Indian Patents. 225965:A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVING TURBO ENCODER/DECODER AND A CHANNEL ENCODING/DECODING METHOD

Title of Invention	A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVING TURBO ENCODER/DECODER AND A CHANNEL ENCODING/DECODING METHOD
Abstract	The invention relates to a mobile communication system, comprising a processor (46) for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose a super frame, and a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame consisting of more than one input data frame.

Full Text	TURBO ENCODING/DECODING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING FRAME DATA ACCORDING TO QoS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a device and method for encoding/decoding a channel data in a mobile communication system, and in particular, to a device and method for encoding/decoding a channel data using a turbo code. 2. Description of the Related Art An encoder using a turbo code (hereinafter, referred to as a turbo encoder) encodes an N-bit input frame into parity symbols using two simple parallel concatenated codes, wherein an RSC (Recursive Systematic Convolutional) code is generally used as a component code. FIGs. 1 and 2 illustrate structures of a conventional parallel turbo encoder and decoder, which are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,446,747 by Berrou incorporated herein by reference. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional turbo encoder. The turbo encoder of FIG. 1 includes a first constituent encoder 12, a second constituent encoder 14 and an interleaver 16 interconnected therebetween. For the first and second constituent encoders 12 and 14, an RSC encoder can be used, which is well known in the art. The interleaver 16 has the same size as a frame length of the input data (i.e., N bits), and decreases the correlation of the input data bitstream dk provided to the second constituent encoder 14. Therefore, the parallel concatenated codes for the input data bitstream, dk, become xk (i.e., dk without modification), and ylk, and y2k the outputs of the first 12 and second 14 constituent encoders. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional burbo decoder. The turbo decoder includes an adder 18, subtracters 20 and 22, a soft decision circuit 24, delays 26, 28 and 30, and MAP (Maximum A Posterior Probability) decoders 32 and 34. The turbo decoder further includes an interleaver 36 which is identical to the interleaver 16 of FIG. 1, and deinterleavers 38 and 40. The turbo decoder repeatedly decodes data received by the frame unit using a MAP decoding algorithm, thereby increasing a bit error rate (BER). For implementation of turbo decoder SOVA (Soft output viterbi algorithm) could be used instead of said MAP decoding algorithm. The utilization of interleaver 16 of the turbo encoder of FIG. 1 implies that encoding and decoding should be performed as a frame unit. Accordingly, it can be appreciated thatthe required memory and calculations required for the MAP decoders 32 and 34, shown in FIG. 2 are proportional to a value obtained by multiplying the frame size by a number of states of the first and second constituent encoders 12 and 14 of FIG. 1. In a mobile communication system, voice and data are transmitted at a data rate of several Kbps to several Mbps, and a frame length of data input to a channel encoder may vary from several ms (milliseconds) to several hundred ms. For example, in the case where the data is transmitted at a data rate of over 32Kbps. The number of data input to the turbo encoder is larger due to high data rate, the turbo decoder requires more memory and calculations to decode the received data. The turbo encoder shows a property that an error correction performance is enhanced as the frame length of the input data becomes longer, however increasing the memory and calculations required in a decoder. In addition, if the length of the input frame is too short e.q., less than 8kbps/10 ms, the interleaver 16 in the turbo encoder cannot sufficiently increase the correlation among the input data, thereby deteriorating the error correction performance. That is, when the frame length of the input data is longer (or input data rate is high), the turbo encoder structured as shown in FIG. 1 and the turbo decoder structured as shown in FIG. 2 require a lot of calculations andmemory to perform encoding and decoding. Otherwise, when the frame length of the input data is shorter or the data rate of input data is lower, the turbo encoder may exhibit lower performance results, as compared with a convolutional encoder or a concatenated encoder (convolutional encoder + RS encoder), thereby increasing the BER. Accordingly, it is possible to decrease the required calculations and memory capacity required for decoding by appropriately varying the processing size of the data input to the turbo encoder, independent of the data rate for the corresponding service, while fully securing the high BER required in the communication system. According to the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a channel encoding/decoding apparatus is provided including a first constituent encoder for encoding data bits of a super frame or plurality of sub frames, an interleaver for interleaving the data bits of the super frame or sub frames, and a second constituent encoder for encoding the interleaved data bits of the super frame or sub frames. The second constituent encoder is coupled to the output of the interleaver. The channel encoding/decoding apparatus can be used as part of a base station or mobile station. The novel turbo encoder would be included as part of a channel transmitter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The turbo encoer makes a determination as to whether to segment one input frame into several sub frames or assemble several input frames into one super frame. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a channel encoding device and method for variably encoding input data frames to sub or super frames of appropriate length according to QoS(quality of service) of data to transmit. It is another object of the present invention to provide a channel decoding device and method for decoding encoded frame data whose frame length is appropriately varied according to the QoS (quality of service) of data to transmit. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo channel encoding/decoding device and method for segmenting a long input frame or high data rate into multiple sub framesto be encode d, and for separately decoding the divided encoded sub frames and then recombining the decoded sub frames into the original frame length. It is further still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo channel encoding/decoding device and method for combining short input frames or low data rate into a super frame having an appropriate length to encode the assembled super frame, decoding the assembled encoded super frame and then recombining the decoded super frame into the original frames. It is further still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo channel encoding/decoding device and method for determining an optimal length of the sub/super frames by analyzing a quality of service (QoS) such as frame length, time delay tolerance, error tolerance, receiver complexity (especially receiver memory), a data rate correspondence to a service type of input frame data to be transmitted, and segmenting or combining an input data frame into sub or super frames according to the determination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like parts. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a conventional turbo encoder; FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a conventional turbo decoder; FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a channel transmitter including a turbo encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for combining turbo and encodiong input frames according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for segmenting an input frame and turbo encoding the segmented frames according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a channel receiver including a turbo decoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail. Communication systems of the future will have capabilities for providing a plurality of services with varying QoS (Quality of Service) characteristics, and QoS parameters including a time delay, BER, and frame error rate (FER)Services may be generally divided into high error rate services and low error rate services. Those services which can be provided with a high error rate include: voice service which requires a relatively short time delay, and a short message service (SMS) which permitsa long time delay. On the other hand, services requiringa low error rate include: a video conference service requiring a short time delay, and a still image or Internet file transfer service allowing a relatively longer time delay. Further, the same service may have different time delays and data rates. For example, in the image service for transmitting and receiving moving picture information, a data rate is 32-2048Kbps and a permissible time delay is in the range of 10-400ms: the data rate and the permissible time delay can be, however, varied according to a number of criteria including: a class of the user or terminal using the service, a class of the base station providing the service or a channel condition during the corresponding service. In a CDMA mobile communication system in particular, since the output power of a base station or a mobile station is limited, it is inadequate to increase a transmission power of only a certain user for a high quality service. This is because when the transmission power of the specific user is increased, interference to other users will increase in proportion to the increased transmission power. Therefore, there is a demand for a method capable of providing various multimedia services with reduced interference to the other users by minimizing an increase in the transmission power. In another example, a short frame packet data transmission service requires a low data rate and a very low error rate. However, if the time delay is out of the question, it is reasonable to decrease the error rate even though the time delay is somewhat increased. Therefore in this invention provide super frame concept. In the meantime, the turbo encoder, for forward error correction, shows a property that the bit error rate (BER) or the frame error rate (FER) are varied according to the data size of frame (the number of data bits to be processed in a time) determined by length of the input data frame and data rate. The turbo encoder consists of constituent encoders having a short constraint length, however, the error correction capability is improved as the correlation between the data input to the respective constituent encoders is decreased, due to the existence of the interleaver in the turbo encoder. The correlation between the data input to the respective constituent encoders becomes lower, as the data size of frame input to the turbo encoder becomes much more. Therefore, an increase in the frame length of the input data improves the error correction capability. However, an increase in length of the input frame causes an increase in the time delay at the encoder and the decoder. FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration of a channel transmitter including a turbo encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The turbo encoder shown in FIG. 3 segments one input frame into several sub frames or assembles several input frames into one super frame by counting bits of the input user data in accordance with provided message information, and thereafter encodes the segmented or assembled frames with a turbo code to transmit the encoded frames via a transmission channel. The term message information as used herein refers to information about the QoS, i.e., service type, rate of data such as voice, character, image and moving picture data, size of the input data frame, permissible delay, and permissible error. The message information is exchanged between a base station and a mobile station during a call setup and the exchange of the message information is continued till termination of the corresponding service. Further, predetermined information between the base station and the mobile station predetermined during the call setup can also be varied during the corresponding service by data exchanging. That is, the message information including information representing the size of the frame to be processed in the turbo encodercan be reset according to a rate of the data to be serviced. For example, when 10ms frame data is serviced at a data rate of 2048Kbps, one data frameconsists of 20480 bits. In this case, the turbo encoder according to the present invention segments (or divides) the 10ms frame into 10/4ms subframes and then, turbo encodes four 5120-bit subframe and then recombining four encoded sub frame into 10 ms frame for channel interleaving.. The turbo decoder then decodes the four encoded subframes and recombines them into one 20480-bit 10 ms frame. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a channel transmitter including a turbo encoder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, user data (UD) is received by a source data encoder 42. The user data UD has a data rate of over several tens of Kbps, such as character, image and moving picture data, as distinguished from voice data having a much lower data rate on the order of several Kbps. The source data encoder 42 encodes the received user data UD by the fixed length frame whose length is determined in accordance with the service type and then provides the encoded fixed length frame data to an input of a bit counter 50. For example, the source data encoder 42 typically encodes voice data with a 10ms frame format, character data with a 20ms frame format, image data with an 80ms frame format, and moving picture data with a 40ms frame format, and provides the respective encoded data into the bit counter 50. The processing size can be different with respect to data rate or frame length. The frame length unit can be fixed 10 ms or fixed 20 ms. A central processing unit (CPU) 46 transfers information about the QoS, i.e., service type of the user data to be transmitted (e.g., voice, character, image or moving picture) and the data rate to a message information receiver 108 of FIG. 6 via a message information transmitter 44. The channel transmission device of FIG. 3 can be equally applied to both the base station and the mobile station. Although the present invention is described with reference to an embodiment which transmits the message information to the decoder using a separate transmitter, it is also possible to transmit the data size information by loading it in a head area of a transmission frame during data. Referring to FIG. 3, the CPU 46 reads, from a frame segment/assemble information storage unit 48, QoS information including information about service type of data to be transmitted, corresponding data rate, permissible delay, permissible error rate (BER or FER) and frame length, and information about service class of the base station or the mobile station. Next, the CPU 46 makes a determination to segment the received frame and therefore must also determine the size and number of the segmented frames, using the read information. Alternatively, when constructing a super frame, the CPU 46 may determine to assemble the required frames and therefore must also determine the number of frames to be assembled, using the read information. Based on the determination, the CPU 46 provides a frame segment/assemble control signal and an interleaving mode signal to the bit counter 50 and a programmable interleaver 52, respectively, to perform turbo encoding. That is, according to the QoS of the data to transmit, the CPU 46 determines how many consecutive input frames should be assembled to generate a super frame, or alternatively determines the number of sub frames which will be generated by segmenting one input frame. The turbo encoder then turbo encodes data bits of the super frame or data bits of the respective sub frames. As previously stated, the QoS may include input frame length, user data rate, permissible delay, permissible error rate, etc. The size of the input frame can be determined based on input frame length and user data rate. In determining whether to segment or assemble the frames by the CPU 46, the following criteria are considered. In general, for transmittingpacket data, the mobile communication system uses a low data rate of below several tens of Kbps, with a transmission delay from several tens to several hundeds ms (milliseconds) and requires a BER on the order of 10-2-10-4. For example, if the output frame of the source data encoder 42 is 10ms long and a permissible delay time permitted in the turbo encoder is 40ms, it is possible to assemble four 10ms frames output from the source data encoder 42 into one super frame, which will be input to the turbo encoder. Therefore, the error rate of assembled packet data can be decreased. For transmitting character, image and moving picture data, the mobile communication system has a permissible transmission delay from several tens ms to several hundreds ms and requires a BER of 10-6-10-7. The performance of the turbo encoder is increased as the frame length of the input data is enhanced. However, additional calculations and memory is required in the turbo decoder. There is a trade off between performance and decoder complexity. In case of the packet data service, for example, it is possible to satisfy both the required BER and moderate decoder complexity by enabling the CPU 46 to generate a sub/super frame control signal for segmenting/combining the output data from the source data encoder 42, of M-bit length, into sub/super frames of N-bit length. That is, the frame segment/assemble information storage unit 48 stores frame segment/assemble information for increasing the length N of the sub/super frame for a service requiring the low BER and for decreasing the length N of the sub/super frame for a service requiring a short time delay and a high BER. The CPU 46 reads the frame segment/assemble information from the frame segment/assemble information storage 48 according to the service type and the frame length of the input data. Segmenting/combining the frames input to the turbo encoder can be more readily appreciated from the following example. Assume a frame size of the data input to the turbo encoder is 20480 bits/10ms, for a low BER service having a data rate 2048 Kbps. In the mobile station providing the above service, the turbo decoder requires a memory capacity which is proportional to 20480 bits multiplied by number of soft decision bits. An increase in the memory capacity of the mobile station causes an increase in complexity and cost of the mobile station. However, in the service having a data rate of 2048Kbps/10ms, if the channel encoder divides (i.e., segments) a frame input to the turbo encoder into four sub frames (i.e., 10ms/4) and encodes the sub frames, and a turbo decoder in the channel decoder then decodes the sub frames and recombines the decoded sub frames into the original frame, the turbo decoder requires a memory capacity which is proportional to 5120 bits by the number of soft decision bits, thereby causing a reduction in the required memory capacity. Furthermore, for a low BER (e.q. 10-6 - 10-7) service having a low data rate of 32Kbps/10ms, each data frame input to the turbo encoder will consist of 320 bits. If encoding is performed at a data rate of 32Kbps/80ms (i.e., each frame consists of 2560 bits), the time delay is somewhat increased, as compared with the case where turbo encoding is performed at the data rate of 32Kbps/10ms (i.e., each frame consists of 320 bits). However, it is possible to decrease the BER for the same signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/No) or decrease the Eb/No value for the same BER, thereby increasing the overall system capacity. In the mobile communication system, not all the users or mobile stations are provided with the same degree of services. Instead, the available data rate is limited according to the user class, the mobile station or the base station. In addition, the available data rate may be limited due to the memory capacity determined according to the class of the respective mobile stations. Accordingly, when the data rate is variable from 32Kbps to 2048Kbps according to the service type (or service option) and the permissible time delay also varies from 10ms to 400ms, the device according to the present invention can vary the length of the frames input to the turbo encoder according to the class of the user or mobile station, the class of the base station, service type or the channel condition while satisfying the required error rate of the corresponding service. For example, when the channel conditions is bad, the device according to the present invention can satisfy the error rate required by a corresponding service by increasing the length of the frames input to the turbo encoder and thereby permitting an increase in the time delay rather than increasing the transmission power. The frame segment/assemble information which is the message information being exchanged between the base station and the mobile station, has information about the size of the frames to be encoded/decoded, wherein the frame size may be determined according to the user data rate, input frame length, permissible delay permissible error rate and the channel condition, etc. The bit counter 50 counts N bits of the input data according to an N-bit frame segment/assemble control signal output from the CPU 46, and provides the counted N bits to the programmable interleaver 52 and first and second input buffers 54 and 56. The bit counter 50 also generates a bit count termination signal to the CPU 46 whenever it counts N bits of the input data. Therefore, it can be appreciated that the bit counter 50 segments or assembles the input frames into sub or super frames having a specific length, under the control of the CPU 46 which uses the QoS information, such as the service type and the data rate of the input data, stored in the frame segment/assemble information storage 48, and provides the sub or super frames to the programmable interleaver 52 and the first and second input buffers 54 and 56. An interleaving processor 72, a component of the programmable interleaver 52, reads interleaving parameters from an interleaving parameter storage 70 according to an interleaving mode control signal output from the CPU 46 to process the read interleaving parameters, and provides the processing result to an interleaving address mapper 74. Here, the CPU 46 provides the interleaving processor 72 with the following interleaving information. First, in the case where a turbo interleaver having a single interleaving method is used as the interleaver 52, optimal parameter values are provided as the interleaving information. The optimal parameter values are determined to have the highest performance according to the length of the data information bits sequence to be interleaved. The parameter values can be determined by experimentally obtained value. Second, in the case where a turbo interleaver having one or more interleaving methods is used as the interleaver 52, optimal parameter values are provided as the interleaving information and are determined to have the highest performance through experiments according to the length of the information bits for interleaving and the variable length of the interleaver in the corresponding interleaving mode. For example, in the case where the required transmission delay time is short and the input data frame of the turbo encoder (i.e., the output data frame of the source data encoder 42) is small in size (or length), a uniform interleaver such as a block interleaver or a cyclic shift interleaver is used for the interleaver 52. Otherwise, in the case where the required transmission delay time is relatively long and the input data frame is large in size, a non-uniform interleaver such as a random interleaver is used for the interleaver 52. From the foregoing description, it could be appreciated that various interleavers can be used according to the size of the data to be interleaved. The interleaving address mapper 74 receives either sub or supOer frames of N-bit length segmented or assembled by the bit counter 50 the interleaving address mapper 74 maps the input bits to the interleaved input data buffer address corresponding to the interleaving processing result so as to perform interleaving, and provides the first interleaved sub or super frame data to an interleaved input data buffer (ILIB) 78 in the first buffer 54 alternately provide the second interleaved sub or super frame data to an ILIB 90 in the second buffer 56. The first and second input buffers 54 and 56 each include two input switches, two output switches, an input data save buffer (IDSB) with input and output ports connected to ones of the input and output switches, and the ILIB with input and output ports connected to the other ones of the input and output switches. In the drawing, reference numerals 76 and 88 denote IDSBs, reference numerals 78 and 90 denote ILIBs, reference numerals 80, 84, 92 and 96 denote input switches, and reference numerals 82, 86, 94 and 98 denote output switches. All the switches are controlled by the CPU 46. The switches 80, 82, 84 and 86 in the first input buffer 54 operate as a mirror image in alternation with the switches 92, 94, 96 and 98 in the second input buffer 56. That is, input switches 80 and 84 in the first input buffer 54 are in the ON state and the output switches 82 and 86 are in the OFF state, while the input switches 92 and 96 in the second input buffer 56 are in the OFF state and the output switches 94 and 98 are in the ON state. Accordingly, when the bit counter 50 counts N bits of the input data under the control of the CPU 46, the data output from the bit counter is first stored in the IDSB 76 in the first buffer 54 through the input switch 80 which is initially in the ON state. At this moment, the counted data bits output from the bit counter 50 are interleaved by the programmable interleaver 52 and then stored in the ILIB 78 in the first input buffer 54 through the switch 84. If the bit counter 50 generates a bit count termination signal for the sub/super frame of N- bit length, the CPU 46 then repeats the above procedure after switching the first input buffer 54 to an output state and the second input buffer 56 to an input state. As a result, the next N bits counted from the bit counter 50 and the interleaved data from the programmable interleaver 52 are stored in the IDSB 88 and the ILIB 90 in the second input buffer 56, respectively. During this operation, a first RSC (RSC1) 58 and a second RSC (RSC2) 60 receive the N-bit sub/super frame data and the corresponding interleaved data output from the IDSB 76 and ILIB 78 in the first input buffer through the output switches 82 and 86, respectively, and then performs turbo encoding by the N-bit frame unit in the same manner as the turbo encoder of FIG. 1. Next, when the N-bit frame data is completely stored in the second input buffer 56, the first input buffer 54 is again switched to the input state and the second input buffer 56 to the output state. Therefore, the RSC1 58 and the RSC2 60 turbo encode the data which are alternately output by the N-bit frame unit from the first and second input buffers 54 and 56. The turbo encoded bits from the RSC1 58 and the RSC2 60 are multiplexed by a multiplexer 62 and then interleaved by a channel interleaver 64. In the case where the several input frames are assembled into one super frame and the data is turbo encoded by the super frame unit, the channel interleaver 64 performs channel interleaving by the super frame unit as shown in FIG. 4. On the other hand, when one input frame is segmented into several sub frames and the data is turbo encoded by the sub frame unit, the channel interleaving is performed by the input frame unit as shown in FIG. 5. That is, the channel interleaver 64 performs channel interleaving by combining the output symbols of the turbo encoder, encoded by the super frame or sub frame unit, as large in size as the input frame. The interleaved data is modulated by a modulator 66 and then transmitted through a transmission channel 68. Thus, the novel channel transmission device shown in FIG. 3 assembles the input data frames into super frames to increase the bit number N when a low BER is required from an analysis of the QoS information such as the user s service type (e.g., voice, character, image and moving picture). Otherwise, when a low decoder complexity is required, the novel channel transmission device segments the input data frame into subframes to decrease the bit number N per frame. In this manner, the channel transmission device can maximize the efficiency of the turbo encoder/decoder. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the invention, wherein the frames are assembled at a low or medium data rate and then turbo encoded. For example, a parameter J can be varied from 1 to 8 according to the number of the frames to be assembled. In the turbo encoder, the bit number of an input data frame, which is determined by multiplying the bit number of original frame by the frame number, J, may be limited depend on user data rate and decoder complexity. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining operation of the invention, wherein a frame dataprovided at a high data rate is segmented and then turbo encoded. A parameter I can be varied from 1 to 4 according to the number of the segmented sub frames. Likewise, in the turbo encoder, the bit number of an input data frame, which is determined by a value obtained by dividing the bit number of original frame by the number, I, of the segmented sub frames, may be limited depend on user data rate and permissible error rate. The data on the transmission channel transmitted by the turbo channel encoder of FIG. 3 is decoded into the original data by the turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6, which is more fully described from the following description. FIG. 6 illustrates the turbo channel decoder configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention. The turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6 counts bits of the user data input by the N-bit sub frame unit according to message information to decode the input user data and thereafter, assembles the decoded data into frames having the original length, thereby recombining the user data. When the user data consists of b N-bit super frame, the turbo decoder decodes the input user data and thereafter segments the decoded data into frames having the original length, thereby segmenting the user data. Referring to FIG. 6, upon receiving a frame of N-bit length through the transmission channel 68, a demodulator 100 demodulates the received frame data and provides the demodulated data to a channel deinterleaver 102. The channel deinterleaver 102 descrambles the demodulated data frame and applies it to a demultiplexer 104, which demultiplexes the multiplexed data symbols and parity symbols and provides the demultiplexed symbols to a bit counter 106. Here, a message information receiver 108 receives message information regarding the service type of the user and the data rate that the message information transmitter 44 of FIG. 3 has transmitted, and provides the received message information to a CPU 112. The CPU 112 analyzes the message information provided from the message information receiver 108 and reads frame segment/assemble information from a frame segment/assemble information storage 110 according to the analysis. Also, the CPU 112 analyzes the interleaving information included in the message information and provides an interleaving mode signal and a parameter value to an interleaver and a deinterleaver in a turbo decoder 116 according to the analysis, thereby performing turbo interleaving. In addition, when the receiving data is sub frame (actually the received data is a original frame size but the frame is encoded by sub frame unit), the CPU 112 outputs an N-bit frame segment control signal before turbo decoding and a frame recombine control signal after turbo decoding according to the read message information. Here, the information stored in the frame segment/assemble information storage 110 is similar to that stored in the frame segment/assemble information storage 48 of FIG. 3. When the receiving data is super frame, the CPU 112 controls turbo decoder to decode the received frame as it is and then a frame segmenting control signal after turbo decoding according to the read message information. The bit counter 106 consecutively provides the data output from the demultiplexer 104 to a frame buffer 114 by the N-bit sub frame unit according to the N-bit frame segment control signal. Switches 126 and 132 in the frame buffer 114 are initially in the ON state and the other switches 128 and 130 are initially in the OFF state. Therefore, the counted data bits output from the bit counter 106 are initially stored in a first N-frame buffer (N-FB1) 122. Upon completion of storing the N-bit data output from the bit counter 106 in the N-FB1 122, the bit counter 106 generates an N-bit count termination signal. Upon detecting the N- bit count termination signal, the CPU 112 turns off switches 126 and 132 in the frame buffer 114 and turns on the other switches 130 and 128. Then, the N-bit data output from the bit counter 106 is stored in a second N-frame buffer (N- FB2) 124. At this moment, the received data stored in the N-FB1 122 is decoded by a turbo decoder 116 having the same structure as that of FIG. 2. Accordingly, under the control of the CPU 112, the N-FB1 122 and the N-FB2 124 in the frame buffer 114 alternately receive and store the data output by the N-bit unit from the bit counter 106, and the stored data is decoded by the turbo decoder 116. When user data decoded by sub frame unit, the decoded data output from the turbo decoder 116 is recombined into the frames of the original length by a frame recombiner 118 which is controlled by the CPU 112, and then output as the user data through a source data decoder 120. In summary, the turbo decoder 116, broadly described, receives a super frame consisting of multiple frames or multiple sub frames segmented from a frame, and turbo decodes the received frames. The frame recombiner 118, under the control of the CPU 112, recombines, when user data decoded by sub frame unit the output of the turbo decoder 116 into the original frames in response to information about the frame size and number of the frames constituting the sub frames or information about the number of the sub frames segmented from the input frame and the size of the sub frames. The frame recombiner 118, under control of the CPU 112 segments when user data decoded by super frame unit, the output of the turbo decoder 116 into the original frames in response to information about the frame size and number of the frames constituting super frame. Another aspect of this invention, the turbo encoder of the present invention also includes a method in which any one of the bit counter 50 and the buffers 54 and 56 for interleaving, shown in FIG. 3, is not required. In the frame combining operation, the data bits are sequentially stored in the memory (i.e, buffer 54 or 56) for interleaving the number of the frames to be assembled. Data bits are sequentially output to the RSC1 in the turbo encoder in quantities equivalent to the number of non-interleaved assembled frames size. Data bits are output to the RSC2 in quantities equivalent to the number of assembled frame size which are interleaved according to the addresses of the interleaving address mapper generated by the interleaving processor. In another exemplary method, in the frame segmenting operation, the input data bits are sequentially stored in the memory for interleaving. Data bits are sequentially output to the RSCl in the turbo decoder in quantities equivalent to the size of the segmented frame size. Data bits are interleaved to the RSC2 and output in quantities equivalent to the size of the assembled frame size. Accordingly, the turbo channel encoder of FIG. 3 and the turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6 assemble input data frames into a super frame to encode and decode the input frames by the super frame unit when the input data frames are too short, and segment an input frame into multiple sub frames to encode and decode the input frame by the sub frame unit when the input frame is too long, to increase transmission efficiency. As described above, the embodiment of the present invention segments/assembles input frames into sub/super frames of an appropriate length when the input data frame is very long or short, and then encodes and decodes the sub/super frames. In this manner, it is possible to reduce the number of required calculations and memory capacity required in the decoder, while fully securing the performance of the turbo code encoder. While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a certain preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims We Claim: 1. A mobile communication system, comprising: a processor (46) for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose a super frame; and a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame consisting of more than one input data frame. 2. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turbo encoder comprises: a first constituent encoder (58) for encoding data of the super frame; an interleaver (52) for interleaving the data of the super frame; and a second constituent encoder (60), operably connected to said interleaver (52) , for encoding the interleaved data of the super frame. 3. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said interleaver (52) comprises an interleaving address mapper (74) for interleaving the data of the super frame. 4. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a multiplexer (62) for multiplexing respective outputs of the first and second constituent encoders (58,60); and a channel interleaver (64) for interleaving an output of the multiplexer (62). 5. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor (46) determines to concatenate the input data frames if the data rate of the input data frame is less than 32kbps/10ms. 6. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of input data frames to make the super frame is determined by a data size ofa frame. 7. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined by a permissible delay. 8. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined by a permissible error rate. 9. The mobile, communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined by a receiver memory size. 10.The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 11. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising the steps of: concatenating the number of the input data frames into a super frame; and turbo encoding data of the super frame consisting of more than one input data frame. 12. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the turbo encoding step further comprises the steps of: encoding data of the super frame; interleaving data of the super frame; and encoding data of the interleaved super frame. 13. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising the step of channel interleaving the turbo encoded data in accordance with the size of the super frame. 14. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor determines to concatenate the input data frames if the data rate of the input data frame is less than 32kbps/10ms. 15. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number of input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a permissible delay. 16. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number of input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a permissible error rate. 17. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number of input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a receiver memory size. 18. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 19. A mobile communication system having turbo decoder, comprising: a decoder (116) for turbo decoding data being received as a super frame including a plurality of original input data frames; and a frame reconstructor (118) for segmenting an output of the turbo decoder (116) into a number of original input data frames in accordance with a message information about the original input data frames constituting said super frame. 20. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 19, further comprising a processor (112) for determining a number and a size of original input data frames constituting said super frame based upon received message information about the number and the size of the original input data frames combined into the super frame, and providing the determined number and size information to the frame reconstructor (118). 21. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 19, wherein said message information is received during a call setup. 22. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 23. A channel decoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising the steps of: turbo decoding data received as a super frame including a plurality of original input data frames; and segmenting an output of the decoder into a number of original input data frames in accordance with message information about the original input data frames constituting said super frame. 24. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 25. A mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising: a processor for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose a super frame when a data rate of the input data frame is less than a predetermined value; a first constituent encoder for encoding data of the super frame; an interleaver for interleaving the data of the super frame; a second constituent encoder for encoding output of the interleaver; and a channel interleaver for interleaving the output of the turbo encoder. 26. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the predetermined value is 32kbps/10ms. 27. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 28. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising the steps of: comparing a data rate of input data frames to a turbo encoder with a predetermined value; composing a super frame if the data rate is less than the predetermined value;and turbo encoding the super frame which is composed of a plurality of input data frames. 29. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the predetermined value is less than 32kbps/10ms. 30. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. 31. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising the steps of: determining a number of input data frames to construct a super frame according to a QoS(Quality of Service); concatenating the number of input data frames into a super frame; and turbo encoding data of the super frame. 32. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the turbo encoding step further comprises the steps of: encoding data of the super frame; interleaving data of the super frame; and encoding data of the interleaved super frame. 33. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising the step of channel interleaving the turbo encoded data in accordance with the size of the super frame. 34. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS comprises a data rate. 35. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 34, wherein the data rate is less than 32kbps/10ms. 36. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS comprises a permissible delay. 37. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS comprises a permissible error rate. 38. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS comprises a receiver memory size. 39. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the size of input data frame is variable. The invention relates to a mobile communication system, comprising a processor (46) for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose a super frame, and a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame consisting of more than one input data frame.

Full Text

TURBO ENCODING/DECODING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR
PROCESSING FRAME DATA ACCORDING TO QoS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a device and method for
encoding/decoding a channel data in a mobile communication system, and in
particular, to a device and method for encoding/decoding a channel data using a
turbo code.
2. Description of the Related Art
An encoder using a turbo code (hereinafter, referred to as a turbo
encoder) encodes an N-bit input frame into parity symbols using two simple
parallel concatenated codes, wherein an RSC (Recursive Systematic
Convolutional) code is generally used as a component code.
FIGs. 1 and 2 illustrate structures of a conventional parallel turbo
encoder and decoder, which are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,446,747 by
Berrou incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional
turbo encoder. The turbo encoder of FIG. 1 includes a first constituent encoder
12, a second constituent encoder 14 and an interleaver 16 interconnected
therebetween. For the first and second constituent encoders 12 and 14, an RSC
encoder can be used, which is well known in the art. The interleaver 16 has the
same size as a frame length of the input data (i.e., N bits), and decreases the

correlation of the input data bitstream dk provided to the second constituent
encoder 14. Therefore, the parallel concatenated codes for the input data
bitstream, dk, become xk (i.e., dk without modification), and ylk, and y2k the
outputs of the first 12 and second 14 constituent encoders.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional
burbo decoder. The turbo decoder includes an adder 18, subtracters 20 and 22,
a soft decision circuit 24, delays 26, 28 and 30, and MAP (Maximum A
Posterior Probability) decoders 32 and 34. The turbo decoder further includes
an interleaver 36 which is identical to the interleaver 16 of FIG. 1, and
deinterleavers 38 and 40. The turbo decoder repeatedly decodes data received
by the frame unit using a MAP decoding algorithm, thereby increasing a bit
error rate (BER). For implementation of turbo decoder SOVA (Soft output
viterbi algorithm) could be used instead of said MAP decoding algorithm.
The utilization of interleaver 16 of the turbo encoder of FIG. 1 implies
that encoding and decoding should be performed as a frame unit. Accordingly,
it can be appreciated thatthe required memory and calculations required for the
MAP decoders 32 and 34, shown in FIG. 2 are proportional to a value obtained
by multiplying the frame size by a number of states of the first and second
constituent encoders 12 and 14 of FIG. 1.
In a mobile communication system, voice and data are transmitted at a
data rate of several Kbps to several Mbps, and a frame length of data input to a
channel encoder may vary from several ms (milliseconds) to several hundred ms.
For example, in the case where the data is transmitted at a data rate of over
32Kbps. The number of data input to the turbo encoder is larger due to high data
rate, the turbo decoder requires more memory and calculations to decode the
received data. The turbo encoder shows a property that an error correction
performance is enhanced as the frame length of the input data becomes longer,

however increasing the memory and calculations required in a decoder.
In addition, if the length of the input frame is too short e.q., less than
8kbps/10 ms, the interleaver 16 in the turbo encoder cannot sufficiently increase
the correlation among the input data, thereby deteriorating the error correction
performance. That is, when the frame length of the input data is longer (or input
data rate is high), the turbo encoder structured as shown in FIG. 1 and the turbo
decoder structured as shown in FIG. 2 require a lot of calculations andmemory
to perform encoding and decoding. Otherwise, when the frame length of the
input data is shorter or the data rate of input data is lower, the turbo encoder
may exhibit lower performance results, as compared with a convolutional
encoder or a concatenated encoder (convolutional encoder + RS encoder),
thereby increasing the BER.
Accordingly, it is possible to decrease the required calculations and
memory capacity required for decoding by appropriately varying the processing
size of the data input to the turbo encoder, independent of the data rate for the
corresponding service, while fully securing the high BER required in the
communication system.
According to the present invention, as embodied and broadly described
herein, a channel encoding/decoding apparatus is provided including a first
constituent encoder for encoding data bits of a super frame or plurality of sub
frames, an interleaver for interleaving the data bits of the super frame or sub
frames, and a second constituent encoder for encoding the interleaved data bits
of the super frame or sub frames. The second constituent encoder is coupled to
the output of the interleaver.
The channel encoding/decoding apparatus can be used as part of a base
station or mobile station. The novel turbo encoder would be included as part of

a channel transmitter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The turbo
encoer makes a determination as to whether to segment one input frame into
several sub frames or assemble several input frames into one super frame.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a channel
encoding device and method for variably encoding input data frames to sub or
super frames of appropriate length according to QoS(quality of service) of data
to transmit.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a channel
decoding device and method for decoding encoded frame data whose frame
length is appropriately varied according to the QoS (quality of service) of data
to transmit.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo
channel encoding/decoding device and method for segmenting a long input
frame or high data rate into multiple sub framesto be encode d, and for
separately decoding the divided encoded sub frames and then recombining the
decoded sub frames into the original frame length.
It is further still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo
channel encoding/decoding device and method for combining short input frames
or low data rate into a super frame having an appropriate length to encode the
assembled super frame, decoding the assembled encoded super frame and then
recombining the decoded super frame into the original frames.
It is further still another object of the present invention to provide a turbo
channel encoding/decoding device and method for determining an optimal

length of the sub/super frames by analyzing a quality of service (QoS) such as
frame length, time delay tolerance, error tolerance, receiver complexity
(especially receiver memory), a data rate correspondence to a service type of
input frame data to be transmitted, and segmenting or combining an input data
frame into sub or super frames according to the determination.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description
when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like
reference numerals indicate like parts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a conventional turbo
encoder;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a conventional turbo
decoder;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a channel transmitter
including a turbo encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for combining turbo and
encodiong input frames according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for segmenting an input frame
and turbo encoding the segmented frames according to an embodiment of the
present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a channel receiver
including a turbo decoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described
hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following

description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail
since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail.
Communication systems of the future will have capabilities for providing
a plurality of services with varying QoS (Quality of Service) characteristics, and
QoS parameters including a time delay, BER, and frame error rate
(FER)Services may be generally divided into high error rate services and low
error rate services. Those services which can be provided with a high error rate
include: voice service which requires a relatively short time delay, and a short
message service (SMS) which permitsa long time delay. On the other hand,
services requiringa low error rate include: a video conference service requiring
a short time delay, and a still image or Internet file transfer service allowing a
relatively longer time delay. Further, the same service may have different time
delays and data rates.
For example, in the image service for transmitting and receiving moving
picture information, a data rate is 32-2048Kbps and a permissible time delay is
in the range of 10-400ms: the data rate and the permissible time delay can be,
however, varied according to a number of criteria including: a class of the user
or terminal using the service, a class of the base station providing the service or
a channel condition during the corresponding service. In a CDMA mobile
communication system in particular, since the output power of a base station or
a mobile station is limited, it is inadequate to increase a transmission power of
only a certain user for a high quality service. This is because when the
transmission power of the specific user is increased, interference to other users
will increase in proportion to the increased transmission power. Therefore, there
is a demand for a method capable of providing various multimedia services with
reduced interference to the other users by minimizing an increase in the
transmission power.

In another example, a short frame packet data transmission service
requires a low data rate and a very low error rate. However, if the time delay is
out of the question, it is reasonable to decrease the error rate even though the
time delay is somewhat increased. Therefore in this invention provide super
frame concept.
In the meantime, the turbo encoder, for forward error correction, shows
a property that the bit error rate (BER) or the frame error rate (FER) are varied
according to the data size of frame (the number of data bits to be processed in a
time) determined by length of the input data frame and data rate. The turbo
encoder consists of constituent encoders having a short constraint length,
however, the error correction capability is improved as the correlation between
the data input to the respective constituent encoders is decreased, due to the
existence of the interleaver in the turbo encoder. The correlation between the
data input to the respective constituent encoders becomes lower, as the data size
of frame input to the turbo encoder becomes much more. Therefore, an increase
in the frame length of the input data improves the error correction capability.
However, an increase in length of the input frame causes an increase in the time
delay at the encoder and the decoder.
FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration of a channel transmitter including a
turbo encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The turbo
encoder shown in FIG. 3 segments one input frame into several sub frames or
assembles several input frames into one super frame by counting bits of the
input user data in accordance with provided message information, and thereafter
encodes the segmented or assembled frames with a turbo code to transmit the
encoded frames via a transmission channel. The term message information
as used herein refers to information about the QoS, i.e., service type, rate of data
such as voice, character, image and moving picture data, size of the input data
frame, permissible delay, and permissible error. The message information is

exchanged between a base station and a mobile station during a call setup and
the exchange of the message information is continued till termination of the
corresponding service. Further, predetermined information between the base
station and the mobile station predetermined during the call setup can also be
varied during the corresponding service by data exchanging. That is, the
message information including information representing the size of the frame to
be processed in the turbo encodercan be reset according to a rate of the data to
be serviced. For example, when 10ms frame data is serviced at a data rate of
2048Kbps, one data frameconsists of 20480 bits. In this case, the turbo encoder
according to the present invention segments (or divides) the 10ms frame into
10/4ms subframes and then, turbo encodes four 5120-bit subframe and then
recombining four encoded sub frame into 10 ms frame for channel interleaving..
The turbo decoder then decodes the four encoded subframes and recombines
them into one 20480-bit 10 ms frame.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a channel transmitter including a turbo
encoder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, user data (UD) is received by a source data encoder
42. The user data UD has a data rate of over several tens of Kbps, such as
character, image and moving picture data, as distinguished from voice data
having a much lower data rate on the order of several Kbps. The source data
encoder 42 encodes the received user data UD by the fixed length frame whose
length is determined in accordance with the service type and then provides the
encoded fixed length frame data to an input of a bit counter 50. For example,
the source data encoder 42 typically encodes voice data with a 10ms frame
format, character data with a 20ms frame format, image data with an 80ms
frame format, and moving picture data with a 40ms frame format, and provides
the respective encoded data into the bit counter 50. The processing size can be
different with respect to data rate or frame length. The frame length unit can be

fixed 10 ms or fixed 20 ms. A central processing unit (CPU) 46 transfers
information about the QoS, i.e., service type of the user data to be transmitted
(e.g., voice, character, image or moving picture) and the data rate to a message
information receiver 108 of FIG. 6 via a message information transmitter 44.
The channel transmission device of FIG. 3 can be equally applied to both the
base station and the mobile station.
Although the present invention is described with reference to an
embodiment which transmits the message information to the decoder using a
separate transmitter, it is also possible to transmit the data size information by
loading it in a head area of a transmission frame during data.
Referring to FIG. 3, the CPU 46 reads, from a frame segment/assemble
information storage unit 48, QoS information including information about
service type of data to be transmitted, corresponding data rate, permissible delay,
permissible error rate (BER or FER) and frame length, and information about
service class of the base station or the mobile station. Next, the CPU 46 makes
a determination to segment the received frame and therefore must also
determine the size and number of the segmented frames, using the read
information. Alternatively, when constructing a super frame, the CPU 46 may
determine to assemble the required frames and therefore must also determine
the number of frames to be assembled, using the read information. Based on the
determination, the CPU 46 provides a frame segment/assemble control signal
and an interleaving mode signal to the bit counter 50 and a programmable
interleaver 52, respectively, to perform turbo encoding. That is, according to the
QoS of the data to transmit, the CPU 46 determines how many consecutive
input frames should be assembled to generate a super frame, or alternatively
determines the number of sub frames which will be generated by segmenting
one input frame. The turbo encoder then turbo encodes data bits of the super
frame or data bits of the respective sub frames. As previously stated, the QoS

may include input frame length, user data rate, permissible delay, permissible
error rate, etc. The size of the input frame can be determined based on input
frame length and user data rate.
In determining whether to segment or assemble the frames by the CPU
46, the following criteria are considered.
In general, for transmittingpacket data, the mobile communication
system uses a low data rate of below several tens of Kbps, with a transmission
delay from several tens to several hundeds ms (milliseconds) and requires a
BER on the order of 10-2-10-4. For example, if the output frame of the source
data encoder 42 is 10ms long and a permissible delay time permitted in the
turbo encoder is 40ms, it is possible to assemble four 10ms frames output from
the source data encoder 42 into one super frame, which will be input to the
turbo encoder. Therefore, the error rate of assembled packet data can be
decreased.
For transmitting character, image and moving picture data, the mobile
communication system has a permissible transmission delay from several tens
ms to several hundreds ms and requires a BER of 10-6-10-7. The performance
of the turbo encoder is increased as the frame length of the input data is
enhanced. However, additional calculations and memory is required in the
turbo decoder. There is a trade off between performance and decoder
complexity. In case of the packet data service, for example, it is possible to
satisfy both the required BER and moderate decoder complexity by enabling the
CPU 46 to generate a sub/super frame control signal for segmenting/combining
the output data from the source data encoder 42, of M-bit length, into sub/super
frames of N-bit length.
That is, the frame segment/assemble information storage unit 48 stores

frame segment/assemble information for increasing the length N of the
sub/super frame for a service requiring the low BER and for decreasing the
length N of the sub/super frame for a service requiring a short time delay and a
high BER. The CPU 46 reads the frame segment/assemble information from the
frame segment/assemble information storage 48 according to the service type
and the frame length of the input data.
Segmenting/combining the frames input to the turbo encoder can be
more readily appreciated from the following example. Assume a frame size of
the data input to the turbo encoder is 20480 bits/10ms, for a low BER service
having a data rate 2048 Kbps. In the mobile station providing the above service,
the turbo decoder requires a memory capacity which is proportional to 20480
bits multiplied by number of soft decision bits. An increase in the memory
capacity of the mobile station causes an increase in complexity and cost of the
mobile station.
However, in the service having a data rate of 2048Kbps/10ms, if the
channel encoder divides (i.e., segments) a frame input to the turbo encoder into
four sub frames (i.e., 10ms/4) and encodes the sub frames, and a turbo decoder
in the channel decoder then decodes the sub frames and recombines the decoded
sub frames into the original frame, the turbo decoder requires a memory
capacity which is proportional to 5120 bits by the number of soft decision bits,
thereby causing a reduction in the required memory capacity.
Furthermore, for a low BER (e.q. 10-6 - 10-7) service having a low data
rate of 32Kbps/10ms, each data frame input to the turbo encoder will consist of
320 bits. If encoding is performed at a data rate of 32Kbps/80ms (i.e., each
frame consists of 2560 bits), the time delay is somewhat increased, as compared
with the case where turbo encoding is performed at the data rate of
32Kbps/10ms (i.e., each frame consists of 320 bits). However, it is possible to

decrease the BER for the same signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/No) or decrease the
Eb/No value for the same BER, thereby increasing the overall system capacity.
In the mobile communication system, not all the users or mobile stations
are provided with the same degree of services. Instead, the available data rate is
limited according to the user class, the mobile station or the base station. In
addition, the available data rate may be limited due to the memory capacity
determined according to the class of the respective mobile stations. Accordingly,
when the data rate is variable from 32Kbps to 2048Kbps according to the
service type (or service option) and the permissible time delay also varies from
10ms to 400ms, the device according to the present invention can vary the
length of the frames input to the turbo encoder according to the class of the user
or mobile station, the class of the base station, service type or the channel
condition while satisfying the required error rate of the corresponding service.
For example, when the channel conditions is bad, the device according to the
present invention can satisfy the error rate required by a corresponding service
by increasing the length of the frames input to the turbo encoder and thereby
permitting an increase in the time delay rather than increasing the transmission
power.
The frame segment/assemble information which is the message
information being exchanged between the base station and the mobile station,
has information about the size of the frames to be encoded/decoded, wherein the
frame size may be determined according to the user data rate, input frame length,
permissible delay permissible error rate and the channel condition, etc.
The bit counter 50 counts N bits of the input data according to an N-bit
frame segment/assemble control signal output from the CPU 46, and provides
the counted N bits to the programmable interleaver 52 and first and second input
buffers 54 and 56. The bit counter 50 also generates a bit count termination

signal to the CPU 46 whenever it counts N bits of the input data. Therefore, it
can be appreciated that the bit counter 50 segments or assembles the input
frames into sub or super frames having a specific length, under the control of
the CPU 46 which uses the QoS information, such as the service type and the
data rate of the input data, stored in the frame segment/assemble information
storage 48, and provides the sub or super frames to the programmable
interleaver 52 and the first and second input buffers 54 and 56.
An interleaving processor 72, a component of the programmable
interleaver 52, reads interleaving parameters from an interleaving parameter
storage 70 according to an interleaving mode control signal output from the
CPU 46 to process the read interleaving parameters, and provides the processing
result to an interleaving address mapper 74. Here, the CPU 46 provides the
interleaving processor 72 with the following interleaving information.
First, in the case where a turbo interleaver having a single interleaving
method is used as the interleaver 52, optimal parameter values are provided as
the interleaving information. The optimal parameter values are determined to
have the highest performance according to the length of the data information
bits sequence to be interleaved. The parameter values can be determined by
experimentally obtained value.
Second, in the case where a turbo interleaver having one or more
interleaving methods is used as the interleaver 52, optimal parameter values are
provided as the interleaving information and are determined to have the highest
performance through experiments according to the length of the information bits
for interleaving and the variable length of the interleaver in the corresponding
interleaving mode. For example, in the case where the required transmission
delay time is short and the input data frame of the turbo encoder (i.e., the output
data frame of the source data encoder 42) is small in size (or length), a uniform

interleaver such as a block interleaver or a cyclic shift interleaver is used for the
interleaver 52. Otherwise, in the case where the required transmission delay
time is relatively long and the input data frame is large in size, a non-uniform
interleaver such as a random interleaver is used for the interleaver 52. From the
foregoing description, it could be appreciated that various interleavers can be
used according to the size of the data to be interleaved.
The interleaving address mapper 74 receives either sub or supOer frames
of N-bit length segmented or assembled by the bit counter 50 the interleaving
address mapper 74 maps the input bits to the interleaved input data buffer
address corresponding to the interleaving processing result so as to perform
interleaving, and provides the first interleaved sub or super frame data to an
interleaved input data buffer (ILIB) 78 in the first buffer 54 alternately provide
the second interleaved sub or super frame data to an ILIB 90 in the second
buffer 56.
The first and second input buffers 54 and 56 each include two input
switches, two output switches, an input data save buffer (IDSB) with input and
output ports connected to ones of the input and output switches, and the ILIB
with input and output ports connected to the other ones of the input and output
switches. In the drawing, reference numerals 76 and 88 denote IDSBs, reference
numerals 78 and 90 denote ILIBs, reference numerals 80, 84, 92 and 96 denote
input switches, and reference numerals 82, 86, 94 and 98 denote output switches.
All the switches are controlled by the CPU 46. The switches 80, 82, 84 and 86
in the first input buffer 54 operate as a mirror image in alternation with the
switches 92, 94, 96 and 98 in the second input buffer 56. That is, input switches
80 and 84 in the first input buffer 54 are in the ON state and the output switches
82 and 86 are in the OFF state, while the input switches 92 and 96 in the second
input buffer 56 are in the OFF state and the output switches 94 and 98 are in the
ON state.

Accordingly, when the bit counter 50 counts N bits of the input data
under the control of the CPU 46, the data output from the bit counter is first
stored in the IDSB 76 in the first buffer 54 through the input switch 80 which is
initially in the ON state. At this moment, the counted data bits output from the
bit counter 50 are interleaved by the programmable interleaver 52 and then
stored in the ILIB 78 in the first input buffer 54 through the switch 84. If the bit
counter 50 generates a bit count termination signal for the sub/super frame of N-
bit length, the CPU 46 then repeats the above procedure after switching the first
input buffer 54 to an output state and the second input buffer 56 to an input state.
As a result, the next N bits counted from the bit counter 50 and the interleaved
data from the programmable interleaver 52 are stored in the IDSB 88 and the
ILIB 90 in the second input buffer 56, respectively.
During this operation, a first RSC (RSC1) 58 and a second RSC (RSC2)
60 receive the N-bit sub/super frame data and the corresponding interleaved
data output from the IDSB 76 and ILIB 78 in the first input buffer through the
output switches 82 and 86, respectively, and then performs turbo encoding by
the N-bit frame unit in the same manner as the turbo encoder of FIG. 1.
Next, when the N-bit frame data is completely stored in the second input
buffer 56, the first input buffer 54 is again switched to the input state and the
second input buffer 56 to the output state. Therefore, the RSC1 58 and the
RSC2 60 turbo encode the data which are alternately output by the N-bit frame
unit from the first and second input buffers 54 and 56.
The turbo encoded bits from the RSC1 58 and the RSC2 60 are
multiplexed by a multiplexer 62 and then interleaved by a channel interleaver 64.
In the case where the several input frames are assembled into one super frame
and the data is turbo encoded by the super frame unit, the channel interleaver 64

performs channel interleaving by the super frame unit as shown in FIG. 4. On
the other hand, when one input frame is segmented into several sub frames and
the data is turbo encoded by the sub frame unit, the channel interleaving is
performed by the input frame unit as shown in FIG. 5. That is, the channel
interleaver 64 performs channel interleaving by combining the output symbols
of the turbo encoder, encoded by the super frame or sub frame unit, as large in
size as the input frame. The interleaved data is modulated by a modulator 66
and then transmitted through a transmission channel 68.
Thus, the novel channel transmission device shown in FIG. 3 assembles
the input data frames into super frames to increase the bit number N when a low
BER is required from an analysis of the QoS information such as the user s
service type (e.g., voice, character, image and moving picture). Otherwise,
when a low decoder complexity is required, the novel channel transmission
device segments the input data frame into subframes to decrease the bit number
N per frame. In this manner, the channel transmission device can maximize the
efficiency of the turbo encoder/decoder.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the invention, wherein
the frames are assembled at a low or medium data rate and then turbo encoded.
For example, a parameter J can be varied from 1 to 8 according to the number of
the frames to be assembled. In the turbo encoder, the bit number of an input
data frame, which is determined by multiplying the bit number of original frame
by the frame number, J, may be limited depend on user data rate and decoder
complexity.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining operation of the invention, wherein a
frame dataprovided at a high data rate is segmented and then turbo encoded. A
parameter I can be varied from 1 to 4 according to the number of the segmented
sub frames. Likewise, in the turbo encoder, the bit number of an input data

frame, which is determined by a value obtained by dividing the bit number of
original frame by the number, I, of the segmented sub frames, may be limited
depend on user data rate and permissible error rate.
The data on the transmission channel transmitted by the turbo channel
encoder of FIG. 3 is decoded into the original data by the turbo channel decoder
of FIG. 6, which is more fully described from the following description.
FIG. 6 illustrates the turbo channel decoder configuration according to an
embodiment of the present invention. The turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6
counts bits of the user data input by the N-bit sub frame unit according to
message information to decode the input user data and thereafter, assembles the
decoded data into frames having the original length, thereby recombining the
user data.
When the user data consists of b N-bit super frame, the turbo decoder
decodes the input user data and thereafter segments the decoded data into
frames having the original length, thereby segmenting the user data.
Referring to FIG. 6, upon receiving a frame of N-bit length through the
transmission channel 68, a demodulator 100 demodulates the received frame
data and provides the demodulated data to a channel deinterleaver 102. The
channel deinterleaver 102 descrambles the demodulated data frame and applies
it to a demultiplexer 104, which demultiplexes the multiplexed data symbols
and parity symbols and provides the demultiplexed symbols to a bit counter 106.
Here, a message information receiver 108 receives message information
regarding the service type of the user and the data rate that the message
information transmitter 44 of FIG. 3 has transmitted, and provides the received
message information to a CPU 112.
The CPU 112 analyzes the message information provided from the

message information receiver 108 and reads frame segment/assemble
information from a frame segment/assemble information storage 110 according
to the analysis. Also, the CPU 112 analyzes the interleaving information
included in the message information and provides an interleaving mode signal
and a parameter value to an interleaver and a deinterleaver in a turbo decoder
116 according to the analysis, thereby performing turbo interleaving. In addition,
when the receiving data is sub frame (actually the received data is a original
frame size but the frame is encoded by sub frame unit), the CPU 112 outputs an
N-bit frame segment control signal before turbo decoding and a frame
recombine control signal after turbo decoding according to the read message
information. Here, the information stored in the frame segment/assemble
information storage 110 is similar to that stored in the frame segment/assemble
information storage 48 of FIG. 3.
When the receiving data is super frame, the CPU 112 controls turbo
decoder to decode the received frame as it is and then a frame segmenting
control signal after turbo decoding according to the read message information.
The bit counter 106 consecutively provides the data output from the
demultiplexer 104 to a frame buffer 114 by the N-bit sub frame unit according
to the N-bit frame segment control signal. Switches 126 and 132 in the frame
buffer 114 are initially in the ON state and the other switches 128 and 130 are
initially in the OFF state.
Therefore, the counted data bits output from the bit counter 106 are
initially stored in a first N-frame buffer (N-FB1) 122. Upon completion of
storing the N-bit data output from the bit counter 106 in the N-FB1 122, the bit
counter 106 generates an N-bit count termination signal. Upon detecting the N-
bit count termination signal, the CPU 112 turns off switches 126 and 132 in the
frame buffer 114 and turns on the other switches 130 and 128. Then, the N-bit

data output from the bit counter 106 is stored in a second N-frame buffer (N-
FB2) 124. At this moment, the received data stored in the N-FB1 122 is
decoded by a turbo decoder 116 having the same structure as that of FIG. 2.
Accordingly, under the control of the CPU 112, the N-FB1 122 and the
N-FB2 124 in the frame buffer 114 alternately receive and store the data output
by the N-bit unit from the bit counter 106, and the stored data is decoded by the
turbo decoder 116. When user data decoded by sub frame unit, the decoded data
output from the turbo decoder 116 is recombined into the frames of the original
length by a frame recombiner 118 which is controlled by the CPU 112, and then
output as the user data through a source data decoder 120.
In summary, the turbo decoder 116, broadly described, receives a super
frame consisting of multiple frames or multiple sub frames segmented from a
frame, and turbo decodes the received frames. The frame recombiner 118, under
the control of the CPU 112, recombines, when user data decoded by sub frame
unit the output of the turbo decoder 116 into the original frames in response to
information about the frame size and number of the frames constituting the sub
frames or information about the number of the sub frames segmented from the
input frame and the size of the sub frames.
The frame recombiner 118, under control of the CPU 112 segments when
user data decoded by super frame unit, the output of the turbo decoder 116 into
the original frames in response to information about the frame size and number
of the frames constituting super frame.
Another aspect of this invention, the turbo encoder of the present
invention also includes a method in which any one of the bit counter 50 and the
buffers 54 and 56 for interleaving, shown in FIG. 3, is not required. In the
frame combining operation, the data bits are sequentially stored in the memory

(i.e, buffer 54 or 56) for interleaving the number of the frames to be assembled.
Data bits are sequentially output to the RSC1 in the turbo encoder in quantities
equivalent to the number of non-interleaved assembled frames size. Data bits
are output to the RSC2 in quantities equivalent to the number of assembled
frame size which are interleaved according to the addresses of the interleaving
address mapper generated by the interleaving processor.
In another exemplary method, in the frame segmenting operation, the
input data bits are sequentially stored in the memory for interleaving. Data bits
are sequentially output to the RSCl in the turbo decoder in quantities equivalent
to the size of the segmented frame size. Data bits are interleaved to the RSC2
and output in quantities equivalent to the size of the assembled frame size.
Accordingly, the turbo channel encoder of FIG. 3 and the turbo channel
decoder of FIG. 6 assemble input data frames into a super frame to encode and
decode the input frames by the super frame unit when the input data frames are
too short, and segment an input frame into multiple sub frames to encode and
decode the input frame by the sub frame unit when the input frame is too long,
to increase transmission efficiency.
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention
segments/assembles input frames into sub/super frames of an appropriate length
when the input data frame is very long or short, and then encodes and decodes
the sub/super frames. In this manner, it is possible to reduce the number of
required calculations and memory capacity required in the decoder, while fully
securing the performance of the turbo code encoder.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a certain
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims

We Claim:
1. A mobile communication system, comprising:
a processor (46) for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to
compose a super frame; and
a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame consisting of more
than one input data frame.
2. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
turbo encoder comprises:
a first constituent encoder (58) for encoding data of the super
frame;
an interleaver (52) for interleaving the data of the super frame;
and
a second constituent encoder (60), operably connected to said
interleaver (52) , for encoding the interleaved data of the super
frame.
3. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said
interleaver (52) comprises an interleaving address mapper (74) for
interleaving the data of the super frame.
4. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 2, further
comprising:
a multiplexer (62) for multiplexing respective outputs of the first and
second constituent encoders (58,60); and
a channel interleaver (64) for interleaving an output of the multiplexer
(62).

5. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
processor (46) determines to concatenate the input data frames if the
data rate of the input data frame is less than 32kbps/10ms.
6. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
number of input data frames to make the super frame is determined by a
data size ofa frame.
7. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined
by a permissible delay.
8. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined
by a permissible error rate.
9. The mobile, communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
number of input data frames to compose the super frame is determined
by a receiver memory size.
10.The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size
of input data frame is variable.
11. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having
turbo encoder, comprising the steps of:
concatenating the number of the input data frames into a super frame; and
turbo encoding data of the super frame consisting of more than one input
data frame.

12. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the turbo
encoding step further comprises the steps of:
encoding data of the super frame;
interleaving data of the super frame; and
encoding data of the interleaved super frame.
13. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising the
step of channel interleaving the turbo encoded data in accordance with the size
of the super frame.
14. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor
determines to concatenate the input data frames if the data rate of the input
data frame is less than 32kbps/10ms.
15. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number of
input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a permissible
delay.
16. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number
of input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a permissible
error rate.
17. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the number
of input data frames to construct the super frame is determined by a receiver
memory size.

18. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the size of
input data frame is variable.
19. A mobile communication system having turbo decoder, comprising:
a decoder (116) for turbo decoding data being received as a super frame
including a plurality of original input data frames; and
a frame reconstructor (118) for segmenting an output of the turbo
decoder (116) into a number of original input data frames in accordance
with a message information about the original input data frames
constituting said super frame.
20. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 19, further comprising
a processor (112) for determining a number and a size of original input data
frames constituting said super frame based upon received message information
about the number and the size of the original input data frames combined into
the super frame, and providing the determined number and size information to
the frame reconstructor (118).
21. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 19, wherein said
message information is received during a call setup.
22. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the size of
input data frame is variable.

23. A channel decoding method for a mobile communication system having
turbo encoder, comprising the steps of:
turbo decoding data received as a super frame including a plurality of
original input data frames; and
segmenting an output of the decoder into a number of original input
data frames in accordance with message information about the original
input data frames constituting said super frame.
24. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the size of
input data frame is variable.
25. A mobile communication system having turbo encoder, comprising:
a processor for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose
a super frame when a data rate of the input data frame is less than a
predetermined value;
a first constituent encoder for encoding data of the super frame;
an interleaver for interleaving the data of the super frame;
a second constituent encoder for encoding output of the interleaver; and
a channel interleaver for interleaving the output of the turbo encoder.
26. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the
predetermined value is 32kbps/10ms.
27. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the size
of input data frame is variable.

28. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo
encoder, comprising the steps of:
comparing a data rate of input data frames to a turbo encoder with a
predetermined value;
composing a super frame if the data rate is less than the
predetermined value;and
turbo encoding the super frame which is composed of a plurality of
input data frames.
29. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the
predetermined value is less than 32kbps/10ms.
30. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the size of
input data frame is variable.
31. A channel encoding method for a mobile communication system having turbo
encoder, comprising the steps of:
determining a number of input data frames to construct a super frame
according to a QoS(Quality of Service);
concatenating the number of input data frames into a super frame;
and
turbo encoding data of the super frame.
32. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the turbo
encoding step further comprises the steps of: encoding data of the super frame;
interleaving data of the super frame; and

encoding data of the interleaved super frame.
33. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising the
step of channel interleaving the turbo encoded data in accordance with the size
of the super frame.
34. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS
comprises a data rate.
35. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 34, wherein the data rate
is less than 32kbps/10ms.
36. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS
comprises a permissible delay.
37. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS
comprises a permissible error rate.
38. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the QoS
comprises a receiver memory size.
39. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the size of
input data frame is variable.

The invention relates to a mobile communication system, comprising a processor
(46) for concatenating a plurality of input data frames to compose a super
frame, and a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame consisting of
more than one input data frame.

Documents:

00019-kol-2005 abstract.pdf

00019-kol-2005 claims.pdf

00019-kol-2005 correspondence-1.1.pdf

00019-kol-2005 correspondence.pdf

00019-kol-2005 description(complete).pdf

00019-kol-2005 drawings.pdf

00019-kol-2005 form-1.pdf

00019-kol-2005 form-18.pdf

00019-kol-2005 form-2.pdf

00019-kol-2005 form-3.pdf

00019-kol-2005 form-5.pdf

00019-kol-2005 gpa.pdf

00019-kol-2005 others document.pdf

19-KOL-2005-CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.pdf

19-KOL-2005-FORM 15.pdf

19-KOL-2005-FORM-27.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-abstract.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-claims.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-correspondence.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-description (complete).pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-drawings.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-examination report.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-form 1.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-form 18.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-form 2.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-form 3.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-form 5.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-gpa.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

19-kol-2005-granted-specification.pdf

19-KOL-2005-PA.pdf

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Patent Number

225965

Indian Patent Application Number

19/KOL/2005

PG Journal Number

48/2008

Publication Date

05-Dec-2008

Grant Date

03-Dec-2008

Date of Filing

18-Jan-2005

Name of Patentee

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

Applicant Address

416 MAETAN-DONG, PALDAL-GU, SUWON-CITY, KYUNGKI-DO,KOREA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	CHANG-SOO PARK	72-2, MUNJONG-DONG, SONGPA-GU, SEOUL
2	JOONG-HO JEONG	63-34, CHAMWON-DONG, SOCHO-GU, SEOUL
3	HYEON-WOO LEE	BYEOKSAN APT NO. 806-901, KWONSON-DONG KWONSON-GU, SUWON-SHI, KYONGGI-DO

PCT International Classification Number

H04J 3/00

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	1998-11380	1998-03-31	Republic of Korea