Title of Invention

A NOVEL PARA-TERTIARY ALKYLPHENYL SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINES AND PYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS.

Abstract This invention relates generally to para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines and the use thereof to protect against degradation by environmental forces, inclusive of ultraviolet light, actinic radiation, oxidation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants and combinations thereof. The new class of para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines includes two tertiary alkylated phenyl groups, and a resorcinol or substituted resocinol group attached to the triazine or pyrimidine ring. These materials may, under the appropriate circumstances, be bonded to formulations comprising coatings, polymers, resins, organic compounds and the like via reaction of the bondable functionality with the materials of the formulation. A method for stabilizing a material by incorporating such para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines is also disclosed.
Full Text NON-YELLOWING PARA-TERTIARY-ALKYL PHENYL SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE
AND PYRIMIDINE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ABSORBERS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to novel
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted triazines and
pyrimidines and their use as protectants against degradation
by environmental forces, including ultraviolet light, actinic
radiation, oxygen, moisture, atmospheric pollutants and
combinations thereof.
Exposure to sunlight and other sources of
ultraviolet radiation is known to cause degradation of a
variety of materials, especially polymeric materials. For
example, polymeric materials such as plastics often discolor
and may become brittle as a result of exposure to ultraviolet
light. Accordingly, a large body of art has been developed
directed towards materials such as ultraviolet light
absorbers and stabilizers which are capable of inhibiting
such degradation.
A class of materials known to be ultraviolet light
absorbers are o-hydroxyphenyltriazines, in which at least one
substituent on the 1, 3 or 5 carbon on the triazine ring is a
phenyl group with a hydroxyl group ortho to the point of
attachment to the triazine ring. In general this class of
materials is well known in the art. Disclosures of such
compounds can be found in United States Patent No. 3,242,175
and United States Patent No. 3,244,708.
A further example is found in United States Patent
Nos. 3,843,371 and 3,896,125, which disclose various
hydroxyphenyltriazines. These triazines show poor
solubilities and poor stabilities, and can discolor with
time.
Hydroxyphenyltriazines in combination with other UV
absorbers such as hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, benzophenones,
oxanilides, cyanoacrylates, salicylates, acrylonitriles and
thiozlines, are also well known. For example, United States
Patent Nos. 4,853,471, 4,973,702, 4,921,966 and 4,973,701
disclose such combinations.
Typically, the aforementioned aryl ring with the
hydroxyl group ortho to the point of attachment to the
triazine ring is based on resorcinol and, consequently, this
aryl ring also contains a second substituent (either a
hydroxyl group or a derivative thereof) para- to the point of
attachment to the triazine ring. For example, United states
Patents No. 3,118,837 and 3,244,708 disclose p-alkoxy-o-
hydroxyphenyl triazines with improved UV protection, but such
triazines also exhibit poor solubility and poor long-term
stabilities.
This para- substituent can be "non-reactive," as in
the case of an alkyloxy group, or "reactive" as in the case
of a hydroxyalkyloxy (active hydrogen reactive site) or
(meth)acryloyl (ethylenic unsaturation reactive site) group.
For the purposes of the present invention, the former are
referred to as "non-bondable" benzocycle-substituted
pyrimidines and triazines and the latter are referred to as
"bondable" para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines
and triazines.
Many polymer additives (such as ultraviolet light
stabilizers) volatilize or migrate out of the polymer
substrate to be protected, or are adsorbed (chemically or
physically) by one or more systems components (such as
pigments), thereby diminishing their effectiveness. Such
volatilization, migration and adsorption problems are
examples of the general problems of lack of solubility and
compatibility found for many commercial polymer additives.
Bondable triazines are well known in the art. For
example, United States Patent Nos. 3,423,360, 4,962,142 and
5,189,084 disclose various bondable and the incorporation of
these compounds into polymers by chemical bonding. Bondable
stabilizers have a potential advantage in this respect in
that, depending on the bondable functionality and the
particular polymer system to be stabilized, they can be
chemically incorporated into a polymer structure via reaction
of the bondable functionality either during polymer formation
(such as in the case of polymerizing monomers or a
crosslinking polymer system) or subsequently with a preformed
polymer having appropriate reactive functionality. Due to
such bonding, migration of these UV absorbers between layers
of multi-layer coatings and into polymer substrates is
greatly reduced.
Several of the previously incorporated references
disclose tertiary alkylated substituted triazines. For
example United States Patent No. 3,242,175 and United States
Patent No. 3,244,708 disclose mono-tertiary butylated benzene
triazines. There remains a need for new UV-stabilizers which
possess improved compatibility with the polymer systems to
which they are added, as well as impart improved
environmental stability to such systems. The present
invention provides novel para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted triazine and pyrimidine stabilizers which satisfy
this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new class of para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl-substituted pyrimidines and triazines
depicted below, in which a substituent attached to the
triazine or pyrimidine ring is a bondable or non-bondable
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl group:
wherein Z signifies a resorcinol radical which is bound
through a cyclic carbon atom directly to the triazine ring or
a substituted resorcinol radical, A can be a nitrogen or
optionally substituted methine, and each R signifies a
hydrocarbyl group to form a tertiary carbon attached to the
ring. These para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted triazines
and pyrimidines have the advantage of being highly soluble in
and compatible with many polymers and coatings while being
stable to environmental degradation that has lead previous UV
stabilizers to turn yellow and to degrade with respect to
performance as UV absorbers.
More specifically, the new para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention have general formula (II):
wherein
each A is independently nitrogen or methine optionally
substituted with R2, and at least two A are nitrogen;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking
group
each of L, R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen,
hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
—O(hydrocarbyl), —O(functional hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), —N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
—S(hydrocarbyl), —S(functional hydrocarbyl),
—SO2 (hydrocarbyl) , —SO3 (hydrocarbyl) ,
—SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), —SO3(functional
hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional
hydrocarbyl), —CO(hydrocarbyl;, —CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), —OCO(hydrocarbyl), —OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl) ,
-CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a
hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above
groups; and
each R is identical or different, and is independently a
hydrocarbyl group of between 1 and 21 carbon atoms,
an alkenyl group of between 2 and 21 atoms, a
cycloalkyl of between 5 and 21 carbon atoms, an
aralkyl of between 7 and 21 carbon atoms, and of
the above hydrocarbyl groups substituted with one
or more groups selected from the following:
halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
—O(functional hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
—S(hydrocarbyl), —S(functional hydrocarbyl),
—SO2 (hydrocarbyl) , -SO3 (hydrocarbyl) ,
—SO2 (functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3 (functional
hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional
hydrocarbyl), —CO(hydrocarbyl), —CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), —OCO(hydrocarbyl), —OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl),
-CONH(functional hydrocarbyl),
-CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl); provided that
the R groups are connected to a quaternary carbon
that is attached to the ring.
Preferably L is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24
carbon atoms, or a functional hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24
carbon atoms; and R is methyl, ethyl, propyl or phenyl. It
is more preferred that each tertiary carbon attached to the
ring have two R groups of methyl, ethyl or propyl and one of
phenyl, or all three R groups being methyl, ethyl or propyl.
It is most preferred for each tertiary carbon to have two R
groups being methyl with the third R group being alkyl or
phenyl. More preferably, each L in formula (II) is
independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen; an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally
substituted by one or more hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxy,
carboalkoxy, amino, amido, carbamato, or epoxy groups,
and which may contain one or more carbonyl groups,
oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms in the chain;
an alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms optionally
substituted by hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxy,
carboalkoxy, amino, amido, carbamato, or epoxy
groups and which may contain one or more carbonyl
groups, oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms in the
chain;
an aralkyl of 7 to 24 carbon atoms optionally
substituted by one or more hydroxyl, alkoxy,
chloro, cyano, carboxy, carboalkoxy, amino, amido,
carbamato, or epoxy groups and may contain one or
more carbonyl groups, oxygen atoms or nitrogen
atoms in the ring;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XII
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D1 (XII)
wherein D1 is hydrogen,

-CH2-CH(OH) -CH2-OH, or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIII
-CO- (CH2)U-O- (CH2-(CH2)-O-)mm-D2 (XIII)
wherein D2 is - (CH2)U-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula VIII
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D3 (XIV)
wherein D3 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XV
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1- CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-B1-D4 (XV)
wherein D4 is hydrogen of R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVI
-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVI)
wherein D5 is -NH2, -NH- (CH2)2-COO-R23 or -O-R2b;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVII
-YY-O-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVII)
wherein D5 is as defined under formula (XVI);
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVIII
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D6 (XVIII)
wherein D6 is -NH-CO-R24, -OR25, OH or H;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIX (XIX)

wherein D7 is -OR25, -NHCOR24 or -OCH2CH2OR25;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
R22 is halogen or -O-R23;
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, aryl, or
aryl-C1-C4-alkyl;
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl;
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,
C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl-C1-C4 alkyl;
R26 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl;
R27 is hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C18 alkoxy,
halogen or aryl-C1-C4-alkyl;
R28 and R29 independently of one another are hydrogen,
C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C18 alkoxy, or
halogen;
R30 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CN;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B1 is HN or 0;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
and R is methyl.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines
and triazines of the present: invention further comprise
oligomeric species of formulas (III), (IV) and (V):

wherein
A, R, R3, R4, and X, are as defined above;
r is an integer between 2 and 4;
D when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of
C2-C16 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20
alkylene which is interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3—C20 alkyl which is
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms,
-CH2CH (OH) CH2O-R15-OCH2CH (OH) CH2-, -CO-R16-CO-,
-CO-NH-R17-NH-CO-, -(CH2)S-COO-R18-OCO-(CH2)-
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-(XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI) ,
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula
XXIII
- (CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mmC2nn-B1-CO-
CH(R21)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnrH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO- (XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn- (XXVI) ,
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula
XXVII
-CH (CH3) -CH2- (O-CH (CH3) -CH2) a- (O-CH2-CH2) b- (O-CH2-
CH(CH3)C- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c =
2 to 33 and b = 0,
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl,
R22 is halogen or -O-R23,
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,
aryl, or aryl-C1-C4-alkyl,
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl,
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-Cl2 cycloalkyl, C3-C6
alkenyl, C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl-C1-C4
alkyl,
R26 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl,
R27 is hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,
C1-C18 alkoxy, halogen or aryl-C1-C4 alkyl,
R28 and R29 independently of one another are
hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, or
C1-C18 alkoxy, or halogen;
R30 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CN,
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20
alkyl,
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16,
mm is an integer from 2 to 60,
nn is an integer from 2 to 6,
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
when r is 3, D is

and when r is 4, D is

wherein R19 is C3—C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4— C10
alkanetetryl; and
s is 1-6;
R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10
dithiaalkylene, phenylene, naphthylene,
diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or phenylene-
XX-phenylene wherein XX is -O-, -S-, -SO2-,
-CH2-, or -C(CH3)2-;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10
dithiaalkylene, phenylene, naphthylene,
diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene provided that
when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene,
diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene,
methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15
alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted
by one or more oxygen atoms;
and

wherein
A, R, R3, R4, and L, are as defined above; r is 2 or 3;
X', when r is 2, is -CO-R16-CO-, -CO2-R16-CO2-,
-SO2-R16-SO2-, -CO-NH-R17-NH-CO-, a polyoxyalkylene bridge
member of formula -CO- (CH2) u-O- (CH2- (CH2) u-O-) mm- (CH2) u-CO-,
or -COCH (R21) CH2NH (CnnH2nnO)mCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH (R21) CO-
wherein R16 and R17 are as defined above.
and

wherein A, R3, L and X, are as defined above;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of straight
chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, branched chain
alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to
12 carbon atoms, alkyl substituted by cyclohexyl,
alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl, alkyl substituted
by phenylene, alkyl interrupted by phenylene,
benzylidene, -S-, -S-S-, -S-E-S-, -SO-, -SO2-,
-SO-E-SO-, -SO2-E-SO2-, -CH2-NH-E-NH-CH2-, and

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of alkyl
of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon
atoms, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon
atoms, alkyl terminated by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon
atoms; and
r is an integer between 2 and 4.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention further
comprise a compound of formula (XXXIV):

wherein
A, X, R, R3, and R4 are defined as in claim 1;
each of T and T' is independently a direct bond, carbon,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, boron,
silicon, or functional groups containing these
elements;
each of Y and Z are each of Y, Z, R3 and R4 are
independently a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl group, a
functional hydrocarbyl group, halogen,, hydroxyl,
cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl), -O(functional hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
-S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl),
-SO2 (hydrocarbyl), -SO2 (hydrocarbyl),
-SO3 (hydrocarbyl), -SO3 (functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl),
-CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl,
-OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hyrdocarbyl), -CONH(functional hyrdocarbyl),
-CON(hydrocarbyl)(hyrdocarbyl),
-CON(hydrocarbyl)(functional hyrdocarbyl),
-CON(functional hydrocarbyl) (functional
hyrdocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl),
-SO2 (functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3 (functional
hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by
any of the above groups.
The substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the
present invention may optionally have the added benefit of
being capable of being chemically bonded to appropriate
polymer systems via functionality attached to the
alkylphenyl, pyrimidine and triazine groups (e.g., by a
hydroxyl, ethylenic unsaturated and/or activated unsaturated
group in one or more of R1, R2, Y or Z) .
These para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines may in general be prepared via a
number of procedures well known in the art, for example,
those described in Brunetti, H; Luethi, C.; Helv. Chemica
Acta, 55. (1972) pp. 1566-1595; Tanimoto, S. ; Yamagata, M.
Senryo to Yakahin, 40 (1995) pp 339ff; EP 779,28OA1; Japanese
Patent Kokai Tokkyo Koho 9,059,263; and by Friedel-Crafts
reaction starting with a chloro-substituted triazine or
pyrimidine.
The novel para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention are
particularly useful as ultraviolet light absorber agents for
stabilizing a wide variety of materials including, for
example, organic compounds, oils, fats, waxes, cosmetics,
dyes and biocides, and particularly various organic polymers
(both crosslinked and non-crosslinked) used in applications
such as photographic materials, plastics, fibers or dyed
fibers, rubbers, paints and other coatings, and adhesives.
The present invention, consequently, also relates to (1) a
method of stabilizing a material which is subject to
degradation by actinic radiation (e.g., an organic material
such as an organic polymer in the form of a film, fiber,
shaped article or coating) by incorporating into said
material an amount of an actinic radiation stabilizer
composition effective to stabilize the material against the
effects of actinic radiation, wherein the actinic radiation
stabilizer composition comprises the inventive para-tertiary
alkyl phenyl substituted 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine; and
(2) the material so stabilized.
The novel para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention are also
effective as ultraviolet light screening agents in
applications such as sunscreens and other cosmetic
preparations, capstock layers for extruded polymers, dyed
fibers and laminated UV-screening window films, among others.
The present invention, consequently, also relates (1) to a
method of protecting a substrate against degradation by
actinic radiation by applying to the substrate an actinic
radiation screening layer (e.g., a coating film or capstock
layer) containing an actinic radiation screening composition
in an amount effective to reduce the amount of actinic
radiation impinging on the substrate, wherein the actinic
radiation screening composition comprises the inventive
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and
triazines; and (2) the substrate so protected.
The novel para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention may also
be employed to form light stabilizing compositions. Such
light stabilizing compositions may include a variety of other
components known in the art including other ultraviolet light
absorbers of the triazine class, other ultraviolet light
absorbers of different classes (e.g. benzotriazoles,
benzophenones), hindered amine light stabilizers, radical
scavengers, antioxidants and the like.
These and other features and advantages of the
present invention will be more readily understood by those of
ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following
detailed description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and
triazines
As used herein, the term "para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines" broadly refers
to any compound of formulas (I) through (V), above.
As used herein, the term "para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl" broadly refers to any compound or substituent of
general formula:

wherein substituent R is as above for general formulas (I)-
(V) ;
The term "hydrocarbyl" in the context of the
present invention, and in the above formulas, broadly refers
to a monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the valency is
derived by abstraction of a hydrogen from a carbon atom.
Hydrocarbyl includes, for example, aliphatics (straight and
branched chain), cycloaliphatics, aromatics and mixed
character groups (e.g., aralkyl and alkaryl). Hydrocarbyl
also includes such groups with internal unsaturation and
activated unsaturation. More specifically, hydrocarbyl
includes (but is not limited to) such groups as alkyl,
cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl and
alkynyl, preferably having up to 24 carbon atoms. A
hydrocarbyl may optionally contain a carbonyl group or groups
(which is/are included in the carbon count) and/or a
heteroatom or heteroatoms (such as at least one oxygen,
sulfur, nitrogen or silicon), in the chain or ring.
The term "functional hydrocarbyl" in the context of
the present invention, and in the above formulas, broadly
refers to a hydrocarbyl possessing pendant and/or terminal
reactive and/or latent reactive functionality and/or leaving
groups. "Reactive" functionality refers to functionality
which is reactive with common monomer/polymer functionality
under normal conditions well understood by those persons of
ordinary skill in the relevant art. As non-limiting examples
of reactive functionality may be mentioned active hydrogen
containing groups such as hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, thio,
amido, carbamoyl and activated methylene; isocyanato; cyano;
epoxy; ethylenically unsaturated groups such as allyl and
methallyl; and activated unsaturated groups such acryloyl and
methacryloyl, and maleate and maleimido (including the
Diels-Alder adducts thereof with dienes such as butadiene).
"Latent reactive" functionality within the meaning of the
present invention and, as would clearly be understood by
those persons of ordinary skill in the art, refers to
reactive functionality which is blocked or masked to prevent
premature reaction. As examples of latent reactive
functionality may be mentioned ketimines and aldimines
(amines blocked, respectively, with ketones and aldehydes);
amine-carboxylate salts; and blocked isocyanates such as
alcohol (carbamates), oxime and caprolactam blocked
variations. A "leaving" group within the meaning of the
present invention, as would clearly be understood by those
persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art, is a
substituent attached to the hydrocarbyl chain or ring which
during reaction is dislodged or displaced to create a valency
on a carbon or hetero atom in the hydrocarbyl chain or ring,
said valency being filled by a nucleophile. As examples of
leaving groups may be mentioned halogen atoms such as
chlorine, bromine and iodine; hydroxyl groups (protonated and
unprotonated); quaternary ammonium salts (NT/); sulfonium
salts (ST3+) ; and sulfonates (—OSO3T) ; where T is, e.g.,
methyl or para-tolyl. Of all these classes of reactive
functionality, the preferred functionality includes hydroxyl,
-COOR5, — CR6=CH2, —CO—CR6=CH2, Cl, an isocyanate group, a
blocked isocyanate group and -NHR5, wherein
R5 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl
(preferably of up to 24 carbon atoms); and
R6 is selected from hydrogen and an alkyl of 1 to 4
carbon atoms (preferably hydrogen and methyl).
The term "hydrocarbylene" in the context of the
present invention is a divalent hydrocarbon group in which
both valencies derive by abstraction of hydrogens from carbon
atoms. Included within the definition of hydrocarbylene are
the same groups as indicated above for hydrocarbyl and
functional hydrocarbyl with, of course, the extra valency
(for example, alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, alkylaryl,
etc. ) .
The term "functional hydrocarbylene" in the context
of the present invention refers to a species of
hydrocarbylene possessing pendant reactive functionality,
latent reactive functionality and/or leaving groups. The
term "non-functional hydrocarbylene" in the context of the
present invention refers generally to a hydrocarbylene other
than a functional hydrocarbylene.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines in accordance with the present
invention also relate to latent stabilizing compounds against
actinic radiation of the general formulas (I) - (V), wherein
at least one of the hydroxyl groups on the aryl ring ortho to
the point of attachment to the triazine or pyrimidine ring is
blocked, that is, wherein at least one X is other than
hydrogen. Such latent stabilizing compounds liberate the
effective stabilizers by cleavage of the O—X bond, e.g., by
heating or by exposure to UV radiation. Latent stabilizing
compounds are desirable because they have many favorable
properties, i.e., good substrate compatibility, good color
properties, a high cleavage rate of the O—X bond and a long
shelf life. The use of latent stabilizing compounds is
further described in United States Patent Nos. 4,775,707,
5,030,731, 5,563,224 and 5,597,854, which are incorporated
herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
Latent stabilizing compounds comprising the para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
in accordance with the present invention can be prepared from
compounds of the general formulas (I) - (V), wherein at least
one X is hydrogen, by subjecting said compounds to a further
reaction to form latent stabilizing compounds, as described
in the immediately preceding incorporated references.
As preferred examples of blocking groups X may be
mentioned one or more of the following groups: allyl, -CORa,
-SO2Rb, -SiRcRdRe, -PRfRg or -PORfRg, -CONHRh
wherein
each Ra is independently selected from C1—C8 alkyl,
halogen-substituted C1—C8 alkyl, C5—C12 cycloalkyl,
C2—C8 alkenyl, —CH2—CO—CH3, C1—C12 alkoxy, and phenyl
or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by
C1—C12 alkyl, C1—C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or benzyl;
each Rb is independently selected from C1—C12 alkyl, C6—C10
aryl and C7—C18 alkylaryl;
each Rc, Rd and Re is independently selected from Cl—C18
alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and C1—C18 alkoxy;
each Rf and Rg is independently selected from C1-C12.
alkoxy, C1—C12 alkyl, C5—C12 cycloalkyl, and phenyl or
phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by
Cl—C12 alkyl, Cl—C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or benzyl;
and
each Rh is independently selected from C1—C8 alkyl, C5—C12
cycloalkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, -CH2-CO-CH3, and phenyl
which is unsubstituted or substituted by Cl—C12
alkyl, C2-C8 alkonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or
benzyl.
The reaction to give the latent stabilizing
compounds of the present invention of the general formula (I)
and (II), in which X is allyl, -CORa, -SO2Rb, -SiRcRdRe, -PRfRg
or —PORfRg, can be carried out, for example, by reaction of
the compounds of the general formula (III) through (V),
wherein at least one X is hydrogen with the corresponding
halides such as allyl chloride, Cl—CORa,
Cl-SO2Rb, Cl-SiRcRdRe, Cl-PRfRg, or Cl-PORfRg. The reaction to
give the latent stabilizing compounds of the present
invention of the general formulas (III) through (V) in which
X is —CONHRh can be carried out, for example, by reaction of
the compounds of the general formulas (III) through (V),
wherein at least one X is hydrogen with the corresponding
isocyanates. Furthermore, acylated compounds can be obtained
by reaction with anhydrides, ketenes or esters, such as lower
alkyl esters, as is well known to one skilled in the art.
The above-described reagents may be used in approximately
equimolar amounts or in excess, for example, from 2 to 20 mol
with respect to the hydroxyl groups desired to be made latent
in the starting compound of the general formula (I) or (II).
Catalysts customarily used for acylation,
sulfonylation, phosphonylation, silylation or urethanation
reactions may be used in forming the latent stabilizing
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention. For example, acylation and sulfonylation reaction
catalysts such as tertiary or quaternary amines, such as
triethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine or tetrabutylammonium
salts, may be used for forming these latent stabilizing
compounds.
The reaction may be carried out in the presence of
a solvent, such as relatively inert organics, e.g.,
hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, chlorinated
hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform, or
ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dibutyl ether, or without a
solvent. Alternatively, the reagent(s) may be employed as
the solvent. The reaction temperature is usually between
room temperature and about 150°C, for example, up to the
boiling point of the solvent when a solvent is used.
In preferred embodiments, each X is hydrogen.
In preferred embodiments, L is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C1—C24 alkyl or mixtures
thereof; C1—C24 branched alkyl or mixtures thereof; C3—C6
alkenyl; -COR12; -COOR12; -CONHR12; -SO2R13; C1-C18 alkyl which
is substituted with one or more of the groups:
hydroxy, C1—C18 alkoxy, C3—C18 alkenoxy, halogen, phenoxy,
C1—C18 alkyl-substituted phenoxy, C1—C18 alkoxy-substituted
phenoxy, halogen-substituted phenoxy, —COOH, —COOR9,
CONH2, -CONHR9, -CON (R9) (R10) , -NH2, -NHR9, -N(R9)(R10),
-NHCOR11, N(R9)COR11, -NHCOOR11, -N(R9)COOR11, -CN, -OCOR11,
-OC(O)NHR9, -OC(O)N(R9) (R10) , C2-C50 alkyl which is
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or carbonyl
groups and optionally substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of
hydroxy, C1—C12 alkoxy, and glycidyloxy; glycidyl; and
cyclohexyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl or
-OCOR11.
R9 and R10 independently of one another are C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12
alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16 dialkylaminoalkyl, or C5-C12 cycloalkyl, or
R9 and R10 taken together are C3-C9 alkylene or C3-C9
oxoalkylene or C3-C9 azaalkylene.
R11 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, or phenyl.
R12 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, phenyl, C1-C12 alkoxy,
phenoxy, C1-C12 alkylamino; phenylamino, tolylamino or
naphthylamino and R13 is C1-C12 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or
C7-C14 alkylphenyl.
Some of these groups as well as others are decribed
in U.S. 5,106,891, U.S. 5,189,084, U.S. 5,356,995, U.S.
5,637,706, U.S.5,726,309, EP 434,608, EP 704,437, WO
96/28431, and GB 2,293,823 which are incorporated herein by
reference for all purposes as if fully set forth.
L may also be an alkyl of 1-24 carbon atoms
substituted by a hindered amine light atabilizer (HALS) of
the general formula (VI). Triazines containing
tetramethylpiperidine groups are described in U.S. 4,161,592
and U.S. 5,376,710 which are incorporated herein by reference
for all purposes as if fully set forth.

wherein
J is -O-, -NR30-, -T-(CH2)2-NR30- wherein T is -O- or -S-,
and R30 is C1-C12 alkyl or hydrogen;
R31 is hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl;
R32 is hydrogen, oxygen, C1-C21 alkoxyalkyl, C7-C8 aralkyl,
2,3-epoxypropyl, and aliphatic acyl group with 1-4
C atoms or one of the groups — CH2COOR33,
-CH2-CH(R34)-OR35, -COOR36 or -CONHR36, wherein R33 is
C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C8 aralkyl or
cyclohexyl, R34 is a hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, R35
is hydrogen, an aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or
alicyclic acyl group with 1-8 C atoms, wherein the
aromatic part is unsubstituted or is substituted by
chlorine, C1C4 alkyl, C1-C8 alkdxy or by hydroxyl,
and R36 is C1-C12 alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or
benzyl;
R37 is hydrogen, —OH or one of the groups —O—CO—R38 or
-NR36-CO-R38, wherein R38 is C1-C12 alkyl or phenyl;
and
K is —O—(CmmH2mm)— wherein nun is 1 to 6,
Most preferably, each L group is independently
selected from hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or
mixtures thereof; an alkyl of 4 to 20 carbon atoms containing
one or more oxygen atoms in the chain and optionally
substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, or mixtures
thereof.
In preferred embodiments, each R3 and R4 is
independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, a hydrocarbyl
group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyloxy group of 1 to
24 carbon atoms, an acyl group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, an
acyloxy group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms and -OR. More
preferably, each R3 and R4 is independently selected from
hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally
containing an oxygen atom in the chain; an alkyloxy of 1 to
24 carbon atoms ; an alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms (which
may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or
amino group(s) and/or contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or
nitrogen in the chain); an alkenyloxy of 2 to 24 carbon atoms
(which may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl
and/or amino group(s) and/or contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or
nitrogen in the chain); a cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms
(which may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl
and/or amino group(s) and/or contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or
nitrogen in the ring); an acyl group of 2 to 12 carbon
atoms; optionally substituted benzoyl and —OR. Still more
preferably, each R3 and R4 is independently selected from
hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally
containing an oxygen atom in the chain, an alkyloxy of 1 to 8
carbon atoms optionally containing an oxygen atom in the
chain, a hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms group
optionally containing an oxygen atom in the chain, a
hydroxyalkyloxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms group optionally
containing an oxygen atom in the chain, an acyl group of 2 to
12 carbon atoms, an acyloxy of 2 to 12 carbon atoms and -OR.
Especially preferred is when each R3 and R4 is independently
selected from hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and -
OR, and particularly hydrogen and methyl.
In another preferred embodiment, R3 and R4 are
independently methylene or alkylidene substituted by a
benzophenone UV absorber or a benzotriazole UV absorber.
Related triazine Obenzotriazole and triazine-benzophenone
hybrid UV absorbers are disclosed in U.S. 5,585,422 which is
incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully
set forth. In a related preferred embodiment, R3 and R4 are
independently methylene, alkylidene, or benzylidene
substituted by a second UV absorber. Rekated triazine dimers
(and oligomers) are disclosed in U.S. 5,726,309 and EP
704,437 which are incorporated by reference herein for all
purposes as if fully set forth.
In preferred embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is
independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, acyl of 2 to
24 carbon atoms, benzoyl and substituted benzoyl, alkyl
having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon
atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 24 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 7 to
24 carbon atoms.
Further preferred embodiments may include any
combination of the parameters mentioned above.
Methods of Preparation
The novel alkyated para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention can be prepared through the Friedel-Crafts reaction
of an aromatic moiety (XXX) with a halogen-substituted
pyrimidine or triazine compound of Formula (XXXI).
The term "Lewis acid" is intended to include
aluminum halides, alkylaluminum halides, boron halides, tin
halides, titanium halides, lead halides, zinc halides, iron
halides, gallium halides, arsenic halide, copper halides,
cadmium halides, mercury halides, antimony halides, and the
like. Preferred Lewis acids include aluminum trichloride,
aluminum tribromide, trimethylaluminum, boron trifluoride,
boron trichloride, zinc dichloride, titanium tetrachloride,
tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride, or a mixture thereof.
As used herein, the term "step-wise" means a
reaction sequence wherein a series of reactions are
conducted, the first reaction producing compounds of Formula
(XXXII)and being carried out to between about 50% to about
100% completion prior to addition of a compound of Formula
(XXXIII) to produce compounds of Formula (II). Preferably
the reaction is carried out to between about 70% to about
100% completion prior to addition of compound of Formula
(XXXIII), and more preferably to between about 75% to about
100% completion.
The novel alkyated para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention can be prepared through the Friedel-Crafts reaction
of an aromatic moiety (XXX) with a halogen-substituted
pyrimidine or triazine compound of Formula (XXXI). See
Scheme 1.

wherein Hal is bromine, chlorine, or iodine. Compound (XXX)
is defined as a benzene molecule wherein one hydrogen is
substituted with a tertiary alkyl group, and tertiary alkyl
group is as defined above. In compound (XXXI) Hal, is a
halogen, preferably bromine, chlorine, or iodine, and A is as
defined above. In compound (XXXIII) L, X, R3, and R4 are as
defined above. Substitution of either L or X, or both for an
alkyl group or hydroxy blocking group can be conducted before
or after the second step. One of ordinary skill in the art
with little or no experimentation can easily determine the
conditions to substitute either L or X, or both.
The relative amounts of the reactants are as
follows. The amount of compounds of Formula (XXXI) should be
in sufficient amounts to react with aromatic compounds of
Formula (XXX) to produce compounds of Formula (XXXII). The
amount of aromatic compound of Formula (XXX) is important to
ensure that a sufficient amount of aromatic compounds of
Formula (XXXII) is synthesized without excessive amounts of
undesired side products such as trisaryl triazine or trisaryl
pyrimidine. Moreover, excess amounts of aromatic compounds
can lead to undesired product distributions enriched in mono-
and tris-aryl triazines, or mono- and tris-aryl pyrimidines
thus, making product separation and purification difficult
and resource consuming.
The amount of aromatic compounds (XXX) should be in
sufficient amounts to synthesize
2-halo-4,6-bisaryl-1,3,5-triazine or
2-halo-4,6-bisarylpyrimidine. Preferably, there should be
between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents of aromatic
compound of Formula (XXX) to compound of Formula (XXXI). The
amount of aromatic compound of Formula (XXXIII) should be
between about 0.5 to about 2.5 mol equivalents of aromatic
compound of Formula (XXXIII) to compounds of Formula (XXXII).
The amount of Lewis acid, Al(Hal)3 wherein Hal is a
halide as defined above, used in the reaction should be in
sufficient amounts to transform 2,4,6-trihalo-1,3,5-triazine
or 2,4,6-trihalo-pyrimidine to the preferred
2-halo-4,6-bisaryl-1,3,5-triazine or
2-halo-4,6-bisarylpyrimidine, respectively. The amount of
Lewis acid should be between about 0.5 to about 500 mol
equivalents. Preferably, the amount of Lewis acid should be
between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents.
The reaction should run for a sufficient amount of
time, at a sufficient temperature and pressure to synthesize
the desired triazine or pyrimidine compound. The preferred
reaction time for the synthesis of compounds of Formula
(XXXII), i.e., the first step,, is between about 5 minutes and
about 48 hours, more preferred between about 15 minutes and
about 24 hours. The preferred reaction time for the
synthesis of compounds of Formula (II), i.e., the second
step, is between about 10 minutes and about 24 hours, more
preferably time is between about 30 minutes and about 12
hours. The reaction pressure is not critical and can be
about 1 atm or higher if desired. Preferably, the reaction
is carried out under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
One of ordinary skill in the art with little or no
experimentation can determine the optimum temperature to
obtain the desired product.
The step-wise process comprises mixing at least one
Lewis acid, and compounds of Formula (XXXI) with one or more
of the desired aromatic compounds of Formula (XXX),
preferably until the reaction is between about 70% to about
100% completed. Thereafter, the product is isolated and
purified. The aromatic compound of Formula (XXXIII) is added
to the purified product along with Lewis acid to synthesize
the compounds of Formula (II) . The step-wise sequence allows
for the isolation, purification, and storage of compounds of
Formula (XXXII) prior to subsequent reaction with aromatic
compounds of Formula (XXXIII).
To synthesize compounds of Formula (II) the
preferred addition time of the aromatic compound of Formula
(XXXIII) to the reaction mixture is between about 5 minutes
to about 10 hours, more preferred addition time is between
about 10 minutes to about 5 hours, and most preferred
addition time is between about 15 minutes to about 2 hours.
The Lewis acid should be present in amounts
sufficient to react with the number of halogens being
substituted on compounds of Formula (XXXI). A range of
between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents of Lewis acid can
be used. The preferred Lewis acid is aluminum, chloride.
The synthesis of compounds of Formula (III), (IV),
or (V) can be performed by methods commonly known in the art.
One of ordinary skill in the art with little or no
experimentation can determine the appropriate conditions to
obtain the polymer product desired.
Other useful methods of synthesis of substituted
triazines are disclosed in the following sources: U.S. Patent
Nos. 5,106,972, 5,438,138, 5,478,935, WO 96/28431, EP 649841,
EP 648756, EP 577559, Brunetti, H; Luethi, C; Helv. Chemica
Acta, 55 (1972) pp. 1566-1595; Tanimotc, S.; Yamagata, M.
Senryo to Yakahin, 40 (1995) pp 339ff; EP 779,280A1; and
Japanese Patent Kokai Tokkyo Koho 9,059,263.
Uses of the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines
As indicated earlier, the novel para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention are particularly useful as ultraviolet light
absorber agents for stabilizing a wide variety of materials
including, for example, various polymers (both crosslinked
and thermoplastic), photographic materials and dye solutions
for textile materials, as well as in ultraviolet light
screening agents (such as sunscreens). The novel para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
of the present invention can be incorporated into such
material in any one of a variety of conventional manners,
including for example, physical mixing or blending,
optionally, with chemical bonding to the material (typically
to a polymer), as a component in a light stabilizing
composition such as a coating or solution, or as a component
in a UV screening composition such as a sunscreen
composition.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and
triazines of the present invention can be employed to
stabilize materials which are subject to degradation by
ultraviolet radiation by incorporating the presently claimed
compounds into polymeric materials, either chemically or
> physically. Non-limiting examples of polymeric materials
that may be so stabilized are polyolefins, polyesters,
polyethers, polyketones, polyamides, natural and synthetic
rubbers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, high-impact
polystyrenes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacetals,
polyacrylonitriles, polybutadienes, polystyrenes, ABS, SAN
(styrene acrylonitrile), ASA (acrylate styrene
acrylonitrile), cellulosic acetate butyrate, cellulosic
polymers, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides,
polyphenylsulfides, PPO, polysulfones, polyethersulfones,
polyvinylchlorides, polycarbonates, polyketones, aliphatic
polyketones, thermoplastic TPU's, aminoresin crosslinked
polyacrylates and polyesters, polyisocyanate crosslinked
polyesters and polyacrylates, phenol/formaldehyde,
urea/formaldehyde and melamine/formaldehyde resins, drying
and non-drying alkyd resins, alkyd resins, polyester resins,
acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea
resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, carbamates, and epoxy
resins, cross-linked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds,
which are cross-linked with anhydrides or amines,
polysiloxanes, Michael addition polymers, amines, blocked
amines with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds,
ketimines with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds,
polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic
polyacetoacetate resins, polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic resins, radiation curable compositions,
epoxymelamine resins, organic dyes, cosmetic products,
cellulose-based paper formulations, photographic film paper,
ink, and blends thereof.
Further non-limiting examples of specific polymers
which may be stabilized include:
1. Homo- and copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins
including but not limited to ethylene, propylene,
isobutylene, butene, methylpentene, hexene, heptene,
octene, isoprene, butadiene, hexadiene,
dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene and cycloolefins such as
cyclopentene and norbornene; for example, polyethylenes
(which optionally can be crosslinked) such as high
density polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high
molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW) , high density
and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW),
medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density
polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene
(LLDPE) and branched low density polyethylene (BLDPE).
2. Copolymers of one or more monoolefins and/or diolefins
with carbon monoxide and/or with other vinyl monomers,
including limited acrylic and methacrylic acid,
acrylates and methacrylates, acrylamides,
acrylonitriles, styrenes, vinyl acetate (such as
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers), vinyl halides,
vinylidene halides, maleic anhydride and allyl monomers
such as allyl alcohol, allyl amine ally glycidyl ether
and derivatives thereof.
3. Hydrocarbon resins (such as C5-C9) including hydrogenated
modifications thereof and mixtures of polyalkylenes and
starch.
4. Homo- and copolymers of styrenes such as styrene, p-
methylstyrene and a—methylstyrene.
5. Copolymers of one or more styrenes with other vinyl
monomers such as olefins and diolefins (e.g., ethylene,
isoprene and/or butadiene), acrylic and methacrylic
acid, acrylates and methacrylates, acrylamides,
acrylonitriles, vinyl acetate (such as ethylene/vinyl
acetate copolymers), vinyl halides, vinylidene halides,
maleic anhydride and allyl compounds such as allyl
alcohol, allyl amine allyl glycidyl ether and
derivatives thereof.
6. Graft copolymers of styrenes on polybutadienes,
polybutadiene/styrene copolymers and
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers; styrene (or
a—methylstyrene) and acrylonitrile (or
methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic
anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and
maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene
and acrylonitrile on ethylene/prop>ylene/diene
copolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl
acrylates or methacrylates; and styrene and
acrylonitrile on acrylate/butadiene copolymers.
7. Halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene;
chlorinated rubbers; chlorinated and brominated
isobutylene/isoprene copolymers; chlorinated or
sulfochlorinated polyethylene; copolymers of ethylene
and chlorinated ethylene; epichlorohydrin polymers and
copolymers; and polymers and copolymers of halogen-
containing vinyl compounds such as vinyl chloride,
vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride and/or vinylidene
fluoride and other vinyL monomers.
8. Homo- and copolymers derived from a,ß—unsaturated acids
and derivatives thereof such as acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides
and acrylonitriles.
9. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned in (8) with other
unsaturated monomers such as olefins and diolefins
(e.g., butadiene), styrenes, vinyl halides, maleic
anhydride and allyl monomer such as allyl alcohol, allyl
amine, allyl glycidyl ether and derivatives thereof.
10. Homo- and copolymers derived from unsaturated alcohols
and amines or the acyl derivatives or acetals thereof,
such as vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate,
vinyl benzoate, vinyl maleate, vinyl butyral, allyl
alcohol, allyl amine, allyl glycidyl ether, allyl
phthalate and allyl melamine; as well as copolymers of
such monomers with other ethylenically unsaturated
monomers mentioned above.
For the preceding groups 1-10 of polymers, the present
invention further encompasses these polymers as prepared by
metallocene catalysts.
11. Homo- and copolymers of cyclic ethers such as alkylene
glycols and alkylene oxides, as well as copolymers with
bisglycidyl ethers.
12. Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and those
polyoxymethylenes which contain ethylene oxide as a
comonomer; and polyoxymethylenes modified with
thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates and/or MBS.
13. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides.
14. Polyurethanes derived from hydroxy-functional components
such as polyhydric alcohols, polyethers, polyesters,
polyacrylics and/or polybutadienes on the one hand, and
aliphatic and/or aromatic isocyanates on the other, as
well as precursors thereof.
15. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines,
dicarboxylic acids and/or aminocarboxylic acids or the
corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6,
polyamide 6/6, polyamide 6/10, polyamide 6/9, polyamide
6/12, polyamide 4/6, polyamide 12/12, polyamide 11 and
polyamide 12; aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene
diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from
hexamethylene diamine and isophthalic and/or
terephthalic acid and with or without an elastomer as a
modifier, for example, poly—2,4,4—trimethylhexamethylene
terephthalamide or poly—m—phenylene isophthalamide;
block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with
polyolefins, olefin copolymer, ionomers, chemically
bonded or grafted elastomers, or polyethers such as
polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or
polytetramethylene glycol; and polyamides condensed
during processing (RIM polyamide systems),
16. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide—imides,
polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and
polybenzimidazoles.
17. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids, diols and/or
hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones,
such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate, poly—1,4—dimethylcyclohexane
terephthalate and polyhydroxybenzoates, as well as block
copolyether esters derived from hydroxyl-terminated
ethers; PETG; PEN; PTT; and also polyesters modified
with polycarbonate or MBS.
18. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates.
19. Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.
20. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes condensation
resins such as phenol/formaldehyde resins,
urea/formaldehyde resins and melamine/formaldehyde
resins.
21. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.
22. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters
of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with
polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking
agents and also halogen-containing modifications
thereof.
23. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted
acrylates such as epoxy acrylates, hydroxy acrylates,
isocyanato acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester
acrylates.
24. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins
crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins,
isocyanates, isocyanurat.es, carbamates or epoxy resins.
25. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and/or aromatic glycidyl
compounds such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F, which are
crosslinked with hardeners such as anhydrides or amines.
26. Natural polymers such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and
chemically modified homologous derivatives thereof,
including cellulose acetates, cellulose propionates and
cellulose butyrates, or the cellulose ethers such as
methyl cellulose, as well as rosins and their
derivatives.
27. Polysiloxanes.
28. Michael addition polymers of amines or blocked amines
(e.g., ketimines) with activated unsaturated and/or
methylene compounds such as acrylates and methacrylates,
maleates and acetoacetates.
29. Mixtures or blends of any of the above, such as PP/EPDM,
polyamide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS,
PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylate,
POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic polyurethane,
POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA6.6 and
copolymers, PATENT/HDPE, PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE, LDPE/HDPE,
LDPE/EVA, LDPE/EAA, PATENT/PP, PATENT/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS,
PBT/PET/PC and the like.
30. Polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic
polyacetoacetate resins or with unsaturated acrylic
resins including urethane acrylates, polyether
acrylates, vinyl or acryl copolymers with pendant
unsaturated groups and acrylated melamines.
31. Radiation curable compositions containing ethylenically
unsaturated monomers or oligomers and a polyunsaturated
aliphatic oligomer.
32. Epoxymelamine resins such as light-stable epoxy resins
cross-linked by an epoxy functional coetherified high
solids melamine resin.
Other materials which can be stabilized include, for example:
33. Naturally occurring and synthetic organic materials
which may be mixtures of compounds, including mineral
oils, animal and vegetable fats, oils and waxes, or
oils, fats or waxes based on synthetic esters (e.g.,
phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates) and
also mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in
any ratio.
34. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber such as
natural latex or lattices of carboxylated
styrene/butadiene copolymers.
35. Organic dyes such as azo dyes (diazo, triazo and
polyazo), anthraquinones, benzodifuranones, polycyclic
aromatic carbonyl dyes, indigoid dyes, polymethines,
styryl dyes, di- and triaryl carbonium dyes,
phthalocyanines, quinophthalones, sulfur dyes, nitro and
nitroso dyes, stilbene dyes, formazan dyes,
quinacridones, carbazoles and perylene tetracarboxylic
diimides.
36. Cosmetic products, such as skin lotions, collagen
creams, sunscreen, facial make-up, etc., comprising
synthetic materials such as antioxidants, preservatives,
lipids, solvents, surfactants, colorants,
antiperspirants, skin conditioners, moisturizers etc.;
as well as natural products such as collagen, proteins,
mink oil, olive oil, coconut oil, carnauba wax, beeswax,
lanolin, cocoa butter, xanthan gum,, aloe, etc.
37. Cellulose-based paper formulations for use, e.g., in
newsprint, cardboard, posters, packaging, labels,
stationery, book and magazine paper, bond typing paper,
multi-purpose and office paper, computer paper,
xerographic paper, laser and ink-jet printer paper,
offset paper, currency paper, etc.
38. Photographic film paper.,
39. Ink.
ALIPHATIC POLYAMIDE
The novel alkyated para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention can also be used with aliphatic polyamide polymers.
An "Aliphatic polyamide" is a polyamide characterized by the
presence of recurring carbonamide groups as an integral part
of the polymer chain which are separated from one another by
at least two aliphatic carbon atoms. Illustrative of these
polyamides are those having recurring monomeric units
represented by the general formula:

or a combination hereof in which R and R1 are the same or
different and are alkylene groups of at least about two
carbon atoms, preferably alkylene having from about 2 to
about 12 carbon atoms. Exemplary of such polyamides are
polyamides formed by the reaction of diamines and diacids
such as poly (tetramethylene adipamide) (nylon 4,6);
poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 6,6); poly
(hexamethylene azelamide) (nylon 6,9); poly(hexamethylene
sebacamide) (nylon 6,10); poly(heptamethylene pimelamide)
(nylon 8,8); poly(nonamethylene azelamide) (nylon 9,9);
poly(decamethylene azelamide) (nylon 10,9); and the like.
Also illustrative of useful aliphatic polyamides are those
formed by polymerization of amino acids and derivatives
thereof, as for example lactams. Illustrative of these useful
polyamides are poly(4-aminobutyric acid) (nylon 4); poly(6-
aminohexanoic acid) (nylon 6); poly(7-aminoheptanoic acid)
(nylon 7); poly(8-aminoocatanoic acid) (nylon 8);
poly(9aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9); poly(10-aminodecanoic
acid) (nylon 10); poly(11-aminoundecanoic acid) (nylon 11);
poly(12-aminododecanoic acid) (nylon 12); and the like.
Blends of two or more aliphatic polyamides may also be
employed.
Copolymers formed from any combination of the
recurring units of the above referenced aliphatic polyamides
can be used. By way of illustration and not limitation, such
aliphatic polyamide copolymers include
caprolactam/hexamethylene adipamide copolymer (nylon 6/6,6);
hexamethylene adipamide/caprolactam copolymer (nylon 6, 6/6);
hexamethylene adipamide/hexamethylene-azelamide copolymer
(nylon 6,6/6,9); and copolymers formed from recurring units
of the above referenced aliphatic polyamides with
aliphatic/aromatic polyamide recurring units may also be
used- Examples of such copolyamides are nylon 6/6T; nylon
6,6/6, T; nylon 6/10T; nylon 6/12T; nylon 6,10/6,T etc.
Preferred aliphatic polyamides for use in the
practice of this invention are poly(caprolactam); poly(7-
aminoheptanic acid); poly(tetramethylene adipamide);
poly(hexamethylene adipamide); and mixtures thereof. The
particularly preferred aliphatic polyamides are
poly(caprolatam); poly(hexamethylene adipamide);
poly(tetramethylene adipamide); and mixtures thereof.
Aliphatic polyamides useful in the practice of this
invention may be obtained from commercial sources or prepared
in accordance with known preparatory techniques. For example,
polycaprolactam may be obtained from Allied Signal Inc. and
poly(hexamethylene adipamide) may be obtained from DuPont Co.
The number average molecular weight of the
aliphatic polyamide may vary widely. Usually, the aliphatic:
polyamide is of film forming molecular weight that is
sufficiently high to form a free standing film and
sufficiently low to allow melt processing of the blend into a
film. Such number average molecular weights are well known
to those of skill in the film art and are usually at least
about 5,000 as determined by the formic acid viscosity
method. In this method, a solution of 9.2 wt. Concentration
of aliphatic polyamide in 90% formic acid at 25°C is used.
In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the number
average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamide is from
about 5,000 to about 1,000,000 and in the particularly
preferred embodiments is from about 10,000 to about 100,000.
Amongst the particularly preferred embodiments, most
preferred are those in which the molecular weight of the
aliphatic polyamide is from about 20,000 to about 40,000.
POLYURETHANE
Polyurethane (PUR) elastomer products ("spandex")
can be stabilized against discoloration and loss of
elasticity during UV light exposure with combinations of UV
absorbers according to the invention and hindered amine light
stabilizers. Spandex fibers is a PUR elastomer product,
which requires very specific UV absorber and hindered amine
light stabilizers properties in order to achieve optimum
performance. UV absorbers of the triazine class of this
invention can be combined with polymeric hindered amine light
stabilizers (HALS) to provide outstanding performance in
achieving the desired properties for the Spandex fiber
applications.
The triazine UV absorber of the invention, used
alone or in combination with HALS provides the following
properties in the Spandex fiber application: (1) low color
contribution at typical use levels in the 0.5-2.0% range; (2)
sufficient MW, thermal stability and low volatility for fiber
processing and thermal exposure conditions; (3) high
compatibility and permanence; (4) prevent discoloration and
loss of elasticity during exposure to UV light energy; (5)
low extraction by water and dry cleaning solvents; (6) low
color development during exposure to atmospheric pollutants,
NOX, SOX, hydrocarbons, etc.; (7) low interaction with sea
water and pool chemicals; (8) low interaction and color
development with typical phenolic antioxidants used for the
thermal stabilization of Spandex fibers; and (9) low
interaction with copper based antioxidant systems used in
Nylon fibers for Nylon/Spandex fabrics.
The triazine UV absorber with or without the
polymeric HALS provides outstanding stabilization with
minimum negative effect on secondary performance properties,
such as low color development, during NOX exposure and low
interaction with copper based antioxidant systems using in
Nylon fibers.
As noted above, any of the triazine compounds
disclosed herein can be used to impart one or more of the
properties described above to Spandex fibers when added
thereto in a stabilization effective amount.
Preferably, these triazine compounds are added in
combination with polymeric HALS. The polymeric HALS is
preferably poly[(6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-
diyl)[2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]-hexamethylene
t(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]]. Most preferably,
the polymeric HALS is the methylated (M) version of the above
HALS, which is sold by Cytec Industries, Inc. as CYASORB®UV-
3529 light stabilizer. Other polymeric HALS disclosed in US
Patent 4,331,586 are also suitable.
Spandex fibers are made from a polyurethane (PUR)
prepolymer prepared from a diisocyanate and a glycol. There
are four basic processes used to convert the PUR prepolymer
into the fiber product. These processes are Solution Dry
Spinning, Solution Wet Spinning, Melt Extrusion, and Reaction
Spinning. The above UV stabilizer alone or in combination
with HALS would be suitable for use in any or all four
processes.
Spandex fibers may contain a processing antioxidant
system, such as a phenolic antioxidant, or a
phenolic/phosphite antioxidant combination. In addition,
pigments, such as TiO2 are commonly used in the fiber
products.
The triazine UV absorber alone or with M-HALS can
be dissolved into DMF or DMAC and added to the PUR prepolymer
solution prior to solution fiber spinning processes. Also,
the combination can be extrusion compounded into the PUR
compound used in the melt spinning process.
POLYCARBONATES
Among polymeric compounds, preference is given to
the polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals,
polyphenylene oxides and polyphenylene sulfides, but
especially to the polycarbonates. Those compounds are to be
understood as being especially those polymers the
constitutional repeating unit of which corresponds to the
formula:

wherein A is a divalent phenolic radical. Examples of A are
given inter alia in U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,863 and
DE-A-3 922,496. A can be derived, for example, from
hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxybiphenylene or bisphenols
in the broadest sense of the term, such as
bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, cycloalkanes, sulfides, ethers,
ketones, sulfones, sulfoxides, a,a'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-
diisopropylbenzenes, for example the compounds 2,2-bis(4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-
propane, 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1-
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, or from the compounds of the
formulae:


In one embodiment, the preferred resins are
polycarbonates based on dihydric phenols such as 2,2-bis-(4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A); 2,4-bis (4-
hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane; 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
cyclohexane; 2,2-bis-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 4,4'-
sulfonyldiphenol; and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-
trimethy1cyclohexane.
Also preferred are polycarbonate copolymers
incorporating two or more phenols, branched polycarbonates
wherein a polyfunctional aromatic compounds is reacted with
the dihydric phenol(s) and carbonate precursor, and polymer
blends of which polycarbonate comprises a significant portion
of the blend.
The most preferred resins for both layers are
polycarbonates based on bisphenol A.
U.S. Patent No. 5,288,788 also describes
polycarbonates and polyester carbonates, especially aromatic
polycarbonates, for example those based on 2,2-bis(4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane or 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane.
British Patent Appn. No. 2,290,745 describes a
number of methods have been developed to concentrate UV
absorbers near or at the surface of polymeric materials.
These include surface impregnation (see U.S. Patent Nos.
3,309,220, 3,043,709, 4,481,664 and 4,937,026) and coating a
plastic article with solutions containing thermoplastic
resins and UV absorbers (see U.S. Patent Nos. 4,668,588 and
4,353,965). Both techniques suffer from drawbacks including
requiring additional processing steps (i.e. applying, drying
or curing), and encounter difficulties associated with the
handling of large processed articles. An additional
drawback, particularly relevant to polycarbonate sheet
production, is the detrimental effect such post addition
treatment would have on the surface of the polymeric
substrate.
As described in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,872,
application of surface layers via coextrusion takes place in
a known manner in known coextrusion equipment as taught in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,487,505 and 3,557,265. Coextrusion is a
well recognized method of producing laminated thermoplastic
materials by simultaneously extruding various numbers of
layers which form a single composite material. U.S. Patent
No. 4,540,623 describes coextruded materials of at least
forty layers. Other methods produce as few as two or three
different layers.
In one embodiment, the invention also relates to
thermoplastic articles coated with a thermoplastic layer 0.1
to 10 mil (0.00254 mm to 0.254 mm), preferable 0.1 to 5 mil
(0.00254 mm to 0.127 mm), thick, in which said layer contains
0.1% to 20% by weight of the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present
invention. Preferred concentrations of are 2% to 15% by
weight; most preferred concentrations of 5% to 10% by weight.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention may be
incorporated into the thermoplastics of the surfaces layer by
standard methods such as dry mixing the additives with
granular resin prior to extruding.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazine layer may be applied to one or both
sides of the thermoplastic article.
Laminated thermoplastic articles which contain
additional layers such as a water resistant layer as found in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,322 are also part of the present
invention.
The core layer and the coating layer may be of the
same thermoplastic resin or different thermoplastic
polyesters, polyester carbonates, polyphenylene oxide,
polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polypropylene,
polyethylene, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and copolymers
and blends such as styrene and acrylonitrile on polybutadiene
and styrene with maleic anhydride.
Mixtures (polyblends) of such polymers with one
another or with other polymers, for example with polyolefins,
polyacrylates, polydienes or other elastomers in the form of
impact strength modifiers.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention can also
be chemically bonded to substrates, such as polymers, thereby
greatly reducing the migration of such UV absorbers, e.g.,
out of the substrate or away from the substrate surface. The
bonding mechanism of the triazines of the present invention
involves the formation of a bond (chemical and/or co-valent)
between a functionality attached to the amido or carbamate
group, e.g., by a pendant vinyl or hydroxyl group, and the
"host" substrate, such as a polymer.
Incorporation of the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the invention can be
brought about by copolymerization, copolyaddition,
copolycondensation, by reaction with a polymer which carries
suitable functional groups, or by grafting, in a manner as
disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 3,423,360 and
5,189,084 which are incorporated herein by reference as if
fully set forth.
Bonding of the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the invention can
occur by polymerization or copolymerization. In the case of
the novel triazines of the present invention comprising
pendant vinyl groups, polymerization or copolymerization with
at least one vinyl monomer, e.g., (meth)acrylic acid, esters
of (meth)acrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, amides of
(meth)acrylic acid, hydroxyethylacrylate, olefins, vinyl
chloride, styrene, butadiene, isoprene and acrylonitrile can
be carried out to form homopolymers or copolymers in which
the vinyl group is incorporated into the backbone of the
1 polymer. Polymerization or copolymerization can be initiated
by initiators, such as free radical, anionic and cationic
types, or by actinic radiation, such as UV, electron beam, x-
rays and gamma irradiation from a Co60 source, as is well
known to those in the polymerization art. Polymerization or
' copolymerization can be carried out in solution, in an
emulsion, in a dispersion, in the melt, or in the solid state
as is well known to those in the polymerization art.
Also, bonding of the presently claimed para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
compounds of the present invention can be brought about by
copolyaddition or copolycondensation. Such incorporation can
be made by addition during the synthesis of an addition
polymer or copolymer or by condensation during the synthesis
of a condensation polymer or copolymer by methods known to
those skilled in the art. For example, compounds of the
formulas (I) - (V) containing the appropriate functional
groups can be incorporated into polyesters, polyamides,
polyurethanes, epoxy resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins,
phenolic resins, polyurethanes, polycarbonates,
polysiloxanes, polyacetals and polyanhydrides, to name but a
few.
In addition, compounds of the formulas (I) - (V)
can be bonded to a monomeric component which is then
incorporated into a polymer or copolymer, e.g., by the free
radical initiated addition or copolycondensation methods
described above. Analogous methods are disclosed in, for
example, United States Patent No. 5,459,222 (incorporated by
reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth) for
the bonding of benzotriazole and benzophenone stabilizers to
diol precursors which are then incorporated by condensation
polymerization into polyurethanes and polyesters to impart UV
stabilizing properties to said polymers.
Alternately, the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the invention may
also be bonded to polymers by reaction with an oligomer
and/or polymer which carries suitable functional groups. Fcr
example, at least one triazine compound comprising a vinyl
pendant group can be added, optionally with at least one
other vinyl monomer or compound comprising a vinyl group, to
unsaturated polyester resins, unsaturated polybutadiene
oligomers or unsaturated rubbers and then cured by actinic
radiation or by a free radical catalyst. Or, at least one
triazine compound comprising a terminal functional group,
such as hydroxyl or amido, may be reacted with a polymer
and/or oligomer such as polyesters, polyurethanes and
polydiols with reactive end-groups, partially hydrolyzed
polyvinylacetate, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes and polymers
comprising maleic anhydride, either in the main chain or as a
side-chain, by methods analogous to those well known to those
of ordinary skill in the art.
Grafting is yet another way of bonding of the
presently claimed para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines to polymers and/or oligomers.
Grafting may be carried out. in solution, in the melt, or in
the solid state with the initiators or actinic radiation
types discussed above for polymerization when, for example,
the novel triazines of the present invention comprising
pendant vinyl groups are used. Such para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines may be grafted
to saturated polymers, e.g., polyolefins and their copolymers
such as polyethylene, polypropylene and poly(ethylene—vinyl
acetate), or to polymers comprising unsaturated moieties,
e.g., polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene-(diene
monomer) terpolymers and polystyrene and its copolymers.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention may be
used in widely varying amounts in such applications depending
upon such things as the material to be stabilized and the
particular application. However, when employed as a
stabilizing additive for materials such as organic polymers,
the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and
triazines of the present invention are typically employed in
amounts from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight, preferably
from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, and most preferably
from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of
the material to be stabilized. In screening applications
such as sunscreening compositions, the triazines are utilized
in the same relative amounts but based on the total weight of
the screening agent.
The novel stabilizers of the present invention may
also be employed in a non-bondable capacity, for example, in
the stabilization of thermoplastic polymers as set forth in
the many of the previously incorporated references. Examples
of preferred thermoplastic polymers are polyolefins and
polymers comprising heteroatoms in the main chain. Preferred
polymers are also thermoplastic polymers comprising nitrogen,
oxygen and/or sulphur, especially nitrogen or oxygen, in the
main chain. Also of interest are compositions in which the
polymer is a polyolefin, for example polyethylene or
polypropylene.
Incorporation into the thermoplastic polymers can
be carried out by addition of the novel para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted triazine or pyrimidine compound and any
further additives by the methods conventional in the art.
The incorporation can expediently be made before or during
shaping, for example by mixing the pulverulent components or
by adding the stabilizer to the melt or solution of the
polymer, or by applying the dissolved or dispersed compounds
to the polymer, with or without subsequent evaporation of the
solvent. Elastomers can also be stabilized as lattices.
The novel mixtures can also be added to the
polymers to be stabilized in the form of a masterbatch which
comprises these compounds, for example, in a concentration of
from about 2.5 to about 25%, preferably from about 5 to about
20% by weight of the polymer.
The novel mixtures can expediently be incorporated
into the polymeric material by any number of methods,
including those conventionally employed in the art, including
by, for example: a) as an emulsion or dispersion (for
example to lattices or emulsion polymers); (b) as a dry mix
during mixing of additional components or polymer mixtures;
(c) by direct addition to the processing equipment (for
example extruders, internal mixers, etc.); or (d) as a
solution or melt.
The stabilized polymer compositions obtained in
this way can be converted into shaped articles, for example
fibers, films, tapes, sheets, sandwich boards, containers,
pipes and other profiles, by any number of conventional
methods, for example hot pressing, spinning, extrusion, roto-
molding or injection molding. Therefore, the present
invention additionally relates to the use of the polymer
composition according to the invention for the production of
a shaped article.
Depending upon their ultimate end use, the para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
of the present invention may be combined with a variety of
additives conventionally employed in the UV stabilizing art.
Examples of such additives include but are not limited to:
a. Antioxidants
(i) Alkylated monophenols such as 2,6—di—tert—butyl-4-
methylphenol; 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol; 2,6-di-
tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-
butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol; 2,6-
dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol; 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-
4,6-dimethylphenol; 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol;
2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-
methoxymethylphenol; nonylphenols which are liner or
branched in the side chains such as 2,6-di-nonyl-4-
methylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methylundec-1-yl)phenol;
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methylheptadec-1-yl)phenol; 2,4-
dimethyl-6-(1-methyltridec-1-yl)phenol; and mixtures
thereof.
(ii) Alkylthiomethylphenols such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-
tert-butylphenol; 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol;
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol; and 2,6-di-
dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
(iii) Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones such as
2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol; 2, 5-di-tert-
butylhydroquinone; 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone; 2,6-
diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol; 2,6-di-tert-
butylhydroquinone; 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole;
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl stearate; and bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)adipate.
(iv) Tocopherols such as a-tocopherol, ß-tocopherol, ?-
tocopherol, 6-tocopherol, and mixtures thereof (vitamin
E) .
(v) Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-
tert-butyl-4-methylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol);
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol); 4,4'-
thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-
di-sec-amylphenol); and 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)disulfide.
(vi) Alkylidenebisphenols such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-
butyl-4-methylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-
ethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-
methylcyclohexyl)phenol]; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-
cyclohexylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-
methylphenol) ; 2,2' -methylenebis (4,6-di-tert-
butylphenol) ; 2,2'-ethylidenebis (4,6-di-tert-
butylphenol); 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-
isobutylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-
nonylphenol]; 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-
4-nonylphenol]; 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-
butylphenol); 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-
methylphenol); 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-
methylphenyl)butane; 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-
hydroxylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol; 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-
4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane; 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane;
ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-
hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-
methylphenyDdicyclopentadiene; bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-
hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-
methylphenyl]terephthalate; 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-
hydroxyphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-
methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane; and 1,1,5,5-
tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.
(vii) O-, - and S-benzyl compounds such as 3,5,3',5'-
tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether;
octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate;
tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-
butylbenzylmercaptoacetate; tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)amine; bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-
dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate; bis(3,5-di-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide; and isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
(viii) Hydroxybenzylate malonates such as dioctadecyl-2,2-
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate;
dioctadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-
methylbenzyl)malonate; didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate; and
bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-
tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.
(ix) Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-
di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene;
1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-
tetramethylbenzene; and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
(x) Triazine compounds such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto-6-(3,5-
di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino;-1,3,5-triazine; 2-
octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-octylmercapto-4,6-
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine;
2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-
triazine; 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate; 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-
hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate; 2,4,6-tris(3,5-
di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
1, 3, 5-tris(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-
hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine; and 1,3,5-tris(3,5-
dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.
(xi) Benzylphosphonates such as dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzylphosphonate; diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzylphosphonate; dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-
4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate; dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate; and the calcium salt
of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
(xii) Acylaminophenols such as 4-hydroxylauranilide; 4-
hydroxystearanilide; and octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl) carbamate.
(xiii) Esters of ß- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric
alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-
octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol,
thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene
glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)
isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-
thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-
trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xiv) Esters of ß-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-
methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric
alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-
octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol,
thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene
glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)
isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-
thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-
trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xv) Esters of 3-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic
acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol,
ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-
nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl
glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl}
isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)-oxamide, 3-
thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-
trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xvi) Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic
acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol,
ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-
nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl
glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, pentaerythritoi, tris(hydroxyethyl)
isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-
thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-
trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xvii) Amides of ß-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as N,N'-bis (3,5-di-
tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine; N,N'-
bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine; and N,N'-
bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine.
(xviii) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).
(xix) Aminic antioxidants such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine;
N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N, N' -
bis(l-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N, N' -
bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N,N' -
dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-diphenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-
phenylenediamine; N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; 4-(p-toluenesulfonamoyl)diphenylamine;
N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine;
diphenylamine; allyldiphenylamine; 4-
isopropoxydiphenylamine; -phenyl-1-naphthylamine; N-(4™
tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine; N-phenyl-2-
naphthylamine; octylated diphenylamine such as p,p'-di-
tert-octyldiphenylamine; 4-n-butylaminophenol; 4-
butyrylaminophenol; 4-nonanoylaminophenol; 4-
dodecanoylaminophenol; 4-octadecanoylaminophenol; bis(4-
methoxyphenyl)amine; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-
dimethylaminomethylphenol; 2,4'-diaminophenylmethane;
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane; N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-
diaminodiphenylmethane; 1,2-bis[(2-
methylphenyl)amino]ethane; 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane;
(o-tolyl)biguanide; bis[4-(I1,3'-
dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine; tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-
naphthylamine; a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-
butyl/tert-octyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines; a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines; a mixture of mono-
and dialkylated isopropyl/isohexyldiphenylamines, a
mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-
butyldiphenylamines; 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-
benzothiazine; phenothiazine; a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyl phenothiazines; a
mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-
octylphenothiazines; N-allylphenothiazine; N,N,N',N'-
tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene; N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine;
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)sebacate; 2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-one; and 2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol.
b. UV-absorbers and light stabilizers
(i) 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles such as 2-(2'-
hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole; 2-(3',5'-di-
tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole; 2- (5'-tert-
butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-
(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole; 2-
(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-
chlorobenzotriazole; 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-
methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole; 2-(3'-sec-butyl-
5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole; 2- (2'-
hydroxy-4'-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(3',5'-di-tert-
amyl-2'-hydroxphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(3',5'-bis(a,a-
dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole; a
mixture of 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-
octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-
(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-
2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-
butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-
chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-
methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-
butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-
octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-
butyl-5 '-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-
hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-
5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-
hydroxy-5'-(2-
isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole; 2,2-
methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-
benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification
product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-
2'-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol
300; and [R-CH2CH-COO(CH2)3]2 B where R = 3'-tert-butyl-
4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl.
(ii) 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-
methoxy, 4-octoxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-
benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-
dimethoxy derivative.
(iii) Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic
acids such as 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate; phenyl
salicylate; octylphenyl salicylate; dibenzoyl
resorcinol; bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl) resorcinol; benzoyl
resorcinol; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzoate; hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzoate; octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzoate; and 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
(iv) Acrylates such as ethyl a-cyano-ß, ß-diphenylacrylate;
isooctyl a-cyano-ß,ß-diphenylacrylate; methyl a-
carbomethoxycinnamate; methyl a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-
methoxycinnamate; butyl a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-
methoxycinnamate; methyl a-carbomethoxy-p-
methoxycinnamate; and N-(ß-carbomethoxy-ß-cyanovinyl)-2-
methylindoline.
(v) Nickel compounds such as nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-
bis-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], including the
1:1 or 1:2 complex, with or without additional ligands
such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-
cyclohexyldiethanolamine; nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate;
nickel salts of monoalkyl esters including the methyl or
ethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-
butylbenzylphosphonic acid; nickel complexes of
ketoximes including 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl undecyl
ketoxime; and nickel complexes of l-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-
hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.
(vi) Sterically hindered amines as well as the N derivatives
thereof (e.g., N-alkyl, N-hydroxy, N-alkoxy and N-acyl),
such as bis(2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate;
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate;
bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate; bis (1-
octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate;
bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl 3,5-di-
tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate; the condensate of 1-
(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine
and succinic acid; the condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-
tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;
tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethy!piperidin-4-yl)
nitrilotriacetate; tetrakis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1,2,3,4-
butanetetracarboxylate; 1,1'-(1,2-
ethanediyl)bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone); 4-
benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; 4-stearyloxy-
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; bis(1,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-
tert-butylbenzyl)malonate; 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-
tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione;
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate;
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate;
the condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-
4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-
1,3,5-triazine; the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-
butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine
and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane; the condensate of
2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-l,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis-(3-
aminopropylamino)ethane; 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-
tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione; 3-
dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-
2,5-dione; 3-dodecyl-1-(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione; 3-
dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-
yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy-
and 4-stearyloxy-2, 2, 6,, 6-tetramethylpiperidine; the
condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-
yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-
dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; the condensate of 1,2-bis(3-
aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine
and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg.
No. [136504-96-6]); 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-
3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane; oxo-piperanzinyl-
triazines or so-called PIP-T HALS, e.g., GOODRITE® 3034,
3150 and 3159 and similar materials disclosed in
US5071981; photobondable HALS such as SANDUVOR® PR-31
and PR-32 (Clariant Corp.) and similar materials
disclosed in GB-A-2269819; and the reaction product of
7,7,9, 9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-
oxospiro[4.5]decane and epichlorohydrin. See also
generally US4619956, US5106891, GB-A-2269819, EP-A-
0309400, EP-A-0309401, EP-A-0309402 and EP-A-0434608.
(vii) Oxamides such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide; 2,2'-
diethoxyoxanilide; 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-
butoxanilide; 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-
butyloxanilide; 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide; N,N'-bis(3-
dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide; 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-
ethyloxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-
5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide; and mixtures of o- and p-
methoxy disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and
p-ethoxy disubstituted oxanilides.
(viii) 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines disclosed in
the previously incorporated references, such as 2,4,6-
tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-
hydroxy-4-n-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-(mixed iso-
octyloxyphenyl)-4, 6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine; 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-
propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-
bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine; 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-
butyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine; 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-
octyloxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine; 2-[4-dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-
hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-
hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine; 2- (2-
hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine;
2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-
hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine; and 2-(2-
hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-
triazine.
(c) Metal deactivators such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide; N-
salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazine; N,N'-
bis (salicyloyl)hydrazine; N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine; 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-
triazole; bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide; oxanilide;
isophthaloyl dihydrazide; sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide; N,N'-
diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide; N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl
dihydrazide; and N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl
dihydrazide.
(d) Phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenyl
phosphite; diphenyl alkyl phosphites; phenyl dialkyl
phosphites; tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite; trilauryl phosphite;
trioctadecyl phosphite; distearyl pentaerythritol
diphosphite; tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite;
diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,4,-di-tert-
butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,6-di-tert-
butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite;
bis(isodecyloxy)pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,4-di-tert-
butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,4,6-
tris(tert-butyl)phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite;
tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite; tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-
butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite; 6-isooctyloxy-
2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-l,3,2-
dioxaphosphocin; 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-
methyl-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin; bis(2,4-di-tert-
butyl-6-methylphenyl)methylphosphite; and bis(2,4-di-tert-
butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethylphosphite.
(e) Hydroxylamines such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine; N,N-
diethylhydroxylamine; N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine; N,N-
dilaurylhydroxylamine; N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine; N,N-
dihexadecylhydroxylamine; N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine; N-
hexadecyl-N-octadecyl-hydroxylamine; N-heptadecyl-N-
octadecylhydroxylamine; and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived
from hydrogenated tallow fatty amines.
(f) Nitrones such as N-benzyl7alpha-phenyl nitrone; N-ethyl-
alpha-methyl nitrone; N-octyl-alpha-heptyl nitrone; N-lauryl-
alpha-undecyl nitrone; N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecyl nitrone;
N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl nitrone; N-octadecyl-alpha-
heptadecyl nitrone; N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl nitrone; N-
octadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl nitrone; N-heptadecyl-alpha-
heptadecyl nitrone; N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecyl nitrone; and
nitrones derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines prepared from
hydrogenated tallow fatty amines.
(g) Thiosynergists such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and
distearyl thiodipropionate.
(h) Peroxide scavengers such as esters of ß-thiodipropionic
acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl
esters; mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-
mercaptobenzimidazole; zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate;
dioctadecyl disulfide; and pentaerythritol tetrakis(ß-
dodecylmercapto)propionate.
(i) Polyamide stabilizers such as copper salts in
combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and
salts of divalent manganese.
(j) Basic co-stabilizers such as melamine;
polyvinylpyrrolidone; dicyandiamide; triallyl cyanurate; urea
derivatives; hydrazine derivatives; amines; polyamides;
polyurethanes; alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal
salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate,
zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium
ricinoleate and potassium palmitate; antimony
pyrocatecholate; and tin pyrocatecholate.
(k) Nucleating agents including inorganic substances such as
talc and metal oxides (e.g. titanium oxide or magnesium
oxide) and phosphates, carbonates and sulfates of,
preferably, alkaline earth metals; organic compounds such as
mono- or polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof, for example
4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid,
sodium succinate and sodium benzoate; and polymeric compounds
such as ionic copolymers (e.g. ionomers).
(1) Fillers and reinforcing agents such as calcium
carbonate; silicates; glass fibers; asbestos; talc; kaolin;
mica; barium sulfate; metal oxides and hydroxides; carbon
black; graphite; wood flour and flours or fibers from other
natural products; and synthetic fibers.
(m) Other additives such as plasticizers, lubricants,
emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives, catalysts,
levelling assistants, optical brighteners, flameproofing
agents, antistatic agents and blowing agents.
(n) Benzofuranones and indolinones such as those disclosed
in US 4,325,863, US 4,338,244, US 5,175,312, US 5,216,052, US
5,252,643, DE-A-4316611, DE-A-4316622, DE-A-4316876, EP-A-
0589839 and EP-A-0591102; 3-[4-(2-acetoxy-ethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-
di-Lort-buLyl-bGnzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-lert-butyl-3-M-(2-
stearoyloxyethoxy)-phenyl]benzofuran-2-one; 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-
tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one];
5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one; 3-(4-
acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-
one; 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-
benzofuran-2-one; and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-
dimethylphenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one.
The novel para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention can also
be employed in multilayer systems. In such systems, a
polymer composition having from about 0.1 to about 20% by
weight and preferably a relatively high content of novel
stabilizer, for example, about 5-15% by weight, is applied in
a thin film (e.g., about 5 - 500 pm thick and, preferably,
about 10 - 100 urn thick) to a shaped article made from a
polymer containing little or no ultraviolet stabilizers.
Such composition may be applied at the same time as the
shaping of the base structure, for example by coextrusion in
a manner analogous to that described in United States Patent
No. 4,948,666 (incorporated by reference herein for all
purposes as if fully set forth). Alternatively, application
can also be made to the ready-formed base structure, for
example by lamination with a film or by coating with a
solution. The outer layer or layers of the finished article
have the function of a UV filter, which protects the interior
of the article from UV light. The outer layer preferably
contains about 0.1 to about 20%, preferably about 1 to about
15%, and most preferably about 2 to about 10% by weight of
the outer layer composition, of at least one of the para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine
compounds of the present invention.
The polymers stabilized in this way are notable for
high weathering resistance, especially for high resistance to
UV light. This enables them to retain their mechanical
properties, and their color surface properties such as gloss
and distinctness of image, for a long time even when used
outside. Moreover, due to the bondable nature of the
presently claimed triazine compounds, migration of these UV
absorbers between the layers of the multi-layer coatings can,
under the appropriate circumstances, be minimized.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the
novel mixtures comprising compounds of the formulas (I) - (V)
can be used as stabilizers for coatings, for example for
paints such as disclosed in numerous references (see, e.g.,
US 4,619,956, US 4,740,542, US 4,826,978, US 4,962,142, US
5,106,891, US 5,198,498, US 5,298,067, US 5,322,868, US
5,354,794, US 5,369,140, US 5,420,204, US 5,461,151, US
5,476,937, EP-0434608 and EP-A-0444323). Of particular
interest are coatings and paints for the automobile industry.
The invention therefore also relates to those compositions
which are film-forming binders for coatings.
Such novel coating compositions comprise about 0.01
to about 20%, preferably about 0.01 to about 10%, and more
preferably about 0.02 to about 5% by weight of the binder of
the coating composition of the presently claimed para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
of the present invention.
Multilayer systems are possible here as well (such
as electrocoat/basecoat/clearcoat systems), where the
concentration of the novel stabilizer in one or more of the
layers, and typically the outer layer such as the clearcoat,
can be relatively high, for example from about 0.01 to about
20%, preferably about 0.01 to about 10%, and more preferably
about 0.02 to about 5% by weight of binder.
The use of the novel stabilizer in coatings is
accompanied by the additional advantage that it prevents
delamination, i.e. the flaking-off of the coating from the
substrate. This advantage is particularly important in the
case of metallic substrates, including multilayer systems on
metallic substrates, and particularly epoxy e-coated metallic
substrates.
The binder can in principle be any binder which is
customary in industry, for example those described in
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition,
Vol. A18, pp. 368-426, VCH, Weinheim 1991 which is
incorporated herein by reference. In general, it is a film-
forming binder based on a thermoplastic or curable resin,
predominantly on a curable resin. Examples of thermoplastic
binders include acrylics, polyesters, polyurethanes and PVC
plastisols. Examples of curable binders include functional
alkyd, acrylic, polyester, phenolic, melamine, epoxy and
polyurethane resins and mixtures thereof.
Such curable binders can be an ambient curable or a
thermosetting binder. Further, in some systems it may be
advantageous to add a curing catalyst to such systems.
Suitable catalysts which accelerate curing of the binder are
described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A18, p. 469, VCH
Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1991. Preferred binders
include those which comprise a functional acrylate resin and
a crosslinking agent.
A wide variety of binders may be employed in such
coating systems. Examples of suitable coating compositions
containing specific binders include but are not limited to:
1. paints based on ambient curable or thermosetting alkyd,
acrylate, polyester, epoxy or melamine resins or mixtures of
such resins, if desired with addition of a curing catalyst;
2. two-component polyurethane paints based on hydroxyl-
containing acrylate, polyester or polyether resins and
aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates;
3. one-component polyurethane paints based on blocked
isocyanates, isocyanurates or polyisocyanates which are
deblocked during baking;
4. two-component paints based on (poly)ketimines and
aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates;
5. two-component paints based on (poly)ketimines and an
unsaturated acrylate resin or a polyacetoacetate resin or a
methacrylamidoglycolate methyl ester;
6. two-component paints based on carboxyl- or amino-
containing polyacrylates and polyepoxides;
7. two-component paints based on acrylate resins containing
anhydride groups and on a polyhydroxy or polyamino component;
8. two-component paints based on (poly)oxazolines and
acrylate resins containing anhydride groups, or unsaturated
acrylate resins, or aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates,
isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
9. two-component paints based on unsaturated polyacrylates
and polymalonates;
10. thermoplastic polyacrylate paints based on thermoplastic
acrylate resins or externally crosslinking acrylate resins in
combination with etherified melamine resins;
11. paint systems based on siloxane-modified or fluorine-
modified acrylate resins.
In addition to the binder and novel para-tertiary
alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the
present invention, the coating composition according to the
invention preferably further comprise one or more additional
ultraviolet light absorbers, including but not limited to
those specifically listed above in section b. The additional
UV absorbers may be, for example, another tris-aryl-1,3,5-
triazine, a 2-hydroxyphenyl-2H-benzotriazole, a 2-
hydroxybenzophenone, an ester of an unsubstituted benzoic
acid, an acrylate, an oxamide (oxanilide), or any combination
of the above. Preferably, the additional UV absorber is a 2-
hydroxyphenyl-2H-benzotriazole and the weight ratio of
benzotriazole to amido or carbamate triazine is 4:1 to 1:4.
More preferably, the weight ratio of benzotriazole to amido
or carbamate triazine is 2:1 to 1:2.
To achieve maximum light stability, it is of
particular interest to add sterically hindered amines,
examples of which are set out in the above-mentioned section
b(vi). The invention therefore also relates to a coating
composition which, in addition to the binder, the novel para-
tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
and, optionally, additional UV absorbers, comprises a light
stabilizer of the sterically hindered amine type. The
sterically hindered amine is employed in an amount of about
0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the solid binder,
preferably about 0.02 to 2% by weight.
One specific example of such a sterically hindered
amine is a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperazinone containing at
least one group of the formula:

in which J is, for example, hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl (such
as methyl), alkoxy (such as methoxy) or acyl.
More preferably the stabilizer is a 2,2,6,6-
tetraalkylpiperidine derivative containing at least one group
of the formula:

in which J is, for example, hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl (such
as methyl), alkoxy (such as methoxy) or acyl.
Examples of tetraalkylpiperidine derivatives which
can be used in combination with the present trisaryl-1,3,5-
triazine compounds are given in United States Patent Nos.
4,314,933, 4,344,876, 4,426,471, 4,426,472, 4,619,956,
5,004,770, 5,006,577, 5,064,883, 5,112,890, 5,124,378,
5,106,891, 5,204,473, and 5,461,151, which are incorporated
by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
It is particularly expedient to employ the following
tetraalkylpiperidine derivatives, as well as their N-alkyl,
N-acyl, N-hydroxyl and N-alkoxy analogs (where not already
included in the following list):
bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) succinate,
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) sebacate,
bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yl) sebacate,
di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yl) butyl-(3,5-di-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis(l-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) sebacate, tetra(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate,
tetra(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-
tetracarboxylate, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,2 0-diaza-21-
oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane, and 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-
1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione.
Commercially available examples of these and other
tetraalkylpipieridine derivatives include SANDUVOR® 3050,
3052, 3055, 3056, 3058, PR-31 and PR-32 (Clariant Corp.);
TINUVIN® 079L, 123, 144, 292, 440L and 622LD (Ciba Specialty
Chemicals); CHIMASORB® 119 and 944 (Ciba Specialty
Chemicals); and CYASORB® UV-3346, UV 3529, UV-3853, UV-500
and UV-516 (Cytec Industries Inc.).
Apart from the binder, the para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine, and, if used, the
additional ultraviolet light absorber or stabilizer, the
coating composition can also comprise further components,
examples being solvents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers,
stabilizers, thixotropic agents, drying catalysts and/or
leveling agents. Examples of possible components are those
described in many of the previously incorporated references
as well as Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,
5th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 429-471, VCH, Weinheim 1991; and
Calbo, Leonard J. , ed., Handbook of Coatings Additives, New
York:Marcel Dekker (1987).
Possible drying catalysts or curing catalysts are,
for example, organometallic compounds, amines, acids, amino-
containing resins and/or phosphines.
Examples of acid catalysts are mineral acids,
aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g. p-toluene
sulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid,
dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid), oxalic acid, maleic acid,
hexamic acid, phosphoric acid, alkyl phosphate esters,
phthalic acid and acrylic acid copolymers.
Examples of organometallic compounds are metal
carboxylates, especially those of the metals Pb, Mn, Co, Zn,
Zr or Cu, or metal chelates, especially those of the metal
Al, It or Zr, or organometallic compounds such as organotin
compounds, for example. Examples of metal carboxylates are
the stearates of Pb, Mn or Zn, the octoates of Co, Zn or Cu,
the naphthenates of Mn and Co or the corresponding
linoleates, resinates or tallates. Examples of metal
chelates are the aluminum, titanium or zirconium chelates of
acetylacetone, ethyl acetylacetate, salicylaldehyde,
salicylaldoxime, o-hydroxyacetophenone or ethyl
trifluoroacetylacetate and the alkoxides of these metals.
Examples of organotin compounds are dibutyltin oxide,
dibutyltin dilaurate or dibutyltin dioctoate.
Examples of amine drying or curing catalysts are,
in particular, tertiary amines, for example tributylamine,
triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-
dimethylethanolamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine
or diazabicyclooctane (triethylenediamine) and salts thereof.
Further examples are quaternary ammonium salts, for example
trimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Amino-containing resins
are simultaneously binder and curing catalyst. Examples
thereof are amino-containing acrylate copolymers.
The curing catalyst used can also be a phosphine,
for example triphenylphosphine.
Another type of curing catalyst is a peroxide which
can be used, for example, to cure a gel coating for a
fiberglass article.
The novel coating compositions can also be
radiation-curable coating compositions. In this case, the
binder essentially comprises monomeric or oligomeric
compounds containing ethylenically unsaturated bonds, which
after application are cured by actinic radiation, i.e.
converted into a crosslinked, high molecular weight form.
Where the system is UV-curing, it generally contains a
photoinitiator as well. Corresponding systems are described
in the above-mentioned publication Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Vol. A18, pages 451-453.
In radiation-curable coating compositions, the novel
stabilizers can also be employed without the addition of
sterically hindered amines.
The novel coating compositions according to the
invention can be applied to any desired substrates, for
example to metal, wood, plastic, fiberglass or ceramic
materials. The coating compositions can be pigmented mono-
coats or multi-layer (primer/basecoat/clearcoat) systems
typical of automotive finishes. In the latter case, the
novel coating composition can be used for either the base
coat, or clear coat, or for both layers.. If the topcoat of
an automotive finish comprises two layers, of which the lower
layer is pigmented and the upper layer is not pigmented, the
novel coating composition can be used for either the upper or
the lower layer or for both layers, but preferably for the
upper topcoat layer.
The novel coating compositions can be applied to
the substrates by the customary methods, for example by
brushing, spraying, pouring, dipping or electrophoresis; see
also Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th
Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 491-500.
Depending on the binder system, the coatings can be
cured at room temperature or by heating. Thermosetting
coatings are preferably cured at 50 - 150°C and, in the case
of powder coatings, even at higher temperatures.
The coatings obtained in accordance with the
invention have excellent resistance to the damaging effects
of light, oxygen and heat; particular mention should be made
of the good light stability and weathering resistance of the
coatings thus obtained, for example paints.
The invention therefore also relates to a coating,
in particular a paint, which has been stabilized against the
damaging effects of light, oxygen and heat by a content of
the compound of the formulas (I) - (V), according to the
invention. The paint can be a pigmented mono-coat which
comprises a film-forming binder and an organic pigment or
dye, an inorganic pigment, a metallic pigment, or a mixture
thereof. The paint may also be a composition which comprises
a primer in adhesion to a metal or plastic substrate; a
pigmented basecoat that is in adhesion to the primer and
which comprises a film-forming binder and an organic pigment
or dye, an inorganic pigment, a metallic pigment, or a
mixture thereof; and a clear coat that is in adhesion to the
base coat and which comprises a film-forming binder and
optionally a transparent pigment. One especially preferred
use is a paint which is a clear topcoat for automobile
original equipment manufacture (OEM) and/or refinish
applications.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for
stabilizing a coating based on polymers against damage by
light, oxygen and/or heat, which comprises mixing with the
coating composition a mixture comprising a compound of a
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine
and to the use of mixtures comprising para-tertiary alkyl

phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine compound in coating
compositions as stabilizers against damage by light, oxygen
and/or heat.
The coating compositions can comprise an organic
solvent or solvent mixture in which the binder is soluble.
The coating composition can otherwise be an aqueous solution
or dispersion. The vehicle can also be a mixture of organic
solvent and water. The coating composition maybe a high-
solids paint or can be solvent-free (e.g. a powder coating
material).
The pigments can be inorganic, organic or metallic
pigments. The novel coating compositions preferably contain
no pigments and are used as a clearcoat.
Likewise preferred is the use of the coating
composition as a topcoat for applications in the automobile
industry, especially as a pigmented or unpigmented topcoat of
the paint finish. Its use for underlying coats, however, is
also possible.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazines of this invention may be applied
topically by polishing a surface with a composition
comprising the para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazines and an inert carrier such as solvent,
petroleum jelly, silicone oil in water emulsions, or
automotive paint wax, e.g. Carnauba wax. These topical
treatment compositions may be used to stabilize coating
films, fabrics, leather, vinyl and other plastics and wood.
Preference is also given to the use of the novel
para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine
compounds in photographic materials as stabilizer against
damage by light, especially by UV light. The invention
therefore also relates to a photographic material comprising
an para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidine or
triazine compound.
The compounds according to the invention can be

used for photosensitive materials of all kinds. For example,
they can be employed for color paper, color reversal paper,
direct-positive color material, color negative film, color
positive film, color reversal film and other materials. They
are preferably used, inter alia, for photosensitive color
material which comprises a reversal substrate or which forms
positives.
Furthermore, the novel compounds can be combined
with other UV absorbers, especially those which are
dispersible in aqueous gelatin, for example with
hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles (cf. for example United States
Patent Nos. 4,853,471, 4,973,702, 4,921,966 and 4,973,701),
benzophenones, oxanilides, cyanoacrylates, salicylates, or
acrylonitriles or thiazolines. In this context it is
advantageous to employ these further, oil-dissolved UV
absorbers in the photographic material in layers other than
those comprising the novel UV absorbers.
The present invention also encompasses compositions
containing one or more binders. In particular, the binder
may comprise an alkyd, acrylic, polyester, phenolic,
melamine, epoxy or polyurethane resin, or blends thereof.
Examples of such binders include, but are not limited to:
(a) cold- or hot-crosslinkable alkyd, acrylate,
polyester, epoxy or melamine resins or mixtures of
such resins;
(b) a two-component polyurethane system comprising
hydroxyl-containing acrylate, polyester or
polyether resins and aliphatic or aromatic
isocyanates, isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
(c) a one-component polyurethane system comprising
blocked isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates which are deblocked during baking;
(d) a two-component system comprising (poly)ketimines
and aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates,
isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;

(e) a two-component system comprising (poly)ketimines
and an unsaturated acrylate resin or a
polyacetoacetate resin or a methacrylamidoglycolate
methyl ester;
(f) a two-component system comprising carboxyl- or
amino-containing polyacrylates and polyepoxides;
(g) a two-component system comprising acrylate resins
containing anhydride groups and on a polyhydroxy or
polyamino component;
(h) a two-component system comprising (poly)oxazolines
and acrylate resins containing anhydride groups, or
unsaturated acrylate resins, or aliphatic or
aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates;
(i) a two-component system comprising unsaturated
polyacrylates and polymalonates;
(j) a thermoplastic polyacrylate system comprising
thermoplastic acrylate resins or externally
crosslinking acrylate resins in combination with
etherified melamine resins; and
(k) a system comprising siloxane-nodified or fluorine-
modified acrylate resins.
Such binder-containing compositions may further comprise a
curing catalyst, or an organic solvent, and may be radiation-
curable. In particular, such compositions may serve as
coating compositions.
In particular, it is possible successfully to
stabilize photographic materials similar to those described
in United States Patent No. 4,518,686.
The invention therefore additionally relates to a
photographic material comprising, on support, a blue-
sensitive, a green-sensitive and/or a red-sensitive silver-
halide emulsion layer and, if desired, a protective layer,
with a layer comprising a UV absorber being arranged above
the uppermost silver-halide emulsion layer, wherein the UV

absorber is a para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazine compound.
Preference is additionally given to photographic
materials which have a layer comprising a compound of the
formula (I) - (V) above the uppermost silver-halide emulsion
layer and/or between the green- and red-sensitive silver-
halide emulsion layers.
Furthermore, it may be advantageous for all or some
of the said layers which can comprise a UV absorber to have a
UV absorber mixture and/or a further UV absorber which is
dispersible in aqueous gelatin, but a compound of the formula
(I) - (V) must be present at least in one layer.
The novel material preferably has gelatin
interlayers between the silver-halide emulsion layers.
Preference is given to photographic materials in
which the silver halide in the blue-sensitive, green-
sensitive and/or red-sensitive layer is silver chloride
bromide comprising at least 90 mol % of silver chloride.
The compounds of the formula (I) - (V), which are
used in accordance with the invention, can be incorporated,
alone or together with the color coupler and, if used,
further additives, into the color photographic materials by
dissolving the compounds beforehand in high-boiling organic
solvents. It is preferred to use solvents which boil at
higher than 160°C. Typical examples of such solvents are the
esters of phthalic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid,
benzoic acid or of fatty acids, or alkylamides and phenols.
Preferred color couplers for use in the
compositions of the invention, examples of such compounds,
further additives such as color cast inhibitors, DIR couplers
and further light stabilizers, such as UV absorbers, phenols,
phosphorus (III) compounds, organometallic complexes,
hydroquinones and hydroquinone ethers, and more precise
details on the structure of various photographic materials,
can be found, for example, in the publications EP-A-0531258

and EP-A-0520938 and in the literature cited therein.
The invention also relates to a process for the
stabilization of polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer films for
agricultural applications, especially greenhouse
applications, this polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer film
having improved light stability and pesticide resistance,
comprising incorporation of a sterically hindered amine and a
metal oxide of hydroxide selected from oxides of zinc,
aluminum, calcium and magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc,
aluminum and calcium, into the polyolefin or polyolefin
copolymer. A further subject of the invention is a
greenhouse, characterized in that it is covered by a
polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer film having improved light
stability and pesticide resistance and stabilized with a
sterically hindered amine and a metal oxide or hydroxide
selected from oxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and
magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc, aluminum and calcium, and
a process for stabilizing a polyolefin or polyolefin
copolymer greenhouse film against detrimental effects of
pesticides and light, oxygen and/or heat, which process
comprises incorporation of a sterically hindered amine and a
metal oxide or hydroxide selected from oxides of zinc,
aluminum, calcium and magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc,
aluminum and calcium, into said greenhouse film..
Further subjects of the invention are the use of a
polyolefin copolymer film stabilized with a sterically
hindered amine and a metal oxide or hydroxide selected from
oxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and magnesium, end
hydroxides of zinc, aluminum and calcium for agricultural
applications involving pesticides, especially greenhouse
applications, and the use of a sterically hindered amine in
combination with a metal oxide or hydroxide selected from
oxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and magnesium, and
hydroxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and magnesium, and
hydroxides of zinc, aluminum and calcium for the

stabilization of polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer films in
contact with pesticides against photodegradation and damage
by pesticides.
To form a film, forcing a quantity of the said
melted composition through a film die, such as a flat film
die or a circular blown film die, and forming a film
therefrom. In the case where the composition is used to form
a film therefrom, it is contemplated that the films may be
unoriented, or may be subjected to a conventional operation
to impart a degree of orientation on the film. Such a film
may be oriented in one direction, such as in the machine
direction, such as in the "machine direction" and/or the
"transverse direction", or may be oriented in both
directions, or "biaxially" oriented.
The present invention is also suitable for sheet
applications.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazine compounds of the formula (I) - (V) are
suitable for the photochemical stabilization of undyed, dyed
or printed fiber materials comprising for example, silk,
leather, wool, polyamide or polyurethanes and especially
cellulose-containing fiber materials of all kinds. Examples
of such fiber materials are the natural cellulose fibers,
such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp and also viscose staple
fiber and regenerated cellulose. Preferred textile fiber
materials are those of cotton. The triazine and pyrimidine
compounds of the present invention are also suitable for the
photochemical stabilization of hydroxyl-containing fibers in
blend fabrics, for example blends of cotton with polyester
fibers or polyamide fibers. A further preferred area of
application relates to the blocking or reduction of the UV
radiation which passes through the above-mentioned textile
materials (UV cutting) and the heightened sun protection
which textile materials finished with a novel compound offer
to the human skin.

To this end, one or a number of different compounds
of the formula (I) - (V) are applied to the textile fiber
material by one of the customary dyeing methods,
advantageously in a quantity of 0.01 to 5% by weight,
preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight and, in particular, from 0.25
to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the fiber material.
The para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidine or triazine compounds can be applied to the fiber
material in various ways and fixed on the fiber, especially
in the form of aqueous dispersions or printing pastes.
The textile fiber materials finished with the novel
compounds of the formula (I) - (V) possess improved
protection against photochemical breakdown of the fiber and
yellowing phenomena and, in the case of dyed fibre material,
are of enhanced (hot) light fastness. Particular emphasis
should be drawn to the greatly improved photoprotective
effect of the treated textile fiber material and, in
particular, the good protective effect with respect to short-
wave UV-B rays. This is manifested by the fact that the
textile fiber material finished with an para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine compound has,
relative to untreated fabric, a greatly increased sun
protection factor (SPF).
The sun protection factor is defined as the
quotient of the dose of UV radiation which damages protected
skin to that which damages unprotected skin. Accordingly, a
sun protection factor is also a measure of the extent to
which untreated fiber materials and fiber materials treated
with a novel compound of the formulas (I) - (V) are permeable
to UV radiation. The determination of the sun protection
factor of textile fiber materials is explained, for example,
in WO94/04515 or in J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 40, 127-133 (1989)
and can be carried out analogously thereto.
Yet another use of the UV absorbers according to
the invention is in the stabilization of intra-ocular and

contact lenses.
The inventive UV absorbers are suitable as
photoprotective agents in cosmetic preparations. The
invention additionally relates, therefore, to a cosmetic
preparation comprising at least one para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine compound and
cosmetically acceptable carriers or auxiliaries.
The novel cosmetic composition contains from 0.1 to
15% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on
the overall weight of the composition, of a para-tertiary
alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidine or triazine UV absorber
and a cosmetically acceptable auxiliary.
The cosmetic composition can be prepared by
physically mixing the novel UV absorber with the auxiliary by
means of customary methods, for example by simply stirring
together the two materials.
The cosmetic preparation according to the invention
can be formulated as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion,
as an oil-in-oil alcohol lotion, as a vesicular dispersion of
an ionic or nonionic amphiphilic lipid, as a gel, solid stick
or as an aerosol formulation.
As a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, the
cosmetically acceptable auxiliary preferably contains from 5
to 50% of an oily phase, from 5 to 20% of an emulsifier and
from 30 to 90% water. The oil phase can comprise any oil
which is suitable for cosmetic formulations, e.g., one or
more hydrocarbon oils, a wax, a natural oil, a silicone oil,
a fatty acid ester or a fatty alcohol. Preferred mono- or
polyols are ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, hexylene
glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.
For these cosmetic formulations, it is possible to
use any conventionally employed emulsifier, e.g., one or more
ethoxylated esters of naturally occurring derivatives, i.e.,
polyethoxylated esters of hydrogenated castor oil; or a
silicone oil emulsifier such as silicone polyol; an

unmodified or ethoxylated fatty acid soap; an ethoxylated
fatty alcohol; an unmodified or ethoxylated sorbitan ester;
an ethoxylated fatty acid; or an ethoxylated glyceride.
The cosmetic formulation can also comprise further
components, for example emollients, emulsion stabilizers,
skin moisteners, tanning accelerators, thickeners such as
xanthan, moisture retention agents such as glycerol,
preservatives, or fragrances and colorants.
The novel cosmetic formulations are notable for
good protection of human skin against the damaging effect of
sunlight while at the same time providing for reliable
tanning of the skin.
The invention will now be illustrated by the
following examples. The examples are not intended to be
limiting of the scope of the present invention. In
conjunction with the general and detailed descriptions above,
the examples provide further understanding of the present
invention.
EXAMPLES
Examples and reaction schemes for producing specific examples
of para tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted triazines in
accordance with the invention are provided below. While the
following examples illustrate preparations with one or more
para tertiary alkylated phenyl compounds, one of ordinary
skill will understand that these reactions may also be
carried out with any of a variety of other tertiary alkylated
phenyl compounds, where when necessary, reactive substituents
on such other tertiary alkylated phenyl compounds are
protected in accordance with procedures and reagents well
known and understood by those of ordinary skill.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1: Preparation of 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-
chloro-1,3,5-triazine
To a 2- neck flask equipped with a reflux
condenser, an argon inlet, a magnetic stirring bar and a
glass stopper was introduced 9.2 g of cyanuric chloride. To
it was added 125 mL of tert-butylbenzene followed by 8 g of
aluminum chloride at room temperature. The reaction mixture
was then gradually heated to 65°C and kept at this temperature
for 3.5 hr. At this stage an additional 8 g of aluminum
trichloride was added and the reaction mixture was heated at
75°C for 3 hr. The heating was discontinued and the reaction
mixture was left at room temperature overnight and then
treated with 300 mL of ice-cold dilute HC1 for 2 hr. The
mixture was extracted with methylene chloride and the organic
layer separated, washed with water, dried over anhydrous
sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to
dryness. The residue so obtained was treated with acetone.
The precipitated material was filtered off which was
characterized to be mainly 2,4,6-tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine. The filtrate was concentrated and purified
by column chromatography to give 4.6 g of a compound
characterized to be 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-chloro-
1,3,5-triazine.


To a 2 L neck flask equipped with a reflux
condenser, an argon inlet, a magnetic stirring bar and a
glass stopper was introduced 3.79 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine of example 1. To it was
added 30 mL of chlorobenzene, 1.21 g of resorcinol and 2 g of
aluminum chloride at room temperature. The reaction mixture
was heated at 85°C for 6 hr. The heating was discontinued and
the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. To it
was then added 5% ice-cold aq. HCl, and the mixture
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed
with water and dried to give 4.4 g of a product characterized
to be 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)
1,3,5-triazine.

To a 2- neck flask equipped with a reflux
condenser, an argon inlet, a magnetic stirring bar and a
glass stopper was introduced 2.25 g of 2, 4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine of
example 2. To it was added 30 mL of acetone, 3.45 g of
anhydrous potassium carbonate and 0.9 mL of 1-iodooctane.
The contents were heated to reflux for (5 hr. The reaction
mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with
methylene chloride and filtered through Celite. The filtrate
was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.7 g of a
residue which was purified by column chromatography over
silica gel to give 2.26 g of a pure product characterized to
be 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine based on NMR and mass spectra.

A stirred mixture of 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-
(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hexylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 5 g of
1-iodooctane, 1 g of Aliquat® 336 (tricaprylmethylammonium
chloride), 14 g anhydrous potassium carbonate, and 200 mL
methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was heated at 115-120°C for 5
hr, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The
mixture was extracted with methylene chloride and the
combined methylene chloride extracts were concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting semi-solid residue was
recrystallized from acetone to give 12 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl) -6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxy-5-hexylphenyl)-1, 3, 5-
triazine as a yellow solid in 97% purity as determined by
HPLC (area % at 290 nm). A second recrystallization from
acetone yielded an analytical sample (100% purity by HPLC).

To a 2- neck flask equipped with a reflux
condenser, an argon inlet, a magnetic stirring bar and a
glass stopper was introduced 1.4 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine of
example 3. To it was added 5 mL of pyridine, 1.0 mL of
pyridine and 25 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The contents
were heated at 115°C for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was
cooled to room temperature and poured into ice-cold water and
stirred for 1 hr. The precipitaed material was filtered and
dissolved in methylene chloride. The solution thus obtained
was first washed with dilute HC1 and then with water, dried
over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue so obtained was crystallized with
hexane to give 1.06 g of a pure compound characterized to be
2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-acetoxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine based on NMR and mass spectra.

To a stirred mixture of 14 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 10.8 g
of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 0.47 g of potassium iodide,
and 90 mL of acetone was added 3.7 mL (4,2 g) of ethyl
chloroacetate. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 hr,
and then cooled to room temperature. The solids were removed
by filtration and washed with methylene chloride. The
product was crystallized from the combined filtrate, washed
with cold acetone, and dried in vacuo to give 12.5 g of
2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-
ethoxycarbonylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine as a near white
powder. The structure was verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

To a stirred mixture of 10 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-(2, 4-dihydroxy-5-hexylphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine,
7.4 g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 0.5 g of potassium
iodide, and 80 mL of acetone was added 2.2 mL (2.5 g) of
ethyl chloroacetate. The mixture was stirred at reflux for
2.5 h and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The
solids were removed by filtration and washed with methylene
chloride. The combined filtrates were concentrated under
reduced pressure to a volume of 75 mL and diluted with 50 mL
of methanol. The resulting solid was collected by filtration
and washed with methanol. After drying in vacua, 10 g of
2,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-
ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-5-hexylphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine was
obtained. The structure was verified by *HNMR spectroscopy.

A mixture of 6 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-
(2-hydroxy-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 4 g
of butyl ethanolamine, 0.13 g of 4-demethylaminopyridine, and
30 mL xylenes was stirred at reflux. After 8 hr, HPLC
analysis (are % at 290 nm) showed complete conversion of
starting material to one product. The mixture was allowed to
cool and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
. residue was crystallized from 100 mL of hexanes. The product
was collected by filtration, washed with ice-cold hexanes,
and dried in vacuo to give 7 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(N-(n-butyl)-N-(2-
hydroxyethyl)methanamidooxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine as a pale
yellow solid (>90% purity by HPLC). The structure was
verified by 1HNMR spectroscopy.

A mixture of 5 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-
(2-hydroxy-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-5-hexylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine, 4 g of butyl ethanolamine, 0.12 g of
4-dimethylaminopyridine, and 30 mL of xylenes was stirred at
reflux. After 12 hr, HPLC analysis showed complete
conversion of starting material to one product. The mixture
was allowed to cool and was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was crystallized from 150 mL of
hexanes. The product was collected by filtration, washed
with ice-cold hexanes, and dried in vacvo to give 2,4-bis(4-
tert-butylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(N-(n-butyl)-N-
(2-hydroxyethyl)methanamidooxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine as a
pale yellow solid. The structure was verified by 1HNMR
spectroscopy.

A stirred mixture of 12 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-
butylphenyl)-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3, 5-triazine, 13.8 g
of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 100 mL of
tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen was cooled to 4°C. A solution
of 4.1 mL (5.7 g) of benzenesulfonyl chloride in 20 mL of THF
was added over 20 min. The resulting mixture was stirred at.
reflux for 32 hr. HPLC analysis showed complete conversion
of starting material. The mixture was allowed to cool to
room temperature and 10 mL of methanol was added. The
mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residue was triturated with 200 mL of hexanes and
filtered, triturated with 250 mL of refluxing methanol,
filtered hot, and washed with hot methanol. The solids were
recrystallized from 200 mL of acetone/methanol (1:1 v/v),
collected by filtration, washed with methanol, and dried in
vacuo to give 8 g of 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2,4-
dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 4-O-benzenesulfonate ester
as a pale yellow solid. The structure was verified by 1HNMR
spectroscopy.
Example A: Stabilized Polycarbonate Composition
Polycarbonate plaques are prepared as follows. GE
Lexan 105 barefoot natural flake polycarbonate resin (melt
temperature 310 - 333°C) is dry blended with 0.35% stabilizer
plus 0.10 wt% Mark® 2112 phosphite. The blended compositions
are melt-mixed and extruded in a Haake torque rheometer
equipped with a a 0.75-inch 25 : 1 single mixing screw
extruder. The zone temperatures are 246, 265, 295, and
304°C. The extruded polycarbonate is pulled through a water
bath, dried, pelletized, and redried at 120°C for 4 - 48 hr
in a forced air oven. The pellets are injection molded at
305 -- 310°C using an Arburg "Allrounder" hydraulic injection
molder to form 2 x 2.5 x 0.100-inch plaques. The zone
temperatures are: nozzle - 305°C; nozzle side - 310°C;
middle - 300°C; and feed - 290°C. The mold temperature is
100°C. Delta E data is obtained using a Macbeth Color Eye
Colorimeter with illuminate C, 2° observer, specular
component excluded, and UV component included.
The plaques are exposed in a xenon-arc
WeatherOmeter following ASTM G-26 using Test Method B (Miami,
Fla. conditions). The conditions are an irradiance of 0.35
W/m2 at 340 nm, alternating cycles of light and darkness,
intermittent water spray, and a black panel temperature of 63
± 3°C. Delta E (total color change) is measured after 400
hr. of exposure. Polycarbonate compositions containing the
para-t-butyl Compound have less total color change than the
unstabilized control composition.
Example B: Stabilized Coating Compositions
Stabilized clear acrylic melamine compositions are
prepared and coated onto steel panels for accelerated
weathering testing as follows. The para-tert-butyl compound
(2% based on total resin solids) is pre-dissolved in xylenes,
alone and in combination with Sanduvor® 3058 HALS (0.67% or
1.0% based on total resin solids), and added to the clear
acrylic melamine formulation given in Table I. Steel panels
pre-coated with ED5050A E-coat, 764204 primer, and 542DF716
white base-coat and measuring 4" x 12" are obtained from ACT
Laboratories, Inc. (Hillsdale, Michigan). The panels are
coated with the clear coat formulations using the draw-down
technique (WC-52 Wire-Cators™ obtained from Leneta Co., Ho-
Ho-Kus, N.J.). The clear coats are allowed to flash for 10
min. at ambient temperature and cured for 30 min. at 135°C.

Accelerated weathering is carried out with a QUV
following ASTM G53 (GM cycle), which is weathering under
alternate cycles of (i) UV light at 70°C for 8 hours and (ii)
condensation with no UV light at 50°C for 4 hr. Specular
properties (gloss and distinctness of image, or DOI) are
measured as a function of weathering time. Compositions
containing 2% para-tert-butyl triazine have improved gloss
and DOI retention relative to the unstabilized control.
Compositions containing 1% HALS S-3058 in addition to para-
tert-butyl triazine also exhibit improved gloss and DOI
retention.
Example C: Stabilized Coating Compositions Containing 2,4-
bis (4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-acetoxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine
Canadian patent application 2,162,645 has
experimental data which shows that 2-acetoxy triazine UV
absorbers improve the weatherability of acrylic melamine
coating compositions. Weatherability is defined in terms of
gloss retention. However no data on the yellowing behavior
of these coating compositions was given. We have found that
coating compositions containing 2-acetoxy triazines yellow
upon exposure to UV light. We have further discovered that
coating compositions containing the 2-(2-acetoxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
yellow less than those containing 2-(2-acetoxy-4-
hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (Compound A12 of
the cited patent).
The coating compositions were weathered using both
UVB-313 bulbs (UV light intensity maximum at 313 nm) and UVA-
340 bulbs (UV light intensity maximum of 340 nm). The
results are summarized in Tables II and III. Under both
weathering conditions, the t-Butyl compound surprisingly gave
less yellowing. In the UVB-313 example, both equal weight
(3.00%) and equimolar amounts (2.31%) of Compound A were
evaluated. Even when compared against the lower, equimolar
level of Compound A, the t-Butyl compound still afforded less
yellowing.

a) 2, 4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-acetoxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine
Compound A is 2-(2-acetoxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-
1,3,5-triazine

a) 2,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2-acetoxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
Compound A is 2-(2-acetoxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-
diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine
Although the present invention is described with
reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is apparent
that modifications and variations thereof may be made by
those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and
spirit of this invention as defined by the appended claims.
WE CLAIM:
1. A compound of formula (II)

wherein
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group
each of R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl,
cyano,-O(hydrocarbyl),-O(functional hydrocarbyl),-N(hydrocarbyl) (hydrocarbyl),
-N(functional hydrocarbyl) (functional hydrocarbyl),-S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional hydrocarbyl),
-SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -
CO(( hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -
OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -
CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON(hydrocarbyl)
(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl) (hydro-carbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl) (functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any
of the above groups; and
each R and R1 is identical or different, and is independently a
hydrocarbyl group of between 1 and 21 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of
between 2 and 21 atoms, a cycloalkyl of between 5 and 21 carbon atoms, an
aralkyl of between 7 and 21 carbon atoms, and of the above hydrocarbyl groups
substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl), -O(functional
hydrocarbyl), - N(hydrocarbyl) (hydrocarbyl), -N(functional hydrocarbyl)
(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl), -
SO2(hydracarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional hydrocarbyl),
SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -
CO(hydrocarbyl),-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl),
OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON(hydrocarbyl) (hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)
(hydrocarbyl-CON(functional hydrocarbyl) (functional hydrocarbyl); C2-C50 alkyl
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or carbonyl groups and optionally
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of
hydroxy, C1-C12 alkoxy, and glycidyloxy; glycidyl; and cyclohexyl optionally
substituted with hydroxyl or -OCOR11; provided that the R groups are connected
to a quaternary carbon that is attached to the ring,
wherein the term "functional hydrocarbyl" means a hydrocarbyl group possessing
pendant and/or terminal reactive and/or latent reactive functionality and/or
leaving groups.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C1-C24 alkyl or mixtures thereof; C1-C24 branched
alkyl or mixtures thereof; C3-C6 alkenyl; -COR9; -COOR9; -CONHR9; -
SO2R9; C1-C18 alkyl which is substituted with one or more of the groups:
hydroxy, C1-C18 alkoxy , C3-C18 alkenoxy, halogen, phenoxy, C1-C18 alkyl-
substituted phenoxy, C1-C18 alkoxy-substituted phenoxy, halogen-
substituted phenoxy, -COOH, -COOR9, CONH2, -CONHR9, -CON(R9)(R10),-
NH2, -NHR9, -N(R9)(R10) , -NHCOR11, -N(R9)COR11,-NHCOOR11, -
N(R9)COR11, -CN, -OCOR11, -OC(O)NHR9, -OC(O)N(R9)(R10), C2-C50 alkyl
which is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or carbonyl groups and
optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the
group consisting of hydroxy, C1-C12 alkoxy, and glycidyloxy; glycidyl; and
cyclohexyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl or -OCOR11;
wherein R9 and R10 independently of one another are C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12
alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16 dialkylaminoalkyl, or C5-C12 cycloalkyl, or R9 and R10
taken together are C3-C9 alkylene or C3-C9 oxoalkylene or C3-C9
azaalkylene, and R11 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, or phenyl.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein at least two to the R groups are
methyl and the other R group is methyl, ethyl, butyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, or
phenyl.
4. A compound according to claim 3, wherein each R group is methyl.
5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group
consisting of
hydrogen;
an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl,
carboxyl, carboalkoxy, amide, epoxy or amino groups and optionally containing
one or more carbonyl groups, oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms in the chain;
an alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl,
epoxy or amino group(s) and optionally containing one or more carbonyl groups,
oxygen or nitrogen atoms in the chain;
a cycloalkyl of 5 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl,
or amino group(s), and optionally containing carbonyl, oxygen, or nitrogen in the
ring; and
an aralkyl of 7 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl or
amino group(s) and may contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or nitrogen in the ring;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XII -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-
)mm-D1 wherein D1 is hydrogen, -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH,

or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIII -CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D2
wherein D2 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula VIII -YY-O-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-
)mm-D3 wherein D3 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XV-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-
)mm-CnnH2nn-B1-D4 wherein D4 is hydrogen of R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVI-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-
CnnH2nn-D5 wherein D5 is -NH2, -NH-(CH2)2-COO-R23 or -O-R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVII -YY-O-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-
)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 wherein D5 is as defined under formula XVI;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVIII-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D6 wherein
D6 is -NH-CO-R24, -OR25, OH or H;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIX -CH(R21)CH2-(OCH (R17)-CH2)m-D7
wherein D7 wherein D7 is -OR25, -NHCOR24 or -OCH2CH2OR25;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
R22 is halogen or -O-R23;
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, aryl, or aryl-C1-C4-alkyl;
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl;
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl-C1-C4
alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkylene;
B1 is NH or 0;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6; and
u is an integer from 1 to 4.
6. A compound of formula (III):

wherein
R, R3, R4, and X, are defined as in claim 1;
r is an integer between 2 and 4; and
D, when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C2-C16 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms, hydroxy-substitued C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, -CH2CH(OH)CH2O-R15-OCH2CH(OH) CH2-, -CO-R16-CO-, -CO-NH-
R17-NH-CO-, -(CH2)s-COO-R18-OCO-(CH2)s- a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of
the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mmCnnH2nn-B1-CO-CH(R21)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO- (XXIV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl,
R22 is halogen or -O-R23,
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, aryl, or aryl-C1-C4alkyl,
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl,
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-C12 cydoalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl- C1-C4
alkyl,
R26 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl,
R27 is hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C18 alkoxy, halogen or aryl-C1-C4
alkyl,
R28 and R29 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6
alkenyl, or C1-C18 alkoxy,
or halogen;
R30 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or CN,
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl,
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16,
mm is an integer from 2 to 60,
nn is an integer from 2 to 6,
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
when r is 3, D is

and when r is 4, D is

wherein R19 is C3-C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl; and
s is 1-6;
R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene, phenylene,
naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or phenylene-XX-phenylene
wherein XX is -O-, -S-, -SO2-, -CH2-, or -C(CH3)2-;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene, phenylene,
naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene provided that when r is 3 the
alkenylene has at least 3 carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene,
methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15 alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms.
7. A compound of formula (IV):

wherein
R,R3, and R4, are defined as ion claim 1;
L is a hydrogen,
hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl_, -O(functional
hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -N(functional hydrocarbyl)
(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl)-,-
SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional hydrocarbyl),
SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -
CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl),
OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON(hydrocarbyl) (hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
wherein the term "functional hydrocarbyl" means a hydrocarbyl group possessing
pendant and/or terminal reactive and/or latent reactive functionality and/or
leaving groups.
r is an integer between 2 and 4; and
X', when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C2-C16 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, - CH2CH(OH)CH2O-R15-OCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CO-R16-CO-, -CO-NH-
R17-NH-CO-,-(CH2),-COO-R18-OCO-(CH2)S-
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mmCnnH2nn-B1-CO-CH(R21)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO- (XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl,
R22 is halogen or -O-R23,
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,, aryl, or aryl-C1-C4-alkyl,
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl,
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl -C1
-C4 alkyl,
R26 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl,
R27 is hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C1-C18 alkoxy, halogen or aryl-C1-C4
alkyl,
R28 and R29 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C3-C6
alkenyl, or C1-C18 alkoxy, or halogen;
R30 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CN,
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl,
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16,
mm is an integer from 2 to 60,
nn is an integer from 2 to 6,
u is an integer from 1 to 4
when r is 3, D is

and when r is 4, D is

wherein R19 is C3-C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl; and
s is 1-6;
R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene, phenylene,
naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or phenylene-XX-phenylene
wherein XX is -O-, -S-, -SO2-, -CH2-, or -C(CH3)2-;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene, phenylene,
naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene provided that when r is 3 the
alkenylene has at least 3 carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene,
ethylenediphenylene, or C4-C15 alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms.
8. The compound of formula (V):

wherein
X,R, and R3 are defined as in claim 1;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of straight chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon
atoms, branched chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon
atoms, alkyl substituted by cyclohexyl, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl, alkyl
substituted by phenylene, alkyl interrupted by phenylene, benzylidene, -S-, -S-S-,
-S-E-S-,-SO-,-SO2-, -SO-E-SO-, -SO2-E-SO2-, -CH2-NH-E-NH-CH2-, and

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms,
cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12
carbon atoms, alkyl terminated by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon atoms;
r is an integer between 2 and 4; and
L is selected from a hydrogen hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -
O(hydrocarbyl), -O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl),-
N(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional hydrocarbyl),
-SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -
CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl),
OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl) (functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups,
wherein the term "functional hydrocarbyl".
means a hydrocarbyl group possessing pendant and/or terminal reactive and/or
latent reactive functionality and/or leaving groups.
9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing
between 4 and 24 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen, each R is alkyl, and one of R3
and R4 is an alkyl group containing between 4 and about 24 carbon atoms while
the other is hydrogen.
10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing
between 4 and 24 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen, each R is alkyl and R3 and R4
are hydrogen.
11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X is independently selected from
hydrogen and a blocking group and L is independently selected from -
S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), and -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl).
12. A method of stabilizing a material which is subject to degradation by actinic
radiation by incorporating into said material an amount of an actinic radiation
stabilizer composition effective to stabilize the material against the effects of
actinic radiation, wherein the actinic radiation stabilizer composition comprises a
compound as set forth in claim 1.
13. A method of protecting a substrate against degradation by actinic radiation
by applying to the substrate a film containing an actinic radiation screening
composition in an amount effective to reduce the amount of actinic radiation
impinging on the substrate, wherein the actinic radiation screening composition
comprises a compound as set forth in claim 1.
14. A coating composition suitable for forming a film stabilized against
degradation by actinic radiation, comprising a film-forming binder composition
and an actinic radiation stabilizing amount of a stabilizer composition, wherein
the stabilizer composition comprises a compound as set forth in claim 1.
15. A method of stabilizing a material which is subject to degradation by actinic
radiation by incorporation into said material an amount of an actinic radiation
stabilizer composition effective to stabilize the material against the effects of
actinic radiation, wherein the actinic radiation stabilizer composition comprises a
compound as set forth in claim 1.
16. An actinic radiation stabilizing composition which comprises a binder and a
compound according to claim 1.
17. The compound of formula (XXXII):

wherein:
R is as defined in claim 1; and
Hal is bromine, chlorine or iodine.
This invention relates generally to para-tertiary alkyl
phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines and the use
thereof to protect against degradation by environmental
forces, inclusive of ultraviolet light, actinic radiation,
oxidation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants and combinations
thereof. The new class of para-tertiary alkyl phenyl
substituted pyrimidines and triazines includes two tertiary
alkylated phenyl groups, and a resorcinol or substituted
resocinol group attached to the triazine or pyrimidine ring.
These materials may, under the appropriate circumstances, be
bonded to formulations comprising coatings, polymers, resins,
organic compounds and the like via reaction of the bondable
functionality with the materials of the formulation. A
method for stabilizing a material by incorporating such para-tertiary
alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines
is also disclosed.

Documents:


Patent Number 225227
Indian Patent Application Number IN/PCT/2001/00009/KOL
PG Journal Number 45/2008
Publication Date 07-Nov-2008
Grant Date 05-Nov-2008
Date of Filing 01-Jan-2001
Name of Patentee CYTEC TECHNOLOGY CORP. ,
Applicant Address 300 DELAWARE AVENUE, WILMINGTON, STATE OF DELAWARE
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 GUPTA RAM B UNIT 6, 511 WEST MAIN STREET, STAMFORD, CT 06902
2 JAKIELA DENNIS, J 486 GRACE TRAIL, ORANGE, CT 06902
PCT International Classification Number C07D 251/24
PCT International Application Number PCT/US99/13825
PCT International Filing date 1999-06-18
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/090,247 1998-06-22 U.S.A.