Title of Invention

A PROCESS FOR PURIFYING HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE IN A MIXTURE OF HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE AND TETRAHYDROAZEPINE

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for purifying hexamethylene diamine in a mixture comprising hexamethylene diamine and tetrahydroazepine comprising the step of electrochemical conversion of tetrahydroazepine contained in said mixture into perhydroazepine in the presence of solvated protons at a current density from 1 to 30 mA/om<SUP>3</SUp> and a voltage from 144 to 58 V and separating and tetrahydroazepine from this reacting mixture in a known manner.

Full Text

The present invention relates to a process for purifying hexamethylene diamine in a mixture of hexamethylene diamine and tetrahydroazepine. The present invention generally relates to a process for reducing the level of an unsaturated cyclic imine (I) of the formula (I) r where R1 is alkenyl having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 carbon atoms belonging to the ring sysrem, in a mixture comprising hexamethylenediamine and an imine (I) by electrochemical conversion of an imine (I) in a mixture comprising hexamethylenediamine and an imine (I) in the presence of solvated protons into a saturated cyclic amine of the formula (II) It is commonly known, for example from Weissermel/Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, Verlag Chemie, third edition, 1988, page 266, and WO-A-96/20166, to hydrogenate adiponitrile in the presence of ammonia under high pressure conditions over heterogeneous catalysts to form 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and/or hexamethylenediamine (HMD), which are both important intermediates for the manufacture of polyamides such as nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 - Depending on the catalyst used, this hydrogenation gives rise to varying amounrs of undesirable by-products, such as tetrahydroazepine (THA), l-amino-2-cyanocyclopentene {ICCP), 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine (AMCPA), 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DCH) and bishexamethylenetriamine (BKMTA), which - unlike the by-produced perhydroazepine (also known as hexamethyleneimine; HMI) - are very difficult to separate from the product of value, ACN and/or HMD. i^or insrance, Ub-A-4,282,381 discloses (in column 2 of Table 1) that the hydrogenation of adiponitrile to form HMD in the presence of iron catalysts by-produces, inter alia, on average from 200 to 900 ppm of tetrahydroazepine. High levels of THA necessitate a great deal of purification, by distillation, for example, which is reflected in considerable capital expenditure and energy costs or high chemical consumption, especially by complex hydrides such as NaBH4 or LiAlH4. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for reducing the THA content of mixtures comprising HMD and THA in a technically simple and economical manner. We have found that this object is achieved by the process defined at the beginning. The unsaturated cyclic imine (I) is a compound of the formula where R^ is an alkylene radical having 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 preferably 5, carbon atoms belonging to the ring system. The alkylene radical may bear substituents; the alkylene radical is preferably a pure, preferably unbranched, hydrocarbon radical. Preferred alkylene radicals are the trimethylene,, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonamethylene, decamethylene, undecamethylene groups, especially pentamethylene. Compound (I) may be a mixture of different suih imines, but preferably is one such imine. The amines (II) obtainable by the process of the present invention generally have the same radical R1 as the imines (II) used as starting material. Compound (I) is particularlv preferably THA of the formula The process of the present invention converts it into perhydroazepine of the formula as compound (II). According to the present invention, THA is used in mixtures comprising HMD and THA. Such mixtures are obtainable for example in the aforementioned hydrogenation of adiponitrile. The THA contents based on HMD range customarily from 100 to 2500, especially from 200 to 900, ppm. A mixture comprising HMD and an imine (I) can be used for the conversion in pure form or preferably in mixtures with liquid diluents. Advantageous liquid diluents are hydroxyl-containing compounds, preferably water or alcohols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methylpropanol, 1-methylpropanol, preferably water or methanol, especially water, or mixtures thereof, and also mixtures of such hydroxyl-containing compounds with non-hydroxyl-containing compounds, preferably ethers, such as dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof- The amount of liquid diluent is easily ascertained in a few simple preliminary tests. For an HMD/THA mixture having a THA content withi-n the range from • 100 to 2500, especially from 200 to 900, ppm, the presence of water and/or methanol, especially water, in an amount of from 0.01 to 20% by weight based on the total mixture will be particularly advantageous• The electrochemical conversion is suitably carried out using electrolysis cells having one, preferably more than one, such as 2, 3 or 4, especially 2, cell compartments. If a plurality of cell compartments are used, the compartments are advantageously separated from each other by ion-permeable membranes. In the case of 2 compartments, suitable membranes used are especially cation-permeable, especially proton-permeable, membranes. Such membranes are commonly known and commercially available for example under the tradename Nafion, for example Nafion 324 (from DuPont). The anode space advantageously has filled into it a liquid which, on application of a voltage to the electrolysis cell, is capable of forming solvated protons on the anode side. Suitable liquids include hydroxyl-containing compounds, such as water or acids, preferably organic acids, such as mono- or dicarboxylic acids, or their salts, and also their mixtures. To enhance the electrical conductivity, these liquids may be admixed with organic or inorganic bases, such as HMD, preferably inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, especially organic acids, such as adipic acid, in amounts from 0.1 to 2% by weight based on total liquid. Such liquids typically form solvated protons, and evolve oxygen at the same time, on a voltage being applied to the electrolysis cell. Anode materials for this elementary reaction of the electrolysis cell are known per se and commercially available. Materials which are advantageous to use include, for example, an Ru-Ta-Ti mixed oxide or an Ir-Ti mixed oxide, commercially available as Dendra DSA Elektrode or Heraeus Pita 64. The cathode space of the electrolysis cell has filled into it a mixture comprising HMD and an imine (I). To enhance the electrical conductivity, the cathode space may have introduced into it organic, preferably inorganic, salts, for example alkali metal halides such as lithium chloride, inorganic or organic bases or inorganic or organic acids, for example monocarboxylic acid, preferably dicarboxylic acids, especially adipic acid, in amounts from 0.1 to 2% by weight based on total • catholyte. Advantageously, the catholyts may include a material which is catalytically active for the reaction and which is preferably heterogeneous with regard to the catholyte, such as finely divided metal, preferably iron, Raney cobalt or Raney nickel, especially Raney nickel, in amounts from 1 to 20% by weight based on the catholyte. After the reacrion, such catalytically active materials can be separated from the mixture in a conventional and simple manner, as by filtration. Filter materials of the cathode for this elementary reaction of the electrolysis cell are known per se and commercially available. It may be advantageous to use metal filters such as stainless steel filters or filters composed of platinized titanium. The reaction is customarily carried out at a temperarure an which anolyte and catholyre are present in liquid form, preferably at from 10 to 60oC, especially at from 26 to 40oC. The current density is advantageously from 1 to 30 mA/cm2, preferably from 15 to 30 mA/cm2, which results in voltages from 14.4 to 53 V, preferably from 14.4 to 36 V. The compound (II) which is formed from the starting mixture of the invention, comprising HMD and imine (I), can be separated from the product mixture in a conventional manner, as by distillation, crystallization or extraction. Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for purifying hexamethylene diamine in a mixture comprising hexamethylene diamine and tetrahydroazepine comprising the step of electrochemical conversion of tetrahydroazepine contained in said mixture into perhydroazepine in the presence of solvated protons at a current density from 1 to 30 mA/om and a voltage from 144 to 58 V and separating tetrahydroazepine from this reacting mixture in a known manner. Example The examples were carried out under the following conditions: WE CLAIM: 1. A process for purifying hexamethylene diamine in a mixture comprising hexamethylene diamine and tetrahydroazepine comprising the step of electrochemical conversion of tetrahydroazepine contained in said mixture into perhydroazepine in the presence of solvated protons at a current density from 1 to 30 mA/om and a voltage from 144 to 58 V and separating tetrahydroazepine from this reacting mixture in a known manner. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion is carried out in the presence of water or of an alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the conversion is carried out in the presence of a catalyst. 4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the catalyst used is Raney nickel 5. The process as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the conversion is carried out in the presence of an organic acid. 6. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic acid used is a mono or dicarboxylic acid. 7. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dicarboxylic acid used is adipic acid. 8. A process for purifying hexamethylene diamine in a mixture of hexamethylene diamine and tetrahydroazepine substantially as herein described and exemplified.

Documents:

in-pct-2001-0160-che abstract-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-0160-che claims-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-0160-che description (complete)-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- abstract.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- claims.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- correspondence others.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- correspondence po.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- descripition complete.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- form 1.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- form 26.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- form 3.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- form 5.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- other documents.pdf

in-pct-2001-160-che- pct.pdf