Title of Invention	A METHOD OF IMPROVING HARD HANDOFF IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Abstract	A method of improving hard handofts in a communication system comprising a source base station (BS) 114, a target BS 106 and a mobile switching center (MSC) 104. In particular, when a handoff is needed, a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station (MS) 202 are communicated from the source BS to the target BS, Upon receiving a handoff request message, the target base station selects either the requested service option or an alternate service option. The alternate service option is chosen based on one or more of the MS's service option capabilities, service option priorities, and resources available in the target BS. The selected service option is communicated to the source BS and the MS.

Title of Invention

A METHOD OF IMPROVING HARD HANDOFF IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

A method of improving hard handofts in a communication system comprising a source base station (BS) 114, a target BS 106 and a mobile switching center (MSC) 104. In particular, when a handoff is needed, a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station (MS) 202 are communicated from the source BS to the target BS, Upon receiving a handoff request message, the target base station selects either the requested service option or an alternate service option. The alternate service option is chosen based on one or more of the MS's service option capabilities, service option priorities, and resources available in the target BS. The selected service option is communicated to the source BS and the MS.

Full Text	1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING HARD HANDOFFS IN CDMA SYSTEMS Reference(s) to Related Application(s) The present application claims priority from provisional application, Serial No. 60/431,296. entitled 'METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING HARD HANDOFFS IN CDMA SYSTEMS," filed December 6,2002, which is commonly owned and incorporated Herein by reference in its entirety. Field of the invention The present invention relates generally to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus far improving hard handoff in a CDMA system. Background of the Invention Currently, a source base station does not convey mobile station service option capabilities to a target base station during the handoff process. Rather than having the source base station convey this information, current standards require the source base station to be provisioned with the target base station service option capabilities. With this provisioned capability Information, the source base station proposes a service option to the target base station to be configured in the mobile station during the handoff process. However, the target base station may not be able to support the source- proposed service option due to resource constrainte or other transient prohibiting factors. As such, the standard allows the target base station to select an alternate service option to be configured in the mobile during the handoff process. This can be problematic. Because the mobile station's service option capabilities are not conveyed to the target base station, the target base 2 station cannot reliably or optimally select an alternate service option to be configured in the mobile station during the handoff. Thus, there is a need for a method of improving hard handoffs in CDMA systems. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG, 1 is a system block diagram in support of the method of improving hard haridoffs of tha present invention, FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of improving hard handoffs of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Drawings The present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving hard handoffs in CDMA systems by conveying service option information between a source base station and a target base station during hard handoff- Three improvements can be realized if authorized mobile station service option capabilities and service option preference is conveyed to the target base station: 1) the requirement for network operators to provision each source base station with the service option capabilities of each target base station is eliminated; 2) the target base station is able to reliably and optimally choose an alternate service option based on authorized mobile service option capabilities and the availability of service option resources in the target base station; and 3) the target base station is able to optimally choose an alternate service option based on a mobile station's preferred service option. In a first embodiment of the invention, a source base station (BS) sends a request for handoff to a mobile switching center (MSC), The request includes a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station (MS). Later, the source BS receives a handoff command including a service option selected by a target BS. In the first embodiment, the selected service option is either the service option requested by the source BS or a service option contained in the 3 list of service options supported by the MS. The source BS. in turn, sends a handoff direction message containing the selected service option to the MS. In a second embodiment of the present invention, a target BS receives a request for handoff. The request iadud.es a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a MS. Upon receiving the request, the target BS determines whether the requested service option is supported. When the requested service option is not supported, the iarget BS selects an alternate service option from the list of service options. When the requested service option is supported, the target BS selects the requested service option, Next, the target BS sends a handoff request acknowledge containing the selected service option to a MSC. In a third embodiment of the invention, the MSC receives a request for handoff from the source BS, wherein the request includes a requested service option and a list of service options supported by the mobile station. The MSC sends a handoff request message to the target base station. The handoff request message includes the requested service option and the fist of service options supported by the mobile station. Prior to sending the handoff request message to the target base station, the MSC may remove one or more unauthorized service options from the list of service options supported by the mobile station. In that case, the list of sen/ice options supported by the mobile station will include mobile supported and authorized service options. Referring now to FIG. 1, a logical block diagram of a system in support of the present invention is shown. In particular, FIG. 1 is an abbreviated reference model for CDMA2000 Radio Access Networks and illustrates the relationship among network component in support of the method of the present invention. The function and operation of the components shown in FIG, 1 are commonly known by one of ordinary skill in the art and will not be discussed in detail herein. FIG. 1 depicts target and source base stations (BSs) 106, 114 in communication with 4 mobile switching center (MSC) 104 over A1, A2 and A5 interfaces. The A1 interface 105 Is used to provide a signaling connection between the BS 106,114 and the MSC 104. The A2 Interface is used to provide a path for user traffic for circuit-oriented voice and Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) calls between the BS 106,114 and the MSC 104. The A5 interface is used to provide a path for user traffic for circuit-oriented data calls between the BS 106,114 and the MSC 104. The MSC 104 may in fact be two MSCs if a handoff is occurring inter- MSC. ln such a case, the two MSCs could communicate with each other over an ANSi-41 interface (not shown) which is used to provide a signaling connection and path for user traffic between MSCs serving a source BS 114 and a target BS 106. User traffic could be communicated between two MSCs over a User Traffic Interface (not shown). Both the target BS 106 and source BS 114 include a base station controller (BSC) 108,116, respectively, and one or more base transceiver stations (BTS) 110,118, respectively. The BTSs 110,118 include wireless transceivers for wire less ly communicating with wireless devices (not shown) The wireless devices and BTSs 110, 113 provide for coding, decoding, error checking and correction, Frame type determination, power control, wireless transmission and reception and other similar functions as is otherwise generally understood in the art. Tne BTS 110,118 typically couples with one or more BSCs 108,116 that can include selector distributor units (SDUs). The MSC 104 includes call control mobility management and switch functionality as is generally understood in the art. In an embodiment of the present invention, the method of the present invention runs in the BS 106,114 and MSC 104 on any commercially available processor or computer, FIG, 2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention wherein the target BS 106 changes the service option during a hard handoff in response to the source BS 114 conveying the service options supported by the MS 202. At step a, based on an MS report that it 5 crossed a network specified threshold for signal strength or for other reasons, the source BS 114 recommends a hard handgff to one or more cells in the domain of the target BS 106. The source BS 114 sends a handc-ff required message with the list of cells and a requested service option to the MSC 104. The message also contains a ttat of service options supported by the MS 202. This service option list may be prioritized according to the MS's preference. At step b. the MSC 104 sands a handoff request message to the target BS 106. This message carries the list of MS supported service options. Any service option priority information is preserved. In addition, the MSC 104 may remove unauthorized service options from this list. In such a caseP the target BS 106 receives mo bite-supported and mobile-authorized service options. Upon receipt of the handoff request message from the MSC 104, the target BS 106 selects a service option to be used during tne handoff. If the target BS 106 determines that the requested service option is not supported, it selects an alternate service option based on the MS's service option capabilities, service option priorities, and the resources available in the target BS 106. The target BS 106 then allocates appropriate radio resources and initiates connection of the call. The target 6S 106 sends null forward traffic channel frames to the MS 202 (step C). At step d, the target BS 106 sends a handoff request acknowledge message to the MSC 104. The target BS 106 includes the new service option it selected in the service configuration record information -atement contained in the handoff acknowledge message. At step e, upon receipt of the handoff request acknowledge message, the MSC 104 prepares to switch from the source BS 114 to the target BS 106 and sends a handoff command to the source BS 114. The MSC 104 includes the service option it received from the handoff request acknowledgement message in the handoff command message. At step f, the source BS 114 sends a handoff direction message containing the new service option (General Handoff Direction Message 6 or Universal Handoff Direction Message) to the MS 202. At step g, the MS 202 may acknowledge the handoff direction message by sending an MS ack order to the source BS 114. At step h, the source BS sends a handoff commenced message to the MSC 104 to notify it that the MS 202 has been ordered to move to the target BS channel. At step i, the MS 202 sends reverse traffic channel frames or the traffic channel preamble to the target BS 106. At step j, the MS 202 sends a handoff completion message to the target BS 106. At step kh the target BS 106 sends the BS ack order to the MS 202 over the air interface. At step I, the target BS 106 sends a handoff complete message to the MSC 104 to notify it that the MS 202 has successfully completed the hard handoff. At step m, the MSC 104 sends a clear command to the source BS 114. At step n. the source BS 114 sends a clear complete message to the MSC 104 to notify it that clearing has been accomplished. While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modification, equivalents and alternatives falling within the invention as defined by the following appended claims. 7 What Is Claimed Is: 1 , In a communication system comprising a source base station, a target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of Improving hard handoff comprising: by the source base station, sending a request for handoff to the mobile switching center, wherein the request comprises a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobils station; receiving by the source base station, a handoff command comprising a service option selected by the target base station, wherein the selected service option comprises one of the requested service option and a service option in the list of service options supported by the mobile station; and sending, by the source base station, a handoff direction message containing the selected service option to the MS, 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the request for handoff recommends a hard handoff to one or more cells in a domain of the target base station. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the list of service options is prioritized according to a preference of the mobile station. 4. In a communication system comprising a source base station, a target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of improving hard handoft comprising, by the target base station, receiving a request for handoff wherein the request comprises a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station; determining whether the requested service option is supported; 8 when the requested service option is not supported, selecting an alternate service option; when the requested service option is supported, selecting the requested service option; and sending, by the target base station, a handoff request acknowledge comprising the selected service option, 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of selecting an alternate service option comprises selecting the alternate service option based on one or more of a MS's service option capabilities, service option priorities, and resources available in the target base station. 6. The method of claim 4 further comprising sending a handoff request acknowledge massage to the mobile switching center, wherein the message comprises the selected service option. 7. In a communication system comprising a source base station, a target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of improving hard handoff comprising: receiving, by the mobile switching center, a request for handoff from the source base station, wherein the request comprises a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station; and sending, by the mobile switching center, a handoff request message to the target base station, wherein the request message comprises the requested service option and the list of service options supported by the mobile station. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of sending comprises: removing one or more unauthorized service options from the list of service options supported by the mobile station to produce a list of mobile supported and authorized service options; and 9 sending a handoff request message to the target base station, wherein the message comprises the requested service option and the list of mobile supported and authorized service options. 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising: receiving a handoff request acknowledge message comprising a service option selected by the target base station; preparing to switch from the source base station to the target base station; and sending a handoff command to the source base station, wherein the command comprises the service option selected by the target base station. A. method of improving hard handofts in a communication system comprising a source base station (BS) 114, a target BS 106 and a mobile switching center (MSC) 104. tn particular, when a handoff is needed, a requested service option and a list of service options supported by a mobile station (MS) 202 are communicated from the source BS to the target BS, Upon receiving a handoff request message, the target base station selects either the requested service option or an alternate service option. The alternate service option is chosen based on one or more of the MS"s service option capabilities, service option priorities, and resources available in the target BS. The selected service option is communicated to the source BS and the MS.

Full Text

1
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING HARD HANDOFFS
IN CDMA SYSTEMS
Reference(s) to Related Application(s)
The present application claims priority from provisional
application, Serial No. 60/431,296. entitled 'METHOD AND
APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING HARD HANDOFFS IN CDMA
SYSTEMS," filed December 6,2002, which is commonly owned and
incorporated Herein by reference in its entirety.
Field of the invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of
communication systems, and more particularly, to a method and
apparatus far improving hard handoff in a CDMA system.
Background of the Invention
Currently, a source base station does not convey mobile station
service option capabilities to a target base station during the handoff
process. Rather than having the source base station convey this
information, current standards require the source base station to be
provisioned with the target base station service option capabilities. With
this provisioned capability Information, the source base station proposes
a service option to the target base station to be configured in the mobile
station during the handoff process. However, the target base station
may not be able to support the source- proposed service option due to
resource constrainte or other transient prohibiting factors. As such, the
standard allows the target base station to select an alternate service
option to be configured in the mobile during the handoff process. This
can be problematic. Because the mobile station's service option
capabilities are not conveyed to the target base station, the target base

2
station cannot reliably or optimally select an alternate service option to
be configured in the mobile station during the handoff.
Thus, there is a need for a method of improving hard handoffs in
CDMA systems.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG, 1 is a system block diagram in support of the method of
improving hard haridoffs of tha present invention,
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of
improving hard handoffs of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawings
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for
improving hard handoffs in CDMA systems by conveying service option
information between a source base station and a target base station
during hard handoff- Three improvements can be realized if authorized
mobile station service option capabilities and service option preference
is conveyed to the target base station: 1) the requirement for network
operators to provision each source base station with the service option
capabilities of each target base station is eliminated; 2) the target base
station is able to reliably and optimally choose an alternate service
option based on authorized mobile service option capabilities and the
availability of service option resources in the target base station; and 3)
the target base station is able to optimally choose an alternate service
option based on a mobile station's preferred service option.
In a first embodiment of the invention, a source base station (BS)
sends a request for handoff to a mobile switching center (MSC), The
request includes a requested service option and a list of service options
supported by a mobile station (MS). Later, the source BS receives a
handoff command including a service option selected by a target BS. In
the first embodiment, the selected service option is either the service
option requested by the source BS or a service option contained in the

3
list of service options supported by the MS. The source BS. in turn,
sends a handoff direction message containing the selected service
option to the MS.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a target BS
receives a request for handoff. The request iadud.es a requested
service option and a list of service options supported by a MS. Upon
receiving the request, the target BS determines whether the requested
service option is supported. When the requested service option is not
supported, the iarget BS selects an alternate service option from the list
of service options. When the requested service option is supported, the
target BS selects the requested service option, Next, the target BS
sends a handoff request acknowledge containing the selected service
option to a MSC.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the MSC receives a
request for handoff from the source BS, wherein the request includes a
requested service option and a list of service options supported by the
mobile station. The MSC sends a handoff request message to the
target base station. The handoff request message includes the
requested service option and the fist of service options supported by the
mobile station. Prior to sending the handoff request message to the
target base station, the MSC may remove one or more unauthorized
service options from the list of service options supported by the mobile
station. In that case, the list of sen/ice options supported by the mobile
station will include mobile supported and authorized service options.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a logical block diagram of a system in
support of the present invention is shown. In particular, FIG. 1 is an
abbreviated reference model for CDMA2000 Radio Access Networks
and illustrates the relationship among network component in support of
the method of the present invention. The function and operation of the
components shown in FIG, 1 are commonly known by one of ordinary
skill in the art and will not be discussed in detail herein. FIG. 1 depicts
target and source base stations (BSs) 106, 114 in communication with

4
mobile switching center (MSC) 104 over A1, A2 and A5 interfaces. The
A1 interface 105 Is used to provide a signaling connection between the
BS 106,114 and the MSC 104. The A2 Interface is used to provide a
path for user traffic for circuit-oriented voice and Integrated Service
Digital Network (ISDN) calls between the BS 106,114 and the MSC
104. The A5 interface is used to provide a path for user traffic for
circuit-oriented data calls between the BS 106,114 and the MSC 104.
The MSC 104 may in fact be two MSCs if a handoff is occurring inter-
MSC. ln such a case, the two MSCs could communicate with each
other over an ANSi-41 interface (not shown) which is used to provide a
signaling connection and path for user traffic between MSCs serving a
source BS 114 and a target BS 106. User traffic could be
communicated between two MSCs over a User Traffic Interface (not
shown).
Both the target BS 106 and source BS 114 include a base station
controller (BSC) 108,116, respectively, and one or more base
transceiver stations (BTS) 110,118, respectively. The BTSs 110,118
include wireless transceivers for wire less ly communicating with wireless
devices (not shown) The wireless devices and BTSs 110, 113 provide
for coding, decoding, error checking and correction, Frame type
determination, power control, wireless transmission and reception and
other similar functions as is otherwise generally understood in the art.
Tne BTS 110,118 typically couples with one or more BSCs 108,116
that can include selector distributor units (SDUs). The MSC 104
includes call control mobility management and switch functionality as is
generally understood in the art. In an embodiment of the present
invention, the method of the present invention runs in the BS 106,114
and MSC 104 on any commercially available processor or computer,
FIG, 2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention
wherein the target BS 106 changes the service option during a hard
handoff in response to the source BS 114 conveying the service options
supported by the MS 202. At step a, based on an MS report that it

5
crossed a network specified threshold for signal strength or for other
reasons, the source BS 114 recommends a hard handgff to one or more
cells in the domain of the target BS 106. The source BS 114 sends a
handc-ff required message with the list of cells and a requested service
option to the MSC 104. The message also contains a ttat of service
options supported by the MS 202. This service option list may be
prioritized according to the MS's preference.
At step b. the MSC 104 sands a handoff request message to the
target BS 106. This message carries the list of MS supported service
options. Any service option priority information is preserved. In
addition, the MSC 104 may remove unauthorized service options from
this list. In such a caseP the target BS 106 receives mo bite-supported
and mobile-authorized service options. Upon receipt of the handoff
request message from the MSC 104, the target BS 106 selects a service
option to be used during tne handoff. If the target BS 106 determines
that the requested service option is not supported, it selects an alternate
service option based on the MS's service option capabilities, service
option priorities, and the resources available in the target BS 106. The
target BS 106 then allocates appropriate radio resources and initiates
connection of the call. The target 6S 106 sends null forward traffic
channel frames to the MS 202 (step C).
At step d, the target BS 106 sends a handoff request
acknowledge message to the MSC 104. The target BS 106 includes the
new service option it selected in the service configuration record
information -atement contained in the handoff acknowledge message. At
step e, upon receipt of the handoff request acknowledge message, the
MSC 104 prepares to switch from the source BS 114 to the target BS
106 and sends a handoff command to the source BS 114. The MSC
104 includes the service option it received from the handoff request
acknowledgement message in the handoff command message.
At step f, the source BS 114 sends a handoff direction message
containing the new service option (General Handoff Direction Message

6
or Universal Handoff Direction Message) to the MS 202. At step g, the
MS 202 may acknowledge the handoff direction message by sending an
MS ack order to the source BS 114. At step h, the source BS sends a
handoff commenced message to the MSC 104 to notify it that the MS
202 has been ordered to move to the target BS channel. At step i, the
MS 202 sends reverse traffic channel frames or the traffic channel
preamble to the target BS 106.
At step j, the MS 202 sends a handoff completion message to the
target BS 106. At step kh the target BS 106 sends the BS ack order to
the MS 202 over the air interface. At step I, the target BS 106 sends a
handoff complete message to the MSC 104 to notify it that the MS 202
has successfully completed the hard handoff. At step m, the MSC 104
sends a clear command to the source BS 114. At step n. the source BS
114 sends a clear complete message to the MSC 104 to notify it that
clearing has been accomplished.
While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way
of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein.
However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to
be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to
cover all modification, equivalents and alternatives falling within the
invention as defined by the following appended claims.

7
What Is Claimed Is:
1 , In a communication system comprising a source base station, a
target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of
Improving hard handoff comprising:
by the source base station, sending a request for handoff to the
mobile switching center, wherein the request comprises a requested
service option and a list of service options supported by a mobils
station;
receiving by the source base station, a handoff command
comprising a service option selected by the target base station, wherein
the selected service option comprises one of the requested service
option and a service option in the list of service options supported by the
mobile station; and
sending, by the source base station, a handoff direction message
containing the selected service option to the MS,
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the request for handoff
recommends a hard handoff to one or more cells in a domain of the
target base station.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the list of service options is
prioritized according to a preference of the mobile station.
4. In a communication system comprising a source base station, a
target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of
improving hard handoft comprising,
by the target base station, receiving a request for handoff wherein
the request comprises a requested service option and a list of service
options supported by a mobile station;
determining whether the requested service option is supported;

8
when the requested service option is not supported, selecting an
alternate service option;
when the requested service option is supported, selecting the
requested service option; and
sending, by the target base station, a handoff request
acknowledge comprising the selected service option,
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of selecting an alternate
service option comprises selecting the alternate service option based on
one or more of a MS's service option capabilities, service option
priorities, and resources available in the target base station.
6. The method of claim 4 further comprising sending a handoff
request acknowledge massage to the mobile switching center, wherein
the message comprises the selected service option.
7. In a communication system comprising a source base station, a
target base station and a mobile switching center, a method of
improving hard handoff comprising:
receiving, by the mobile switching center, a request for handoff
from the source base station, wherein the request comprises a
requested service option and a list of service options supported by a
mobile station; and
sending, by the mobile switching center, a handoff request
message to the target base station, wherein the request message
comprises the requested service option and the list of service options
supported by the mobile station.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of sending comprises:
removing one or more unauthorized service options from the list
of service options supported by the mobile station to produce a list of
mobile supported and authorized service options; and

9
sending a handoff request message to the target base station,
wherein the message comprises the requested service option and the
list of mobile supported and authorized service options.
9. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
receiving a handoff request acknowledge message comprising a
service option selected by the target base station;
preparing to switch from the source base station to the target
base station; and
sending a handoff command to the source base station, wherein
the command comprises the service option selected by the target base
station.

A. method of improving hard handofts in a communication system
comprising a source base station (BS) 114, a target BS 106 and a
mobile switching center (MSC) 104. tn particular, when a handoff is
needed, a requested service option and a list of service options
supported by a mobile station (MS) 202 are communicated from the
source BS to the target BS, Upon receiving a handoff request message,
the target base station selects either the requested service option or an
alternate service option. The alternate service option is chosen based
on one or more of the MS"s service option capabilities, service option
priorities, and resources available in the target BS. The selected service
option is communicated to the source BS and the MS.

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Patent Number

221121

Indian Patent Application Number

01298/KOLNP/2005

PG Journal Number

25/2008

Publication Date

20-Jun-2008

Grant Date

18-Jun-2008

Date of Filing

05-Jul-2005

Name of Patentee

MOTOROLA, INC.

Applicant Address

1303 EAST ALGONQUIN ROAD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60196

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	SCRIBANO GINO A.	40W060 EMILY DICKENSON LANE, ST. CHARLES, ILLINOIS 60175
2	CONNESS KENT M.	1846 GRANT STREET, DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS 60515
3	MARTINOVICH KRSMAN	52 NORTH WALNUT COURT, STREAMWOOD, ILLINOIS 60107

PCT International Classification Number

H04Q 7/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US2003/041859

PCT International Filing date

2003-12-05

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	10/726,233	2003-12-02	U.S.A.
2	60/431,296	2002-12-06	U.S.A.