Title of Invention	SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS, FAULTS AND UNAUTHORIZED WITHDRAWAL OR THEFT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ON POWER LINES OR POWER FEEDER; AUTOMATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION.
Abstract	This invention consists of a basic system j (BS), (Fig. 1 - 12) an enhanced system (ES) (Fig. 13 - 17a) and a further enhanced system (FES) (Fig. 17b - 19) for radial and ring feeder comprising of electronic circuit(s) and signal wire(s) traversing along the power line(s)/ feeder. The method and system(s) detect and prevent the occurrence of following type of event(s) on the transmission and distribution system: • unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power • faults on feeders • accidents due to electrical power feeders The method(s) and the system(s) are applicable to low tension or high tension electrical power feeders. Also, they are applicable to single phase or three phase power feeders or a combination thereof. The ES and FES has additional capability over BS for distribution system automation and transmit to subscriber the tariff, billing, account information, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on subscriber end of the feeder.

Title of Invention

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS, FAULTS AND UNAUTHORIZED WITHDRAWAL OR THEFT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ON POWER LINES OR POWER FEEDER; AUTOMATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION.

Abstract

This invention consists of a basic system j (BS), (Fig. 1 - 12) an enhanced system (ES) (Fig. 13 - 17a) and a further enhanced system (FES) (Fig. 17b - 19) for radial and ring feeder comprising of electronic circuit(s) and signal wire(s) traversing along the power line(s)/ feeder. The method and system(s) detect and prevent the occurrence of following type of event(s) on the transmission and distribution system: • unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power • faults on feeders • accidents due to electrical power feeders The method(s) and the system(s) are applicable to low tension or high tension electrical power feeders. Also, they are applicable to single phase or three phase power feeders or a combination thereof. The ES and FES has additional capability over BS for distribution system automation and transmit to subscriber the tariff, billing, account information, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on subscriber end of the feeder.

Full Text	4. DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to the field of electrical power supply feeders, detection and prevention of theft, faults and accidents thereof and distribution system automation. Prior art of Unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power from electrical feeder: The prevalent system is unable to stop this menace because it is difficult to detect from substation whether the withdrawal is authorized or unauthorized. Only an on-site physical examination of power feeder(s) or subscriber feeder(s) may help in detecting theft. Also, theft may occur at any time on any feeder. Prior art of Fault(s) on electrical feeder(s): In "single phase' feeder circuit line (L) to ground (G) fault can occur. In 'three phase' feeder circuit, L to G, L to L (LL), LL to G, LL to L (LLL), and LLL to G fault may occur. If any of these faults occurs, then an electrical fuse/ over current relay or circuit breaker at tlie feeder substation or at the distribution transformer will operate and will disrupt the supply of the complete feeder. The operating point of these fuse units or that of over current relay is usually much higher than the rated load current usually 1 50 to 200%. Prior art of Accidents due to electrical power feeder(s): Many a times accidents due to overhead electrical power feeder occurs due to following reasons: (i) The body of a bird sitting on live electrical power feeder phase wire/conductor touches neutral/ ground / another phase wire/conductor, (ii) The body of a bird sitting on live electrical power feeder phase wire/conductor touches body of another bird sitting on neutral/ ground / i another phase wire/conductor, (iii) The maintenance personnel doing routine maintenance job touches a live phase wire while his body is grounded or touching neutral/ another phase wire. (iv) During storms etc., when any live feeder wire breaks and fall on ground, any human being or animal etc. touching it may die due to electric shock etc. Prior art of distribution system automation: Distribution system automation has been done in some countries using power line communication. Due to switching disturbances on power line, the range of such a communication is limited to lew hundred meters. Also due to low impedance on power line, the power line modem consumes large power for communication of signals on power lines. Summary of Invention: The present invention provides a system and method for detection, prevention of accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on power lines or power feeders and automation of electrical power distribution system. Brief description of the drawing: FIG. 1 shows block diagram of radial feeder with 'three phase' and 'single phase' evaluation units and signals units and their respective connections FIG. 2 shows modular connectors for 'three phase' and 'single phase' signal units and evaluation unit FIG.3 shows detailed block diagram of'Three phase' system with signal and evaluation unit and with theft events FIG.4 shows detailed circuit diagram of'three phase' system with signal and evaluation units FIG.5 shows detailed block diagram of 'Single phase' system with signal and evaluation unit and theft event FIG.6 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'single phase' system with signal and evaluation units and theft event circuit. FIG.7 shows detailed circuit of 'three phase' evaluation unit with both 'three phase' i signal wire and 'single phase' signal wire connections FIG. 8 shows detailed circuit of 'three phase' evaluation unit with additional 'three phase' and 'single phase' signal connections. FIG 9 shows block diagram of 'three phase' ring feeder with evaluation and signal units. Fig. 10 shows detailed circuit diagram of master evaluation unit of 'three phase' ring feeder system. Fig. 11 shows detailed circuit diagram of system as applied to 'three phase' ring system with 'three phase' three wire theft. FIG. 12 shows detailed circuit diagram of system as applied to 'single phase' ring system. FIG. 13 shows detailed block diagram of "enhanced system' for radial feeder. FIG. 14 shows detailed block diagram of'enhanced system' for ring feeder. FIG. 15 shows block diagram for load management. FIG. 16 shows block diagram for load balancer. FIG. 17a and FIG. 17b shows block diagram for sending information to display unit at subscriber end in 'enhanced system' and 'further enhanced system' respectively. FIG. 18 shows detailed block diagram of 'further enhanced system' for radial feeder. FIG. 19 shows detailed block diagram of 'further enhanced system' for ring feeder. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments: Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the j particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. This invention consists of a 'basic system' (BS). an "enhanced system' (ES) and a j "further enhanced system" (FES). Basic System FIG. 1 shows block diagram of a radial feeder with "three phase' evaluation cum signal , units (El, E2, E3, E7, E8, E9 and E10), 'single phase' evaluation cum signal units (E4, E5. E6), 'three phase' signals units (3ØS), 'single phase' signal units (10S), 'three phase' signal inputs (3Ø, 3Øa, 3Øb, 3Øc,... 3Øn), "single phase' signal inputs (1Ø, 1Øa, 1Øb, 1Øc,... 1Øn) and their respective connections using signal wire. The 'single phase' signal inputs are further of three types as shown in the FIG.2. They are (R0a, RØb, RØc... RØn; YØa, YØb, YØc,.. Y0n; BØa, BØb, BØc,... BØn). While these "single phase' signal inputs connect the respective signal wire to the evaluation unit, the signal comes on signal wire with respect to respective phase feeder wire. Also, the "three phase' signal wire carries the signal from signal unit to evaluation unit with respect to a feeder wire (any phase wire or neutral; e.g. R phase wire has been taken in this system but it is not limited to R phase). The 'three phase' evaluation unit(s) has provision of'three phase' signal wire(s) input as well as 'single phase' signal wire(s) input, whereas 'single phase' evaluation units have provision of only "single phase' signal wire input. Also shown in FIG. 1 is a star-star transformer 67. However, the system holds good for a star-delta, delta-delta, delta-star transformer. In FIG. 1, two points of common coupling (PCC) are shown viz. 59 and 63. In 59, E2 is the main evaluation cum signal unit which in conjunction with E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7 protects 59 from occurrence of events of claim I. F.2 is receiving signals from evaluation cum signal units E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7. E3 is receiving signal from "three phase' signal unit which is embedded in energy meter of 'three phase' load 63. E3 protects feeder part 55 from occurrence of events of claim 1 in conjunction with 30S signal unit at 63. Similarly, E4, E5 and E6 are 'single phase' signal cum evaluation unit which are also receiving signal from 'single phase' signal units embedded in respective 'single phase' energy meters of loads at 64, 65 and 66 and protects feeder part 56, 57 and 58 in conjunction with respective signal units. El evaluation unit and E7 signal cum evaluation units are receiving signals from signal units in E2 and E8 and are protecting feeder part 54 and 60 respectively with their conjunction. At the second PC 63, protection against events is provided by E8 in conjunction with E9 and E10. Similarly, E9 and E10 protects feeder part 61 and 62 respectively in conjunction with signal units at the other end of respective feeder(s). Thus, in general the whole distribution system can be protected by the system. FIG. 2 shows modular connectors for signal and evaluation units of the system. The "single phase' signal unit and signal input to evaluation unit will each have only one such connector assembly (16 or 17 or 18 type) depending upon the phase of the feeder whose signal is to be transmitted. If phase R current signal is to be transmitted, then connector assembly 16 and 16M is used at both ends of the signal wire. Similarly, for Y and B phase, 17 and 18 type connector assemblies are used. The side view of the male connector is shown in 19. This shows that the lever at its head is required to be pressed for removing the male connector out of its female counterpart. Thus, this locking mechanism helps in avoiding any loose connections at site with changing weather conditions etc. The 'three phase' signal unit and signal input to evaluation unit will each be having connector assembly 15 and 15M type at both ends of its signal wire. The 'three phase' signal cum evaluation unit can cater to both 'single phase" and 'three phase' feeder protection like E2 in FIG. I. Thus, an array of such connector assemblies can be used in such evaluation units. Each connector assembly has different shape, such that one type of male connectors will not fit into the other type female units but only into its own type. The circuit behind a mixture of such connector assembly is shown in FIG. 7 and 8. FIG.3 shows 'three phase' radial feeder system with detailed block diagram of signal j unit 25 and that of evaluation unit 26 and with 'three phase' four wire theft 23a, 'single phase' theft 23b, 'three phase' three wire theft 23c (one type of events). As shown in this figure, 22 is a 'three phase' A.C. source feeding 'three phase' load 21. Thus, load 21 is authorized withdrawal of power. However, unauthorized withdrawal i.e. theft 23a j or 23b or 23c or a combination thereof may also take place. The load 21 is at subscriber's end and the signal unit 25 is embedded in subscriber's energy meter. The 'three phase' signal unit 25 consists of current sensor(s) 2a, triple I to V converter la . and triple input summer 3a and miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 7a and connector assembly 27a. The signal wire 24 is connected to signal unit and evaluation unit via connector assembly 27a and 27b respectively. The 'three phase' evaluation unit consists of current sensor unit 2b; Triple 1 to V converter, lb; quad input summer circuit 3b; 'single phase' full wave rectifier 20; comparator 4- opto-isotator 4b; controlled firing circuit 8; three triacs or controlled switches 6. The triple 1 to V converter la or lb consist of three 1 to V converters one each for each phase as shown in FIG. 4. The detailed circuit of la and lb is shown in FIG. 4 but is not limited to these. The quad input summer circuit consists of triple input summer circuit and a fourth input transmitted by 3a via signal wire. The output of 3a is proportional to (Equation Removed) where 1R, lY and In are currents in 'three phase' or line wires of its proximity feeder but is not limited to this combination of currents. Many such combinations are possible. This is one typical combination of phase or line currents 1R, IY and IB. R phase of the feeder has been used in these circuits to deliver the signal unit ground or datum to evaluation unit. Any other phase of the feeder or neutral wire can : also be used to deliver the ground or datum. The block 3b of evaluation unit will first generate a signal proportional to currents in its proximity feeder i.e. proportional lo (Equation Removed)and will then add it to the signal obtained from 3a. If any event as described in claim 1 is not occurring in the feeder part between the signal unit 25 and evaluation unit 26, then the output of 3b is zero approx. and not otherwise. The operational amplifiers in la, lb, 3a and 3b are given bipolar power supply so that the occurrence of the event in any half cycle is detected and prevented. The rectifier cum capacitor 20 will convert the signal into uni-polar (direct current) type and is then normally compared with zero voltage in comparator 4. If the feeder wire is having a long span or leakage current due to cable etc. exists, then the signal can be compared with some permissible voltage using the voltage divider circuit of 4a in FIG. 4. The circuit of 4a has two switches S1 and S2. In case there is no leakage current etc. and the permissible limit is zero, then switch SI can be turned ON and switch S2 can be turned OFF. In case due to any reason, a non-zero permissible limit exists, then SI can be turned OFF and S2 can be turned ON. Also, the lower resistance in the voltage divider circuit can be adjusted for moving the trip point of the comparator. If the currents at the ends of the feeder under consideration are different and hence the proportional signals as observed by signal unit and the evaluation unit of the system is more than the permissible limit due to occurrence of any of the events in claim 1 etc., output of comparator 4 will be high and zero otherwise (The comparator is given uni-polar power supply). The output of comparator is connected to an opto-isolator 4b. The transistor of opto-isolator turns ON when output of comparator is high and not otherwise. An ON transistor will not allow the capacitor of relaxation oscillator of 5 to charge and thus the controlled firing circuit will not give triggering pulses to Triacs and the controlled I switches will hence turn OFF or in other words the concerned feeder part and hence its dependent feeders will be thus de-energized. The firing angle of TRIAC(s) when in ON state is zero. The power supply for operational amplifiers etc. of evaluation unit is obtained from the part of feeder between the controlled switches and 'three phase' a.c. source. TRIAC is a normally OFF device and require triggering pulse to turn ON. i Instead of TRIAC(s), any other solid state bidirectional switch or a combination of unidirectional switch(es) or controlled 'Normally open' bilateral switch(es) or controlled 'Normally closed' bilateral switch(es) can be used. Accordingly, the driver/firing/triggering circuit after comparator will change. FIG.5 shows 'single phase' system with detailed block diagram of signal and evaluation unit with 'single phase' theft (event). FIG.6 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'single phase' system with signal and evaluation units and 'single phase' theft (event). The discussion of operation of these circuits is on the same lines as that of 'three phase' circuit, as discussed above except that the I-V converter consists of a single unit and generates a voltage signal proportional to the 'single phase' current of the feeder in proximity to the unit. The summer circuit has only two input signals, one generated by j 28a and second by 28b. FIG. 7 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'three phase' evaluation unit when a combination of one 'three phase' and one each 'single phase' signals are connected to evaluation unit. The collector(s) of the transistor(s) of opto-isolator are connected together and emitter(s) are also connected together to the capacitor of relaxation oscillator. If any event as specified in claim 1 occurs at the feeder protected by this evaluation unit, then the corresponding transistor(s) will turn ON and will stop firing pulses and hence de-energize the concerned feeder. FIG. 8 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'three phase' evaluation unit when a combination of two 'three phase' (30a, 30b) and two R phase (R0a, R0b) and one each other 'single phase' signals are connected to the evaluation unit. This requires addition of one more input connection at the summer of the respective 'three phase' or R phase circuit at 3bb and 35a respectively. Thus, the additional connections have been connected through a resistance to the respective summer operational amplifier as at 3bb or 35a respectively. Thus, any number of signals of 'three phase' or any "single phase' can be added to the 'three phase' evaluation unit by the addition of a module consisting of a male female connector assembly, an MCB and a resistance with connection to j summer circuit. This not only makes the design modular but also the additional modules are cheaper. FIG.9 shows block diagram of ring feeder with evaluation and signal units. The power is fed to the ring feeder via master evaluation unit (MEU). The MEU consists of bilateral controlled switches (Normally open or normally closed type). The state of these controlled switches decides whether the ring feeder and its dependent feeders will be energized or not. If the controlled switches are ON, then the ring feeder and its dependent feeders are energized and not otherwise. The MEU also has a high frequency 'signal source' whose signal flows through the signal wire and a ring feeder wire. The signal wire as shown in the figure. It starts from MEU, traverses along with the feeder conductor and returns back to the MEU. The ring feeder is divided into two different type of parts viz. part(s) without PCC and part(s) consisting of PCC. The first signal unit is in the MEU itself. As the signal wire has to carry two signals; viz signal from signal unit at a frequency same as that of power a.c. current and signal "from 'signal source' of high frequency. The flow of these signals is controlled by two type of filters viz. a) low pass filter (LPF) which allows signal from signal unit(s) to flow up to the signal input of evaluation unit(s) but prohibits the signal from signal source to pass through it, b) high pass filter (HPF) which allows signal from signal source to pass through it but prohibits signal from signal unit(s) Besides the LPF and HPF, the REU also has a 'normally closed' controlled switch in the path of signal wire carrying only high frequency signal. This controlled switch does not comes in the path of signal from signal unit. If any event as claimed in claim 1 occurs at the concerned feeder part, then the control unit in REU will turn OFF the controlled switch. This will not allow the high frequency signal from signal source to reach its destination in the MEU. As shown in FIG. 10, if the signal source signal does not reach rectifier 50 in MEU, its output will be zero and therefore the relaxation oscillator 51 will not be powered and therefore no firing pulses goes to TRIACs 53. Therefore, the ring feeder will be de-energized on the occurrence of any event as claimed in claim 1 and not otherwise. Instead of TRIACs at 53, any other type of controlled bilateral switches, relays etc. can also be connected and the driver circuit changed accordingly. The signal unit and evaluation unit in REU is similar to that of radial feeder in its design except the fact that the evaluation unit of REU is different only in the following respect: The output of comparator controls the state of controlled 'normally ON' bilateral switch in the path of high frequency signal. The radial feeders drawing power from ring feeder will have same system as discussed for radial feeders. FIG. 11 and 12 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'basic system' as applied to 'three phase' and 'single phase' ring system respectively without MCB, connector assembly and filter circuits. But, they too exist and have not been drawn in order to highlight the basic ring signal system. The resistances in the I to V converter circuit and summer circuit etc. has to be so chosen in consideration with current sensor ratio such that the operational amplifiers are able to process the signals without any attenuation taking place for all range of expected load current(s). Also the maximum signal level should be less than ten percent of maximum allowed by operational amplifiers. The gain of each filter circuit should be 1.0. Enhanced System The 'basic system' detects and prevents event(s) with a maximum time lag of half a cycle of supply. The severity of different events is different. For example, the system must be protected against severe event like fault(s). FIG. 13 and 14 shows detailed block diagram of 'enhanced system' as applied to radial and ring feeder respectively. These figures show distribution control unit (DCU), 95 communicating in wireless configuration to distribution management unit (DMU). The DCU can: a. Communicate with DMU(s) using wireless communication, analyze the data of power flow, voltage and current received from each DMU and respective PU(s). b. retrieve power, energy, harmonic, power factor, currents), voltage(s) readings of each authorized connection from DMU c. communicate with similar such unit(s) etc. and accept commands from similar such unit(s) etc.; d. report online theft at any PCC or on main and connection feeder without de-energizing the main or connection feeder, e. give commands to operate any controlled switch, f. perform load balancing at any PCC and load management at any bus, g. energize/ de-energize street light units, pumps, feeders etc. h. record and report events to maintenance personnel, i. multi tariff billing, on-line monitoring of power withdrawal by each subscriber, j. Display of the power distribution map of the subscribers) on computer display screens at DCU and different states of the system or a part thereof using graphical user interface (GUI) and its recording in computer database, k. Allotment of identification number to every subscriber, transformer, DMU, PU, MEU, REU and recording of the events as well as energy consumed, power flow against identification numbers. 1. Recording of power flow or load on different transformers and feeder wires at different times of years. The DMU can: a. receive, execute and transmit the commands received from distribution control unit, b. receive billing and tariff information from distribution control unit as well as processor based units on the feeder. c. sense currents) and voltage(s) in analog form and then convert them to digital form using multi-channel analog to digital converters), d. amount of power and energy transferred and the its duration and instant to/ from any neighboring utility e. calculate online power (active and reactive), energy delivered by transformer, power factor and harmonics injected by subscribers) at the transformer, f. control the switch(es) to energize or de-energize the feeder as per occurrence of any event or for maintenance or for load management or for load balancing g. retrieve and store current, voltage, power, energy, power factor readings status of circuit breaker(s) and transmit commands to units at the point(s) of common coupling on same feeder. DMU can sense the current (single arrow connectors) and voltage (double arrow connectors) from voltage and current sensing and control unit (VCSCU1) and can also perform load management using control signal(s) (CSn, n = 1,2,3...), as shown in detail in FIG. 15, if load on a particular transformer exceeds its capability. A processor unit (PUn, n = 1,2,3,...) is installed on each point of common coupling (PCC). The PU can: a. sense current(s) and voltage(s) in analog form from all authorized connections at point of common coupling and then converting them to digital form using multi-channel analog to digital converter, calculate online power (active and reactive), energy, power factor and harmonics injected by each authorized connection at the point of common coupling and storing in memory of PU placed on the point of common coupling(s) and then making them available to DMU such that the communication between the DMU and PU initialized by DMU with the help of wired modems with communication signals flowing on a live phase wire and a signal wire. b. control the energizing of the feeders fed from the point of common coupling for different conditions like normal, under voltage, over voltage etc. c. operating the controlled switches for feeder maintenance, load balancing, load management, VAR compensation capacitor banks, street light, pumps and reporting their status to DCU, d. store tariff information received from DMU and calculate and store billing and other account information of each subscriber being fed from PCC. e. event recording of circuit breaker operation etc. and their reporting to DCU f. transmit using signal and a phase wire between PCC and subscriber the tariff, billing, account information, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on subscriber end of the feeder. These PU(s) can sense voltage and current readings from incoming, outgoing as well as from subscriber's feeder connected to PCC. The PU(s) and DMU will control the 'normally open' (NO) controlled switches located in VCSCU1, VCSCU+EU+BU1, VCSCU+EU1, VCSCU3, VCSCU+EU+BU2, VCSCU+EU2, VCSCU5 and will sense voltage after these 'NO' switches in order to know the actual state of each switch. Also, as shown in FIG. 15, Feeder3 can be fed from transformer 116 or transformer 117 depending upon the state of NO3 and NO4 as per the status of control signals CS3 and CS4. As shown in Fig 13 and 14, the DMU will be observing the power flowing or loading of transformer from the sensor signals received from VCSCU1. As shown in FIG. 13, the 'NO' switches can be controlled by 'CS', therefore, all or any or any combination of the feeder(s) after DMU or respective PU can be de-energized due to occurrence of any event or for maintenance etc. without affecting the non-dependent feeders. The VCSCU+ evaluation unit (EU) + load balancer unit (BUI or 2), in the path of single phase feeder can be controlled by respective PU for load balancing as shown in detail in FIG. 16. In such a case, the single phase load can be connected to any one of the three phases (R or Y or B) or it can be disconnected for maintenance etc. as per the digital control output signals P and Q. The DMU will be polling the PU(s) and the information collected or calculated by respective PU about the concerned feeders can be retrieved by DMU and stored in its memory. This information can then be transmitted to Distribution control centre by the DMU. Both DMU and PU has on-board or on-chip an multi channel analog to digital converter (ADC) to convert sensed voltage and current to equivalent digital, real time clock (RTC) to record the date and time of event or readings of voltage, current and power and energy etc., digital input output (DIO) to give control signals to control units etc. Electrically erasable programmable read only memory to store energy readings of each subscriber, control signal(s) status etc., random access memory (RAM) to store current and voltage samples or partial results during calculations, modulator (MOD2 or MODI) and demodulator (DEMOD1 or DEMOD2) for duplex communication between DMU and PU. The BPF1 in DMU allows signals coming from any MODI of PU to pass through it and reach the DEMOD1 of DMU. Similarly, the BPF2 in each PU allows signals coming from DMU to pass through it to the DEMOD2 of PU. DMU also has a modem (MODEM) to communicate wirelessly with Distribution control unit. In FIG 13 or 14, if any event occurs on feeder 55, 58 or 61 or 69, then it is taken care by respective basic system. In FIG 13, if an event occurs at feeder 75 or PCC (59), then it gets reported in the difference of current or power readings as accessed by DMU and PU1 and hence is taken care by controlling switches in VCSCU1 by DMU as commanded by DCC. Similarly if the event occurs on feeder 60 or PCC (71), it gets reported in the current reading(s) delivered by PU1 and PU2 to DMU and is taken care by controlling the switches in VCSCU3 by PU1 as commanded by DCC through DMU. In FIG 14, if the event occurs at feeder 73 or 74, then it is reflected in the readings obtained from VCSCU1, VCSCU2 and VCSCU5 and can be controlled by DMU through control switches in VCSCU1. If the event occurs on feeder 60, then it is reflected in the readings obtained from VCSCU3 and VCSCU4 and can be controlled" by PU1 and PU2. Each PU can transmit tariff, billing, account, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on each subscriber end of the feeder as shown in FIG. 17a. This information is transmitted using the signal wire and a phase wire. All the events can be displayed by graphical user interface (GUI) software on display(s) at 'distribution control centre' and recorded in the database along with the instant of their occurrence etc. Further Enhanced System In 'enhanced system' the retrieving of readings by DCC from each DMU and from each PU through corresponding DMU and detection of event on main feeder by DCC can take some time and hence detection and prevention of such events may depend upon the speed of access or number of PU(s) i.e. size of system etc.; but, it has the flexibility to wink at some events (as per the agreement between utility and subscribers) or keeping in view the comfort level to be provided to the subscribers)) and take action at same or other events depending on the place and instant of their occurrence etc. On the other hand, the basic system instantly detects and prevents occurrence of events. Thus, the 'basic system' can be used to detect and prevent severe events and 'enhanced system' can be used to detect and prevent moderate events with flexibility from distribution control centre. Hence, the 'basic system' and 'enhanced system' can be combined together to make 'further enhanced system' as shown in FIG. 18 and 19 for radial and ring feeders respectively. As shown in FIG. 18, the signal from signal unit of 121 is transmitted via PU1 to VCSCU+E7 (120). Also flows on signal wire 103, the two way communication signal coming from DMU for PU2, PU3,... Similarly, the signal from signal unit of 119 flows on 102 to 118 via DMU. Also flows on signal wire 102, the two way communication signal coming from DMU for PU1, PU2, PU3,... The DMU (123), PU1 (124) and PU2 (125) of FIG. 18 are different from DMU (96), PU1(99) and PU2 (126) of FIG. 13 respectively as the former include a low pass filter (LPF) in addition to the components in latter. Similarly units 118, 120 and 122 in FIG. 18 are different from 97, 100 and 108 in FIG. 13 respectively as the former include a three phase signal input and evaluation unit in addition to the components in latter. In 124 and 125 of Fig. 18, two components viz. band pass filter (to allow frequencies of MODI and MOD2 to pass through it) and a low pass filter (to allow frequencies of power a.c. current to pass through it) are additional in comparison to 99 and 126 of Fig. 13. In 123 of Fig. 18, low pass filter (to allow the frequencies of power a.c. current to pass through) is additional compared to 96 of FIG. 13. Thus, in FIG. 18, both 'basic system' as well as 'enhanced system' has been included to add the flexibility in operation in response to events. Each PU can transmit tariff, billing, account, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on each subscriber end of the feeder as shown in FIG. 17b. This information is transmitted using the signal wire and a phase wire. The load balancer unit is controlled by respective PU. The signal unit in the evaluation unit of subscriber feeder at the PCC in such a case will be of three phase type instead of single phase type as it is not known to which phase the load will be connected instantly. This is shown in FIG. 16, FIG. 18 and 19 respectively. In 133 and 139 of FIG 19, band pass filter to allow frequencies of MODI, MOD2 as well as frequency of signal source to pass through it is additional in comparison to 150 and 157 of FIG. 14. 5.1 claim: l.A system for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of radial power lines mains or subscriber connection feeder, characterized in connecting a signal wire(s) traversing along the power line(s)/ feeder, comprising of electronic circuit(s) consisting of power electronic components along with analog circuit components comprises: m. The signal unit (SU) installed at destination periphery of power line/ feeder consisting of only analog electronic components and generate a signal proportional to current or power flowing at destination periphery. n. The evaluation unit (EU), consists of both analog electronic and power electronic components, installed at source periphery of power line/ feeder, generates a signal proportional to current or power flowing at source periphery of power line/ feeder, comprises of i. Circuit for receiving signals from various SU(s) connected at all the destination peripheries of radial power line/ feeder and compare it with that generated at the feeding source periphery for the respective destination peripheries ii. Each EU de-energizes the power feeder following it in case of occurrence of any event like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on power lines/ feeder wherein each EU connected to respective SU(s) using a phase wire and a signal wire and a three phase EU has the capability to connect to both single phase SU(s) and three phase SU(s); whereas, a single phase EU can only be connected to single phase SU(s). 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said power lines/ feeder comprises of three phase power lines in ring form fed from three phase radial power lines/ feeder or comprising of single phase power lines in ring form fed from single phase power line/ feeder and either of them feeding radial subscriber connection feeder/ power lines/ feeders and wherein the electronic circuit comprises of: a. Ring evaluation unit(s) (REU) comprising of filters and evaluation unit, placed on both sides of each PCC on main power feeder. b. A master evaluation unit (MEU) placed on the radial power feeder feeding the ring feeder along with two REUs on either side of the main ring power feeder at the feeding point consisting of a circuit similar to REU and further comprising of a high frequency signal source. c. One EU connected at subscriber connection point at PCC and one SU connected at premises of each subscriber.. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the electronic circuit on main feeder comprising of: a. A distribution management unit (DMU) installed at low tension (LT) end of transformer as described herein. b. A digital processing unit (PU) installed at each PCC on the main feeder as described herein. c. A distribution control unit (DCU) consisting of computer installed at substation as described herein. d. Distribution management unit to communicate with DCU and each PU which communicates with neighboring PU and communicates with DMU through parent PU and the communication signal between two PU(s) or between a PU and DMU flows on a phase wire and the signal wire. e. Voltage, current sensing and control unit (VCSCU), installed at the feeding point of each feeder after the DMU or PU, to de-energize the power feeder following VCSCU in case of occurrence of any event as detected and commanded by respective PU or DMU and voltage and current sensing unit (VCSU) installed at feeding point to PCC, before the respective PU. f. The DMU installed for power line ring feeders followed by VCSCU at the radial feeder feeding the ring feeder and at least one PU installed at each PCC and one VCSCU installed at each subscriber connection from PCC and one SU connected at premises of each subscriber and to provide the facility of two way communication to subscriber if SU replaced by PU. g. The VCSCU connected to single phase subscriber at connection feeder performs the job of load balancing as directed by respective PU at PCC. 4. The system for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 3 with analog circuit working for severe events and digital circuit working for non-severe events. 5. The method for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of radial power lines mains or subscriber connection feeder as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprising of the following steps: a. Divide the whole radial feeder into different parts of two types. One type of feeder part comprises of point of common coupling (PCC) i.e. a point on power line or power feeder from where either the subscriber(s) are connected or from where a connection feeder connected or both. The second type of part consists of feeder part without PCC, division of the electrical power feeder into parts occurs only across the PCC or across the transformer. b. Assign the division as described in step (a) to each part such that no portion of electrical power feeder is left out nor overlapping occurs on any two neighboring parts without inclusion of Transformer(s) in any part. c. Sense the current(s)/ power entering into the part at each source periphery in single phase circuit(s) wherein currents)/ power flows within each part from source periphery to destination peripheries and generate signals at each destination periphery proportional to current(s)/power flowing. d. Generate a signal for three phase circuits at each periphery proportional to a combination of phase or line currents for three phase feeder as described herein, wherein, the generated signal in source periphery proportional to a positive of a combination of currents and generated signal in each destination periphery is proportional to negative of a combination of currents, keeping the direction of flow of currents same as that in source periphery of the part. e. Transmit the signal(s) on the signal wire in conjunction with a phase wire from each of the destination periphery of the concerned part to the source periphery of the same part. f. Add the signals received from the destination peripheries and the source periphery of the same part and pass through a full wave rectifier to account the occurrence of event in any of the half cycles and to stabilize the output across the capacitor. If this output is zero or within the permissible limit as described herein, then the concerned feeder part and its dependent feeders are energized by turning ON the controlled switch(es) located on the source periphery of the concerned part and not otherwise. A provision of changing the permissible limit is provided. 6. The method as claimed for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of ring power system as claimed in claim 2, comprising of the following steps: a. Place a high frequency signal source and controlled switch(es) on the radial feeder at the feeding point of the ring electrical power feeder. b. Install an insulated signal wire for carrying the high frequency signal along with other signals, starting from the feeding point traversing along with the ring feeder conductors and returning to the feeding point; but, not connected to its starting point. c. Connect the high frequency signal source to the signal wire and a phase wire. d. Divide the ring feeder into two type of parts: First type of part is without point of common coupling (PCC) and second type of part consists of PCC, division of the electrical power feeder into parts occurs only across the PCC. e. Assign the division as described in step (d) to each part such that no portion of electrical power feeder is left out nor overlapping occurs on any two neighboring parts without inclusion of Transformers) in any part. f. For every part, only two peripheries on main ring feeder will come. One will be termed as source periphery and the other one destination periphery. The source and destination periphery is decided by the traversal of signal wire. As one traverses from high frequency signal source towards the other end of signal wire, the periphery which is encountered first is termed destination periphery and that encountered latter as source periphery. g. Sense current entering into the part from each periphery for single phase ring circuits. h. Generate signal(s) at respective periphery proportional to the sensed currents). i. Generate signal at each periphery proportional to a combination of phase or line currents for three phase feeder as described herein for three phase ring circuits. j. Transmit the signal(s) on the signal wire in conjunction with a phase wire from each of the destination periphery of the concerned part to the source periphery of the same part. k. Add the signals received from the destination peripheries and the source periphery of the same part and pass through a full wave rectifier to account the occurrence of event in any of the half cycles and to stabilize the output across the capacitor. If this output is zero or within the permissible limit as described herein, then the high frequency signal allowed to flow through the part and not otherwise. If the high frequency signal does not reach the end point of the signal wire, the whole electrical power ring feeder and its dependent feeders are de-energized and not otherwise. 7. The method as claimed for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 3 comprising of the following steps: a. Divide each power line/ feeder into various parts of two types with division occurring at PCC along all connections for remaining power line radial feeders. The first type consists of PCC; whereas, the second type consists of feeder joining two PCC. b. Calculate the difference of incoming and outgoing power flow at respective PCC by respective PU. Send the information of power received at PCC by PU to its parent PU or DMU. The parent PU or DMU then compares it with the power flow as sensed by its VCSCU. In case the difference of power at the incoming and outgoing of any part is more than the prescribed limit, the concerned feeder is identified. In case of occurrence of any severe event (like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on power lines/ feeder), on the identified feeder, the parent PU de- energizes the feeder feeding the identified feeder and report it to DCU through DMU. A non-severe event will be reported to DCU without de-energizing the feeder. The permissible limit is programmable and can be changed by communication received from DCU. c. Add the current/ power inflow from all peripheries at PCC. d. Determine the severity of event(s) by comparing the said addition with permissible limit. e. Send the command from PU to the adjoining VCSCU to disrupt power flow to the concerned part if severe event; otherwise report to DCU through DMU. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7 for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 4 for non- severe events and recording and reporting of all type of events to DCU done by respective PU through DMU. 9. The method as claimed in claim 5 or 6 for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 4 for severe events. 10. The system as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 wherein the signal unit(s), evaluation unit(s), REU(s), DMU(s), PU(s) in the form of integrated circuit(s) (1C).

Full Text

4. DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to the field of electrical power supply feeders, detection and prevention of theft, faults and accidents thereof and distribution system automation.
Prior art of Unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power from electrical feeder:
The prevalent system is unable to stop this menace because it is difficult to detect from substation whether the withdrawal is authorized or unauthorized. Only an on-site physical examination of power feeder(s) or subscriber feeder(s) may help in detecting theft. Also, theft may occur at any time on any feeder.
Prior art of Fault(s) on electrical feeder(s): In "single phase' feeder circuit line (L) to ground (G) fault can occur. In 'three phase' feeder circuit, L to G, L to L (LL), LL to G, LL to L (LLL), and LLL to G fault may occur. If any of these faults occurs, then an electrical fuse/ over current relay or circuit breaker at tlie feeder substation or at the distribution transformer will operate and will disrupt the supply of the complete feeder. The operating point of these fuse units or that of over current relay is usually much higher than the rated load current usually 1 50 to 200%.
Prior art of Accidents due to electrical power feeder(s): Many a times accidents due to overhead electrical power feeder occurs due to following reasons:
(i) The body of a bird sitting on live electrical power feeder phase
wire/conductor touches neutral/ ground / another phase wire/conductor,
(ii) The body of a bird sitting on live electrical power feeder phase
wire/conductor touches body of another bird sitting on neutral/ ground / i another phase wire/conductor, (iii) The maintenance personnel doing routine maintenance job touches a live phase wire while his body is grounded or touching neutral/ another phase wire. (iv) During storms etc., when any live feeder wire breaks and fall on ground, any human being or animal etc. touching it may die due to electric shock etc. Prior art of distribution system automation: Distribution system automation has been done in some countries using power line communication. Due to switching disturbances on power line, the range of such a communication is limited to lew hundred meters. Also due to low impedance on power line, the power line modem consumes large power for communication of signals on power lines. Summary of Invention: The present invention provides a system and method for detection, prevention of accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on power lines or power feeders and automation of electrical power distribution system. Brief description of the drawing:
FIG. 1 shows block diagram of radial feeder with 'three phase' and 'single phase' evaluation units and signals units and their respective connections FIG. 2 shows modular connectors for 'three phase' and 'single phase' signal units and evaluation unit
FIG.3 shows detailed block diagram of'Three phase' system with signal and evaluation unit and with theft events
FIG.4 shows detailed circuit diagram of'three phase' system with signal and evaluation units
FIG.5 shows detailed block diagram of 'Single phase' system with signal and evaluation unit and theft event
FIG.6 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'single phase' system with signal and
evaluation units and theft event circuit.
FIG.7 shows detailed circuit of 'three phase' evaluation unit with both 'three phase' i
signal wire and 'single phase' signal wire connections

FIG. 8 shows detailed circuit of 'three phase' evaluation unit with additional 'three
phase' and 'single phase' signal connections.
FIG 9 shows block diagram of 'three phase' ring feeder with evaluation and signal
units.
Fig. 10 shows detailed circuit diagram of master evaluation unit of 'three phase' ring
feeder system.
Fig. 11 shows detailed circuit diagram of system as applied to 'three phase' ring system
with 'three phase' three wire theft.
FIG. 12 shows detailed circuit diagram of system as applied to 'single phase' ring
system.
FIG. 13 shows detailed block diagram of "enhanced system' for radial feeder.
FIG. 14 shows detailed block diagram of'enhanced system' for ring feeder.
FIG. 15 shows block diagram for load management.
FIG. 16 shows block diagram for load balancer.
FIG. 17a and FIG. 17b shows block diagram for sending information to display unit at
subscriber end in 'enhanced system' and 'further enhanced system' respectively.
FIG. 18 shows detailed block diagram of 'further enhanced system' for radial feeder.
FIG. 19 shows detailed block diagram of 'further enhanced system' for ring feeder.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments:
Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the j particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
This invention consists of a 'basic system' (BS). an "enhanced system' (ES) and a j
"further enhanced system" (FES).
Basic System
FIG. 1 shows block diagram of a radial feeder with "three phase' evaluation cum signal , units (El, E2, E3, E7, E8, E9 and E10), 'single phase' evaluation cum signal units (E4, E5. E6), 'three phase' signals units (3ØS), 'single phase' signal units (10S), 'three phase' signal inputs (3Ø, 3Øa, 3Øb, 3Øc,... 3Øn), "single phase' signal inputs (1Ø, 1Øa, 1Øb, 1Øc,... 1Øn) and their respective connections using signal wire. The 'single phase' signal inputs are further of three types as shown in the FIG.2. They are (R0a, RØb, RØc... RØn; YØa, YØb, YØc,.. Y0n; BØa, BØb, BØc,... BØn). While these "single phase' signal inputs connect the respective signal wire to the evaluation unit, the signal comes on signal wire with respect to respective phase feeder wire. Also, the "three phase' signal wire carries the signal from signal unit to evaluation unit with respect to a feeder wire (any phase wire or neutral; e.g. R phase wire has been taken in this system but it is not limited to R phase). The 'three phase' evaluation unit(s) has provision of'three phase' signal wire(s) input as well as 'single phase' signal wire(s) input, whereas 'single phase' evaluation units have provision of only "single phase' signal wire input. Also shown in FIG. 1 is a star-star transformer 67. However, the
system holds good for a star-delta, delta-delta, delta-star transformer. In FIG. 1, two points of common coupling (PCC) are shown viz. 59 and 63. In 59, E2 is the main evaluation cum signal unit which in conjunction with E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7 protects 59 from occurrence of events of claim I. F.2 is receiving signals from evaluation cum signal units E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7. E3 is receiving signal from "three phase' signal unit which is embedded in energy meter of 'three phase' load 63. E3 protects feeder part 55 from occurrence of events of claim 1 in conjunction with 30S signal unit at 63. Similarly, E4, E5 and E6 are 'single phase' signal cum evaluation unit which are also receiving signal from 'single phase' signal units embedded in respective 'single phase' energy meters of loads at 64, 65 and 66 and protects feeder part 56, 57 and 58 in conjunction with respective signal units. El evaluation unit and E7 signal cum evaluation units are receiving signals from signal units in E2 and E8 and are protecting

feeder part 54 and 60 respectively with their conjunction. At the second PC 63, protection against events is provided by E8 in conjunction with E9 and E10. Similarly,
E9 and E10 protects feeder part 61 and 62 respectively in conjunction with signal units
at the other end of respective feeder(s). Thus, in general the whole distribution system
can be protected by the system.
FIG. 2 shows modular connectors for signal and evaluation units of the system. The
"single phase' signal unit and signal input to evaluation unit will each have only one
such connector assembly (16 or 17 or 18 type) depending upon the phase of the feeder
whose signal is to be transmitted. If phase R current signal is to be transmitted, then
connector assembly 16 and 16M is used at both ends of the signal wire. Similarly, for
Y and B phase, 17 and 18 type connector assemblies are used. The side view of the
male connector is shown in 19. This shows that the lever at its head is required to be
pressed for removing the male connector out of its female counterpart. Thus, this
locking mechanism helps in avoiding any loose connections at site with changing
weather conditions etc. The 'three phase' signal unit and signal input to evaluation unit
will each be having connector assembly 15 and 15M type at both ends of its signal
wire. The 'three phase' signal cum evaluation unit can cater to both 'single phase" and
'three phase' feeder protection like E2 in FIG. I. Thus, an array of such connector
assemblies can be used in such evaluation units. Each connector assembly has different
shape, such that one type of male connectors will not fit into the other type female units
but only into its own type. The circuit behind a mixture of such connector assembly is
shown in FIG. 7 and 8.
FIG.3 shows 'three phase' radial feeder system with detailed block diagram of signal j unit 25 and that of evaluation unit 26 and with 'three phase' four wire theft 23a, 'single phase' theft 23b, 'three phase' three wire theft 23c (one type of events). As shown in this figure, 22 is a 'three phase' A.C. source feeding 'three phase' load 21. Thus, load 21 is authorized withdrawal of power. However, unauthorized withdrawal i.e. theft 23a j or 23b or 23c or a combination thereof may also take place. The load 21 is at subscriber's end and the signal unit 25 is embedded in subscriber's energy meter. The 'three phase' signal unit 25 consists of current sensor(s) 2a, triple I to V converter la . and triple input summer 3a and miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 7a and connector assembly 27a. The signal wire 24 is connected to signal unit and evaluation unit via connector assembly 27a and 27b respectively. The 'three phase' evaluation unit consists of current sensor unit 2b; Triple 1 to V converter, lb; quad input summer circuit 3b; 'single phase' full wave rectifier 20; comparator 4- opto-isotator 4b; controlled firing circuit 8; three triacs or controlled switches 6. The triple 1 to V converter la or lb consist of three 1 to V converters one each for each phase as shown in FIG. 4. The detailed circuit of la and lb is shown in FIG. 4 but is not limited to these. The quad input summer circuit consists of triple input summer circuit and a fourth input transmitted by 3a via signal wire. The output of 3a is proportional to
(Equation Removed) where 1R, lY and In are currents in 'three phase' or line wires of its
proximity feeder but is not limited to this combination of currents. Many such combinations are possible. This is one typical combination of phase or line currents 1R, IY and IB. R phase of the feeder has been used in these circuits to deliver the signal unit ground or datum to evaluation unit. Any other phase of the feeder or neutral wire can : also be used to deliver the ground or datum. The block 3b of evaluation unit will first generate a signal proportional to currents in its proximity feeder i.e. proportional lo
(Equation Removed)and will then add it to the signal obtained from 3a. If any event as

described in claim 1 is not occurring in the feeder part between the signal unit 25 and evaluation unit 26, then the output of 3b is zero approx. and not otherwise. The operational amplifiers in la, lb, 3a and 3b are given bipolar power supply so that the

occurrence of the event in any half cycle is detected and prevented. The rectifier cum
capacitor 20 will convert the signal into uni-polar (direct current) type and is then
normally compared with zero voltage in comparator 4. If the feeder wire is having a
long span or leakage current due to cable etc. exists, then the signal can be compared
with some permissible voltage using the voltage divider circuit of 4a in FIG. 4. The
circuit of 4a has two switches S1 and S2. In case there is no leakage current etc. and the
permissible limit is zero, then switch SI can be turned ON and switch S2 can be turned
OFF. In case due to any reason, a non-zero permissible limit exists, then SI can be
turned OFF and S2 can be turned ON. Also, the lower resistance in the voltage divider
circuit can be adjusted for moving the trip point of the comparator. If the currents at
the ends of the feeder under consideration are different and hence the proportional
signals as observed by signal unit and the evaluation unit of the system is more than the
permissible limit due to occurrence of any of the events in claim 1 etc., output of
comparator 4 will be high and zero otherwise (The comparator is given uni-polar power
supply). The output of comparator is connected to an opto-isolator 4b. The transistor
of opto-isolator turns ON when output of comparator is high and not otherwise. An ON
transistor will not allow the capacitor of relaxation oscillator of 5 to charge and thus the
controlled firing circuit will not give triggering pulses to Triacs and the controlled I
switches will hence turn OFF or in other words the concerned feeder part and hence its
dependent feeders will be thus de-energized. The firing angle of TRIAC(s) when in
ON state is zero. The power supply for operational amplifiers etc. of evaluation unit is
obtained from the part of feeder between the controlled switches and 'three phase' a.c.
source. TRIAC is a normally OFF device and require triggering pulse to turn ON. i
Instead of TRIAC(s), any other solid state bidirectional switch or a combination of
unidirectional switch(es) or controlled 'Normally open' bilateral switch(es) or
controlled 'Normally closed' bilateral switch(es) can be used. Accordingly, the
driver/firing/triggering circuit after comparator will change.
FIG.5 shows 'single phase' system with detailed block diagram of signal and evaluation unit with 'single phase' theft (event).
FIG.6 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'single phase' system with signal and
evaluation units and 'single phase' theft (event).
The discussion of operation of these circuits is on the same lines as that of 'three phase'
circuit, as discussed above except that the I-V converter consists of a single unit and
generates a voltage signal proportional to the 'single phase' current of the feeder in
proximity to the unit. The summer circuit has only two input signals, one generated by j
28a and second by 28b.
FIG. 7 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'three phase' evaluation unit when a combination of one 'three phase' and one each 'single phase' signals are connected to evaluation unit. The collector(s) of the transistor(s) of opto-isolator are connected together and emitter(s) are also connected together to the capacitor of relaxation oscillator. If any event as specified in claim 1 occurs at the feeder protected by this evaluation unit, then the corresponding transistor(s) will turn ON and will stop firing pulses and hence de-energize the concerned feeder.
FIG. 8 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'three phase' evaluation unit when a combination of two 'three phase' (30a, 30b) and two R phase (R0a, R0b) and one each other 'single phase' signals are connected to the evaluation unit. This requires addition of one more input connection at the summer of the respective 'three phase' or R phase circuit at 3bb and 35a respectively. Thus, the additional connections have been connected through a resistance to the respective summer operational amplifier as at 3bb or 35a respectively. Thus, any number of signals of 'three phase' or any "single phase' can be added to the 'three phase' evaluation unit by the addition of a module consisting of a male female connector assembly, an MCB and a resistance with connection to j summer circuit. This not only makes the design modular but also the additional modules are cheaper. FIG.9 shows block diagram of ring feeder with evaluation and signal units. The power
is fed to the ring feeder via master evaluation unit (MEU). The MEU consists of bilateral controlled switches (Normally open or normally closed type). The state of these controlled switches decides whether the ring feeder and its dependent feeders will be energized or not. If the controlled switches are ON, then the ring feeder and its dependent feeders are energized and not otherwise. The MEU also has a high frequency 'signal source' whose signal flows through the signal wire and a ring feeder wire. The signal wire as shown in the figure. It starts from MEU, traverses along with the feeder conductor and returns back to the MEU. The ring feeder is divided into two different type of parts viz. part(s) without PCC and part(s) consisting of PCC. The first signal unit is in the MEU itself. As the signal wire has to carry two signals; viz signal from signal unit at a frequency same as that of power a.c. current and signal "from 'signal source' of high frequency. The flow of these signals is controlled by two type of filters viz.
a) low pass filter (LPF) which allows signal from signal unit(s) to flow up to the
signal input of evaluation unit(s) but prohibits the signal from signal source to
pass through it,
b) high pass filter (HPF) which allows signal from signal source to pass through it
but prohibits signal from signal unit(s)
Besides the LPF and HPF, the REU also has a 'normally closed' controlled switch in the path of signal wire carrying only high frequency signal. This controlled switch does not comes in the path of signal from signal unit. If any event as claimed in claim 1 occurs at the concerned feeder part, then the control unit in REU will turn OFF the controlled switch. This will not allow the high frequency signal from signal source to reach its destination in the MEU. As shown in FIG. 10, if the signal source signal does not reach rectifier 50 in MEU, its output will be zero and therefore the relaxation oscillator 51 will not be powered and therefore no firing pulses goes to TRIACs 53. Therefore, the ring feeder will be de-energized on the occurrence of any event as claimed in claim 1 and not otherwise. Instead of TRIACs at 53, any other type of controlled bilateral switches, relays etc. can also be connected and the driver circuit changed accordingly. The signal unit and evaluation unit in REU is similar to that of radial feeder in its design except the fact that the evaluation unit of REU is different only in the following respect: The output of comparator controls the state of controlled 'normally ON' bilateral switch in the path of high frequency signal. The radial feeders drawing power from ring feeder will have same system as discussed for radial feeders.
FIG. 11 and 12 shows detailed circuit diagram of 'basic system' as applied to 'three phase' and 'single phase' ring system respectively without MCB, connector assembly and filter circuits. But, they too exist and have not been drawn in order to highlight the basic ring signal system.
The resistances in the I to V converter circuit and summer circuit etc. has to be so chosen in consideration with current sensor ratio such that the operational amplifiers are able to process the signals without any attenuation taking place for all range of expected load current(s). Also the maximum signal level should be less than ten percent of maximum allowed by operational amplifiers. The gain of each filter circuit should be 1.0.
Enhanced System
The 'basic system' detects and prevents event(s) with a maximum time lag of half a cycle of supply. The severity of different events is different. For example, the system must be protected against severe event like fault(s). FIG. 13 and 14 shows detailed block diagram of 'enhanced system' as applied to radial and ring feeder respectively. These figures show distribution control unit (DCU), 95 communicating in wireless configuration to distribution management unit (DMU). The DCU can:
a. Communicate with DMU(s) using wireless communication, analyze
the data of power flow, voltage and current received from each DMU

and respective PU(s).
b. retrieve power, energy, harmonic, power factor, currents), voltage(s)
readings of each authorized connection from DMU
c. communicate with similar such unit(s) etc. and accept commands from
similar such unit(s) etc.;
d. report online theft at any PCC or on main and connection feeder
without de-energizing the main or connection feeder,
e. give commands to operate any controlled switch,
f. perform load balancing at any PCC and load management at any bus,
g. energize/ de-energize street light units, pumps, feeders etc.
h. record and report events to maintenance personnel,
i. multi tariff billing, on-line monitoring of power withdrawal by each
subscriber, j. Display of the power distribution map of the subscribers) on computer
display screens at DCU and different states of the system or a part
thereof using graphical user interface (GUI) and its recording in
computer database, k. Allotment of identification number to every subscriber, transformer,
DMU, PU, MEU, REU and recording of the events as well as energy
consumed, power flow against identification numbers. 1. Recording of power flow or load on different transformers and feeder
wires at different times of years. The DMU can:
a. receive, execute and transmit the commands received from
distribution control unit,
b. receive billing and tariff information from distribution control unit as
well as processor based units on the feeder.
c. sense currents) and voltage(s) in analog form and then convert them to
digital form using multi-channel analog to digital converters),
d. amount of power and energy transferred and the its duration and instant
to/ from any neighboring utility
e. calculate online power (active and reactive), energy delivered by
transformer, power factor and harmonics injected by subscribers) at
the transformer,
f. control the switch(es) to energize or de-energize the feeder as per
occurrence of any event or for maintenance or for load management or
for load balancing
g. retrieve and store current, voltage, power, energy, power factor
readings status of circuit breaker(s) and transmit commands to units at
the point(s) of common coupling on same feeder.
DMU can sense the current (single arrow connectors) and voltage (double arrow
connectors) from voltage and current sensing and control unit (VCSCU1) and can also
perform load management using control signal(s) (CSn, n = 1,2,3...), as shown in detail
in FIG. 15, if load on a particular transformer exceeds its capability. A processor unit
(PUn, n = 1,2,3,...) is installed on each point of common coupling (PCC). The PU can:
a. sense current(s) and voltage(s) in analog form from all authorized
connections at point of common coupling and then converting them to
digital form using multi-channel analog to digital converter, calculate
online power (active and reactive), energy, power factor and harmonics
injected by each authorized connection at the point of common
coupling and storing in memory of PU placed on the point of common
coupling(s) and then making them available to DMU such that the
communication between the DMU and PU initialized by DMU with the
help of wired modems with communication signals flowing on a live
phase wire and a signal wire.

b. control the energizing of the feeders fed from the point of common
coupling for different conditions like normal, under voltage, over
voltage etc.
c. operating the controlled switches for feeder maintenance, load
balancing, load management, VAR compensation capacitor banks,
street light, pumps and reporting their status to DCU,
d. store tariff information received from DMU and calculate and store
billing and other account information of each subscriber being fed from
PCC.
e. event recording of circuit breaker operation etc. and their reporting to
DCU
f. transmit using signal and a phase wire between PCC and subscriber the
tariff, billing, account information, current, voltage on feeding phase,
power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics
injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a
universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed
on subscriber end of the feeder.
These PU(s) can sense voltage and current readings from incoming, outgoing as well as from subscriber's feeder connected to PCC. The PU(s) and DMU will control the 'normally open' (NO) controlled switches located in VCSCU1, VCSCU+EU+BU1, VCSCU+EU1, VCSCU3, VCSCU+EU+BU2, VCSCU+EU2, VCSCU5 and will sense voltage after these 'NO' switches in order to know the actual state of each switch. Also, as shown in FIG. 15, Feeder3 can be fed from transformer 116 or transformer 117 depending upon the state of NO3 and NO4 as per the status of control signals CS3 and CS4. As shown in Fig 13 and 14, the DMU will be observing the power flowing or loading of transformer from the sensor signals received from VCSCU1. As shown in FIG. 13, the 'NO' switches can be controlled by 'CS', therefore, all or any or any combination of the feeder(s) after DMU or respective PU can be de-energized due to occurrence of any event or for maintenance etc. without affecting the non-dependent feeders. The VCSCU+ evaluation unit (EU) + load balancer unit (BUI or 2), in the path of single phase feeder can be controlled by respective PU for load balancing as shown in detail in FIG. 16. In such a case, the single phase load can be connected to any one of the three phases (R or Y or B) or it can be disconnected for maintenance etc. as per the digital control output signals P and Q.
The DMU will be polling the PU(s) and the information collected or calculated by respective PU about the concerned feeders can be retrieved by DMU and stored in its memory. This information can then be transmitted to Distribution control centre by the DMU. Both DMU and PU has on-board or on-chip an multi channel analog to digital converter (ADC) to convert sensed voltage and current to equivalent digital, real time clock (RTC) to record the date and time of event or readings of voltage, current and power and energy etc., digital input output (DIO) to give control signals to control units etc. Electrically erasable programmable read only memory to store energy readings of each subscriber, control signal(s) status etc., random access memory (RAM) to store current and voltage samples or partial results during calculations, modulator (MOD2 or MODI) and demodulator (DEMOD1 or DEMOD2) for duplex communication between DMU and PU. The BPF1 in DMU allows signals coming from any MODI of PU to pass through it and reach the DEMOD1 of DMU. Similarly, the BPF2 in each PU allows signals coming from DMU to pass through it to the DEMOD2 of PU. DMU also has a modem (MODEM) to communicate wirelessly with Distribution control unit. In FIG 13 or 14, if any event occurs on feeder 55, 58 or 61 or 69, then it is taken care by respective basic system. In FIG 13, if an event occurs at feeder 75 or PCC (59), then it gets reported in the difference of current or power readings as accessed by DMU and PU1 and hence is taken care by controlling switches in VCSCU1 by DMU as commanded by DCC. Similarly if the event occurs on feeder 60 or PCC (71), it gets reported in the current reading(s) delivered by PU1 and PU2 to DMU and is taken care

by controlling the switches in VCSCU3 by PU1 as commanded by DCC through DMU. In FIG 14, if the event occurs at feeder 73 or 74, then it is reflected in the readings obtained from VCSCU1, VCSCU2 and VCSCU5 and can be controlled by DMU through control switches in VCSCU1. If the event occurs on feeder 60, then it is reflected in the readings obtained from VCSCU3 and VCSCU4 and can be controlled" by PU1 and PU2. Each PU can transmit tariff, billing, account, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on each subscriber end of the feeder as shown in FIG. 17a. This information is transmitted using the signal wire and a phase wire. All the events can be displayed by graphical user interface (GUI) software on display(s) at 'distribution control centre' and recorded in the database along with the instant of their occurrence etc.
Further Enhanced System
In 'enhanced system' the retrieving of readings by DCC from each DMU and from each PU through corresponding DMU and detection of event on main feeder by DCC can take some time and hence detection and prevention of such events may depend upon the speed of access or number of PU(s) i.e. size of system etc.; but, it has the flexibility to wink at some events (as per the agreement between utility and subscribers) or keeping in view the comfort level to be provided to the subscribers)) and take action at same or other events depending on the place and instant of their occurrence etc.
On the other hand, the basic system instantly detects and prevents occurrence of events. Thus, the 'basic system' can be used to detect and prevent severe events and 'enhanced system' can be used to detect and prevent moderate events with flexibility from distribution control centre. Hence, the 'basic system' and 'enhanced system' can be combined together to make 'further enhanced system' as shown in FIG. 18 and 19 for radial and ring feeders respectively. As shown in FIG. 18, the signal from signal unit of 121 is transmitted via PU1 to VCSCU+E7 (120). Also flows on signal wire 103, the two way communication signal coming from DMU for PU2, PU3,... Similarly, the signal from signal unit of 119 flows on 102 to 118 via DMU. Also flows on signal wire 102, the two way communication signal coming from DMU for PU1, PU2, PU3,... The DMU (123), PU1 (124) and PU2 (125) of FIG. 18 are different from DMU (96), PU1(99) and PU2 (126) of FIG. 13 respectively as the former include a low pass filter (LPF) in addition to the components in latter. Similarly units 118, 120 and 122 in FIG. 18 are different from 97, 100 and 108 in FIG. 13 respectively as the former include a three phase signal input and evaluation unit in addition to the components in latter. In 124 and 125 of Fig. 18, two components viz. band pass filter (to allow frequencies of MODI and MOD2 to pass through it) and a low pass filter (to allow frequencies of power a.c. current to pass through it) are additional in comparison to 99 and 126 of Fig. 13. In 123 of Fig. 18, low pass filter (to allow the frequencies of power a.c. current to pass through) is additional compared to 96 of FIG. 13. Thus, in FIG. 18, both 'basic system' as well as 'enhanced system' has been included to add the flexibility in operation in response to events. Each PU can transmit tariff, billing, account, current, voltage on feeding phase, power (active and reactive) withdrawn, energy consumed, harmonics injected, past load, energy profile etc. information with the help of a universal asynchronous receiver (UAR) to a display unit (DU) installed on each subscriber end of the feeder as shown in FIG. 17b. This information is transmitted using the signal wire and a phase wire.
The load balancer unit is controlled by respective PU. The signal unit in the evaluation unit of subscriber feeder at the PCC in such a case will be of three phase type instead of

single phase type as it is not known to which phase the load will be connected instantly. This is shown in FIG. 16, FIG. 18 and 19 respectively. In 133 and 139 of FIG 19, band pass filter to allow frequencies of MODI, MOD2 as well as frequency of signal source to pass through it is additional in comparison to 150 and 157 of FIG. 14.

5.1 claim:
l.A system for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of radial power lines mains or subscriber connection feeder, characterized in connecting a signal wire(s) traversing along the power line(s)/ feeder, comprising of electronic circuit(s) consisting of power electronic components along with analog circuit components comprises:
m. The signal unit (SU) installed at destination periphery of power line/ feeder consisting of only analog electronic components and generate a signal proportional to current or power flowing at destination periphery.
n. The evaluation unit (EU), consists of both analog electronic and power electronic components, installed at source periphery of power line/ feeder, generates a signal proportional to current or power flowing at source periphery of power line/ feeder, comprises of
i. Circuit for receiving signals from various SU(s) connected at all the destination peripheries of radial power line/ feeder and compare it with that generated at the feeding source periphery for the respective destination peripheries
ii. Each EU de-energizes the power feeder following it in case of occurrence of any event like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on power lines/ feeder wherein each EU connected to respective SU(s) using a phase wire and a signal wire and a three phase EU has the capability to connect to both single phase SU(s) and three phase SU(s); whereas, a single phase EU can only be connected to single phase SU(s).
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said power lines/ feeder
comprises of three phase power lines in ring form fed from three phase radial
power lines/ feeder or comprising of single phase power lines in ring form fed
from single phase power line/ feeder and either of them feeding radial
subscriber connection feeder/ power lines/ feeders and wherein the electronic
circuit comprises of:
a. Ring evaluation unit(s) (REU) comprising of filters and evaluation
unit, placed on both sides of each PCC on main power feeder.
b. A master evaluation unit (MEU) placed on the radial power feeder
feeding the ring feeder along with two REUs on either side of the main
ring power feeder at the feeding point consisting of a circuit similar to
REU and further comprising of a high frequency signal source.
c. One EU connected at subscriber connection point at PCC and one SU
connected at premises of each subscriber..
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the electronic circuit on main
feeder comprising of:
a. A distribution management unit (DMU) installed at low tension (LT)
end of transformer as described herein.
b. A digital processing unit (PU) installed at each PCC on the main feeder
as described herein.
c. A distribution control unit (DCU) consisting of computer installed at
substation as described herein.
d. Distribution management unit to communicate with DCU and each PU
which communicates with neighboring PU and communicates with
DMU through parent PU and the communication signal between two
PU(s) or between a PU and DMU flows on a phase wire and the signal

wire.
e. Voltage, current sensing and control unit (VCSCU), installed at the
feeding point of each feeder after the DMU or PU, to de-energize the
power feeder following VCSCU in case of occurrence of any event as
detected and commanded by respective PU or DMU and voltage and
current sensing unit (VCSU) installed at feeding point to PCC, before
the respective PU.
f. The DMU installed for power line ring feeders followed by VCSCU at
the radial feeder feeding the ring feeder and at least one PU installed at
each PCC and one VCSCU installed at each subscriber connection
from PCC and one SU connected at premises of each subscriber and to
provide the facility of two way communication to subscriber if SU
replaced by PU.
g. The VCSCU connected to single phase subscriber at connection feeder
performs the job of load balancing as directed by respective PU at
PCC.
4. The system for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and
unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single
phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 3
with analog circuit working for severe events and digital circuit working for
non-severe events.
5. The method for detection and prevention of events like accidents, faults and
unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single
phase or a combination thereof of radial power lines mains or subscriber
connection feeder as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprising of the following steps:
a. Divide the whole radial feeder into different parts of two types. One
type of feeder part comprises of point of common coupling (PCC) i.e. a
point on power line or power feeder from where either the subscriber(s)
are connected or from where a connection feeder connected or both.
The second type of part consists of feeder part without PCC, division
of the electrical power feeder into parts occurs only across the PCC or
across the transformer.
b. Assign the division as described in step (a) to each part such that no
portion of electrical power feeder is left out nor overlapping occurs on
any two neighboring parts without inclusion of Transformer(s) in any
part.
c. Sense the current(s)/ power entering into the part at each source
periphery in single phase circuit(s) wherein currents)/ power flows
within each part from source periphery to destination peripheries and
generate signals at each destination periphery proportional to
current(s)/power flowing.
d. Generate a signal for three phase circuits at each periphery proportional
to a combination of phase or line currents for three phase feeder as
described herein, wherein, the generated signal in source periphery
proportional to a positive of a combination of currents and generated
signal in each destination periphery is proportional to negative of a
combination of currents, keeping the direction of flow of currents same
as that in source periphery of the part.
e. Transmit the signal(s) on the signal wire in conjunction with a phase
wire from each of the destination periphery of the concerned part to the
source periphery of the same part.
f. Add the signals received from the destination peripheries and the
source periphery of the same part and pass through a full wave rectifier

to account the occurrence of event in any of the half cycles and to stabilize the output across the capacitor. If this output is zero or within the permissible limit as described herein, then the concerned feeder part and its dependent feeders are energized by turning ON the controlled switch(es) located on the source periphery of the concerned part and not otherwise. A provision of changing the permissible limit is provided.
6. The method as claimed for detection and prevention of events like accidents,
faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase
or single phase or a combination thereof of ring power system as claimed in
claim 2, comprising of the following steps:
a. Place a high frequency signal source and controlled switch(es) on the
radial feeder at the feeding point of the ring electrical power feeder.
b. Install an insulated signal wire for carrying the high frequency signal
along with other signals, starting from the feeding point traversing
along with the ring feeder conductors and returning to the feeding
point; but, not connected to its starting point.
c. Connect the high frequency signal source to the signal wire and a phase
wire.
d. Divide the ring feeder into two type of parts: First type of part is
without point of common coupling (PCC) and second type of part
consists of PCC, division of the electrical power feeder into parts
occurs only across the PCC.
e. Assign the division as described in step (d) to each part such that no
portion of electrical power feeder is left out nor overlapping occurs on
any two neighboring parts without inclusion of Transformers) in any
part.
f. For every part, only two peripheries on main ring feeder will come.
One will be termed as source periphery and the other one destination
periphery. The source and destination periphery is decided by the
traversal of signal wire. As one traverses from high frequency signal
source towards the other end of signal wire, the periphery which is
encountered first is termed destination periphery and that encountered
latter as source periphery.
g. Sense current entering into the part from each periphery for single
phase ring circuits.
h. Generate signal(s) at respective periphery proportional to the sensed currents).
i. Generate signal at each periphery proportional to a combination of phase or line currents for three phase feeder as described herein for three phase ring circuits.
j. Transmit the signal(s) on the signal wire in conjunction with a phase wire from each of the destination periphery of the concerned part to the source periphery of the same part.
k. Add the signals received from the destination peripheries and the source periphery of the same part and pass through a full wave rectifier to account the occurrence of event in any of the half cycles and to stabilize the output across the capacitor. If this output is zero or within the permissible limit as described herein, then the high frequency signal allowed to flow through the part and not otherwise. If the high frequency signal does not reach the end point of the signal wire, the whole electrical power ring feeder and its dependent feeders are de-energized and not otherwise.
7. The method as claimed for detection and prevention of events like accidents,

faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as claimed in claim 3 comprising of the following steps:
a. Divide each power line/ feeder into various parts of two types with
division occurring at PCC along all connections for remaining power
line radial feeders. The first type consists of PCC; whereas, the second
type consists of feeder joining two PCC.
b. Calculate the difference of incoming and outgoing power flow at
respective PCC by respective PU. Send the information of power
received at PCC by PU to its parent PU or DMU. The parent PU or
DMU then compares it with the power flow as sensed by its VCSCU.
In case the difference of power at the incoming and outgoing of any
part is more than the prescribed limit, the concerned feeder is
identified. In case of occurrence of any severe event (like accidents,
faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on
power lines/ feeder), on the identified feeder, the parent PU de-
energizes the feeder feeding the identified feeder and report it to DCU
through DMU. A non-severe event will be reported to DCU without
de-energizing the feeder. The permissible limit is programmable and
can be changed by communication received from DCU.
c. Add the current/ power inflow from all peripheries at PCC.
d. Determine the severity of event(s) by comparing the said addition with
permissible limit.
e. Send the command from PU to the adjoining VCSCU to disrupt power
flow to the concerned part if severe event; otherwise report to DCU
through DMU.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 for detection and prevention of events like
accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power on
three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system as
claimed in claim 4 for non- severe events and recording and reporting of all
type of events to DCU done by respective PU through DMU.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5 or 6 for detection and prevention of events
like accidents, faults and unauthorized withdrawal or theft of electrical power
on three phase or single phase or a combination thereof of power lines system
as claimed in claim 4 for severe events.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 wherein the signal unit(s),
evaluation unit(s), REU(s), DMU(s), PU(s) in the form of integrated circuit(s)
(1C).

Documents:

665-DEL-2007-Abstract-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-abstract.pdf

665-DEL-2007-Claims-(25-11-2008).pdf

665-DEL-2007-Claims-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-claims.pdf

665-DEL-2007-Correspondence-Others-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-DEL-2007-Description (Complete)-(25-11-2008).pdf

665-DEL-2007-Description (Complete)-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-description (complete).pdf

665-DEL-2007-Drawings-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-drawings.pdf

665-del-2007-form-1.pdf

665-DEL-2007-Form-2-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-form-2.pdf

665-DEL-2007-Form-3-(31-10-2008).pdf

665-del-2007-form-3.pdf

665-del-2007-form-5.pdf

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Patent Number

225783

Indian Patent Application Number

665/DEL/2007

PG Journal Number

01/2009

Publication Date

02-Jan-2009

Grant Date

01-Dec-2008

Date of Filing

26-Mar-2007

Name of Patentee

SAINI LALIT MOHAN

Applicant Address

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRA, HARYANA-136119 INDIA

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	SAINI LALIT MOHAN	ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRA, HARYANA-136119 INDIA
2	PALANI RAKESH KUMAR	MF 7/10. G-BLOCK, NANDHINI LAYOUT BANGALORE, KARNATAKA-560096 INDIA

PCT International Classification Number

G01R11/24

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA