Title of Invention	A MULTI CYLINDER COMBUSTION ENGINE
Abstract	Single crankpin, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, comprising prismatic, cylinder like core crankcase, with multi-camshaft system to operate engine valves, using single crankpin crankshaft and having cylinder bores located on crankcase periphery in single vertical plane and cylinder bores being equidistant from crank bore axis and cylinder bores axes being concurrent on crank bore axis.

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FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENTS RULES, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (section 10 and rule 13) 1. Title of the invention MULT) CYLINDER A COMPACT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Applicant Tilak Waman Madhav 23/105, Saidham Society, Gorai, Borivali, Mumbai 400091 Indian National, 3. Preamble to the description The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. 2 4. DESCRIPTION FIELD OF INVENTION The invention pertains to a compact internal combustion engine which can be used for various purposes as conventional internal combustion engines. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Multi cylinder internal combustion engines, hereinafter also referred to as the MIC engines, are used as prime movers in automobiles, buses, trucks, tractors, harvesters, dumpers, sea-liners, launches, generating sets, pump sets, dumpers, construction equipments etc. DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING MIC ENGINE TECHNOLOGY Existing MIC Engines use linear crankshaft having multiple crankpins. These crankshafts are oriented along a straight line. Use of such linear crankshafts in MIC engines, have following disadvantages as inherent part of MIC engines. a) Volume and weight of linear crankshaft is more. It's weight forms major portion of weight of MIC engines because, linear crankshaft is long, its diameter is considerable and it consists of many balance weights. b) Linear crankshaft is made of alloy steel forgings. Steel used for manufacturing forgings is expensive. c) Manufacturing crankshaft is highly precise operation. It requires set of costly machine tools, precision toolings, sophisticated gages and skilled manpower. All these factors make existing MIC engines heavier and costly. These engines also consume more raw material and space. 3 SUMMERY OF INVENTION The present invention embodies use of a single crankpin crankshaft for MIC Engines, such MIC Engines using single crankpin crankshaft are hereinafter referred to as SCMIC engine /s. The conventional MIC Engines in existence have their cylinder bores machined along a straight line in linear crankcase. The shape of crankcase under the present invention is "somewhat prismatic with cylinder like central portion" and Cylinder bores machined on periphery of such crankcase. In some versions of SCMIC engines under invention only segment of "prismatic shape crankcase with cylinder like central portion" is used. The present invention uses a non-linear single crankpin crankshaft for an internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders. This eliminates use of linear crankshaft, consequently disadvantages of linear crankshaft are nullified. The SCMIC engine herein, under this invention, comprises of a single crankpin crankshaft internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders. It embodies different embodiments of (i) Crankcase, (ii) location of cylinder bores and (iii) systems to operate the valves. The SCMIC engine of the present invention embodies any of the following variants. a) Prismatic with cylinder like central portion crankcase b) A segmented prismatic crankcase with cylinder like central portion. c) Multi camshaft system for operating engine valves. In this system number of camshafts depend on total number of cylinder bores in same engine. Each camshaft services either one or two cylinder bores and its valves. (Ref. Fig. 6 & 7). 4 d) Cam ring set and lifter rocker system for operating engine valves. In this system, there is one cam ring set and multiple lifter rocker sets. Each lifter rocker set servicing one cylinder bore and its valves. Both these systems are part of present invention. (Ref. Fig. 8,9, 10 & 11) e) Location of cylinders in one plane. Cylinder bores are located on periphery of the crankcase in one vertical plane with reference to crankshaft axis. (Ref. Fig. 2 & 3) f) Location of cylinders along curvicular line. Cylinder bores are located on periphery of the crankcase, along curvicular line. (Ref. Fig. 4 & 5) Different combinations of these six systems are embodied, as per requirement to give eight variants of SCMIC engines. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 - Schematic straight-line location of cylinder bores in existing MIC engines using linear crankshaft. FIG. 2 - Diagrammatic representation of SCMIC engine with "Prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase having cylinder bores located on its periphery in one vertical plane. FIG. 3 - Shows cross-section of SCMIC engine in Fig.2. FIG. 4 - Schematic drawing of SCMIC engine having four cylinders in segmental "prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase. Cylinder bores are located along curvicular line on crankcase periphery. 5 FIG. 5 - Shows SCMIC engine in Fig. 4 in plan view. FIG. 6 - Shows schematic drawing of multi camshaft system operating engine valves for SCMIC engine having four cylinders and segmental crankcase. FIG. 7 - End view representation of Fig. 6. FIG. 8 - Shows schematic sketch of camring set and lifer rocker system operating engine valves. FIG. 9 - Shows end view of Fig. 8. FIG. 10 - Separate drawing of camring which is main part of camring set & lifter rocker system. FIG. 11 - End view of Fig. 10. FIG. 12 - Schematic representation of first variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 13 - End view of Fig. 12. FIG. 14 - Schematic representation of second variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 15 - End view of Fig. 14. FIG. 16 - Schematic representation of third variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 17 - End view of Fig. 16. FIG. 18 - Schematic representation of fourth variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 19-End view of Fig. 18. FIG. 20 - Schematic representation of fifth variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 21 - End view of Fig. 20. FIG. 22 - Schematic representation of sixth variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 23 - End view of Fig. 22. 6 FIG. 24 - Schematic representation of seventh variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 25 - End view of Fig. 24. FIG. 26 - Schematic representation of eighth variant of SCMIC engine. FIG. 27 - End view of Fig. 26. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION Now the invention is described with reference to the drawings referred above. A typical existing MIC engine has six cylinder bores (as shown in Fig 1 machined in crank case (6) along straight line (1) and uses crank shaft (2) with integral multiple crankpins. One crank pin (3) is positioned below each cylinder Thus, crankshaft becomes linear and crankshaft forms longest part of MIC engines. The SCMIC engine under invention uses a single crankpin crankshaft making the SCMIC engine compact. An SCMIC engine with prismatic cylinder like core crankcase and cylinder bore locations in vertical plane is schematically shown in Fig. 2 & 3. Fig. 2 is elevation view and Fig. 3 is sectional view. Fig. 2 shows SCMIC engine with four cylinders. The crankcase (1) is square prismatic with cylinder like core and it has four cylinders. This crankcase (1) has cylinder bores (2) machined on it's periphery in one vertical plane, shown by line (11). This plane is perpendicular to crankshaft axis. Cylinder bores are machined at fixed angular pitches. This angular pitch can very or can be same from Cylinder to Cylinder as per requirement. Center lines of all cylinder bores converge at point (12) on 7 Crankshaft axis. Cylinder tops (13) of all cylinders are equidistant from point (12). Pistons (3) are fitted in cylinder bores (2). Connecting rods (4) are fitted to pistons (3) by piston pins (5) Crankpin bores of all connecting rods (4) are fitted on crankpin hub (7), in their respective separate positions by hub pins (6). Crankpin hub (7) is fitted on single crankpin (8) of one crankpin crankshaft (9). Crankshaft (9) is assembled in journals (10) of crankcase (1) When crankshaft is rotated by cranking it, such as by starter, crankpin hub rotates with it. Crankpin hub rotation operates pistons to move rectilinearly in cylinder bores. Consequently SCMIC engine gets fired, starts and runs In another embodiment, SCMIC engine embodies a segmented crank case of prismatic shape with cylinder like core is shown in Fig. 4 and 5. Fig. 4 is elevation view and Fig. 5 is plan view of schematic drawing. This "Segment of hexagonal prismatic with cylinder like core" shape crankcase (1) has four cylinders. Cylinder bores (2) are machined on periphery of crankcase (1) along curvicular line. Characteristics of curvicular line are defined by axial pitch (10) and angular pitch (9). This angular pitch and axial pitch can be varied or can be same from Cylinder to Cylinder. Centerlines of all cylinder bores pass through a straight line. This straight line is equidistant from tops of all cylinders (16).(Points of intersection of this straight line and centerlines of cylinder bores are shown by (12, 13, 14 & 15). Distance (12 - 13) (13-14) and (14-15) are each equal to axial pitch (10). This straight line being equidistant from all cylinder tops, forms axis of crankshaft (8)(Pistons (3), piston pins (5), connecting rods (4) are assembled in cylinder bores (2)) Crankpin diameters of all connecting rods (4) are fitted on single crankpin (6) of one crankpin crankshaft (8)(Crankshaft (8) is further assembled in journals (7) of crankcase (1). When crankshaft is rotated by cranking it, by starter, pistons move in cylinder bores in rectilinear motion to fire and run SCMIC engine. 8 The cylinder valves may be operated by two systems. Working of multi camshaft system to operate engine valves of SCMIC engine is shown schematically in Fig. 6 & 7. Fig. 6 is elevation view and Fig. 7 is end view of the system. This system has crank-gear (2) integral with crankshaft (10). Crank-gear (2) drives two different idler gears (3). Idler gears (3) are fitted on idler shafts (7). Idler gears (3) further drive camshafts gears (4). Camshafts gears (4) are located on camshafts (5). Camshafts (5), idler shafts (7) and crankshafts (10) are located in respective locations (6,8 & 9) in crankcase (1). Design of this gear train is such that proper speed of rotation is given to camshafts (5). Camshafts further operate lifters, pushrods, engine rocker arms and engine valves. In another embodiment, cam ring set and lifter rocker system is used to operate engine valves, is shown in Fig. 8 and 9. Fig. 8 is elevation view and Fig. 9 is end view of schematic drawing of this system. This system has crank gear (2) integral with crankshaft (15). Crank gear (2) drives idler gear (4). Idler gear 4 is fitted on idler shaft (5) along with other idler gear (3). This way drive given to idler gear (4) is imparted to idler gear (3). Idler gear (3) further drives camring gear (6). Camring gear (6) is located on camring spigot (8). Camring spigot (8) is located on camring spigot housing (7). Camring spigot housing (7) is fitted to crankcase (1), and allows free rotation of camring spigot (8). Camring set (9) is also mounted on camring spigot (8) and rotates with camring gear (6) at same speed. Idler shaft (5) and crankshaft (15) are mounted in respective bores in crankcase (1). Gear train in this system is designed to give required speed to camring set (9) to operate engine valves. When camring set (9) rotates it gives movement to lifters (10). Lifters (10) are guided in guide holes in rocker block (11). This rocker block (11) is fitted to crankcase (1). Lifters (10) movement operates lifter rocker arms (12). Lifter rocker arms (12) further operate pushrod rocker arms (13). Lifter rocker arms (12) and push rod rocker arms (13) are 9 fitted on rocker block (11) and they are free to swivel about their respective axis. Movements of push rod rocker arms (13) is given to push rods (14), engine rocker arms and finally to engine valves. Camring set being an important part of this system is shown separately in Fig. 10 & 11. Fig. 10 is elevation view and Fig. 11 is end view. There are several suitable grooves (2) in main body of camring set (1). Cam-rings are fitted in these grooves by screws. Holes (3) are provided in main body of camring set (1), for these screws for location. All cam-rings for all cylinders when fitted in all grooves of main body (1), a cam ring set is formed. This set rotates with camring gear at required speed as explained earlier. EIGHT VARIANTS OF SCMIC ENGINES Out of eight variants four variants of SCMIC engines using "prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase, are more useful in stationary equipments like generating sets, pump-sets, construction equipments etc., where ground clearance is sufficient. Remaining four variants of SCMIC engines using "segmental prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase are more useful in vehicles like cars, where ground clearance is less. Working of eight variants of SCMIC engines FIRST VARIANT Working of first variant of SCMIC engine is schematically shown in Fig. 12 and 13. Fig. 12 is elevation view and Fig. 13 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. The described variant of SCMIC engine has four cylinders in Crankcase (1). Crankcase is prismatic type with cylinder like core. All cylinder bores are machined in one vertical plane with reference to crankshaft axis. The camshaft gear train has two camshaft gears (7), 10 two idler gears (6), one crank gear (5) is integral with crankshaft (9). Idler shaft (12) gives proper location to idler gears (6). Each camshaft (10) has set of four cams (11) and each camshaft serves push rods (8) of two cylinders. Pushrods further operate engine rocker arms (3) and engine valves (4) in cylinder heads (2). This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores oriented on crankcase periphery in one vertical plane. c) Multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. SECOND VARIANT Working of second variant of SCMIC engine is schematically shown in Fig. 14 and 15. SCMIC engine variant shown in these figures has prismatic cylinder like core crankcase (1). This variant has four cylinders. All cylinder bores are machined on crankcase periphery in one vertical plane with reference to crankshaft axis. Engine valves are operated by camring set (13) and lifter rocker (15) system. Crank gear (5) is integral with crankshaft (9). Crank gear (5) drives idler gears (6) which further drives cam ring gear (17) and camring set (13). Camring set (13) operates lifters (18), lifter rockers (15), pushrod rockers (16), push rods (8), engine rocker arms (3) and engine valves (4) in cylinder head (2). Rocker block (14) which guides lifters (18) and locates lifter rockers (15) and push rod rockers (16) is shown. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores oriented on crankcase periphery in one vertical plane. c) Camring set and lifter rocker system to operate engine valves. 11 THIRD VARIANT Working of third variant of SCMIC engine is shown schematically in Fig. 16 & 17. Figure 16 is elevation and Fig. 17 is end view of Schematic drawing. This variant of SCMIC engine has four cylinders and cylinder bores machined on periphery of crankcase along curvicular line. Crankcase is having "prismatic cylinder like core" shape. Each cylinder advances axially along crankshaft axis direction by axial pitch (19). Rest of assembly positions are same as described earlier. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Curvicular line orientation of cylinder bores on crankcase periphery. c) Multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. FOURTH VARIANT Working of fourth variant of SCMIC engine is shown in schematic figures 18 and 19. Figure 18 is elevation and Fig. 19 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. This variant of SCMIC engine has four cylinders. Cylinder bores are machined on periphery of "prismatic cylinder like Core" crankcase along curvicular line. Each cylinder bore advances axially along crankshaft axis by axial pitch (19). Rest of description is same as described earlier. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Curvicular line orientation of cylinder bores crankcase periphery. 12 b) Camring set and lifter rocker system to operate engine valves. FIFTH VARIANT Working of fifth variant of SCMIC engine is shown in schematic figures 20 and 21. Figure 20 is elevation and Fig. 21 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. This variant of SCMIC engine has four cylinders. Cylinder bores are machined on periphery of "segmental hexagonal prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase in one vertical plane with reference to crankshaft axis. This variant has multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. Rest of assembly positions are same as described earlier. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Segmental prismatic cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores are oriented on periphery of crankcase in one vertical plane. c) Multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. It can be seen here that crankshaft centerline distance from engine base is less. This is possible because of use of segmental crankcase. This characteristic of this variant and variants number 6,7 and 8 described later on, make these variants of SCMIC engine suitable for vehicles like cars. SIXTH VARIANT Working of sixth variant of SCMIC engine is shown in schematic figures 22 and 23. Figure 22 is elevation and Fig. 23 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. This variant of SCMIC engine has three cylinders. Cylinder bores are machined on periphery of "segmental square prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase in one vertical plane with reference to crankshaft axis. This variant has camring set and lifter rocker system to operate engine valves. Rest of description is same as described hereinabove. This variant of SCMIC engine has 13 a) Segmental prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores machined on periphery of crankcase in one vertical plane. b) Camring set and lifter rocker system to operate engine valves. SEVENTH VARIANT Working of seventh variant of SCMIC engine is shown in schematic drawing in figure 24 & 25. Figure 24 is elevation and Fig. 25 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. This variant of SCMIC engine has four cylinders. Cylinder bores are machined on periphery of "segmental hexagonal prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase, along curvicular line. Each cylinder advances axially by axial pitch (19) along crankshaft axis direction. This variant has multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. Rest of description is same as described earlier. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Segmental prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores machined on periphery of crankcase along curvicular line. c) Multi camshaft system to operate engine valves. EIGHTH VARIANT Working of eighth variant of SCMIC engine is shown in schematic drawing in figure 26 & 27. Figure 26 is elevation and Fig. 27 is end view of schematic drawing. Figures show general layout of this variant of SCMIC engine. This variant of SCMIC engine has three cylinders. Cylinder bores are machined on periphery of "segmental square prismatic cylinder like core" crankcase along curvicular line. Each cylinder advances axially along crankshaft axis direction by axial pitch (19). This variant has camring set and lifter rocker system to operate engine valves. Rest of the description is same as described earlier. This variant of SCMIC engine has a) Segmental prismatic with cylinder like core crankcase. b) Cylinder bores machined on periphery of crankcase along curvicular line. c) Camring set and lifter rocket system to operate engine valves. It must be noted that schematic drawings of SCMIC engine given for various variants, are given for description. Number of cylinders in each example of SCMIC engine of eight variants can be increased or decreased, if need arises for different requirements, in each variant of SCMIC engine. Furthermore in all explanatory drawings of all variants, crankshaft axis of SCMIC engine is shown horizontal. This also can be changed as per needs of different applications. In that case SCMIC Engine can be mounted vertically or at an angle as per requirement In any case of application, if all cylinders can not be accommodated on periphery of one crankcase, one more set of cylinders on another crankcase can be added to increase number of cylinders as per requirement In this case crankshafts of both sets of cylinders will be coupled together or can be integral. This can be repeated again if required. Angular pitches and axial pitches of cylinder bores on periphery of crankcase can be same or different as per requirement STATEMENT OF INVENTION Single crankpin multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising prismatic, cylinder like core crankcase, with multi-camshaft system to operate engine valves, using single crankpin crankshaft and having cylinder bores located on the crankcase periphery in single vertical plane and cylinder bores being equidistant from crank bore axis and cylinder bores axes being concurrent on crank bore axis. 15 I Claim: 1. Single crankpin, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, comprising prismatic, cylinder like core crankcase, with multi-camshaft system to operate engine valves, using single crankpin crankshaft and having cylinder bores located on crankcase periphery in single vertical plane and cylinder bores being equidistant from crank bore axis and cylinder bores axes being concurrent on crank bore axis. 2. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein cylinder bores are located on periphery of crankcase along curvicular line defined by axial pitch and angular pitch, centerlines of all cylinder bores pass through crank bore axis and tops of all cylinder bores are equidistant from crank bore axis. 3. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein axial pitch and angular pitch can very from cylinder to cylinder. 4. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein segmental, prismatic, cylinder-like core crankcase is used. 16 5. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 wherein camring and lifter-rocker system is used to operate engine valves. 6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 wherein multiple such engines can be coupled together to increase number of cylinders by integral, coupled crankshaft. 7. Single crankpin multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, substantially as herein defined, and illustrated in figures of accompanying drawings.

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