inner spare area (ISA) adjacent the lead-in area and an outer spare area (OSA) adjacent the lead-ont area. As above the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 processes input data from a host 200 and writes the data onto an optical disc in clusters corresponding to an error correction code block unit. If during a writs operation the existence of a defective area is detected in the data area, the optical disc letrading/reproducing device 100 carries out a scries of replacement write operations to write a data cluster corresponding to rhc detected defective area in one of the two spare areas (shown in the example of FIG. 2 as the ISA). Therefore, by writing a data cluster of a defective area in a spare area instead of the defective area, the data can be read and reproduced from the spare area, thus preventing the occurrence of writing errors even when an optical disc exhibits defects in the data area and thereby assuring data security and data integrity. The above method is carried out using an optical recording medium that allows free access to the data recording areas since a rewritable disc is used. Therefore, in managing the data of the defective areas, the optical disc recording/reproducing device has unlimited use of the recording area. If a WORM-type disc is used, however, the write operation is performed only once and must be completed before normal data retrieval operations by the user can be carried out 4 For example, another type of Blu-ray disc, using a format known as BD- WO, has been recently developed. The BD-WO type disc, which is a write once type disc, cannot make use of known methods for managing a defective area on the disc, since the standardization of this type of disc fonnat has only recently begun, AN immediate solution is required. Disclosure of Invention Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium (i.e., an optical disc such a BD-WO) using the same, that substantially obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An object of the present invention, which has been devised to solve the foregoing problem, lies in providing a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, by which data written in and read from a defective area of the disc is relocated (rewritten), and then managed, through the performance of a replacement write operation in which the data is written in an alternative data area (spare area) corresponding to the defective area, It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, by which normal data reproduction can be achieved after a data recording operation is completed, irrespective of the existence of one or more defective areas detected during recording. It is another object of the present invention to provide data security and data integrity in using a write-once optical recording medium, particularly for data recording operations using a host computer reading from a BD-WO disc 5 and employing a linear replacement technique at the time of recording. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, by which BD WO standardization is facilitated. It is anothct object of the present invention to provide an optical recording medium suitable for adopting the above method. It is another object of the present invention to provide a system for utilizing an optical recording medium adopting the above method. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from a practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the subject matter particularly pointed out in the specification and claims hereof as welt as in the appended drawings. To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, including steps of: detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording sector of the optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the predetermined recording sector; replacing the data written in the defective recording sector, by writing the data in a spare area assigned to a data area of the optical recording medium and mixing locator information as temporary defect list information in an assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, the locator information being indicative of the defective recording sector; and writing, as disc definition structure information in a defect management area assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium, write location information for accessing the temporary defect list information and identification 6 information for determining access to the write location information. In another aspect of the present, there is provided a method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, including steps of identifying a disc finalization state by searching a defect management area assigned to a lead-in area, of the optical recording medium and detecting and chocking identification information indicative of the disc finalization state from disc definition structure information in the defect management area; selectively searching a write location, of dafect list information or temporary defect list information in the disc definition structurer information, based on the identification informaticm; and carryiag out a replacement writing operation or a normal reproducing operation for the defective area, based on the selectively searched defect list information and temporary defect list information. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system having a programmable device for optically recording/reproducing data to/from a write-once optical recording medium,: The device can be programmed to perform the necessary steps of the method of the present invention including those for recording data and reproducing recorded data. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a write-once optical recording medium including: a data area; a lead-in area disposed adjacent the data area; and a defect management area in the lead-in area for writing information pertaining to a plurality of write locations for accessing temporary defect list information and defect list information and identification information for selective access to the write locations, as disc definition structure information, wherein the temporary defect list information and the defect list Information are written in separate locations. Adoption of the method of the present invention for an optical recording medium such as a BD-WO disc assures data, security and data integrity, 7 particularly during data recording operations using a host computer employing a linear replacement technique. It is to be understood that both the foregoing explanation and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention as divined. Brief Description of the Drawings Further objects and advantages of the invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general optical disc recording/reproducing device, according to a related art; FIG 2 is a diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective area on a rewritable optical recording medium, such as a BD-RE type disc; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing assigned areas of a write-once optical recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, for illustrating a method for managing a defective area on the disc, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing locator information written according to the method of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing locator information written according to the method of the present invention, whereby an access rate can be increased; FIG. 6 is i diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 8 FIG 7 is a diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, in accotdance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Best mode for Carrying Out the Invention Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Throughout ihe drawings, like dements are indicated using the same or similar reference designations. Referring to FIG. 3, in which assigned areas of an optical recording mediurn such as a BD-WO type disc are depicted to illustrate the method according to the present invention, a data area is set between a lead-in area (L1A) and a lead-out area (LOA), wherein the data area is essentially comprised of a user data area and a non-user data area disposed on either side of the user data area. The user data area is assigned both physical sector numbers (PSN) and logical sector numbers (LSN), while the non-user data areas are assigned physical sector numbers only. The non-user data areas are respectively comprised of an outer spare area (OSA) and a temporary defect list (TDFL) area. The outer spare area is for writing data corresponding to a defective area, i.e., replacement data, while the TDFL area is for writing defective area data locators pertaining to the defective areas as detected and the corresponding replacement data. The defective area data locator information may be written either cumulatively or continuously. Though not shown in the drawings, the OSA and TDFL areas may be alternatively located or there may be additionally assigned areas, such as an inner spare area (ISA). For example, an ISA may be provided additionally or 9 substituted for the OSA, or the TDF L area may be disposed in a non-user data area adjacent the OSA or in the LIA, In recording data on an optical recording medium such as that shown (a FIG. 3, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 of FIG. 1 executes an internal program to write data in a temporally continuous manner on a predetermined writing sector in the user data area. The write operation progresses until data recording ends or until the last recording sector has been recorded. Each instance of writing will be referred to as a data recording stage. The predetermined writing sector is set as a defect verification unit (DVU) by which, during the data recording stage, a defective area is detected using a verify-after-write operation performed after each DVU. One DVU may have a recording she equivalent to any number of physical tracks or clusters, and for the sake of convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention, this recording size has been arbitrarily set to five clusters. A plurality of defect verification units {DVU 1 through DVU n) make up one instance of recording or a data recording stage having a. temporal continuity, and each of data recording stages 1, 2, and 3 are made up of a number of DVUs dependent on the amount of data being recorded. The verify-after-write operation is perforrmed by the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100, which executes a repetitious series of detecting operations to determine the presence of defective areas corresponding to the written data of one DVU. In each defective area detecting operation, the data written in the DVU is reproduced to verify its recording status; that is, it is determined whether the data was written successfully such that normal reproduction is possible. If normal reproduction cannot be verified, it is determined that a defect is present. FOR example, after sequentially and continuously writing data in physical 10 cluster 1-5 of the DVU 1, through a recording operation S10, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 performs a verify-after-write operation by progressively reproducing the data written in the DVU 1, to verify normal reproduction and thereby detect the presence of any defective areas. In progressively reproducing, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 sequentially reads the data as written, starting again from the first (or next in position) cluster and reading continuously until detection of the first (or next) occurrence of an unverifiable data cluster through a reproducing operation Sll, indicating the presence of a defective area in, say, the physical cluster 2, Then, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 temporarily stores in its memory 114 the data of the physical cluster 2. The temporarily stored (buffered) data is used to carry out a replacement write operation through a recording operation S12, whereby replacement data corresponding to the defective cluster is written as a replacement cluster 2' in the OSA instead of the defective area. Here, the data of the second cluster may be written starting from either end of the OSA. After the completion of a replacement write operation as above, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 continues reproducing the data of the DVU 1 through a reproducing operation S13, progressing to the next cluster, i.e., to the physical cluster 3, When another defective area is detected in, say, the physical cluster 4, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 carries out another replacement write operation through a recording operation S14, in which the data of the defective cluster is buffered and then written as a replacement cluster 4' in the OSA in succession to the replacement cluster 2'. A continuation of the veriry-after-write operation for DVU 1 through a reproducing operation 515 may find no further defective areas, which completes the data recording of DVU 1 for the data recording stage 1. Thus, the DVU 1 11 ultimately contains the data of the physical dusters 1, 3, and 5 and has two defective areas, the data of which is written in the OSA as replacement clusters 2' and 4' corresponding to the defective areas. The same process is repeated for each DVU until the conclusion of the data recording stage 1 by the execution of recording and verify-after-write operations for the DVU n. In doing so, a physical duster 6 is written as the first cluster of the DVU 2. Thereafter, i.e., in succession to a completed verify-after-write operation for the DVU n, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 writes a defective area data, locator for identifying each defective area and locating the corresponding replacement data. These locators arc written as TDFL information and stored in the TDFL area. To increase the access rate of the TDFL information, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 also writes, as disc definition stroctme (DOS) information, write location, information in a defect management area (DMA) assigned in the LI A. As shown in FIG, 4, the TDFL information comprises a plurality of defect entries, each expressed as pair of PSNs, i.e., a defect PSN and a replacement PSN corresponding thereto. Here, fee defect PSN is the physical sector number of the defective area, and the replacement PSN is the physical sector number of the area in which the data of the defective area is written. Each defect entry includes status information in addition to the PSNs. The status information is comprised of status 1 and status 2 information, with the status 2 information going unused in the present embodiment. The status 1 information indicates the type of relationship existing between a defective or potentially defective area and any replacement data corresponding thereto, including replacement data recording status, address assignment, defective area confirmation, replacement area availability, and the like. The recording sector corresponding to, say, the 60th byte (60th byte 12 position) of the DPS information may include write location information for accessing the first PSN for the currant TDFL information, i.e., the TDFL information reflecting the latest (most recent) replacement write operation. This write location information is written and managed together with identification information, which comprises a disc finalization flag indicating whether a disc finalization operation has been executed, signaling that the writing process of an optical disc is finalized. When the identification information shows no disc finalization, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 reads the DMA and refers to the writs location information to search for a write location. One byte of the identification information may, for example, be written as "0000 XXXX" to indicate that no disc finalization operation has been executed, to he set to "0000 1111" to indicate the execution of disc finalization, At the same time, the identification information may have a size greater than one byte, and the execution of the disc finalization operation may be indicated using values other than "0000 XXXX" and "0000 1111." The DDS information, may include write location information for accessing both the first TDFL and ihe current TDFL, or for selectively accessing either. When a disc finalization operation is executed actor ding to user operation, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 sets the disc finalization flag from a value (e.g., "0000 XXXX") indicating that no disc finalization operation has been executed to a value (e.g., "0000 1111") indicating a disc-finalized state and writes the TDFL information as defect list (DFL) information in the DMA. Thus, upon disc finalization, the write location information stored within the DDS information is written as a final value indicative of the write locatiou of the DFL information, The recording sector corresponding to the 24th byte (24th byte position) of the DDS information may 13 include write location information for accessing the first PSN of the DFL information. Referring to FIG. 5, the DDS information may, to increase the access rate of the last or latest TDFL information (TDFL q), further include write location information corresponding to the first PSN of the most recently written TDFL, i.e., the TDFL information immediately preceding disc fifialization. As shown in FIG 6, the TDFL information may be included in a recording sector in the LIA, On the other hand, as shown in FIG 7, the TDFL information, may be assigned to a recording sector within the OSA., or may be assigned elsewhere, such as in the LOA. Industrial applicability Tn the method of the present invention, when an optical recording medium such as a BD-WO type disc is placed into a programmable system such as that shown in FIG. 1, the optical disc recording/reproducuig device 100 searches the DMA assigned to the disc's LIA, detects the disc finalization flag from the DDS information of the DMA, checks its value, and thereby determines whether the disc has been finalized. If the disc finalization flag is a value showing that no disc finalization has occurred, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 searches and accesses write location information pertaining to the first and/or last (latest) TDFL information in the DDS information, to then search and ascesss the TDFL information. The optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 then carries out a series of replacement write operations or reproducing operations, If, on the other hand, the disc finalization flag is a value showing that disc finalization has occurred, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 searches and accesses write location 14 information pertaining to the first and/or last (latest) DFL information stored within the DPS information, to then search and access the DFL information. The optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 may then carry reproducing operations. By adopting the method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium according to the present invention, data to be written on a defective area of the disc is written, and effectively managed, through the performance of a replacement write operation in which the data is written in an alternative (spare) data area corresponding to the defective area. Thus, an optical recording medium such as the recently developed BD-WO type disc formatted according to the method can be used to record data through a write- once operation, so that recorded data can be reproduced, normally even when there &re defects present on the disc. Moreover, adoption of the method of the present invention will facilitate BD-WO standardization by providing a suitable write-once optical recording medium whereby data to be written on a defective area thereof can be effectively managed. It will become apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the method for managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same, according to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 15 What is claimed is: 1. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, comprising steps of: detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording sector of the optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the predetermined recording sector; replacing the data written in the defective recording sector, by writing the data in a spare area assigned to a data avea of the optical recording medium and writing locator information as temporary defect list information in an assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, the locator information being indicative of the defective recording sector; and writing, as disc definition structure information in a defect management area assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium, write location information for accessing the temporary defect list information and identification information for determining access to the write location, information, 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a disc fmalization step, said disc finalization step including stops of: writing the temporary defect list information as defect list information, and a final value for the write location information for accusing the defect list information, in the defect management area; and setting the identification information to a value indicative of disc realization and writing the value in the defect management area, wherein the set identification information determines access to file final write location information and wherein the set identifcation information and the final write location information are included in the dtsc definition structure 16 information, 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the identification information comprises a flag having a size greater than or equal to one byte, said flag determining access to the defect list information written in the defect management area when the optical recording medium is in a disc-finalized state and determining access to the temporary defect list information written in the assigned recording sector when the optical recording medium is not in the disc- finalized state. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within the data area of the optical recording medium. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within the lead- in area of the optical recording medium. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a lead- out area of the optical recording medium, 7. The method as claimed in claim1, wherein the assigned recording sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a non- user data area of the optical recording medium, disposed adjacent an outer spare area of the optical recording medium. 17 8. The method as claimed in claim. 1, wherein the assigned recording sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a user data area of the optical recording medium, preceding an outer spare area of the optical recording medium, 9. The method as claimed in, claim 1, wherein the locator information is written cumulatively. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locator information is written continuously. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in writing the replacement data in the spare area, the data is written beginning from one end of the spare area. 12 A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, comprising steps of: identifying a disc finalization state by searching a defect management area assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium and detecting and checking identification information indicative of lite disc finalization stare from disc definition structure information in the defect management area; selectively searching a; write location of defect list information or temporary defect list information in the disc definition structure information, based on the identification information; and carrying out a replacement writing operation or a normal reproducing operation for the defective area, based on the selectively searched defect list information and temporary defect list information. 18 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said selective-search step starches the write location of the defect list information written in the defect management area, when the identification information indicates that the optical recording medium is in the disc-finalised state. 14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said selective-search step includes a step of selectively searching a write location of a first temporary defect list information or a latest temporary defect list information written in a recording sector other than the defect management area, when, the identification information indicates that the optical recording medium is not in the disc- finalized state. 15. A write-once optical recording medium comprising: a data area; a lead-in area disposed adjacent said data area; and a defect management area in the lead-in area for writing as disc definition structure information a plurality of write locations for accessing temporary defect list information and defect list information and for writing identification information for selective access to the write location wherein the temporary defect list information and the defect list information are written in separate locations, 16. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the disc definition structure information further includes: write location information for accessing first defect list information written in the defect management area; and 19 write location information for accessing first temporary defect list information written in a recording sector other than the defect management area. 17. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the identification information comprises a flag having a size greater than or equal to one byte, said flag determining access to the defect list information written in the defect management area when the optical recording medium is in a disc- finalised state and determining access to the temporary defect list information written in the assigned recording sector when the optical recording medium is not in the disc-finalized state, 18. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein said data area, lead-in area, and detect management area are assigned per BD-WO Standards. 19. A system having a programmable device for optically recording/reproducing data to/from a write-once optical recording medium having a data area and a lead-in area disposed adjacent thereto;, said programmable device comprising; means for detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording sector of the optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the predetermined recording sector; means for replacing the data written in the defective recording sector by writing the data in a spare area assigned to the data area of the optical recording medium and writing locator information as temporary defect list information in an assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, the locator information being indicative of the defective recording sector; 20 means for writing write location information for accessing the temporary defect list information, and identification information for determining access to the write location information, as disc definition structure information in a defect management area assigned to the lead-in area of the optical recording medium; means for writing the temporary defect list information as defect list information, and a final value for the write location information for accessing the defect list information, in the defect management area; and means for setting the identification information to a value indicative of disc finalization and writing the value in the defect management area, wherein the set identification information determines access to the final write location information and wherein the set identification information and the final write location information are included in the disc definition structure information. 20. The system as claimed in claim 19, said programmable device further comprising: means for identifying a. disc finalization state by searching a defect management area assigned to a. lead-in area, of the optical recording medium and detecting and checking identification information indicative of the disc finalization state from disc defination structure information in the defect management area; means for selectively searching a write location of defect list information or temporary defect list information in the disc definition structure information, based on the identification information; and means for carrying out a replacement writing operation or a normal reproducing operation for the defective area, based on the selectively searched defect list information and temporary defect list information. 21 21. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, comprising steps of: recording in assigned recording sectors of the optical recording medium, write location information for respectively accessing a defect list (DFL) of the optical recording medium and a temporary defect list (TDFL) of the optical recording medium; searching the TDFL write location information when the optical recording medium is not in a disc-finalized state, to write defect management infomiation in the temporary defect list; and searching the DFL write location information when the optical recording medium is in the disc-finalized state, to read, defect management information from the defect list. 22. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, comprising steps of: first recording, in a first assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, write location information for accessing a temporary defeat list (TDFL); writing defect management information in the temporary defect list according to the TDFL write location information; second recording, in a second assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, write location information for accessing a defect List (DFL); and reading defect managememt information from the defect list according to the DFL write location infomnation, wherein said first recording step is performed when the optical recording 22 medium is not in a disc-finalized state and said second recording step is performed when the optical recording medium is in the disc-finalized state. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same, is provided. In an optical disc device for recording/reproducing data using an optical disc such as a BD WO type disc, the method permits the normal reading and reproducing of recording data written on a defective area of the disc, through a replacement write operation for the recording data of the defective area. When a defect is detected within a predetermined recording sector of the optical disc during the recording process, the recording data is written on. a spare area corresponding to the defective aiea and the fims writtci data is managed. To accomplish this during data recording, the method selectively searches a write location of temporary defect list (TDFL) information, which is effective before disc finalization, or defect list (QFL) information, which becomes e-ffettive -upon execution of a disc finalization operation. The TDFL information is written in an assigned recording sector and includes one or more defective area data locators indicative of defective areas as detected. Write location information and identification information enable the selective search of the DFL information after disc finalizadon and are written together with the DFL information, as disc definition inibnnation in a defect management area assigned to the disc's lead-in area.

Full Text

1
METHOD FOR MANAGING DEFECTIVE AREA ON WRITE-ONCE
OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM, AND OPTICAL RECORDING
MEDIUM USING THE SAME
Technical Field
The present invention relates to optical recording methods and media, and
in particular, to a method for managing a defective area on a WORM-type
optical recording medium, and an optical recording medium using the same.
The method is particularly adapted for recording data on write-once optical discs
such as those using the recently developed Blu-ray disc format known as BD-
WO.
Background Art
Data recording devices and media using optical read/write means have
generally been categorized according to their writing capability or flexibility.
Among read-only optical recording media, there are those using CD-ROM and
DVD-ROM formats, which have no write capability. Among known disc
standards that allow multiple write operations to be freely performed, there are
CD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW types, which are rewritable
compact discs and digital versatile discs.
WORM-type discs, on the other hand, are adopted for use as datastorage
devices requiring large storage capacity; Such discs, however, have limited
recording flexibility and are for use in write-once read-many applications.
These include CD-R and DVD-R types, which are recordable compact discs and
digital versatile discs.

2
Meanwhile, a new type of high-density DVD, known as a Blu-ray disc,
which is a large-capacity optical disc for recording high-quality audio and video
data using a blue violet laser, has been developed. The Blu-ray disc adopts a
rewritable disc format known as BD RE.
In the above types of optical recording media, surface imperfections and
defects are generated during theif manufacture, handling, or use. Accordingly,
a method for managing the defective areas is used during a data recording
operation, so that data reproduction can be carried out normally.
Referring to FIG 1, an optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 for
use with an optical recording medium 102, such as a BD-RE formatted disc,
receives a data/command input from a host (or controller) 200. The optical
disc recording/reproducing device 100 is provided with an optical pickup 104 for
writing/reading data to/from an inserted optical recording medium, a pickup
servo 106 for controlling the optical pickup to achieve proper tracking and to
maintain a, controlled distance with respect to the surface of the optical recording
rnedium, A data processor 108 for processing data to and from the optical pickup
by restoring to a desired signal value a reproduction signal received from the
optical pickup or by modulating a recording signal received from the host for
transfer to the disc, an interface 110 for transferring data between the host and
the recording/reproducing device, a microcomputer 112 for controlling the
recording/reproducing device; and a memory 114 for storing a program and for
temporarily storing various information including defect management
information and data. Under the control of the host 200 and stored
programming, the optical pickup 104 reads da la stored (or written) on a disc,
providing a data signal input to the data processor 108 for reproduction
processing and output, and writes data onto specified areas of the disc using a
write signal output from the data processor, During a write operation, the

3
optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 receives a data stream (or an
encoded analog signal) and outputs the write signal to the optical pickup 104 in
accordance with a command input via the host 200 and the program stored in the
memory 114 and executed by the microcomputer 112,
Refering to FIG. 2, a BH-RE type disc for use with the device of FIG. 1
is divided into assigned areas. The assigned areas essentially comprise a data
area set between a lead-in area (LIA) and a lead-out area (LOA). The data area
includes an inner spare area (ISA) adjacent the lead-in area and an outer spare
area (OSA) adjacent the lead-ont area.
As above the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 processes
input data from a host 200 and writes the data onto an optical disc in clusters
corresponding to an error correction code block unit. If during a writs
operation the existence of a defective area is detected in the data area, the optical
disc letrading/reproducing device 100 carries out a scries of replacement write
operations to write a data cluster corresponding to rhc detected defective area in
one of the two spare areas (shown in the example of FIG. 2 as the ISA).
Therefore, by writing a data cluster of a defective area in a spare area instead of
the defective area, the data can be read and reproduced from the spare area, thus
preventing the occurrence of writing errors even when an optical disc exhibits
defects in the data area and thereby assuring data security and data integrity.
The above method is carried out using an optical recording medium that
allows free access to the data recording areas since a rewritable disc is used.
Therefore, in managing the data of the defective areas, the optical disc
recording/reproducing device has unlimited use of the recording area. If a
WORM-type disc is used, however, the write operation is performed only once
and must be completed before normal data retrieval operations by the user can
be carried out

4
For example, another type of Blu-ray disc, using a format known as BD-
WO, has been recently developed. The BD-WO type disc, which is a write
once type disc, cannot make use of known methods for managing a defective
area on the disc, since the standardization of this type of disc fonnat has only
recently begun, AN immediate solution is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for managing a
defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical
recording medium (i.e., an optical disc such a BD-WO) using the same, that
substantially obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and
disadvantages of the related art.
An object of the present invention, which has been devised to solve the
foregoing problem, lies in providing a method for managing a defective area on
a write-once optical recording medium, by which data written in and read from a
defective area of the disc is relocated (rewritten), and then managed, through the
performance of a replacement write operation in which the data is written in an
alternative data area (spare area) corresponding to the defective area,
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for
managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, by which
normal data reproduction can be achieved after a data recording operation is
completed, irrespective of the existence of one or more defective areas detected
during recording.
It is another object of the present invention to provide data security and
data integrity in using a write-once optical recording medium, particularly for
data recording operations using a host computer reading from a BD-WO disc

5
and employing a linear replacement technique at the time of recording.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for
managing a defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, by which
BD WO standardization is facilitated.
It is anothct object of the present invention to provide an optical
recording medium suitable for adopting the above method.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a system for
utilizing an optical recording medium adopting the above method.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in
the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those having
ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned
from a practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the
invention will be realized and attained by the subject matter particularly pointed
out in the specification and claims hereof as welt as in the appended drawings.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the
present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a
method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium,
including steps of: detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording
sector of the optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the
predetermined recording sector; replacing the data written in the defective
recording sector, by writing the data in a spare area assigned to a data area of the
optical recording medium and mixing locator information as temporary defect
list information in an assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium,
the locator information being indicative of the defective recording sector; and
writing, as disc definition structure information in a defect management area
assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium, write location
information for accessing the temporary defect list information and identification

6
information for determining access to the write location information.
In another aspect of the present, there is provided a method for
managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording medium, including
steps of identifying a disc finalization state by searching a defect management
area assigned to a lead-in area, of the optical recording medium and detecting and
chocking identification information indicative of the disc finalization state from
disc definition structure information in the defect management area; selectively
searching a write location, of dafect list information or temporary defect list
information in the disc definition structurer information, based on the
identification informaticm; and carryiag out a replacement writing operation or a
normal reproducing operation for the defective area, based on the selectively
searched defect list information and temporary defect list information.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system
having a programmable device for optically recording/reproducing data to/from
a write-once optical recording medium,: The device can be programmed to
perform the necessary steps of the method of the present invention including
those for recording data and reproducing recorded data.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a write-once
optical recording medium including: a data area; a lead-in area disposed adjacent
the data area; and a defect management area in the lead-in area for writing
information pertaining to a plurality of write locations for accessing temporary
defect list information and defect list information and identification information
for selective access to the write locations, as disc definition structure information,
wherein the temporary defect list information and the defect list Information are
written in separate locations.
Adoption of the method of the present invention for an optical recording
medium such as a BD-WO disc assures data, security and data integrity,

7
particularly during data recording operations using a host computer employing a
linear replacement technique.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing explanation and the
following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and
illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present
invention as divined.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Further objects and advantages of the invention can be more fully
understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general optical disc
recording/reproducing device, according to a related art;
FIG 2 is a diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective
area on a rewritable optical recording medium, such as a BD-RE type disc;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing assigned areas of a write-once optical
recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, for illustrating a method for
managing a defective area on the disc, in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing locator information written according to the
method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing locator information written according to the
method of the present invention, whereby an access rate can be increased;
FIG. 6 is i diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective
area on a write-once optical recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, in
accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

8
FIG 7 is a diagram for illustrating a method for managing a defective
area on a write-once optical recording medium, such as a BD-WO type disc, in
accotdance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Best mode for Carrying Out the Invention
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the
present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying
drawings. Throughout ihe drawings, like dements are indicated using the same
or similar reference designations.
Referring to FIG. 3, in which assigned areas of an optical recording
mediurn such as a BD-WO type disc are depicted to illustrate the method
according to the present invention, a data area is set between a lead-in area (L1A)
and a lead-out area (LOA), wherein the data area is essentially comprised of a
user data area and a non-user data area disposed on either side of the user data
area. The user data area is assigned both physical sector numbers (PSN) and
logical sector numbers (LSN), while the non-user data areas are assigned
physical sector numbers only. The non-user data areas are respectively
comprised of an outer spare area (OSA) and a temporary defect list (TDFL) area.
The outer spare area is for writing data corresponding to a defective area, i.e.,
replacement data, while the TDFL area is for writing defective area data locators
pertaining to the defective areas as detected and the corresponding replacement
data. The defective area data locator information may be written either
cumulatively or continuously.
Though not shown in the drawings, the OSA and TDFL areas may be
alternatively located or there may be additionally assigned areas, such as an
inner spare area (ISA). For example, an ISA may be provided additionally or

9
substituted for the OSA, or the TDF L area may be disposed in a non-user data
area adjacent the OSA or in the LIA,
In recording data on an optical recording medium such as that shown (a
FIG. 3, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 of FIG. 1 executes an
internal program to write data in a temporally continuous manner on a
predetermined writing sector in the user data area. The write operation
progresses until data recording ends or until the last recording sector has been
recorded. Each instance of writing will be referred to as a data recording stage.
The predetermined writing sector is set as a defect verification unit
(DVU) by which, during the data recording stage, a defective area is detected
using a verify-after-write operation performed after each DVU. One DVU may
have a recording she equivalent to any number of physical tracks or clusters,
and for the sake of convenience in describing the embodiments of the present
invention, this recording size has been arbitrarily set to five clusters. A
plurality of defect verification units {DVU 1 through DVU n) make up one
instance of recording or a data recording stage having a. temporal continuity, and
each of data recording stages 1, 2, and 3 are made up of a number of DVUs
dependent on the amount of data being recorded.
The verify-after-write operation is perforrmed by the optical disc
recording/reproducing device 100, which executes a repetitious series of
detecting operations to determine the presence of defective areas corresponding
to the written data of one DVU. In each defective area detecting operation, the
data written in the DVU is reproduced to verify its recording status; that is, it is
determined whether the data was written successfully such that normal
reproduction is possible. If normal reproduction cannot be verified, it is
determined that a defect is present.
FOR example, after sequentially and continuously writing data in physical

10
cluster 1-5 of the DVU 1, through a recording operation S10, the optical disc
recording/reproducing device 100 performs a verify-after-write operation by
progressively reproducing the data written in the DVU 1, to verify normal
reproduction and thereby detect the presence of any defective areas. In
progressively reproducing, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100
sequentially reads the data as written, starting again from the first (or next in
position) cluster and reading continuously until detection of the first (or next)
occurrence of an unverifiable data cluster through a reproducing operation Sll,
indicating the presence of a defective area in, say, the physical cluster 2, Then,
the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 temporarily stores in its
memory 114 the data of the physical cluster 2. The temporarily stored
(buffered) data is used to carry out a replacement write operation through a
recording operation S12, whereby replacement data corresponding to the
defective cluster is written as a replacement cluster 2' in the OSA instead of the
defective area. Here, the data of the second cluster may be written starting
from either end of the OSA.
After the completion of a replacement write operation as above, the
optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 continues reproducing the data of
the DVU 1 through a reproducing operation S13, progressing to the next cluster,
i.e., to the physical cluster 3, When another defective area is detected in, say,
the physical cluster 4, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 carries
out another replacement write operation through a recording operation S14, in
which the data of the defective cluster is buffered and then written as a
replacement cluster 4' in the OSA in succession to the replacement cluster 2'.
A continuation of the veriry-after-write operation for DVU 1 through a
reproducing operation 515 may find no further defective areas, which completes
the data recording of DVU 1 for the data recording stage 1. Thus, the DVU 1

11
ultimately contains the data of the physical dusters 1, 3, and 5 and has two
defective areas, the data of which is written in the OSA as replacement clusters
2' and 4' corresponding to the defective areas. The same process is repeated
for each DVU until the conclusion of the data recording stage 1 by the execution
of recording and verify-after-write operations for the DVU n. In doing so, a
physical duster 6 is written as the first cluster of the DVU 2.
Thereafter, i.e., in succession to a completed verify-after-write operation
for the DVU n, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 writes a
defective area data, locator for identifying each defective area and locating the
corresponding replacement data. These locators arc written as TDFL
information and stored in the TDFL area. To increase the access rate of the
TDFL information, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 also writes,
as disc definition stroctme (DOS) information, write location, information in a
defect management area (DMA) assigned in the LI A.
As shown in FIG, 4, the TDFL information comprises a plurality of defect
entries, each expressed as pair of PSNs, i.e., a defect PSN and a replacement
PSN corresponding thereto. Here, fee defect PSN is the physical sector number
of the defective area, and the replacement PSN is the physical sector number of
the area in which the data of the defective area is written. Each defect entry
includes status information in addition to the PSNs. The status information is
comprised of status 1 and status 2 information, with the status 2 information
going unused in the present embodiment. The status 1 information indicates
the type of relationship existing between a defective or potentially defective area
and any replacement data corresponding thereto, including replacement data
recording status, address assignment, defective area confirmation, replacement
area availability, and the like.
The recording sector corresponding to, say, the 60th byte (60th byte

12
position) of the DPS information may include write location information for
accessing the first PSN for the currant TDFL information, i.e., the TDFL
information reflecting the latest (most recent) replacement write operation.
This write location information is written and managed together with
identification information, which comprises a disc finalization flag indicating
whether a disc finalization operation has been executed, signaling that the
writing process of an optical disc is finalized.
When the identification information shows no disc finalization, the
optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 reads the DMA and refers to the
writs location information to search for a write location. One byte of the
identification information may, for example, be written as "0000 XXXX" to
indicate that no disc finalization operation has been executed, to he set to "0000
1111" to indicate the execution of disc finalization, At the same time, the
identification information may have a size greater than one byte, and the
execution of the disc finalization operation may be indicated using values other
than "0000 XXXX" and "0000 1111." The DDS information, may include write
location information for accessing both the first TDFL and ihe current TDFL, or
for selectively accessing either.
When a disc finalization operation is executed actor ding to user
operation, the optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 sets the disc
finalization flag from a value (e.g., "0000 XXXX") indicating that no disc
finalization operation has been executed to a value (e.g., "0000 1111") indicating
a disc-finalized state and writes the TDFL information as defect list (DFL)
information in the DMA. Thus, upon disc finalization, the write location
information stored within the DDS information is written as a final value
indicative of the write locatiou of the DFL information, The recording sector
corresponding to the 24th byte (24th byte position) of the DDS information may

13
include write location information for accessing the first PSN of the DFL
information.
Referring to FIG. 5, the DDS information may, to increase the access rate
of the last or latest TDFL information (TDFL q), further include write location
information corresponding to the first PSN of the most recently written TDFL,
i.e., the TDFL information immediately preceding disc fifialization.
As shown in FIG 6, the TDFL information may be included in a
recording sector in the LIA, On the other hand, as shown in FIG 7, the TDFL
information, may be assigned to a recording sector within the OSA., or may be
assigned elsewhere, such as in the LOA.
Industrial applicability
Tn the method of the present invention, when an optical recording
medium such as a BD-WO type disc is placed into a programmable system such
as that shown in FIG. 1, the optical disc recording/reproducuig device 100
searches the DMA assigned to the disc's LIA, detects the disc finalization flag
from the DDS information of the DMA, checks its value, and thereby determines
whether the disc has been finalized. If the disc finalization flag is a value
showing that no disc finalization has occurred, the optical disc
recording/reproducing device 100 searches and accesses write location
information pertaining to the first and/or last (latest) TDFL information in the
DDS information, to then search and ascesss the TDFL information. The optical
disc recording/reproducing device 100 then carries out a series of replacement
write operations or reproducing operations, If, on the other hand, the disc
finalization flag is a value showing that disc finalization has occurred, the optical
disc recording/reproducing device 100 searches and accesses write location

14
information pertaining to the first and/or last (latest) DFL information stored
within the DPS information, to then search and access the DFL information.
The optical disc recording/reproducing device 100 may then carry reproducing
operations.
By adopting the method for managing a defective area on a write-once
optical recording medium according to the present invention, data to be written
on a defective area of the disc is written, and effectively managed, through the
performance of a replacement write operation in which the data is written in an
alternative (spare) data area corresponding to the defective area. Thus, an
optical recording medium such as the recently developed BD-WO type disc
formatted according to the method can be used to record data through a write-
once operation, so that recorded data can be reproduced, normally even when
there &re defects present on the disc. Moreover, adoption of the method of the
present invention will facilitate BD-WO standardization by providing a suitable
write-once optical recording medium whereby data to be written on a defective
area thereof can be effectively managed.
It will become apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made in the method for managing a
defective area on a write-once optical recording medium, and an optical
recording medium using the same, according to the present invention without
departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the
present invention cover such modifications and variations provided they come
within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

15
What is claimed is:
1. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical
recording medium, comprising steps of:
detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording sector of the
optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the predetermined
recording sector;
replacing the data written in the defective recording sector, by writing the
data in a spare area assigned to a data avea of the optical recording medium and
writing locator information as temporary defect list information in an assigned
recording sector of the optical recording medium, the locator information being
indicative of the defective recording sector; and
writing, as disc definition structure information in a defect management
area assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium, write location
information for accessing the temporary defect list information and identification
information for determining access to the write location, information,
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a disc
fmalization step, said disc finalization step including stops of:
writing the temporary defect list information as defect list information,
and a final value for the write location information for accusing the defect list
information, in the defect management area; and
setting the identification information to a value indicative of disc
realization and writing the value in the defect management area,
wherein the set identification information determines access to file final
write location information and wherein the set identifcation information and the
final write location information are included in the dtsc definition structure

16
information,
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the identification
information comprises a flag having a size greater than or equal to one byte, said
flag determining access to the defect list information written in the defect
management area when the optical recording medium is in a disc-finalized state
and determining access to the temporary defect list information written in the
assigned recording sector when the optical recording medium is not in the disc-
finalized state.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording
sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within the data
area of the optical recording medium.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording
sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within the lead-
in area of the optical recording medium.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assigned recording
sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a lead-
out area of the optical recording medium,
7. The method as claimed in claim1, wherein the assigned recording
sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a non-
user data area of the optical recording medium, disposed adjacent an outer spare
area of the optical recording medium.

17
8. The method as claimed in claim. 1, wherein the assigned recording
sector containing the temporary defect list information is located within a user
data area of the optical recording medium, preceding an outer spare area of the
optical recording medium,
9. The method as claimed in, claim 1, wherein the locator information is
written cumulatively.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locator information is
written continuously.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in writing the
replacement data in the spare area, the data is written beginning from one end of
the spare area.
12 A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical
recording medium, comprising steps of:
identifying a disc finalization state by searching a defect management
area assigned to a lead-in area of the optical recording medium and detecting and
checking identification information indicative of lite disc finalization stare from
disc definition structure information in the defect management area;
selectively searching a; write location of defect list information or
temporary defect list information in the disc definition structure information,
based on the identification information; and
carrying out a replacement writing operation or a normal reproducing
operation for the defective area, based on the selectively searched defect list
information and temporary defect list information.

18
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said selective-search step
starches the write location of the defect list information written in the defect
management area, when the identification information indicates that the optical
recording medium is in the disc-finalised state.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said selective-search step
includes a step of selectively searching a write location of a first temporary
defect list information or a latest temporary defect list information written in a
recording sector other than the defect management area, when, the identification
information indicates that the optical recording medium is not in the disc-
finalized state.
15. A write-once optical recording medium comprising:
a data area;
a lead-in area disposed adjacent said data area; and
a defect management area in the lead-in area for writing as disc definition
structure information a plurality of write locations for accessing temporary
defect list information and defect list information and for writing identification
information for selective access to the write location
wherein the temporary defect list information and the defect list
information are written in separate locations,
16. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the
disc definition structure information further includes:
write location information for accessing first defect list information
written in the defect management area; and

19
write location information for accessing first temporary defect list
information written in a recording sector other than the defect management area.
17. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the
identification information comprises a flag having a size greater than or equal to
one byte, said flag determining access to the defect list information written in the
defect management area when the optical recording medium is in a disc-
finalised state and determining access to the temporary defect list information
written in the assigned recording sector when the optical recording medium is
not in the disc-finalized state,
18. The optical recording medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein said
data area, lead-in area, and detect management area are assigned per BD-WO
Standards.
19. A system having a programmable device for optically
recording/reproducing data to/from a write-once optical recording medium
having a data area and a lead-in area disposed adjacent thereto;, said
programmable device comprising;
means for detecting, after writing data in a predetermined recording
sector of the optical recording medium, the existence of a defect within the
predetermined recording sector;
means for replacing the data written in the defective recording sector by
writing the data in a spare area assigned to the data area of the optical recording
medium and writing locator information as temporary defect list information in
an assigned recording sector of the optical recording medium, the locator
information being indicative of the defective recording sector;

20
means for writing write location information for accessing the temporary
defect list information, and identification information for determining access to
the write location information, as disc definition structure information in a defect
management area assigned to the lead-in area of the optical recording medium;
means for writing the temporary defect list information as defect list
information, and a final value for the write location information for accessing the
defect list information, in the defect management area; and
means for setting the identification information to a value indicative of
disc finalization and writing the value in the defect management area,
wherein the set identification information determines access to the final
write location information and wherein the set identification information and the
final write location information are included in the disc definition structure
information.
20. The system as claimed in claim 19, said programmable device further
comprising:
means for identifying a. disc finalization state by searching a defect
management area assigned to a. lead-in area, of the optical recording medium and
detecting and checking identification information indicative of the disc
finalization state from disc defination structure information in the defect
management area;
means for selectively searching a write location of defect list information
or temporary defect list information in the disc definition structure information,
based on the identification information; and
means for carrying out a replacement writing operation or a normal
reproducing operation for the defective area, based on the selectively searched
defect list information and temporary defect list information.

21
21. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical
recording medium, comprising steps of:
recording in assigned recording sectors of the optical recording medium,
write location information for respectively accessing a defect list (DFL) of the
optical recording medium and a temporary defect list (TDFL) of the optical
recording medium;
searching the TDFL write location information when the optical
recording medium is not in a disc-finalized state, to write defect management
infomiation in the temporary defect list; and
searching the DFL write location information when the optical recording
medium is in the disc-finalized state, to read, defect management information
from the defect list.
22. A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical
recording medium, comprising steps of:
first recording, in a first assigned recording sector of the optical recording
medium, write location information for accessing a temporary defeat list
(TDFL);
writing defect management information in the temporary defect list
according to the TDFL write location information;
second recording, in a second assigned recording sector of the optical
recording medium, write location information for accessing a defect List (DFL);
and
reading defect managememt information from the defect list according to
the DFL write location infomnation,
wherein said first recording step is performed when the optical recording

22
medium is not in a disc-finalized state and said second recording step is
performed when the optical recording medium is in the disc-finalized state.

A method for managing a defective area of a write-once optical recording
medium, and an optical recording medium using the same, is provided. In an
optical disc device for recording/reproducing data using an optical disc such as a
BD WO type disc, the method permits the normal reading and reproducing of
recording data written on a defective area of the disc, through a replacement
write operation for the recording data of the defective area. When a defect is
detected within a predetermined recording sector of the optical disc during the
recording process, the recording data is written on. a spare area corresponding to
the defective aiea and the fims writtci data is managed. To accomplish this
during data recording, the method selectively searches a write location of
temporary defect list (TDFL) information, which is effective before disc
finalization, or defect list (QFL) information, which becomes e-ffettive -upon
execution of a disc finalization operation. The TDFL information is written in
an assigned recording sector and includes one or more defective area data
locators indicative of defective areas as detected. Write location information
and identification information enable the selective search of the DFL
information after disc finalizadon and are written together with the DFL
information, as disc definition inibnnation in a defect management area assigned
to the disc's lead-in area.

Documents:

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Patent Number

218981

Indian Patent Application Number

01359/KOLNP/2005

PG Journal Number

16/2008

Publication Date

18-Apr-2008

Grant Date

16-Apr-2008

Date of Filing

14-Jul-2005

Name of Patentee

LG ELECTRONICS INC.,

Applicant Address

20, YOIDO-DONG, YOUNGDUNGPO-GU, 150-721 SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	PARK YONG CHEOL	215-204, JUGONG APT., WONMIN-DONG, 427-030 GWACHON-SI, GYEONGGI-DO, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
2	KIM SUNG DAE	1110-1406, JUGONG APT, SANBON I(IL)-DONG, 435-746 GUNPO-SI, GYEONGGI-DO, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

PCT International Classification Number

G11B 20/18

PCT International Application Number

PCT/KR2003/002598

PCT International Filing date

2003-11-27

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	10-2003-0002328	2003-01-14	Republic of Korea