Title of Invention	BIODEGRADABLE MULTI-LAYERED COMPOSITE PACKAGING MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Abstract	ABSTRACT PACKAGING MATERIALS A biodegradable packaging material and methods of manufacturing the same are provided in which a biodegradable substrate and a biodegradable polymer film are laminated together without the use of an adhesive interlayer. The film may be made of material that is soluble in water or which swells when exposed to moisture and is biodegradable. Off-line methods employing preformed substrates and films are disclosed as well as on-line methods in which the film is formed on a liner prior to the laminating process or is extruded onto the substrate.

Title of Invention

BIODEGRADABLE MULTI-LAYERED COMPOSITE PACKAGING MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Abstract

ABSTRACT PACKAGING MATERIALS A biodegradable packaging material and methods of manufacturing the same are provided in which a biodegradable substrate and a biodegradable polymer film are laminated together without the use of an adhesive interlayer. The film may be made of material that is soluble in water or which swells when exposed to moisture and is biodegradable. Off-line methods employing preformed substrates and films are disclosed as well as on-line methods in which the film is formed on a liner prior to the laminating process or is extruded onto the substrate.

Full Text	FORM-2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENTS RULES, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See Section 10 AND RULE 13) 1. TITLE OF INVENTION Biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging materials and methods for manufacturing the same 2. Applicant(s) (a) Name: Patel Shilpan Pravinchandra (b) Nationality: Indian (c) Address: 5-D, Laxmi Industrial Estate, New Link Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400053, Maharashtra State, India. 3. Preamble to the description: The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. This invention relates to biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging materials and to methods for manufacturing the same. Background of the Invention Various packaging products are known wherein biodegradable materials such as paper, jute or naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic Toils are laminated with non biodegradable petro-plastics to achieve properties like high strength, heat sealing and/or to control unwanted fibres, foreign particles or surface impurities to come in contact with the packed goods, particularly edible goods. For example, extrusion coating of polyethylene is done on paper to enable heat sealing during the process of packaging or manufacture of pouches and polyethylene lamination is done to Hessian or Jute fabric to ensure that no fibres or foreign particles get mixed with the packed edible material. A disadvantage of these laminations is they turn the naturally biodegradable materials non degradable. One solution propagated through the industry is to laminate biodegradable substrates such as paper with biodegradable PLA (poly lactic acid) or PHA (polyhydroxy alkanoate) layers by processes such as coextrusion with an adhesive polymer to avoid delamination. But there are certain limitations to the PLA and PHA coatings i.e. the cost is very high, the sealing properties are not that good and also the lamination method with adhesive requires expensive processes which add to the final cost of the multi-layered biodegradable product. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-layered biodegradable composite packaging material and method of manufacturing same that overcomes or at least mitigates some or all of the problems and disadvantages of existing packaging materials and methods of manufacture. Statement of invention According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of a biodegradable substrate layer and a biodegradable film uniformly well adhered at least on one side of the said substrate without using any adhesive) Combining two biodegradable materials as per the invention can give better properties in strength, smoothness and bioderadability without sacrificing inherent properties of heat sealing and down stream conversion. The end product will be a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material, which shall be beneficial to the society. The invention has application to various types of substrates while retaining stretchability of the substrate and elasticity of the biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and simultaneously enhancing the physical characteristics like tensile, tear, puncture resistance, burst factor, and breaking strength of the resulting biodegradable packaging-material. The biodegradable substrate layer is preferably formed of biodegradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. Alternatively, the biodegradable substrate layer may be formed of naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. The biodegradable film may be soluble in water, i.e. a water soluble film (WSF) or non soluble in water but swellable under moisture and biodegradable. The WSF may be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, or hot water soluble. The biodegradable film may be made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose t derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. The biodegradable film is alternatively a non soluble or non soluble partially hydrophilic film. A partially hydrophilic film may be made out of non hydrophilic materials, wherein atleast one side may be cast with a water soluble film material and dried, to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic, to enable lamination with a biodegradable substrate with the aid of water and the term non soluble hydrophilic film is to be construed accordingly to include all of these i.e. a non soluble hydrophilic film and a non soluble partially hydrophilic film cast with a water soluble film material atleast on one side to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic. The non soluble partially hydrophilic film is preferably made out of thermoplastic starch materials. The water soluble film material may be selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. The biodegradable substrate and biodegradable film may be combined by layering, coating, impregnating or laminating resulting into a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material with enhanced characteristics like strength and biodegradability. According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a liner at a primary casting head of a casting machine; (ii) semi-drying the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and feeding the said semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to nip rolls; (iii) passing a biodegradable substrate to the nip rolls for combining with the said semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film; (iv) passing the substrate and semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film through the nip rolls and storing the laminated substrate with water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film for an internal ageing period. According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) providing a hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and a preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with liner; (ii) wetting the substrate by passing it through a wetting tray containing water with or without a wetting agent; (iii) removing excess water from the substrate; (iv) applying the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to the wet substrate; (v) storing the laminate of biodegradable substrate with preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with or without liner for an internal ageing period. According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a non porous biodegradable substrate at a primary casting head; (ii) drying the laminate of non porous biodegradable substrate with cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film. According to a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) flat die extruding a desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film directly onto a biodegradable substrate; (ii) passing the extruded water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with biodegradable substrate through a chiller to cool the laminate of biodegradable substrate and extruded water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film. In the above-described methods the biodegradable substrate may be selected from natural biodegradable substrates made from materials like bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. Alternatively, the biodegradable substrate may be selected from naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. In the above described methods, where the substrates are hydrophilic these may be made from materials such as biodegradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp and the like and, where the substrates are non-porous these may be made from non porous paper or naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. In the above described methods, the biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film may be made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. In the above described methods, The biodegradable film is alternatively a non soluble partially hydrophilic film made out of thermoplastic starch materials, wherein atleast one side is cast with a water soluble film material and dried, to make the cast side hydrophilic, to enable lamination with a biodegradable substrate with the aid of water and the term non soluble hydrophilic film is to be construed accordingly to include all of these i.e. a non soluble hydrophilic film and a non soluble partially hydrophilic film coated/cast with a water soluble material atleast on one side to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic. In the above described methods, the non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made out of thermoplastic starch materials. In the above described methods, the water soluble film material for casting on non soluble partially hydrophilic film may be selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig 1. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to an embodiment of this invention, Fig 2. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to another embodiment of this invention, Fig 3. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to a further embodiment of this invention, Fig 4. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to a further embodiment of this invention Referring to fig.l, illustrating the process of laminating a biodegradable substrate to a biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film comprising the following steps: I. Placing a liner (1), for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film, on an unwinder (2) of a casting machine. The liner (1) is optionally treated or untreated and coated or uncoated. The liner can be of paper, film, foil or fabric, preferably of film, more preferably of polyester film. The film thickness ranges from 3 microns to 500 microns, preferably from 10 microns to 300 microns, more preferably from 25 microns to 100 microns. The film liner may be plain, metallised, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated, laminated or release coated depending on the desired characteristics of the end product. Paper liner is also used for production of WSF. Paper liner that accept temperatures needed for the production of WSF and have thickness ranging from 7 GSM (grams per sq meter -the standard for measuring weight of paper) to 500 GSM, preferably from 20 GSM to 300 GSM, more preferably from 60 GSM to 180 GSM can be used. The paper liner may be plain, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated laminated or release coated depending on the desired characteristics of the end product. Fabrics made of cotton or synthetic yarns, solution coated, plain, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated or laminated may be used as liner based on the desired end product properties. However, these liners are by no means limiting. II. Placing the biodegradable substrate (3), on another unwinder (4) of the casting machine, wherein the said biodegradable substrate is selected from natural substrates made from bio¬degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp and naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. However, these bio-degradable materials are by no means limiting. III. Unwinding of the liner (1) at unwinder (2) for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on it by using known formulation of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film in a batch reactor (5), at the primary casting head (6). The temperature of the batch solution ranges from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C. The raw materials used for making the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, these raw materials are by no means limiting. The water soluble films can be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water soluble or non soluble depending upon the formulation. IV. Metering of the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film at the primary casting head (6). V. Passing water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the above step IV through an air blower section (7) with or without applying heat, for semi-drying. The temperature in the blower section ranges from 10°C to 140°C, preferably from 30°C to 100°C, more preferably from 40°C to 90°C. The temperature in the blower section will be dependent upon the web speed. VI. Unwinding the biodegradable substrate (3) from the unwinder (4) and guiding it through the guide rolls (8) to combine with the semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the step V by passing through the nip roll (9). VII. Rewinding the laminate on a rewinder (10) and storing for internal ageing period ranging from 1 hour to 720 hours, preferably 10 hours to 360 hours, more preferably from 24 hours to 100 hours. VIII. Detaching the liner and slitting/cutting as per requirement. Now referring to fig.2, illustrating the process of laminating a biodegradable substrate to a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film comprising the following steps: I. Unwinding the hydrophilic biodegradable substrate (11) from the unwinder (12). The said hydrophilic biodegradable substrate is selected from natural substrates made from bio¬degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp or the like. II. Passing the hydrophilic biodegradable substrate through a wetting process by dipping in the wetting tray (15) consisting water with or without a wetting agent. The wetting agent is selected from anionic based surfactants (based on sulfonate anions or carboxylate anions), fatty acid salts, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and other alkyl sulfate salts; cationic based surfactants such as cetyl pyridinium chloride; ampholytic surfactants like dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide; nonionic surfactants like alkyl polyethylene oxide, alkyl polyglucosides and fatty alcohols. However, these wetting agents mentioned here are by no means limiting. The amount of wetting agent in the water ranges from 0.5% to 10% by wt, preferably from 1% to 5% by wt, more preferably from 2% to 3% by wt. III. Passing the wet dipped hydrophilic biodegradable substrate in between two squeeze rollers (16) so as to squeeze the excess water with or without a wetting agent, back into the wetting tray (15). The pressure between two squeeze rolls responsible for control of the moisture in the hydrophylic substrate can be between 1Psi to 25 Psi, preferably 3 Psi to 20 Psi, more preferably between 4 Psi to 9 Psi. The pressure can be adjusted as per the liquid pickup by the substrate. IV. Unwinding the preformed watef soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (13) with or without the liner from the unwinder (14). The water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made from raw materials as described above. Here, a non soluble partially hydrophilic film cast with water soluble film material(s) atleast on one side can also be used. The non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made out of thermoplastic starch materials. The water soluble film material(s) are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, theses are by no means limiting. The water soluble film material is cast on a non soluble partially hydrophilic film by passing it through the casting head and dried at a temperature ranging from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from 100°C to 150°C. This cast non soluble partially hydrophilic film is rewound and stored for further using it as a preformed non soluble hydrophilic for the purpose of this invention. For the purpose of this invention non soluble partially hydrophilic film may be used without a liner. V. Passing the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and the wet hydrophilic biodegradable substrate through the respective affixing guide rollers (19 & 17). VI. Affixing of the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with the wet hydrophilic biodegradable substrate at the affixing rollers (18 & 20). VII. Optionally drying the laminate from step VI by passing through a set of dryers (21). The temperature in the dryers ranges from10°C to 100°C, preferably from 30°C to 70°C, more preferably from 30°C to 50°C. VIII. Rewinding the laminate with or without the liner at the rewinder (22). The liner can be stripped immediately or after aging period of around 1 to around 720 hours. IX. Slitting/cutting the laminate as per requirement. Now referring to fig.3, illustrating the process of casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film formulation on a biodegradable substrate comprising the following steps: I. Placing a non-porous biodegradable substrate (23) such as naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil; non porous paper and the like on an unwinder (24) of a casting machine. II. Unwinding the biodegradable substrate (23) at unwinder (24) for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film by using known formulation of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film in a batch reactor (5), at the primary casting head (6). The temperature of the batch solution ranges from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C. The raw materials used for making the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, these raw materials are by no means limiting. The water soluble films can be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water soluble or non soluble depending upon the formulation. III. Metering of the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film cast on a biodegradable substrate at the primary casting head (6). IV. Passing through a dryer section (25), for drying the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the above step V. The temperature in the drying section ranges from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from 100°C to 150°C. V. Rewinding the laminate with or without the liner at the rewinder (22). VI. Slitting/cutting the laminate as per requirement. Now referring to fig.4, illustrating the process of flat-die extrusion of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a biodegradable substrate comprising the following steps: I. Load a roll of biodegradable substrate (23) on a flat-die extruder. II. Extruding the desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film directly through the extruder (27) onto the biodegradable substrate (23). III. Passing the construction from step II through chilling cylinder(s) (28). IV. Rewinding the laminate at rewinder (30) by passing through the guide roll (29). Examples: A water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film was laminated with a biodegradable substrate such as crepe paper, the strength of the laminate increased as compared to the biodegradable substrate. In this example of a crepe paper (110 GSM with 40% crepe) laminated to a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film of 25 GSM. The data comparison of the tensile strength test between crepe paper and crepe paper + water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film laminate, done on a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (from International Equipments), is as below: This invention also creates a range of options to use combinations of lower GSM of paper by tailoring the percentage of creping for specified end use applications. The various embodiments of the invention therefore provides for the use of combining biodegradable materials taking advantage of the best characteristics of the combining materials resulting in novel "high-performance multi-layered biodegradable composite materials". In a non-limiting example as in case of crepe paper one can use a 50-gsm paper and with 40 % crepe stretch with layering/lamination/coating/impregnating of 25 GSM of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to result in a "multi-layered biodegradable composite material" that is equivalent to a material of about 110 GSM of Kraft paper. Such new "multi-layered biodegradable composite materials" would result in the use of less weight of the packaging material saving in freight, give higher yield of packaging material per kilo of raw material used, etc. In another example, a laminate as shown in fig. 5 was produced consisting layers of paper (31), water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (32), aluminium foil (33) and another water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (34) laminated together as per the methods mentioned above. This laminate can be used for packaging various liquids such as milk, juices, etc, with non soluble biodegradable film in contact with the liquid. In yet another example, jute or hessian fabric is layered/laminated/coated/impregnated with a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film so that cement or other fine powdered material will not go waste due to seepage. This laminate can also be used for packing various food products such as sugar so that the fibres or unwanted particles will not get mixed with the edible material. The laminate will have an added advantage of better heat sealing, which was not possible if only jute or hessian fabric was used to make bags. The multi-layered biodegradable composite materials thus produced are most suited for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, a wide range of packaging materials like grocery sacks, box inter-liner, retail pouches, shopping bags etc. Biodegradability Test: Following laminated materials were placed in the mature compost for time scale of 6 months as specified under EN 13432 standard. 1. PE + crepe paper laminate 2. PE + Aluminium foil laminate 3. water soluble film + Crepe paper laminate 4. non soluble hydrophilic film + Aluminium foil laminate After 6 months it was observed that the water soluble film + Crepe paper laminate had almost disintegrated completely. After thoroughly observing the non soluble hydrophilic film + Aluminium foil laminate, it was observed that the non soluble hydrophilic film had disintegrated thoroughly while the aluminium foil had started corroding. The PE + crepe paper laminate and PE + Aluminium foil laminate did not disintegrate thoroughly as some parts of the laminates could be seen in the compost. We Claim: 1. A degradable multilayered composite packaging material comprising of substrate layer and a biodegradable film adhered atleast on one side of the said substrate without using any adhesive; wherein,, a. the said substrate is a degradable material that is a metal foil or a sheet made out of a biodegradable material selected from the group comprising biodegradable fibers, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse. Wood pulp; b. the said biodegradable film is a water soluble / non-soluble totally or partially hydrophilic film wherein the said biodegradable film is cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water soluble or non soluble in water but swellable under moisture and biodegradable. 2. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said metal foil comprises an aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. 3. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made of one or more raw materials including Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. 4. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biodegradable film is a non soluble partially hydrophilic film, which may be cast with water soluble film materials at least on one side of the film. 5. The packaging material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the said non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made of thermoplastic starch materials. 6. The packaging material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water soluble film materials for casting on the non soluble partially hydrophilic film comprises one or more raw material including Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. 7. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said substrate and water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are combined by layering, coating, impregnating or laminating. 8. A method of manufacturing a multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least one of the material that is a biodegradable film and one or more of other being a film of a material that is biodegradable or degradable by corrosion, the said method comprising of the following steps: a. casting water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a liner at a primary casting head of a casting machine; b. semi-drying the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and feeding the said semi- dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to nip rolls; c. feeding a biodegradable substrate to the said nip rolls for combining with the said semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film ; d. passing the said substrate combined with semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film through nip rolls and storing the combined susbtrate and water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film for an internal ageing period 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the said cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is semi-dried with or without applying heat in a blower section having temperature ranging from 10°C to 140°C, preferably from 30°C to 100°C and more preferably from 40°C to 90°C. 10. A method of manufacturing multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claiml comprising at least one hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and one or more of a biodegradable totally or partially hydrophilic film, the said method comprising following steps: a. providing a hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and a preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with a liner; b. wetting the substrate by passing it through a wetting tray containing water with or without a wetting agent; c. removing excess water with or without wetting agent from the substrate; d. affixing the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with the said wet substrate; e. storing the laminate of biodegradable substrate with preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film for an internal ageing period. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the said wetting agent is selected from anionic based surfactants (based on sulfonate anions or carboxylate anions), fatty acid salts, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and other alkyl sulfate salts; cationic based surfactants such as cetyl pyridinium chloride; ampholytic surfactants like dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide; nonionic surfactants like alkyl polyethylene oxide, alkyl polyglucosides and fatty alcohols either alone or combinations thereof. 12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of wetting agent in water ranges from 0.5% to 10% by wt, preferably from 1% to 5% by wt, more preferably from 2% to 3% by wt. 13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the excess water is removed by passing the substrate through squeeze rollers kept under pressure to control the moisture in the substrate, the pressure between the squeeze rollers ranging from IPsi to 25 psi, preferably 3 psi to 20 psi, more preferably between 4 psi to 9 psi. 14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the laminate of wet substrate and preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is dried before storing for internal ageing by passing through a dryer section, the temperature in the dryer section ranging from10°C to 100°C, preferably from 30°C to 70°C, more preferably from 30°C to 50°C. 15. A method of manufacturing of multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least one biodegradable hydrophilic film and one or more of the other being biodegradable non-porous substrate, the said method comprising of the following steps: a. casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a non porous biodegradable substrate; b. drying the laminate of step (a) by passing it through a set of dryers, the temperature in the dryers ranging from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from 100°C to 150°C. 16. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 15, wherein the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is cast from a batch solution in a batch reactor having a temperature ranging from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C. 17. A method of manufacturing of multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least one material that is biodegradable and one or more of the other being biodegradable or degradable by corrosion, the said method comprising following steps: a. extruding a desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film onto a biodegradable substrate; b. passing the extruded water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with biodegradable substrate through a chiller. 18. The method as claimed in claim 8 or 10, wherein the said internal ageing period is ranging from 1 hour to 720 hours, preferably 10 hours to 360 hours, more preferably from 24 hours to 100 hours. 19. The method as claimed in claim 8,10 or 15, wherein the said liner is of paper, film, foil or fabric. 20. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the said biodegradable substrate is made from materials selected from the group comprising bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. 21. The method as claimed in claim 8, 15 or 17, wherein the said biodegradable substrate is made from naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils selected from the group comprising aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. 22. The method as claimed in claim 8,10, or 15, wherein the said substrate is selected from natural hydrophilic substrates made from materials selected from the group comprising bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. 23. The method as claimed in claim 8, 15 or 17, wherein the said substrate is selected from non porous substrates including non porous paper and naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils selected from the group of aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. 24. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the said water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. 25. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the biodegradable film is a non soluble partially hydrophilic film which may be cast with water soluble materials atleast on one side of the film. 26. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the said non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made of thermoplastic starch materials. 27. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the water soluble materials for casting on the non soluble partially hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. 28. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 further including the step of slitting/cutting the laminate prior to or after the internal ageing period. Dated 3rd day of March 2005 Patel Shilpan Pravinchandra Arrow Coated Products Ltd.

Full Text

FORM-2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 AND RULE 13)
1. TITLE OF INVENTION
Biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging materials and methods for
manufacturing the same
2. Applicant(s)
(a) Name: Patel Shilpan Pravinchandra
(b) Nationality: Indian
(c) Address: 5-D, Laxmi Industrial Estate,
New Link Road,
Andheri (West),
Mumbai-400053, Maharashtra State, India.
3. Preamble to the description:
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner
in which it is to be performed.

This invention relates to biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging materials and to
methods for manufacturing the same.
Background of the Invention
Various packaging products are known wherein biodegradable materials such as paper, jute or naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic Toils are laminated with non biodegradable petro-plastics to achieve properties like high strength, heat sealing and/or to control unwanted fibres, foreign particles or surface impurities to come in contact with the packed goods, particularly edible goods. For example, extrusion coating of polyethylene is done on paper to enable heat sealing during the process of packaging or manufacture of pouches and
polyethylene lamination is done to Hessian or Jute fabric to ensure that no fibres or foreign

particles get mixed with the packed edible material. A disadvantage of these laminations is they
turn the naturally biodegradable materials non degradable.
One solution propagated through the industry is to laminate biodegradable substrates such as paper with biodegradable PLA (poly lactic acid) or PHA (polyhydroxy alkanoate) layers by processes such as coextrusion with an adhesive polymer to avoid delamination. But there are certain limitations to the PLA and PHA coatings i.e. the cost is very high, the sealing properties are not that good and also the lamination method with adhesive requires expensive processes which add to the final cost of the multi-layered biodegradable product.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-layered biodegradable composite packaging material and method of manufacturing same that overcomes or at least mitigates some or all of the problems and disadvantages of existing packaging materials and methods of manufacture.
Statement of invention
According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of a biodegradable substrate layer and a biodegradable film uniformly well adhered at least on one side of the said substrate without using any adhesive)

Combining two biodegradable materials as per the invention can give better properties in strength, smoothness and bioderadability without sacrificing inherent properties of heat sealing and down stream conversion. The end product will be a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material, which shall be beneficial to the society.
The invention has application to various types of substrates while retaining stretchability of the substrate and elasticity of the biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and simultaneously enhancing the physical characteristics like tensile, tear, puncture resistance, burst factor, and breaking strength of the resulting biodegradable packaging-material.
The biodegradable substrate layer is preferably formed of biodegradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. Alternatively, the biodegradable substrate layer may be formed of naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.
The biodegradable film may be soluble in water, i.e. a water soluble film (WSF) or non soluble in water but swellable under moisture and biodegradable. The WSF may be cold water soluble,
warm water soluble, or hot water soluble.
The biodegradable film may be made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol
copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose
t
derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.

The biodegradable film is alternatively a non soluble or non soluble partially hydrophilic film. A partially hydrophilic film may be made out of non hydrophilic materials, wherein atleast one side may be cast with a water soluble film material and dried, to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic, to enable lamination with a biodegradable substrate with the aid of water and the term non soluble hydrophilic film is to be construed accordingly to include all of these i.e. a non soluble hydrophilic film and a non soluble partially hydrophilic film cast with a water soluble film material atleast on one side to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic.
The non soluble partially hydrophilic film is preferably made out of thermoplastic starch materials.
The water soluble film material may be selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
The biodegradable substrate and biodegradable film may be combined by layering, coating, impregnating or laminating resulting into a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material with enhanced characteristics like strength and biodegradability.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a liner at a primary casting head of
a casting machine; (ii) semi-drying the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and feeding the said semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to nip rolls;

(iii) passing a biodegradable substrate to the nip rolls for combining with the said semi-dried
water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film; (iv) passing the substrate and semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film through
the nip rolls and storing the laminated substrate with water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic
film for an internal ageing period.
According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) providing a hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and a preformed water soluble/non soluble
hydrophilic film with liner; (ii) wetting the substrate by passing it through a wetting tray containing water with or without a
wetting agent; (iii) removing excess water from the substrate;
(iv) applying the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to the wet substrate; (v) storing the laminate of biodegradable substrate with preformed water soluble/non soluble
hydrophilic film with or without liner for an internal ageing period.
According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a non porous biodegradable
substrate at a primary casting head; (ii) drying the laminate of non porous biodegradable substrate with cast water soluble/non
soluble hydrophilic film.
According to a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composite packaging material comprising of the following steps: (i) flat die extruding a desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film directly
onto a biodegradable substrate; (ii) passing the extruded water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with biodegradable
substrate through a chiller to cool the laminate of biodegradable substrate and extruded
water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film.

In the above-described methods the biodegradable substrate may be selected from natural biodegradable substrates made from materials like bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp. Alternatively, the biodegradable substrate may be selected from naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.
In the above described methods, where the substrates are hydrophilic these may be made from materials such as biodegradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp and the like and, where the substrates are non-porous these may be made from non porous paper or naturally corrosive and subsequently biodegradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.
In the above described methods, the biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film may be made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
In the above described methods, The biodegradable film is alternatively a non soluble partially hydrophilic film made out of thermoplastic starch materials, wherein atleast one side is cast with a water soluble film material and dried, to make the cast side hydrophilic, to enable lamination with a biodegradable substrate with the aid of water and the term non soluble hydrophilic film is to be construed accordingly to include all of these i.e. a non soluble hydrophilic film and a non soluble partially hydrophilic film coated/cast with a water soluble material atleast on one side to make the coated/cast side hydrophilic.

In the above described methods, the non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made out of thermoplastic starch materials.
In the above described methods, the water soluble film material for casting on non soluble partially hydrophilic film may be selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to

the accompanying drawings, wherein
Fig 1. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered
composites according to an embodiment of this invention,
Fig 2. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to another embodiment of this invention,
Fig 3. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to a further embodiment of this invention,
Fig 4. is a schematic block diagram for method of manufacturing biodegradable multi-layered composites according to a further embodiment of this invention
Referring to fig.l, illustrating the process of laminating a biodegradable substrate to a biodegradable water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film comprising the following steps:

I. Placing a liner (1), for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film, on an unwinder (2) of a casting machine. The liner (1) is optionally treated or untreated and coated or uncoated. The liner can be of paper, film, foil or fabric, preferably of film, more preferably of polyester film. The film thickness ranges from 3 microns to 500 microns, preferably from 10 microns to 300 microns, more preferably from 25 microns to 100 microns. The film liner may be plain, metallised, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated, laminated or release coated depending on the desired characteristics of the end product. Paper liner is also used for production of WSF. Paper liner that accept temperatures needed for the production of WSF and have thickness ranging from 7 GSM (grams per sq meter -the standard for measuring weight of paper) to 500 GSM, preferably from 20 GSM to 300 GSM, more preferably from 60 GSM to 180 GSM can be used. The paper liner may be plain, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated laminated or release coated depending on the desired characteristics of the end product. Fabrics made of cotton or synthetic yarns, solution coated, plain, embossed, gloss, matt, extrusion coated or laminated may be used as liner based on the desired end product properties. However, these liners are by no means limiting.
II. Placing the biodegradable substrate (3), on another unwinder (4) of the casting machine, wherein the said biodegradable substrate is selected from natural substrates made from bio¬degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp and naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil. However, these bio-degradable materials are by no means limiting.
III. Unwinding of the liner (1) at unwinder (2) for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on it by using known formulation of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film in a batch reactor (5), at the primary casting head (6). The temperature of the batch solution ranges from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C.
The raw materials used for making the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol,

polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, these raw materials are by no means limiting. The water soluble films can be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water soluble or non soluble depending upon the formulation.
IV. Metering of the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film at the primary casting head (6).
V. Passing water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the above step IV through an air blower section (7) with or without applying heat, for semi-drying. The temperature in the blower section ranges from 10°C to 140°C, preferably from 30°C to 100°C, more preferably from 40°C to 90°C. The temperature in the blower section will be dependent upon the web speed.
VI. Unwinding the biodegradable substrate (3) from the unwinder (4) and guiding it through the guide rolls (8) to combine with the semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the step V by passing through the nip roll (9).
VII. Rewinding the laminate on a rewinder (10) and storing for internal ageing period ranging from 1 hour to 720 hours, preferably 10 hours to 360 hours, more preferably from 24 hours to 100 hours.
VIII. Detaching the liner and slitting/cutting as per requirement.
Now referring to fig.2, illustrating the process of laminating a biodegradable substrate to a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film comprising the following steps:
I. Unwinding the hydrophilic biodegradable substrate (11) from the unwinder (12). The said hydrophilic biodegradable substrate is selected from natural substrates made from bio¬degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp or the like.
II. Passing the hydrophilic biodegradable substrate through a wetting process by dipping in the wetting tray (15) consisting water with or without a wetting agent.

The wetting agent is selected from anionic based surfactants (based on sulfonate anions or carboxylate anions), fatty acid salts, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and other alkyl sulfate salts; cationic based surfactants such as cetyl pyridinium chloride; ampholytic surfactants like dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide; nonionic surfactants like alkyl polyethylene oxide, alkyl polyglucosides and fatty alcohols. However, these wetting agents mentioned here are by no means limiting. The amount of wetting agent in the water ranges from 0.5% to 10% by wt, preferably from 1% to 5% by wt, more preferably from 2% to 3% by wt.
III. Passing the wet dipped hydrophilic biodegradable substrate in between two squeeze rollers (16) so as to squeeze the excess water with or without a wetting agent, back into the wetting tray (15). The pressure between two squeeze rolls responsible for control of the moisture in the hydrophylic substrate can be between 1Psi to 25 Psi, preferably 3 Psi to 20 Psi, more preferably between 4 Psi to 9 Psi. The pressure can be adjusted as per the liquid pickup by the substrate.
IV. Unwinding the preformed watef soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (13) with or without the liner from the unwinder (14). The water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made from raw materials as described above. Here, a non soluble partially hydrophilic film cast with water soluble film material(s) atleast on one side can also be used. The non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made out of thermoplastic starch materials. The water soluble film material(s) are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, theses are by no means limiting.
The water soluble film material is cast on a non soluble partially hydrophilic film by passing it through the casting head and dried at a temperature ranging from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from 100°C to 150°C. This cast non soluble

partially hydrophilic film is rewound and stored for further using it as a preformed non soluble hydrophilic for the purpose of this invention. For the purpose of this invention non soluble partially hydrophilic film may be used without a liner.
V. Passing the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and the wet hydrophilic biodegradable substrate through the respective affixing guide rollers (19 & 17).
VI. Affixing of the preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with the wet hydrophilic biodegradable substrate at the affixing rollers (18 & 20).
VII. Optionally drying the laminate from step VI by passing through a set of dryers (21). The temperature in the dryers ranges from10°C to 100°C, preferably from 30°C to 70°C, more preferably from 30°C to 50°C.
VIII. Rewinding the laminate with or without the liner at the rewinder (22). The liner can be stripped immediately or after aging period of around 1 to around 720 hours.
IX. Slitting/cutting the laminate as per requirement.
Now referring to fig.3, illustrating the process of casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film formulation on a biodegradable substrate comprising the following steps:
I. Placing a non-porous biodegradable substrate (23) such as naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils like aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil; non porous paper and the like on an unwinder (24) of a casting machine.
II. Unwinding the biodegradable substrate (23) at unwinder (24) for casting of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film by using known formulation of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film in a batch reactor (5), at the primary casting head (6). The temperature of the batch solution ranges from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C.
The raw materials used for making the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and

dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof. However, these raw materials are by no means limiting. The water soluble films can be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water soluble or non soluble depending upon the formulation.
III. Metering of the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film cast on a biodegradable substrate at the primary casting head (6).
IV. Passing through a dryer section (25), for drying the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film from the above step V. The temperature in the drying section ranges from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from 100°C to 150°C.
V. Rewinding the laminate with or without the liner at the rewinder (22).
VI. Slitting/cutting the laminate as per requirement.
Now referring to fig.4, illustrating the process of flat-die extrusion of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a biodegradable substrate comprising the following steps:
I. Load a roll of biodegradable substrate (23) on a flat-die extruder.
II. Extruding the desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film directly through the extruder (27) onto the biodegradable substrate (23).
III. Passing the construction from step II through chilling cylinder(s) (28).
IV. Rewinding the laminate at rewinder (30) by passing through the guide roll (29).
Examples:
A water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film was laminated with a biodegradable substrate such as crepe paper, the strength of the laminate increased as compared to the biodegradable substrate. In this example of a crepe paper (110 GSM with 40% crepe) laminated to a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film of 25 GSM. The data comparison of the tensile strength test between crepe paper and crepe paper + water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film laminate, done on a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (from International Equipments), is as below:

This invention also creates a range of options to use combinations of lower GSM of paper by tailoring the percentage of creping for specified end use applications. The various embodiments of the invention therefore provides for the use of combining biodegradable materials taking advantage of the best characteristics of the combining materials resulting in novel "high-performance multi-layered biodegradable composite materials".
In a non-limiting example as in case of crepe paper one can use a 50-gsm paper and with 40 % crepe stretch with layering/lamination/coating/impregnating of 25 GSM of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to result in a "multi-layered biodegradable composite material" that is equivalent to a material of about 110 GSM of Kraft paper. Such new "multi-layered biodegradable composite materials" would result in the use of less weight of the packaging material saving in freight, give higher yield of packaging material per kilo of raw material used, etc.
In another example, a laminate as shown in fig. 5 was produced consisting layers of paper (31), water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (32), aluminium foil (33) and another water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film (34) laminated together as per the methods mentioned above. This laminate can be used for packaging various liquids such as milk, juices, etc, with non soluble biodegradable film in contact with the liquid.
In yet another example, jute or hessian fabric is layered/laminated/coated/impregnated with a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film so that cement or other fine powdered material will

not go waste due to seepage. This laminate can also be used for packing various food products such as sugar so that the fibres or unwanted particles will not get mixed with the edible material. The laminate will have an added advantage of better heat sealing, which was not possible if only jute or hessian fabric was used to make bags.
The multi-layered biodegradable composite materials thus produced are most suited for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, a wide range of packaging materials like grocery sacks, box inter-liner, retail pouches, shopping bags etc.
Biodegradability Test:
Following laminated materials were placed in the mature compost for time scale of 6 months as specified under EN 13432 standard.
1. PE + crepe paper laminate
2. PE + Aluminium foil laminate
3. water soluble film + Crepe paper laminate
4. non soluble hydrophilic film + Aluminium foil laminate
After 6 months it was observed that the water soluble film + Crepe paper laminate had almost disintegrated completely. After thoroughly observing the non soluble hydrophilic film + Aluminium foil laminate, it was observed that the non soluble hydrophilic film had disintegrated thoroughly while the aluminium foil had started corroding. The PE + crepe paper laminate and PE + Aluminium foil laminate did not disintegrate thoroughly as some parts of the laminates could be seen in the compost.

We Claim:
1. A degradable multilayered composite packaging material comprising of substrate layer and a
biodegradable film adhered atleast on one side of the said substrate without using any adhesive;
wherein,,
a. the said substrate is a degradable material that is a metal foil or a sheet made out of a
biodegradable material selected from the group comprising biodegradable fibers, fabric, pulps
like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse. Wood pulp;
b. the said biodegradable film is a water soluble / non-soluble totally or partially hydrophilic
film wherein the said biodegradable film is cold water soluble, warm water soluble, hot water
soluble or non soluble in water but swellable under moisture and biodegradable.
2. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said metal foil comprises an aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.
3. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made of one or more raw materials including Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
4. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biodegradable film is a non soluble partially hydrophilic film, which may be cast with water soluble film materials at least on one side of the film.
5. The packaging material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the said non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made of thermoplastic starch materials.

6. The packaging material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water soluble film materials for casting on the non soluble partially hydrophilic film comprises one or more raw material including Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
7. The packaging material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said substrate and water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film are combined by layering, coating, impregnating or laminating.
8. A method of manufacturing a multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least one of the material that is a biodegradable film and one or more of other being a film of a material that is biodegradable or degradable by corrosion, the said method comprising of the following steps:
a. casting water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a liner at a primary casting head of a
casting machine;
b. semi-drying the cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film and feeding the said semi-
dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film to nip rolls;
c. feeding a biodegradable substrate to the said nip rolls for combining with the said semi-dried
water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film ;
d. passing the said substrate combined with semi-dried water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic
film through nip rolls and storing the combined susbtrate and water soluble/non soluble
hydrophilic film for an internal ageing period
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the said cast water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is
semi-dried with or without applying heat in a blower section having temperature ranging from 10°C
to 140°C, preferably from 30°C to 100°C and more preferably from 40°C to 90°C.

10. A method of manufacturing multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claiml
comprising at least one hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and one or more of a biodegradable
totally or partially hydrophilic film, the said method comprising following steps:
a. providing a hydrophilic biodegradable substrate and a preformed water soluble/non soluble
hydrophilic film with a liner;
b. wetting the substrate by passing it through a wetting tray containing water with or without a
wetting agent;
c. removing excess water with or without wetting agent from the substrate;
d. affixing the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with the said wet substrate;
e. storing the laminate of biodegradable substrate with preformed water soluble/non soluble
hydrophilic film for an internal ageing period.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the said wetting agent is selected from anionic based surfactants (based on sulfonate anions or carboxylate anions), fatty acid salts, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and other alkyl sulfate salts; cationic based surfactants such as cetyl pyridinium chloride; ampholytic surfactants like dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide; nonionic surfactants like alkyl polyethylene oxide, alkyl polyglucosides and fatty alcohols either alone or combinations thereof.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of wetting agent in water ranges from 0.5% to 10% by wt, preferably from 1% to 5% by wt, more preferably from 2% to 3% by wt.
13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the excess water is removed by passing the substrate through squeeze rollers kept under pressure to control the moisture in the substrate, the pressure between the squeeze rollers ranging from IPsi to 25 psi, preferably 3 psi to 20 psi, more preferably between 4 psi to 9 psi.
14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the laminate of wet substrate and preformed water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is dried before storing for internal ageing by passing through a dryer section, the temperature in the dryer section ranging from10°C to 100°C, preferably from 30°C to 70°C, more preferably from 30°C to 50°C.

15. A method of manufacturing of multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in
claim 1 comprising at least one biodegradable hydrophilic film and one or more of the other being
biodegradable non-porous substrate, the said method comprising of the following steps:
a. casting a water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film on a non porous biodegradable substrate;
b. drying the laminate of step (a) by passing it through a set of dryers, the temperature in the
dryers ranging from 60°C to 200°C, preferably from 80°C to 175°C, more preferably from
100°C to 150°C.
16. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 15, wherein the water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is cast from a batch solution in a batch reactor having a temperature ranging from 10°C to 95°C, preferably from 20°C to 85°C, more preferably from 25°C to 70°C.
17. A method of manufacturing of multi-layered composite packaging material as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least one material that is biodegradable and one or more of the other being biodegradable or degradable by corrosion, the said method comprising following steps:
a. extruding a desired thickness of water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film onto a
biodegradable substrate;
b. passing the extruded water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film with biodegradable substrate
through a chiller.
18. The method as claimed in claim 8 or 10, wherein the said internal ageing period is ranging from 1 hour to 720 hours, preferably 10 hours to 360 hours, more preferably from 24 hours to 100 hours.
19. The method as claimed in claim 8,10 or 15, wherein the said liner is of paper, film, foil or fabric.
20. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the said biodegradable substrate is made from materials selected from the group comprising bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp.
21. The method as claimed in claim 8, 15 or 17, wherein the said biodegradable substrate is made from naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils selected from the group comprising aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.

22. The method as claimed in claim 8,10, or 15, wherein the said substrate is selected from natural hydrophilic substrates made from materials selected from the group comprising bio-degradable fibres, fabric, pulps like cotton, jute, hemp, baggasse, wood pulp.
23. The method as claimed in claim 8, 15 or 17, wherein the said substrate is selected from non porous substrates including non porous paper and naturally corrosive and subsequently bio-degradable metallic foils selected from the group of aluminium foil, brass foil, copper foil, tin foil, steel foil and zinc foil.
24. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the said water soluble/non soluble hydrophilic film is made of raw materials selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum Arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
25. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 wherein the biodegradable film is a non soluble partially hydrophilic film which may be cast with water soluble materials atleast on one side of the film.
26. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the said non soluble partially hydrophilic film is made of thermoplastic starch materials.
27. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the water soluble materials for casting on the non soluble partially hydrophilic film are selected from Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer ionomers, Polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, non - ionomeric poly vinyl alcohol polymer, Polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alchohol, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, proteinaceous binders such as gelatin, modified gelatins such as phthaloyl gelatin, polysaccharides such as starch, gum arabic, pullulan and dextrin and water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl

methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose either alone or combinations thereof.
28. The method as claimed in claim 8, 10, 15 or 17 further including the step of slitting/cutting the laminate prior to or after the internal ageing period.
Dated 3rd day of March 2005
Patel Shilpan Pravinchandra Arrow Coated Products Ltd.

Documents:

244-mum-2005-abstract (complete).doc

244-mum-2005-abstract (complete).pdf

244-MUM-2005-ABSTRACT(08-10-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-abstract(3-2-2006).doc

244-mum-2005-abstract(3-2-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-claims (complete).doc

244-mum-2005-claims (complete).pdf

244-MUM-2005-CLAIMS(3-2-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-claims(granted)-(3-2-2006).doc

244-mum-2005-claims(granted)-(3-2-2006).pdf

244-MUM-2005-CORRESPONDENCE(08-10-2008).pdf

244-MUM-2005-CORRESPONDENCE(23-9-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence(ipo)-(7-11-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence-received-ver-02032006.pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence-received-ver-09062006.pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence-received.pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence1(8-10-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-correspondence2(9-6-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-description (complete).pdf

244-mum-2005-description (provisional).pdf

244-MUM-2005-DESCRIPTION(COMPLETE)-(3-2-2006).pdf

244-MUM-2005-DRAWING(3-2-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-drawings.pdf

244-mum-2005-form 1(3-3-2005).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 13(23-9-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 18(21-8-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 2(3-2-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 2(granted)-(3-2-2006).doc

244-mum-2005-form 2(granted)-(3-2-2006).pdf

244-MUM-2005-FORM 2(TITLE PAGE)-(3-2-2006).pdf

244-MUM-2005-FORM 3(08-10-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 3(3-3-2005).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 3(8-10-2008).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 3(9-6-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-form 5(3-2-2006).pdf

244-mum-2005-form-1.pdf

244-mum-2005-form-2 (complete).doc

244-mum-2005-form-2 (complete).pdf

244-mum-2005-form-2 (provisional).doc

244-mum-2005-form-2 (provisional).pdf

244-mum-2005-form-3.pdf

244-mum-2005-form-5.pdf

244-mum-2005-form-pct-ipea-409(3-3-2005).pdf

244-mum-2005-form-pct-ipea-409.pdf

244-mum-2005-other documents(8-10-2008).pdf

244-MUM-2005-PATENT DOCUMENT(08-10-2008).pdf

244-MUM-2005-PETITION UNDER RULE 137(08-10-2008).pdf

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Patent Number

225309

Indian Patent Application Number

244/MUM/2005

PG Journal Number

07/2009

Publication Date

13-Feb-2009

Grant Date

07-Nov-2008

Date of Filing

03-Mar-2005

Name of Patentee

PATEL SHILPAN PRAVINCHANDRA

Applicant Address

ARROW COATED PRODUCTS LTD 5-D LAXMI INDUSTRIAL ESTATE NEW LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (WEST), MUMBAI - 400053, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	PATEL SHILPAN PRAVINCHANDRA	ARROW COATED PRODUCTS LTD 5-D LAXMI INDUSTRIAL ESTATE NEW LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (WEST), MUMBAI - 400053, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA.

PCT International Classification Number

G06F 9/38

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA