Indian Patents. 224180:LAUNDRY TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS

Title of Invention	LAUNDRY TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS
Abstract	A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt% of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 570 mn to 630 mn, the combination comprising a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton.

Full Text	FORM - 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & The Patents Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See Section 10 and Rule 13) LAUNDRY. TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. 30-7-2008 GRANTED LAUNDRY TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS TECHNICAL FI5LD The present invention relates to laundry treatment compositions which comprise dye which is substantive to cotton. BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART Dyes have been included in laundry treatment products for many years. Perhaps the oldest use of dyes is to add a substantive coloured dye to coloured clothes which require rejuvenation of colour for example a substantive blue dye for rejuvenation of denim. These compositions usually contain a relatively, high concentration of substantive dye. More recently non-substantive dyes have also been used to colour otherwise white laundry detergent compositions. In the case of particulate detergents this has been in the form of so-called speckles to add colour to an otherwise white powder, however laundry detergent powders which are completely blue are also known. When dyes have been included in laundry treatment products in this way it was regarded as essential that non-substantive dyes were used to prevent undesired staining of washed fabrics. It is also known that a small amount of blue or violet dye impregnated into an otherwise 'white' fabric can appear to. have enhanced whiteness as described in Industrial Dyes (K.Hunger ed Wiley-VCH 2003). Modern white fabrics are sold with some dye in their material in order to enhance the whiteness at the point of sale of the garment. This dye is often blue or violet though other colours are used. However once these garments are worn and subsequently washed with a detergent composition the dye is rapidly removed from the 5 fabric often due to dissolution by a surfactant solution. Dye is also lost by reaction with bleach in the wash and fading due to light. This results in a gradual loss of whiteness in addition to any other negative whiteness effects such as soiling. In many cases this leads to the 10 appearance of a yellow colour on the cloth. Accordingly, the present invention provides a laundry treatment composition according to claim 1. 15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION Unless otherwise stated, all percentages or parts are on a weight basis. 20 Laundry treatment compositions The present invention relates to compositions which are used to treat laundry items such as clothes. Such compositions are preferably laundry detergent compositions used for 25 washing (especially particulate detergents, liquid detergents, laundry bars, pastes, gels or tablets), laundry fabric conditioners used for softening fabrics, pre-treatment products, post-treatment products, tumble dryer products, ironing products etc. Preferably they are laundry 30 treatment products which are applied in an aqueous environment. The dyes may be incorporated into the treatment products in a wide variety of ways. For example dyes which are not sensitive to heat may be included in the slurry which is to be spray dried when the treatment product is a particulate 5 detergent composition. Another way of incorporating dyes into particulate detergent products is to add them to granules which are post-added to the main detergent powder. In this case there may be a concentration of dye in the granules which could present the danger of spotting and dye 10 damage on the clothes to be treated. This can be avoided if the concentration of dye in the granules is less than 0.1%. For liquid products the dyes are simply added to the liquid and blended in substantially homogeneously. 15 Because the dyes are substantive, only a small amount is required to provide the enhanced whiteness effect hence preferably the treatment composition comprises from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05 wt% of the dye, more preferably from 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, most preferably from 20 0.002 to 0.008 wt%. The dyes The photostable dyes of the present invention are unusual in 25 that they are substantive to cotton. It is preferred that the dye has a substantivity to cotton, in a standard test of greater than 7%, preferably.from 8 to 80%, more preferably from 10 to 60%, most preferably from 15 to 40%, wherein the standard test is with a dye concentration such that the 30 solution has an optical density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlength). at the maximum absorption of the dye in the visible wavelengths (400-700nm), a surfactant concentration of 0.3 g/L and under wash conditions of a liquor to cloth ratio of 45:1, temperature of 20°C, soak times of 45 minutes, agitation time of 10 minutes. Higher 5 substantivities are preferred as this means less dye must be added to the formulation to achieve the effect. This is preferred for reasons of cost and also because excess levels of dye in the formulation can lead to an unacceptable level of dye colour in the wash liquor and also in the powder. 10 A photostable dye is a dye which does not quickly photodegrade in the presence of natural summer sunlight. A photostable dye in the current context may be defined as a dye which, when on cotton, does not degrade by more than 10% 15 when subjected to 1 hour of irradiation by simulated Florida 2 2 sunlight (42 W/m in UV and 343 W/m in visible). It is preferable that the dyes have a blue and/or violet shade. This can mean that the peak absorption frequency of 20 the dyes absorbed on the cloth lies within the range of from 540nm to 650nm, preferably from 570nm to 630nm. This effect can advantageously be achieved by a combination of dyes, each of which not necessarily having a peak absorption within these preferred ranges but together produce an effect 25 on the human eye which is equivalent to a single dye with a peak absorption within one of the preferred ranges. Organic dyes are described in Industrial Dyes (K.Hunger ed Wiley-VCH 2003) . A compilation of available dyes is the 30 Colour Index published by Society of Dyer and Colburists and American Association of Textile Chemists and-Colorists 2002 (see http://www.colour-index.org). Suitable dyes for the current application may be taken from any of the chromophore types, e.g. azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane, methine quinophthalone, azine, oxazine thiazine. It is preferred 5 that the dye does not contain a reactive group such as found in procion and remazol dyes. Due to the wider range available azo, anthraquinone and triarylmethane dyes are preferred. Azo dyes are especially preferred. 0 Dyes are conventionally defined as being reactive, disperse, direct, vat, sulphur, cationic, acid or solvent dyes. For the purposes of the present invention, acid and/or direct dyes are preferred. 5 For use in products which contain predominately anionic surfactants, dyes containing acid groups are preferred. • For use in products which contain predominantly cationic surfactants, dyes containing basic groups are preferred. This is to prevent precipitation between the dye and 0 surfactant. Suitable dyes for use in products containing predominately anionic surfactants include those listed in the Colour Index as Direct Violet Dyes (e.g. Direct Violet 1-108), Direct 5 Blue dyes, Acid Blue and Acid Violet dyes. Suitable dyes for use in products containing predominately cationic surfactants include those listed in the Colour Index as Basic Blue and Basic Violet Dyes. To avoid shade changes caused by pick or loss of a proton it is preferred that the dye does not have a pKa or pKb at or near the pH of the product. Most preferably no pKa or pKb in the pH range of from 7 to 11. 5 It is preferred that the dye has a high extinction coefficient, so that a small amount of dye gives a large amount of colour. Preferably the extinction coefficient at the maximum absorption of the dye is greater than 1000 mol"1 10 L cm"1, preferably greater than 10,000 mol"1 L cm"1, more preferably greater than 50,000 mol"1 L cm"1. Suitable dyes can be obtained from any major supplier such as Clariant, Ciba Speciality Chemicals, Dystar, Avecia or 15 Bayer. Laundry detergent compositions Detergent-active compounds (surfactants) may be chosen from 20 soap and non-soap anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic detergent-active compounds, and mixtures thereof. Many suitable detergent-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes 25 I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. The preferred detergent-active compounds that can be used are soaps and synthetic non-soap anionic and nonionic compounds. The total amount of surfactant present is suitably within the range of from 5 to 60 wt%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt%. 30 Anionic surfactants are well-known to those skilled in the art. Examples include alkylbenzene sulphonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl chain length of C8-C15; primary and secondary 5 alkylsulphates, particularly C8-C20 primary alkyl sulphates; alkyl ether sulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkyl xylene sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; and fatty acid ester sulphonates. Sodium salts are generally preferred. Nonionic surfactants that may be used include the primary 10 and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C8-C20 aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more especially the C10-C15 primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles 15 of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants include alkanolamides, alkylpolyglycosides, glycerol monoethers, and polyhydroxyamides (glucamide). 20 Cationic surfactants that may be used include quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4N X wherein the R groups are long or short hydrocarbyl chains, typically alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or ethoxylated alkyl groups, and X is a solubilising anion (for example, compounds in which R1 is a 25 C8-C22 alkyl group, preferably a C8-Cio or C12-C14 alkyl group, R2 is a methyl group, and R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, are methyl or hydroxyethyl groups); and cationic esters (for example, chorine esters). Amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants that may be used include alkyl amine oxides, betaines and sulphobetaines. In accordance with the present invention, the detergent surfactant (a) most preferably comprises an anionic sulphonate or sulphonate surfactant optionally in admixture with one or more cosurfactants selected from ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, ethoxylated sulphate anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amine oxides, alkanolamides and combinations thereof. Surfactants are preferably present in a total amount of from 5 to 60 wt%, more preferably from 10 to 40 wt%. Laundry detergent compositions of the present invention preferably contain a detergency builder, although it is conceivable that formulations without any builder are possible. Laundry detergent compositions of the invention .suitably contain from 10 to 80%, preferably from 15 to 70% by weight, of detergency builder. Preferably, the quantity of builder is in the range of from 15 to 50% by weight. Preferably the builder is selected from zeolite-, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrote, layered silicate, and combinations of these. The zeolite used as a builder may be the commercially available zeolite A (zeolite 4A) now widely used in laundry detergent powders. Alternatively, the zeolie MAY/ be iminodiacetates, alkyl- and alkenylmalonates and succinates; and sulphonated fatty acid salts. Organic builders may be used in rr.inor amounts as supplements 5 • to inorganic builders such as phosphates and zeolites. Especially preferred supplementary organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts of from 5 to 30 wt %, preferably from 10 to 25 wt %; and acrylic polymers, more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in 10 amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt %, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%. Builders, both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal salt, especially sodium salt, form. As well as the surfactants and builders cisouseed above the 15 compositions may optionally contain bleaching c other active ingredients to enhance performance properties. These optional ingredients may include, but are not limited 20 to, any one or more of the following: soap, peroxyacid and persalt bleaches, bleach activators, sequestrants, cellulose ethers and esters, other antiredeposition agents, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, other inorganic salts, 25 proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, other detergent enzymes, fluorescers, photobleaches, polyvinyl pyrroiidone, other dye transfer inhibiting polymers, foam controllers, foam boosters, acrylic and acrylic/maleic polymers, citric acid, soil release polymers, fabric conditioning compounds, 30 coloured speckles and perfume. Detergent compositions according to the invention may suitably contain a bleach system. The bleach system is preferably based on peroxy bleach compounds, for example-, inorganic persalts or organic peroxyacids, capable of 5 yielding hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. Suitable peroxy bleach compounds include organic peroxides such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalts such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, persilicates and persulphates. Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium 10 perborate monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium percarbonate. Especially preferred is sodium percarbonate having a protective coating against destabilisation by moisture. Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating comprising sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is 15 disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao). The peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 5 to 35 wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%. 20 The peroxy bleach compound may be used in conjunction with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low wash temperatures. The bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 8 wt%, preferably from 2 to 5 wt%. 25 Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid precursors, more especially peracetic acid precursors and peroxybenzoic acid precursors; and peroxycarbonic acid precursors. An especially preferred bleach precursor 30 suitable for use in the present invention is N,N,N',N'-tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED). Also of interest are peroxybenzoic acid precursors, in particular, N,N,N-trimethylairmonium toluoyloxy benzene sulphonate. A bleach stabiliser (heavy metal sequestrant) may also be 5 present. Suitable bleach stabilisers include ethylenediaire tetraacetate (EDTA) and the polyphosphonates such as Deqest (Trade Mark), EDTMP. Although, as previously indicated, in one preferred 10 embodiment o: the invention enzymes are preferably absent, in other embodiments detergent enzymes may be present. Suitable enzymes include the proteases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases, peroxidases and lipases usable for incorporation in detergent compositions. 15 In particulate detergent compositions, detergency enzymes are commonly employed in granular form in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt%. However, any suitable physical form of enzyme may be used in any effective amount. 20 Antiredeposition agents, for example cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, may also be present. 25 The compositions may also contain soil release polymers, for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Nark) HP22. Especially preferred soil release 30 polymers are the sulphonated non-end-capped polyesters described and claimed in WO 95 32997A (Rhodia Chimie). Powder detergent composition of low to moderate bulk density may be prepared by spray-drying a slurry, and optionally postdosing (dry-mixing) further ingredients. 5 "Concentrated" or "compact" powders may be prepared by mixing and granulating processes, for example, using a high¬speed mixer/granulator, or other non-tower processes. Tablets may be prepared by compacting powders, especially 10 "concentrated" powders. Fabric conditioners Cationic softening material is preferably a quaternary 15 ammonium fabric softening material. The quaternary ammonium fabric softening material compound has two C12-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups connected to the nitrogen head group, preferably via at least one ester link. 20 It is more preferred if the quaternary ammonium material has two ester links present. Preferably, the average chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl group is at least C14, more preferably at least Ci6- Most 25 preferably at least half of the chains have a length of Ci8- It is generally preferred if the alkyl or alkenyl chains are predominantly linear. 30 The first group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (I): [(CH2)n(TR)]m I x- R1-N+-[ (CH2)n(OH)]3_m ( I ) 5 wherein each R is independently selected from a C5-35 alkyl or alkenyl group, R represents a C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl or a C1-4 hydroxyalkyl group, 10 0 0 1 « T is -O-C- or -C-0-, 15 n is 0 or a number selected from 1 to 4, m is 1, 2 or 3 and denotes the number of moieties to which it relates that pend directly from the N atom, and X is an anionic group, such as halides or alkyl sulphates, e.g. chloride, methyl sulphate or ethyl sulphate. 20 Especially preferred materials within this formula are di-alkenyl esters of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate. Commercial examples include Tetranyl AHT-1 (di-hardened oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 80% 25 active), AT-1(di-oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 9*0% active) , L5/90 (palm ester of. triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), all ex Kao. Other unsaturated quaternary ammonium meterials include Rewoquat WE15 (C10-C20 and C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acid reaction products with triethanolamine dimethyl sulphate quaternised 90 % active) , a:; witcco Corprat: 5 The second group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (II): TR~ 0 I (RX)3NT (CH2)n —CK X~ Formula (II) ! CK2TR2 5 wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or C2-4 alkenyi groups; and wherein each R group is independently selected from Cs-2S alkyl or alkenyl groups; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5 and T and X are as defined above. 0 Preferred materials of this class such as 1,2 bis [tailov-oyloxy]-3- trimethylammonium propane chloride and 1,2-bis[oleyloxy]-3-trimethylammcnium propane chloride and Their method of preparation are, for example, described in 5 US 41371SO (Lever Brothers), the contents of which are incorporated herein. Preferably these materials also comprise small amounts of the corresponding monoester, as described in US 4137180. A third group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (III): R1 R1 — N+ — (CH2)n — T — R2 X (III) (CH2)n — T — R2 LO wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4 • 2 • alkyl, or C2-4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R group is independently selected from C8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5 and T and X are as defined above. 15 A fourth group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (IV): R1 20 R1 — N+ — R2 X~ (IV) R2 25 wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4 2 alkyl, or C2-4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R group is independently selected from C3-23 alkyl or alkenyl groups; and X is as defined above. The iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid 5 from which the cationic softening material is formed is from 0 to 140, preferably from 0 to 100, more preferably from 0 to 60. It is. especially preferred that the iodine value of the 10 parent compound is from 0 to 20, e.g. 0 to 4. Where the iodine value is 4 or less, the softening material provides excellent softening results and has improved resistance to oxidation and associated odour problems upon storage. 15 When unsaturated hydrocarbyl chains are present, it is preferred that the cis:trans weight ratio of the material is 50:50 or more, more preferably 60:40 or more, most preferably 70:30 or more, e.g. 85:15 or more. 20 The iodine value of the parent fatty acid or acyl compound is measured accorcing to the method set out in respect of parent fatty acids in WO-A1-01/46513. The softening material is preferably present in an amount of 25 from 1 to 60% by weight of the total composition, more preferably from 2 to 40%, most preferably from 3 to 30% by-weight. The composition optionally comprises a silicone. Typical 30 silicones for use in the compositions of the present invention are siloxanes which have the general formula RaSiO(4-a)/2 wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from hydrocarbon and hydroxy groups, 'a' being from 0 to 3. In the bulk material, 'a' typically has an 5 average value of from 1.85-2.2. The silicone can have a linear or cyclic structure.' It is particularly preferred that the silicone is cyclic as it is believed that cyclic silicones deliver excellent faster 10 drying characteristics to fabrics. Preferably, the silicone is a polydi-C1-6 alkyl siloxane. Particularly preferred is pclydimethyl siloxane. The 15 siloxane is preferably end-terminated, if linear, either by a tri-Ci-6 alkylsilyl group (e.g. trimethylsiiyi) or a hydroxy-di-Ci_6 alkylsilyl group (e.g. hydroxy-dimethylsilyl) groups, or by both. 20 More preferably the silicone is a cyclic polymdimethyl siloxane. Suitable commercially available silicones include DC245 (polydimethylcyclopentasiloxane also known as D5), DC246 25 (polydiniethylcyclohexasiloxane also known as D6) , DC1284 (a pre-emulsified polydimethylpentasiloxane also known as L5) and DC347 (a pre-emulsified lOOcSt POMS fluid) all ex Dow Corning. The silicone -ay be received and incorporated into the composition either directly as an oil or pre-emulsified. ?re-emulsification is typically recuired when the silicone 5 is of a more viscous nature. Suitable emulsiiiers include cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsif iers ' or mixtures thereof. 10 The reference z: the viscosity of the silicone denotes either the viscosity before emulsification vhen the silicone is pro'vided as an emulsion for incorporation into the fabric conditioning composition or the viscosity of the silicone itself when provided as an oil-for incorporation into the 15 fabric conditioning composition. The silicone preferably has a viscosity (measured on a Brookfield RV4 viscometer at 25CC using spindle No.4 at 100 rpm) of from IcSt to less than 10,000 centi-Stokes (cSt), 20 preferably from IcSt to 5,000cSt, more preferably from 2cSt to l,000cSt and most preferably 2cSt to lOOcSt. It has been found that drying time can be reduced using silicones having a viscosity of from 1 to 500,000 cSt. 25 However, it is most preferred that the viscosity is from 1 to less than 10,000cSt. The silicone active ingredient is preferably present at a level of from 0.5 to 20%, more preferably from 1 to 122, 30 most preferably from 2 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Optionally and advantageously, one or more un-alkoxyleted fatty alcohols are present in fabric conditioners of the present invention 5 Preferred alcohols have a hydrocarbyl chain length of from 10 to 22 carber. atones, more preferably 11 to 20 carbon atoms, most preferably 15 to 19 carbon atoms. The fatty al may be saturated or unsaturated, though 10 saturated f y alechols are preferred as these have bee-found to deliver greater benefits in terms of stability, especially low temperature stability. Suitable commercially available fatty alcohols include 15 tallow alcohol (available as Hycrenol S3, ex Sidobre Sinnova, and Laurex CS, ex Clariant). The fatty alcohol content in the compositions is from 0 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight, 20 most preferably from 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the total weigh" :f the.composition. It is particularly preferred that a fatty alcohol is present if the composition is concentrated, that is if more than 8% 25 by weight of the cationic softening agent is present in the composition. It is preferred that the compositions further comprise a nonionic surfactant. Typically these can be included for 30 the purpose of stabilising the compositions. Suitable nonionic surfactants include addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty amines. 5 Any of the alkoxylated materials of the particular type described vinafter can be used as the nonionic surfactant. Suitable sUrFactants are substantially water soluble 0 surfactants of the general formula: R—V—(C2H40)Z— C2H4OH where R is selected from the group consisting of primary, 5 secondary and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl hydrocarbyl groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl hydrocarbyl groups; and primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl-substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; the hydrocarbyl croups having a chain length of from 8 to about 0 25, preferably 10 to 20, e.g. 14 to 18 carbon atoms. In the general formula for the alkoxylated nonionic surfactant, Y is typically: 5 --0-- , —C(0)0— , —C(0)N(R)~ or --C(0)N(R)R-- in which R has the meaning given above or can be hydrogen; and Z is preferably from 8 to 40, more preferably from 10 t 30, most preferably from 11 to 25, e.g. 12 to 22. The level of alkoxylation, Z, denotes the average number of alkoxy groups per molecule. Preferably the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of from about 5 7 to about 20, more preferably from 10 to 18, e.g. 12 to 16. Examples of nonionic surfactants follow. In the examples, the integer defines the number of ethoxy (EO) groups in the molecule. 10 The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and pentadecaethoxylates of n-hexadecanol, and n-octadecanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity/dispersibility modifiers in the context of this 15 invention. Exemplary ethoxylated primary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity/dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are C18 EO(10); and C18 EO(ll). The ethoxylates of mixed natural or synthetic alcohols in the "tallow" chain length range are also useful herein. Specific examples of 20 such materials include tallow alcohol-EO(11), tallow alcohol-EO(18), and tallow alcohol-EO (25), coco alcohol-EO(10), coco alcohol-EO(15), coco alcohol-EO (20) and coco alcohol-EO(25). 25 The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, pentadeca-, octadeca-, and nonadeca-ethoxylates of 3-hexadecanol, 2-octadecanol, 4-eicosanol, and 5-eicosanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention. 30 Exemplary ethoxylated secondary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are: C16 E0(I1); C20 EO(ll); and C15 EO(14). As in the case of the alcohol alkcxyiates, the hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of alkylated phenols, particularly monohydric alkylphenols, having an HL3 within the range recited herein are useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. The hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of p-tri-decylphenons, m-pentadecylphenol, and the like, are useful herein. Exemplary ethoxylated alkylphenols useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the mixtures herein are: p-tridecylphenol E0(11) and p-pentadecylphenol E0(13). As used herein and as generally recognized in the art, a phenylene group in the nonionic formula is the equivalent of an alkylene group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. For present purposes, nonionics containing a phenylene group are considered to contain an equivalent number of carbon atoms calculated as the sum of the carbon atoms in the alkyl group plus about 3.3 carbon atoms for each phenylene group. The alkenyl alcohols, both primary and secondary, and alkenyl phenols corresponding to those disclosed immediately hereinabove can be ethoxylated to an KL3 within the range recited herein and used as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. Branched chain primary and secondary alcohols which are available from the well-known "0X0" orocess can be ethoxyiated and employed as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of compositions herein. Suitable polyol based surfactants include sucrose esters such sucrose mcnooleates, alkyl polyglucosides such as stearyi rr.onoglucosices and stearyl triglucoside and alkyl polyglycerels . The above ncnionic surfactants are useful in the present compositions alone or in combination, and the term "nonionic surfactant" encompasses mixed nonionic surface active agents. The nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.1 to 5%, most preferably 0.35 to 3.5%, e.g. 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The fabric conditioner compositions of the invention preferably comprise one or more perfumes. It is well known that perfume is provided as a mixture of various components. Suitable components for use in the perfume include those described in "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals) by Steffen Arctander, published by the author 1969 Mcntclait, N.J. (US), reprinted 1st April 1S82 library of Congress Catalog Number 75-91393.. The perfume is preferably present in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.5 to 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 5 The liquid carrier employed in the instant compositions is at least partly water due to its low cost, relative availability, safety, and environmental compatibility. The level of water in the liquid carrier is more than about 50%, 10 preferably more than about 80%, more preferably more than about 85%, by weight of the carrier. The level of liquid carrier is greater than about 50%, preferably greater than about 65%, more preferably greater than about 70%. Mixtures of water and a low molecular weight, e.g. 15 solvent, e.g. a lower alcohol such as ethanol, propanel, isopropanol or butanol are useful as the carrier liquid. Low molecular weight alcohols including monohydric, dihydric (glycol, etc.) trihydric (glycerol, etc.), and polyhydric (polyols) alcohols are also suitable carriers for use in the 20 compositions of the present invention. Co-active softeners for the cationic surfactant may also be incorporated in an amount from 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10%, based on the total weight of the 25 composition. Preferred co-active softeners include fatty esters, and fatty N-oxides. Preferred fatty esters include fatty monoesters, such as glycerol monostearate (hereinafter referred to as "GMS"). 30 If GMS is present, then it is preferred that the level of GMS in the composition is from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The co-active softener may also comprise an oily sugar 5 derivative. Suitable oily sugar derivatives, their methods of manufacture and their preferred amounts are described in WO-A1-01/46361 on page 5 line 16 to page 11 line 20, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. 10 It is useful, though not essential, if the compositions comprise one or more polymeric viscosity control agents. Suitable polymeric viscosity control agents include nonionic and cationic polymers, such as hydrophobically modified cellulose ethers (e.g. Natrosol Plus, ex Hercules), 15 cationically modified starches (e.g. Softgel BDA and Softgel BD, both ex Avebe). A particularly preferred viscosity control agent is a copolymer of methacrylate and cationic acrylamide available under the tradename Flosoft 200 (ex SNF Floerger). 20 Nonionic and/or cationic polymers are preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 5wt%, more preferably 0.02 to 4wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. 25 Other optional nonionic softeners, bactericides, soil-releases agents may also be incorporated in fabric conditioners of the invention. 30 The compositions may also contain one or more optional ingredients conventionally included in fabric conditioning compositions such as pH buffering agents, perfume carriers, fluorescers, colourants, hydrotropes, antifoaming agents, 5 antiredeposition agents, polyelectrolytes, enzymes, optical brightening agents, pearlescers, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-spotting agents, antioxidants, sunscreens, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, preservatives, anti-static agents, ironing aids and other 10 dyes. The product may be a liquid or solid. Preferably the product is a liquid which, in its undiluted state at ambient temperature, comprises an aqueous liquid, preferably an 15 aqueous dispersion of the cationic softening material. When the product is an aqueous liquid, it preferably has a pH of greater than 1.5 and less than 5, more preferably greater than 2 and less than 4.5. 20 The fabric conditioner composition is preferably used in the rinse cycle of a home textile laundering operation, where, it may be added directly in an undiluted state to a washing machine, e.g. through a dispenser drawer or, for a top- 25 loading washing machine, directly into the drum. Alternatively, it can be diluted prior to use. The compositions may also be used in a domestic hand-washing laundry operation. EXAMPLES Examale 1 5 To determine the substantivity of a range of dyes the following experiment was performed. A stock solution of 1.5g/L of a base washing powder in water was created. The washing powder contained 18% NaLAS, 73% salts (silicate, sodium tri-poly-phosphate, sulphate, carbonate), 3% minors 10 including perborate, fluorescer and enzymes, remainder impurities and water. The solution was divided into 60mi aliquots and dye added to this to give a solution of optical density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlength) at the maximum absorption of the dye in the visible lengths, 400-700nm. The 15 optical density was measured using a UV-visible spectrometer. 1 piece of bleached, non-mercerised, non-fluorescent woven cotton cloth (ex Phoenic Calico) weighing 1.3g was placed in the solution at room temperature (20°C). This cloth represents a slightly yellow cotton. The cloth 20 was left to soak for 45 minutes then the solution agitated for 10 mins, rinsed and dried. Following this the optical density of the solution was re-measured and the amount of dye' absorbed by the.cloth calculated. This experiment was repeated for each dye and A replicates were done per dye. 25 The dyes used and the % deposition is given in table 1. Table 2 gives the maximum extinction coefficient, Emsx, in the wash solution and the peak absorption wavelength in solution and on cotton. All values are reported to 2 significant figures. Table 1 Table 2 5 Example 2 10 The experiment of example was repeted except -he rhe level in the vash solution was decreased to 1/10'", so that the optical density was 0.1 (5 cm path length;, 'following the washes the Gar.; whiteness of the cloth was measured (see "assessment cf witeness and Tint of fluorescent Substrates with Good Interinstrument Correlation" Colour Research and Application 19, 19 . The results are displayed in table 3, the ganz whitenss values are accurate to +/-5 units. Large increase in the measured Ganz whiteness are found for the substantive blue and violet dyes with λm£X on cotton in the range 570 to 640. 15 Table 3 Acid black 1, direct blue 1, direct violet 51, direct blue 71 and acid violet 17 gave the greatest increase in Ganz 20 whiteness. Direct violet 51 and direct blue 71 gave a higher Ganz whiteness value than direct blue 1 and they have the further advantage over direct blue 1 that they are not metabolised in the body to give carcinogenic amine, unlike the huge number of direct blue and violet dyes (e.g. direct blue 1) which contain moieties which breakdown to give the 5 carcinogenic benzidine, 3,3'dimethoxybenzidine or 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine. These dyes also have an advantage over many direct violet dyes' which contain transition metals that are hazardous to the environment and to humans. 10 Preferred direct eyes fall into two groups: The first group comprises tris-azo direct blue dyes based on the structure: 15 where at least two of the ?., B and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group. The C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or NHPh group, X is a benzyl or napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate groups and may be substituted at '2 position with a OH group 20 and may also be substituted with an NH2 or NHPh group. Non-limiting examples of these dyes are direct blue 34, 70, 71, 72, 75, 73, 82, 120. 25 The second group comprises bis-azo direct violet dyes based on the structure where Z is H cr phenyl. The A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and methoxy croup et the positions indicated by arrows.The A ring may elso be a naphthyl ring. The Y group 5 is a benzyl or raphthyi ring, which is substituted by sulphate croup .are may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups. Non-limiting examples of these dyes are direct violet 5, 7, 10 11, 31, 51. The invention also comprises compositions including a single dye of the structure of the first or second group,' or mixtures thereof, the dye or mixture having the defined peak absorption wavelenqth. 15 Example 3 The experiment of example 1 was repeated except using dyes at lower conre.-.tra'tic.-.s, such that the optical density (5cm) was approximately 0.05 and 0.025 giving faintly coloured 20 wash liquors (i.e. using dye levels 1/20 and l/40th of experiment 1). Following washing and drying the increase in whiteness was measured by a reflectometer and expressed in Ganz units. The Gar.z values are accurate to +/- 5 units. The results are shown in the Table 3 below. Table 4 Direct blue 71 gave the best results. 5 Example A Example 3 was repeated but using the blue dye Acid Black 1, the red dyes Acid Red 88 and Acid Red 150, and mixtures 0 thereof. The results are shown in the tables below. Table 5 Table 6 Dye Mixture Ganz whiteness control 154 (A)+(C) 173 (A)+(D) 175 (A)+0.5(D) 171 (A)+(E) 176 (A)+(F) 175 (A)+0.5(F) 169 The results show that mixtures of red and blue dyes gives a 5 greater increase in whiteness than either alone. This is because the mixture produces a violet shade. CIAIMS 1. A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt% of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption waveienc on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 57 0 mn to 630 mn, the combination comprising a phctostable dye which is substantive to cotton. 2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, which is a laundry detergent composition, preferably a particulate laundry detergent, composition. 3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, which is a laundry fabric conditioner. 4. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the surfactant is a non-soap surfactant. 5. A comocsiticn as claimed in claim A, wherein the surfactant is an anionic or cationic surfactant. 6. A composition as claimed'in claim 5, wherein the surfactant is C8~C15 linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. 7. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comorises from 5 to 60 wt% of surfactant. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises fluorescer. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the photostable dye has a substantivity to cotton in a standard test of greater than 7%, preforabiy from 3 to 80%, more preferably from 10 to 60%, most preferably from 15 to 40%, wherein the standard test is with a photostable dye concentration such that the solution has an optical .density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlencth) at the maximum absorption of the dye in the visible wavelengths (4 00-7OOnm), a surfactant concentration of 0.3 g/L and under wash conditions of a, liquor to cloth ratio of 45:1, temperature of 20°C, soak times of 45 minutes, agitation time of 10 minutes. A composition-as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises from 0.0005 to 0.05 wt% of dye, preferably from 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, more preferably from 0.002 to 0.003 wt%. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the photostable dye is an 220, anthraquinone or triarylmethane dye, preferably azo. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein the photostable dye is selected from the group of acid and direct dyes, and preferably is an acid dye. A composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the photostabie dye is selected from acid black 1, acid violet 17, direct blue 71, direct violet 51, direct blue 1, acid red 88, acid red 150 or mixtures thereof 14. A composition as claimed in claim 12 wherein the photostabie dye is selected from the group comprising tris-azo direct blue dyes of the formula: where at least two of the A, 3 and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group, the C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or NK?h group, X is a benzyl or napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate groups and may be substituted at 2 position with a OH croup and may also be substituted with an NH2 or NHPh croup, and bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula: where Z is K or phenyl, the A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a benzyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by sulphate group and may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups. 10 15 A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt% of a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, the dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 54 0 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 570 mn to 630 mn, and wherein the photostable dye is selected from the group comprising tris-azo direct blue dyes of the formula: X—N 20 where at least two of the A, B and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group, the C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or KHPh group, X is a benryl c: napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate croups and may be substituted at 2 position with a OH cr::p and may also be substituted with an NH; or NHPh or where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and metho>;y group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a benzyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by sulphate group and may be. mono or disubstituted by methyl groups.' We claim: A particulate laundry detergent treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.01 wt% of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, the combination comprising a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, wherein the photostable dye is selected from bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula: where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring may be substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a phenyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by a sulphonate group and may be mono.or disubstituted by methyl groups, wherein dye is present in post-added granules and the concentration of dye in the granules is less than 0.1 wt%. 3 0 JUL 2008 2. A particulate laundry detergent treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.01 wt% of a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, the dye having a peak, absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, and wherein the photostable dye is selected from bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula: where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring may be substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a phenyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by a sulphonate group and may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups, wherein the dye is present in post- added granules and the concentration of the dye in the granules is less than 0. 1 wt %. 3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is a laundry detergent composition, preferably a particulate laundry detergent composition. 4. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is a laundry fabric conditioner. 5. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises from 5 to 60% of surfactant. Dated this 16th day of December 2005 Dr. Sanchita Ganguli Of S. Majumdar&Co. Applicant's Agent 30 JUL 2008

Full Text

FORM - 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
LAUNDRY. TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS
HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

30-7-2008

GRANTED

LAUNDRY TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS TECHNICAL FI5LD
The present invention relates to laundry treatment compositions which comprise dye which is substantive to cotton.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Dyes have been included in laundry treatment products for many years. Perhaps the oldest use of dyes is to add a substantive coloured dye to coloured clothes which require rejuvenation of colour for example a substantive blue dye for rejuvenation of denim. These compositions usually contain a relatively, high concentration of substantive dye. More recently non-substantive dyes have also been used to colour otherwise white laundry detergent compositions. In the case of particulate detergents this has been in the form of so-called speckles to add colour to an otherwise white powder, however laundry detergent powders which are completely blue are also known. When dyes have been included in laundry treatment products in this way it was regarded as essential that non-substantive dyes were used to prevent undesired staining of washed fabrics.
It is also known that a small amount of blue or violet dye impregnated into an otherwise 'white' fabric can appear to. have enhanced whiteness as described in Industrial Dyes (K.Hunger ed Wiley-VCH 2003). Modern white fabrics are sold with some dye in their material in order to enhance the

whiteness at the point of sale of the garment. This dye is often blue or violet though other colours are used. However once these garments are worn and subsequently washed with a detergent composition the dye is rapidly removed from the 5 fabric often due to dissolution by a surfactant solution. Dye is also lost by reaction with bleach in the wash and fading due to light. This results in a gradual loss of whiteness in addition to any other negative whiteness effects such as soiling. In many cases this leads to the 10 appearance of a yellow colour on the cloth.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a laundry treatment composition according to claim 1.
15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Unless otherwise stated, all percentages or parts are on a weight basis.
20 Laundry treatment compositions
The present invention relates to compositions which are used to treat laundry items such as clothes. Such compositions are preferably laundry detergent compositions used for
25 washing (especially particulate detergents, liquid
detergents, laundry bars, pastes, gels or tablets), laundry fabric conditioners used for softening fabrics, pre-treatment products, post-treatment products, tumble dryer products, ironing products etc. Preferably they are laundry
30 treatment products which are applied in an aqueous environment.

The dyes may be incorporated into the treatment products in a wide variety of ways. For example dyes which are not sensitive to heat may be included in the slurry which is to be spray dried when the treatment product is a particulate 5 detergent composition. Another way of incorporating dyes into particulate detergent products is to add them to granules which are post-added to the main detergent powder. In this case there may be a concentration of dye in the granules which could present the danger of spotting and dye 10 damage on the clothes to be treated. This can be avoided if the concentration of dye in the granules is less than 0.1%. For liquid products the dyes are simply added to the liquid and blended in substantially homogeneously.
15 Because the dyes are substantive, only a small amount is required to provide the enhanced whiteness effect hence preferably the treatment composition comprises from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05 wt% of the dye, more preferably from 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, most preferably from
20 0.002 to 0.008 wt%.
The dyes
The photostable dyes of the present invention are unusual in 25 that they are substantive to cotton. It is preferred that the dye has a substantivity to cotton, in a standard test of greater than 7%, preferably.from 8 to 80%, more preferably from 10 to 60%, most preferably from 15 to 40%, wherein the standard test is with a dye concentration such that the 30 solution has an optical density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlength). at the maximum absorption of the dye in the

visible wavelengths (400-700nm), a surfactant concentration of 0.3 g/L and under wash conditions of a liquor to cloth ratio of 45:1, temperature of 20°C, soak times of 45 minutes, agitation time of 10 minutes. Higher 5 substantivities are preferred as this means less dye must be added to the formulation to achieve the effect. This is preferred for reasons of cost and also because excess levels of dye in the formulation can lead to an unacceptable level of dye colour in the wash liquor and also in the powder. 10
A photostable dye is a dye which does not quickly photodegrade in the presence of natural summer sunlight. A photostable dye in the current context may be defined as a dye which, when on cotton, does not degrade by more than 10%
15 when subjected to 1 hour of irradiation by simulated Florida
2 2
sunlight (42 W/m in UV and 343 W/m in visible).
It is preferable that the dyes have a blue and/or violet shade. This can mean that the peak absorption frequency of
20 the dyes absorbed on the cloth lies within the range of from 540nm to 650nm, preferably from 570nm to 630nm. This effect can advantageously be achieved by a combination of dyes, each of which not necessarily having a peak absorption within these preferred ranges but together produce an effect
25 on the human eye which is equivalent to a single dye with a peak absorption within one of the preferred ranges.
Organic dyes are described in Industrial Dyes (K.Hunger ed Wiley-VCH 2003) . A compilation of available dyes is the 30 Colour Index published by Society of Dyer and Colburists and American Association of Textile Chemists and-Colorists 2002

(see http://www.colour-index.org). Suitable dyes for the current application may be taken from any of the chromophore types, e.g. azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane, methine quinophthalone, azine, oxazine thiazine. It is preferred 5 that the dye does not contain a reactive group such as found in procion and remazol dyes. Due to the wider range available azo, anthraquinone and triarylmethane dyes are preferred. Azo dyes are especially preferred.
0 Dyes are conventionally defined as being reactive, disperse, direct, vat, sulphur, cationic, acid or solvent dyes. For the purposes of the present invention, acid and/or direct dyes are preferred.
5 For use in products which contain predominately anionic
surfactants, dyes containing acid groups are preferred. • For use in products which contain predominantly cationic surfactants, dyes containing basic groups are preferred. This is to prevent precipitation between the dye and
0 surfactant.
Suitable dyes for use in products containing predominately anionic surfactants include those listed in the Colour Index as Direct Violet Dyes (e.g. Direct Violet 1-108), Direct 5 Blue dyes, Acid Blue and Acid Violet dyes.
Suitable dyes for use in products containing predominately cationic surfactants include those listed in the Colour Index as Basic Blue and Basic Violet Dyes.

To avoid shade changes caused by pick or loss of a proton it is preferred that the dye does not have a pKa or pKb at or near the pH of the product. Most preferably no pKa or pKb in the pH range of from 7 to 11. 5
It is preferred that the dye has a high extinction coefficient, so that a small amount of dye gives a large amount of colour. Preferably the extinction coefficient at the maximum absorption of the dye is greater than 1000 mol"1 10 L cm"1, preferably greater than 10,000 mol"1 L cm"1, more preferably greater than 50,000 mol"1 L cm"1.
Suitable dyes can be obtained from any major supplier such as Clariant, Ciba Speciality Chemicals, Dystar, Avecia or 15 Bayer.
Laundry detergent compositions
Detergent-active compounds (surfactants) may be chosen from 20 soap and non-soap anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic detergent-active compounds, and mixtures thereof. Many suitable detergent-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes 25 I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. The preferred
detergent-active compounds that can be used are soaps and synthetic non-soap anionic and nonionic compounds. The total amount of surfactant present is suitably within the range of from 5 to 60 wt%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt%. 30

Anionic surfactants are well-known to those skilled in the art. Examples include alkylbenzene sulphonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl
chain length of C8-C15; primary and secondary
5 alkylsulphates, particularly C8-C20 primary alkyl sulphates;
alkyl ether sulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkyl xylene sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; and fatty acid ester sulphonates. Sodium salts are generally preferred. Nonionic surfactants that may be used include the primary
10 and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C8-C20
aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more
especially the C10-C15 primary and secondary aliphatic
alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles 15 of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants include alkanolamides, alkylpolyglycosides, glycerol monoethers, and polyhydroxyamides (glucamide).
20 Cationic surfactants that may be used include quaternary
ammonium salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4N X wherein
the R groups are long or short hydrocarbyl chains, typically alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or ethoxylated alkyl groups, and X is a
solubilising anion (for example, compounds in which R1 is a 25 C8-C22 alkyl group, preferably a C8-Cio or C12-C14 alkyl
group, R2 is a methyl group, and R3 and R4, which may be the
same or different, are methyl or hydroxyethyl groups); and cationic esters (for example, chorine esters).

Amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants that may be used include alkyl amine oxides, betaines and sulphobetaines. In accordance with the present invention, the detergent surfactant (a) most preferably comprises an anionic sulphonate or sulphonate surfactant optionally in admixture with one or more cosurfactants selected from ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, ethoxylated sulphate anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amine oxides, alkanolamides and combinations thereof.
Surfactants are preferably present in a total amount of from 5 to 60 wt%, more preferably from 10 to 40 wt%.
Laundry detergent compositions of the present invention preferably contain a detergency builder, although it is conceivable that formulations without any builder are possible.
Laundry detergent compositions of the invention .suitably contain from 10 to 80%, preferably from 15 to 70% by weight, of detergency builder. Preferably, the quantity of builder is in the range of from 15 to 50% by weight.
Preferably the builder is selected from zeolite-, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrote, layered silicate, and combinations of these.
The zeolite used as a builder may be the commercially available zeolite A (zeolite 4A) now widely used in laundry detergent powders. Alternatively, the zeolie MAY/ be

iminodiacetates, alkyl- and alkenylmalonates and succinates; and sulphonated fatty acid salts.
Organic builders may be used in rr.inor amounts as supplements 5 • to inorganic builders such as phosphates and zeolites. Especially preferred supplementary organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts of from 5 to 30 wt %, preferably from 10 to 25 wt %; and acrylic polymers, more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in 10 amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt %, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%. Builders, both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal salt, especially sodium salt, form.
As well as the surfactants and builders cisouseed above the 15 compositions may optionally contain bleaching c other active ingredients to enhance performance properties.
These optional ingredients may include, but are not limited 20 to, any one or more of the following: soap, peroxyacid and persalt bleaches, bleach activators, sequestrants, cellulose ethers and esters, other antiredeposition agents, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, other inorganic salts, 25 proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, other detergent enzymes, fluorescers, photobleaches, polyvinyl pyrroiidone, other dye transfer inhibiting polymers, foam controllers, foam boosters, acrylic and acrylic/maleic polymers, citric acid, soil release polymers, fabric conditioning compounds, 30 coloured speckles and perfume.

Detergent compositions according to the invention may suitably contain a bleach system. The bleach system is preferably based on peroxy bleach compounds, for example-, inorganic persalts or organic peroxyacids, capable of 5 yielding hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. Suitable peroxy bleach compounds include organic peroxides such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalts such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, persilicates and persulphates. Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium
10 perborate monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium
percarbonate. Especially preferred is sodium percarbonate having a protective coating against destabilisation by moisture. Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating comprising sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is
15 disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao).
The peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 5 to 35 wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%.
20 The peroxy bleach compound may be used in conjunction with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low wash temperatures. The bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 8 wt%, preferably from 2 to 5 wt%.
25
Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid precursors, more especially peracetic acid precursors and peroxybenzoic acid precursors; and peroxycarbonic acid precursors. An especially preferred bleach precursor
30 suitable for use in the present invention is N,N,N',N'-tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED). Also of interest are

peroxybenzoic acid precursors, in particular, N,N,N-trimethylairmonium toluoyloxy benzene sulphonate.
A bleach stabiliser (heavy metal sequestrant) may also be 5 present. Suitable bleach stabilisers include
ethylenediaire tetraacetate (EDTA) and the polyphosphonates such as Deqest (Trade Mark), EDTMP.
Although, as previously indicated, in one preferred 10 embodiment o: the invention enzymes are preferably absent, in other embodiments detergent enzymes may be present. Suitable enzymes include the proteases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases, peroxidases and lipases usable for incorporation in detergent compositions. 15
In particulate detergent compositions, detergency enzymes are commonly employed in granular form in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt%. However, any suitable physical form of enzyme may be used in any effective amount. 20
Antiredeposition agents, for example cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, may also be present.
25 The compositions may also contain soil release polymers, for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Nark) HP22. Especially preferred soil release
30 polymers are the sulphonated non-end-capped polyesters described and claimed in WO 95 32997A (Rhodia Chimie).

Powder detergent composition of low to moderate bulk density may be prepared by spray-drying a slurry, and optionally postdosing (dry-mixing) further ingredients.
5 "Concentrated" or "compact" powders may be prepared by
mixing and granulating processes, for example, using a high¬speed mixer/granulator, or other non-tower processes.
Tablets may be prepared by compacting powders, especially 10 "concentrated" powders.
Fabric conditioners
Cationic softening material is preferably a quaternary 15 ammonium fabric softening material.
The quaternary ammonium fabric softening material compound has two C12-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups connected to the nitrogen head group, preferably via at least one ester link. 20 It is more preferred if the quaternary ammonium material has two ester links present.
Preferably, the average chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl group is at least C14, more preferably at least Ci6- Most
25 preferably at least half of the chains have a length of Ci8-
It is generally preferred if the alkyl or alkenyl chains are predominantly linear.
30 The first group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (I):

[(CH2)n(TR)]m
I x-
R1-N+-[ (CH2)n(OH)]3_m ( I )
5
wherein each R is independently selected from a C5-35 alkyl or alkenyl group, R represents a C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl or
a C1-4 hydroxyalkyl group,
10
0 0
1 «
T is -O-C- or -C-0-,
15 n is 0 or a number selected from 1 to 4, m is 1, 2 or 3 and denotes the number of moieties to which it relates that pend
directly from the N atom, and X is an anionic group, such
as halides or alkyl sulphates, e.g. chloride, methyl sulphate or ethyl sulphate.
20
Especially preferred materials within this formula are di-alkenyl esters of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate. Commercial examples include Tetranyl AHT-1 (di-hardened oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 80%
25 active), AT-1(di-oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 9*0% active) , L5/90 (palm ester of. triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), all ex Kao. Other unsaturated quaternary ammonium meterials include Rewoquat

WE15 (C10-C20 and C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acid reaction products with triethanolamine dimethyl sulphate quaternised 90 % active) , a:; witcco Corprat:
5 The second group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (II):

TR~
0 I
(RX)3NT (CH2)n —CK X~ Formula (II)
!
CK2TR2
5 wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4
alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or C2-4 alkenyi groups; and wherein each
R group is independently selected from Cs-2S alkyl or alkenyl groups; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5 and T and X are as defined above.
0
Preferred materials of this class such as 1,2 bis [tailov-oyloxy]-3- trimethylammonium propane chloride and 1,2-bis[oleyloxy]-3-trimethylammcnium propane chloride and Their method of preparation are, for example, described in
5 US 41371SO (Lever Brothers), the contents of which are incorporated herein. Preferably these materials also comprise small amounts of the corresponding monoester, as described in US 4137180.

A third group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (III):
R1
R1 — N+ — (CH2)n — T — R2 X (III)
(CH2)n — T — R2
LO wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4
• 2 • alkyl, or C2-4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R group is
independently selected from C8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; n
is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5 and T and X are as defined above.

15

A fourth group of cationic fabric softening compounds for use in the invention is represented by formula (IV):

R1

20
R1 — N+ — R2 X~ (IV)

R2
25 wherein each R group is independently selected from C1-4
2 alkyl, or C2-4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R group is

independently selected from C3-23 alkyl or alkenyl groups; and X is as defined above.
The iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid 5 from which the cationic softening material is formed is from 0 to 140, preferably from 0 to 100, more preferably from 0 to 60.
It is. especially preferred that the iodine value of the 10 parent compound is from 0 to 20, e.g. 0 to 4. Where the iodine value is 4 or less, the softening material provides excellent softening results and has improved resistance to oxidation and associated odour problems upon storage.
15 When unsaturated hydrocarbyl chains are present, it is
preferred that the cis:trans weight ratio of the material is 50:50 or more, more preferably 60:40 or more, most preferably 70:30 or more, e.g. 85:15 or more.
20 The iodine value of the parent fatty acid or acyl compound is measured accorcing to the method set out in respect of parent fatty acids in WO-A1-01/46513.
The softening material is preferably present in an amount of 25 from 1 to 60% by weight of the total composition, more
preferably from 2 to 40%, most preferably from 3 to 30% by-weight.
The composition optionally comprises a silicone. Typical 30 silicones for use in the compositions of the present

invention are siloxanes which have the general formula RaSiO(4-a)/2 wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from hydrocarbon and hydroxy groups, 'a' being from 0 to 3. In the bulk material, 'a' typically has an 5 average value of from 1.85-2.2.
The silicone can have a linear or cyclic structure.' It is particularly preferred that the silicone is cyclic as it is believed that cyclic silicones deliver excellent faster 10 drying characteristics to fabrics.
Preferably, the silicone is a polydi-C1-6 alkyl siloxane.
Particularly preferred is pclydimethyl siloxane. The 15 siloxane is preferably end-terminated, if linear, either by
a tri-Ci-6 alkylsilyl group (e.g. trimethylsiiyi) or a
hydroxy-di-Ci_6 alkylsilyl group (e.g. hydroxy-dimethylsilyl) groups, or by both.
20 More preferably the silicone is a cyclic polymdimethyl siloxane.
Suitable commercially available silicones include DC245 (polydimethylcyclopentasiloxane also known as D5), DC246 25 (polydiniethylcyclohexasiloxane also known as D6) , DC1284 (a pre-emulsified polydimethylpentasiloxane also known as L5) and DC347 (a pre-emulsified lOOcSt POMS fluid) all ex Dow Corning.

The silicone -ay be received and incorporated into the composition either directly as an oil or pre-emulsified.
?re-emulsification is typically recuired when the silicone 5 is of a more viscous nature.
Suitable emulsiiiers include cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsif iers ' or mixtures thereof.
10 The reference z: the viscosity of the silicone denotes
either the viscosity before emulsification vhen the silicone is pro'vided as an emulsion for incorporation into the fabric conditioning composition or the viscosity of the silicone itself when provided as an oil-for incorporation into the
15 fabric conditioning composition.
The silicone preferably has a viscosity (measured on a Brookfield RV4 viscometer at 25CC using spindle No.4 at 100 rpm) of from IcSt to less than 10,000 centi-Stokes (cSt), 20 preferably from IcSt to 5,000cSt, more preferably from 2cSt to l,000cSt and most preferably 2cSt to lOOcSt.
It has been found that drying time can be reduced using
silicones having a viscosity of from 1 to 500,000 cSt.
25 However, it is most preferred that the viscosity is from 1
to less than 10,000cSt.
The silicone active ingredient is preferably present at a level of from 0.5 to 20%, more preferably from 1 to 122, 30 most preferably from 2 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

Optionally and advantageously, one or more un-alkoxyleted fatty alcohols are present in fabric conditioners of the present invention
5 Preferred alcohols have a hydrocarbyl chain length of from 10 to 22 carber. atones, more preferably 11 to 20 carbon atoms, most preferably 15 to 19 carbon atoms.
The fatty al may be saturated or unsaturated, though 10 saturated f y alechols are preferred as these have bee-found to deliver greater benefits in terms of stability, especially low temperature stability.
Suitable commercially available fatty alcohols include 15 tallow alcohol (available as Hycrenol S3, ex Sidobre Sinnova, and Laurex CS, ex Clariant).
The fatty alcohol content in the compositions is from 0 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight, 20 most preferably from 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the total weigh" :f the.composition.
It is particularly preferred that a fatty alcohol is present
if the composition is concentrated, that is if more than 8%
25 by weight of the cationic softening agent is present in the
composition.
It is preferred that the compositions further comprise a nonionic surfactant. Typically these can be included for 30 the purpose of stabilising the compositions.

Suitable nonionic surfactants include addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty amines.
5 Any of the alkoxylated materials of the particular type described vinafter can be used as the nonionic surfactant.
Suitable sUrFactants are substantially water soluble 0 surfactants of the general formula:
R—V—(C2H40)Z— C2H4OH
where R is selected from the group consisting of primary, 5 secondary and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl hydrocarbyl groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl hydrocarbyl groups; and primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl-substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; the hydrocarbyl croups having a chain length of from 8 to about 0 25, preferably 10 to 20, e.g. 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
In the general formula for the alkoxylated nonionic surfactant, Y is typically:
5 --0-- , —C(0)0— , —C(0)N(R)~ or --C(0)N(R)R--
in which R has the meaning given above or can be hydrogen; and Z is preferably from 8 to 40, more preferably from 10 t 30, most preferably from 11 to 25, e.g. 12 to 22.

The level of alkoxylation, Z, denotes the average number of alkoxy groups per molecule.
Preferably the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of from about 5 7 to about 20, more preferably from 10 to 18, e.g. 12 to 16.
Examples of nonionic surfactants follow. In the examples, the integer defines the number of ethoxy (EO) groups in the molecule.
10
The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and pentadecaethoxylates of n-hexadecanol, and n-octadecanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity/dispersibility modifiers in the context of this
15 invention. Exemplary ethoxylated primary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity/dispersibility modifiers of the
compositions are C18 EO(10); and C18 EO(ll). The ethoxylates
of mixed natural or synthetic alcohols in the "tallow" chain length range are also useful herein. Specific examples of 20 such materials include tallow alcohol-EO(11), tallow
alcohol-EO(18), and tallow alcohol-EO (25), coco alcohol-EO(10), coco alcohol-EO(15), coco alcohol-EO (20) and coco alcohol-EO(25).
25 The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, pentadeca-, octadeca-, and nonadeca-ethoxylates of 3-hexadecanol, 2-octadecanol, 4-eicosanol, and 5-eicosanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention.
30 Exemplary ethoxylated secondary alcohols useful herein as

the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are: C16 E0(I1); C20 EO(ll); and C15 EO(14).
As in the case of the alcohol alkcxyiates, the hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of alkylated phenols, particularly monohydric alkylphenols, having an HL3 within the range recited herein are useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. The hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of p-tri-decylphenons, m-pentadecylphenol, and the like, are useful herein. Exemplary ethoxylated alkylphenols useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the mixtures herein are: p-tridecylphenol E0(11) and p-pentadecylphenol E0(13).
As used herein and as generally recognized in the art, a phenylene group in the nonionic formula is the equivalent of an alkylene group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. For present purposes, nonionics containing a phenylene group are considered to contain an equivalent number of carbon atoms calculated as the sum of the carbon atoms in the alkyl group plus about 3.3 carbon atoms for each phenylene group.
The alkenyl alcohols, both primary and secondary, and alkenyl phenols corresponding to those disclosed immediately hereinabove can be ethoxylated to an KL3 within the range recited herein and used as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions.
Branched chain primary and secondary alcohols which are available from the well-known "0X0" orocess can be

ethoxyiated and employed as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of compositions herein.
Suitable polyol based surfactants include sucrose esters such sucrose mcnooleates, alkyl polyglucosides such as stearyi rr.onoglucosices and stearyl triglucoside and alkyl polyglycerels .
The above ncnionic surfactants are useful in the present compositions alone or in combination, and the term "nonionic surfactant" encompasses mixed nonionic surface active agents.
The nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.1 to 5%, most preferably 0.35 to 3.5%, e.g. 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
The fabric conditioner compositions of the invention preferably comprise one or more perfumes.
It is well known that perfume is provided as a mixture of various components. Suitable components for use in the perfume include those described in "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals) by Steffen Arctander, published by the author 1969 Mcntclait, N.J. (US), reprinted 1st April 1S82 library of Congress Catalog Number 75-91393..

The perfume is preferably present in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.5 to 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 5
The liquid carrier employed in the instant compositions is at least partly water due to its low cost, relative availability, safety, and environmental compatibility. The level of water in the liquid carrier is more than about 50%,
10 preferably more than about 80%, more preferably more than about 85%, by weight of the carrier. The level of liquid carrier is greater than about 50%, preferably greater than about 65%, more preferably greater than about 70%. Mixtures of water and a low molecular weight, e.g. 15 solvent, e.g. a lower alcohol such as ethanol, propanel, isopropanol or butanol are useful as the carrier liquid. Low molecular weight alcohols including monohydric, dihydric (glycol, etc.) trihydric (glycerol, etc.), and polyhydric (polyols) alcohols are also suitable carriers for use in the
20 compositions of the present invention.
Co-active softeners for the cationic surfactant may also be incorporated in an amount from 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10%, based on the total weight of the 25 composition. Preferred co-active softeners include fatty esters, and fatty N-oxides.
Preferred fatty esters include fatty monoesters, such as glycerol monostearate (hereinafter referred to as "GMS"). 30 If GMS is present, then it is preferred that the level of

GMS in the composition is from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
The co-active softener may also comprise an oily sugar 5 derivative. Suitable oily sugar derivatives, their methods of manufacture and their preferred amounts are described in WO-A1-01/46361 on page 5 line 16 to page 11 line 20, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
10 It is useful, though not essential, if the compositions comprise one or more polymeric viscosity control agents. Suitable polymeric viscosity control agents include nonionic and cationic polymers, such as hydrophobically modified cellulose ethers (e.g. Natrosol Plus, ex Hercules),
15 cationically modified starches (e.g. Softgel BDA and Softgel BD, both ex Avebe). A particularly preferred viscosity control agent is a copolymer of methacrylate and cationic acrylamide available under the tradename Flosoft 200 (ex SNF Floerger).
20
Nonionic and/or cationic polymers are preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 5wt%, more preferably 0.02 to 4wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
25 Other optional nonionic softeners, bactericides, soil-releases agents may also be incorporated in fabric conditioners of the invention.
30

The compositions may also contain one or more optional ingredients conventionally included in fabric conditioning compositions such as pH buffering agents, perfume carriers, fluorescers, colourants, hydrotropes, antifoaming agents, 5 antiredeposition agents, polyelectrolytes, enzymes, optical brightening agents, pearlescers, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-spotting agents, antioxidants, sunscreens, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, preservatives, anti-static agents, ironing aids and other 10 dyes.
The product may be a liquid or solid. Preferably the product is a liquid which, in its undiluted state at ambient temperature, comprises an aqueous liquid, preferably an 15 aqueous dispersion of the cationic softening material.
When the product is an aqueous liquid, it preferably has a pH of greater than 1.5 and less than 5, more preferably greater than 2 and less than 4.5.
20
The fabric conditioner composition is preferably used in the rinse cycle of a home textile laundering operation, where, it may be added directly in an undiluted state to a washing machine, e.g. through a dispenser drawer or, for a top-
25 loading washing machine, directly into the drum.
Alternatively, it can be diluted prior to use. The compositions may also be used in a domestic hand-washing laundry operation.

EXAMPLES
Examale 1
5 To determine the substantivity of a range of dyes the
following experiment was performed. A stock solution of 1.5g/L of a base washing powder in water was created. The washing powder contained 18% NaLAS, 73% salts (silicate, sodium tri-poly-phosphate, sulphate, carbonate), 3% minors
10 including perborate, fluorescer and enzymes, remainder
impurities and water. The solution was divided into 60mi aliquots and dye added to this to give a solution of optical density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlength) at the maximum absorption of the dye in the visible lengths, 400-700nm. The
15 optical density was measured using a UV-visible
spectrometer. 1 piece of bleached, non-mercerised, non-fluorescent woven cotton cloth (ex Phoenic Calico) weighing 1.3g was placed in the solution at room temperature (20°C). This cloth represents a slightly yellow cotton. The cloth
20 was left to soak for 45 minutes then the solution agitated for 10 mins, rinsed and dried. Following this the optical density of the solution was re-measured and the amount of dye' absorbed by the.cloth calculated. This experiment was repeated for each dye and A replicates were done per dye.
25
The dyes used and the % deposition is given in table 1. Table 2 gives the maximum extinction coefficient, Emsx, in the wash solution and the peak absorption wavelength in solution and on cotton. All values are reported to 2 significant figures.

Table 1

Table 2 5

Example 2

10

The experiment of example was repeted except -he rhe level in the vash solution was decreased to 1/10'", so that
the optical density was 0.1 (5 cm path length;, 'following the washes the Gar.; whiteness of the cloth was measured (see "assessment cf witeness and Tint of fluorescent Substrates with Good Interinstrument Correlation" Colour Research and Application 19, 19 . The results are displayed in table 3, the ganz whitenss values are accurate to +/-5 units. Large increase in the measured Ganz whiteness are found for
the substantive blue and violet dyes with λm£X on cotton in the range 570 to 640.

15 Table 3

Acid black 1, direct blue 1, direct violet 51, direct blue 71 and acid violet 17 gave the greatest increase in Ganz 20 whiteness.
Direct violet 51 and direct blue 71 gave a higher Ganz whiteness value than direct blue 1 and they have the further

advantage over direct blue 1 that they are not metabolised in the body to give carcinogenic amine, unlike the huge number of direct blue and violet dyes (e.g. direct blue 1) which contain moieties which breakdown to give the 5 carcinogenic benzidine, 3,3'dimethoxybenzidine or 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine. These dyes also have an advantage over many direct violet dyes' which contain transition metals that are hazardous to the environment and to humans.
10 Preferred direct eyes fall into two groups: The first group comprises tris-azo direct blue dyes based on the structure:

15 where at least two of the ?., B and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group. The C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or NHPh group, X is a benzyl or napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate groups and may be substituted at '2 position with a OH group
20 and may also be substituted with an NH2 or NHPh group.
Non-limiting examples of these dyes are direct blue 34, 70, 71, 72, 75, 73, 82, 120.
25 The second group comprises bis-azo direct violet dyes based on the structure

where Z is H cr phenyl. The A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and methoxy croup et the positions indicated by arrows.The A ring may elso be a naphthyl ring. The Y group 5 is a benzyl or raphthyi ring, which is substituted by
sulphate croup .are may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups.
Non-limiting examples of these dyes are direct violet 5, 7, 10 11, 31, 51. The invention also comprises compositions including a single dye of the structure of the first or second group,' or mixtures thereof, the dye or mixture having the defined peak absorption wavelenqth.
15 Example 3
The experiment of example 1 was repeated except using dyes at lower conre.-.tra'tic.-.s, such that the optical density (5cm) was approximately 0.05 and 0.025 giving faintly coloured 20 wash liquors (i.e. using dye levels 1/20 and l/40th of
experiment 1). Following washing and drying the increase in whiteness was measured by a reflectometer and expressed in Ganz units. The Gar.z values are accurate to +/- 5 units. The results are shown in the Table 3 below.

Table 4

Direct blue 71 gave the best results. 5
Example A
Example 3 was repeated but using the blue dye Acid Black 1, the red dyes Acid Red 88 and Acid Red 150, and mixtures 0 thereof. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table 5

Table 6

Dye Mixture Ganz whiteness
control 154
(A)+(C) 173
(A)+(D) 175
(A)+0.5(D) 171
(A)+(E) 176
(A)+(F) 175
(A)+0.5(F) 169
The results show that mixtures of red and blue dyes gives a 5 greater increase in whiteness than either alone. This is because the mixture produces a violet shade.

CIAIMS
1. A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt% of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption waveienc on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 57 0 mn to 630 mn, the combination comprising a phctostable dye which is substantive to cotton.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, which is a laundry detergent composition, preferably a particulate laundry detergent, composition.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, which is a laundry fabric conditioner.
4. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the surfactant is a non-soap surfactant.
5. A comocsiticn as claimed in claim A, wherein the surfactant is an anionic or cationic surfactant.
6. A composition as claimed'in claim 5, wherein the surfactant is C8~C15 linear alkyl benzene sulphonate.
7. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comorises from 5 to 60 wt% of surfactant.

A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises fluorescer.
A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the photostable dye has a substantivity to cotton in a standard test of greater than 7%, preforabiy from 3 to 80%, more preferably from 10 to 60%, most preferably from 15 to 40%, wherein the standard test is with a photostable dye concentration such that the solution has an optical .density of approximately 1 (5 cm pathlencth) at the maximum absorption of the dye in the visible wavelengths (4 00-7OOnm), a surfactant concentration of 0.3 g/L and under wash conditions of a, liquor to cloth ratio of 45:1, temperature of 20°C, soak times of 45 minutes, agitation time of 10 minutes.
A composition-as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises from 0.0005 to 0.05 wt% of dye, preferably from 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, more preferably from 0.002 to 0.003 wt%.
A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the photostable dye is an 220, anthraquinone or triarylmethane dye, preferably azo.
A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein the photostable dye is selected from the group of acid and direct dyes, and preferably is an acid dye.

A composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the photostabie dye is selected from acid black 1, acid violet 17, direct blue 71, direct violet 51, direct blue 1, acid red 88, acid red 150 or mixtures thereof
14. A composition as claimed in claim 12 wherein the
photostabie dye is selected from the group comprising tris-azo direct blue dyes of the formula:

where at least two of the A, 3 and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group, the C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or NK?h group, X is a benzyl or napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate groups and may be substituted at 2 position with a OH croup and may also be substituted with an NH2 or NHPh croup,
and bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula:

where Z is K or phenyl, the A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a benzyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by sulphate group and may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups.

10
15

A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt% of a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, the dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 54 0 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 570 mn to 630 mn, and wherein the photostable dye is selected from the group comprising tris-azo direct blue dyes of the formula:

X—N

20

where at least two of the A, B and C napthyl rings are subsituted by a sulphonate group, the C ring may be substituted at the 5 position by an NH2 or KHPh group,

X is a benryl c: napthyl ring substituted with upto 2 sulphonate croups and may be substituted at 2 position with a OH cr::p and may also be substituted with an NH; or NHPh or

where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring is preferably substituted by a methyl and metho>;y group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a benzyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by sulphate group and may be. mono or disubstituted by methyl groups.'

We claim:
A particulate laundry detergent treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.01 wt% of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, the combination comprising a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, wherein the photostable dye is selected from bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula:

where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring may be substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a phenyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by a sulphonate group and may be mono.or disubstituted by methyl groups, wherein dye is present in post-added granules and the concentration of dye in the granules is less than 0.1 wt%.
3 0 JUL 2008
2. A particulate laundry detergent treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.01 wt% of a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton, the dye having a peak, absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, and wherein the photostable dye is selected from bis-azo direct violet dyes of the formula:

where Z is H or phenyl, the A ring may be substituted by a methyl and methoxy group at the positions indicated by arrows, the A ring may also be a naphthyl ring, the Y group is a phenyl or naphthyl ring, which is substituted by a sulphonate group and may be mono or disubstituted by methyl groups, wherein the dye is present in post- added granules and the concentration of the dye in the granules is less than 0. 1 wt %.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is a laundry detergent composition, preferably a particulate laundry detergent composition.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is a laundry fabric conditioner.
5. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises from 5 to 60% of surfactant.
Dated this 16th day of December 2005
Dr. Sanchita Ganguli Of S. Majumdar&Co. Applicant's Agent
30 JUL 2008

LAUNDRY TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS

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