Title of Invention

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A CERAMIC NOZZLE AND A NOZZLE CORE FOR A DEVICE FOR PRODUCING LOOP YARN

Abstract

This invention relates to a Process for manufacturing a ceramic nozzle core (24) as part of a device for productions of loop yarn, wherein, the ceramic nozzle core (24) is designed with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and is produced in a moulding method. The invention further relates to a nozzle core (5) for a device for producing loop yarn, wherein it is designed as ceramic nozzle core (24) with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central function of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and can be produced in a moulding method.

Full Text

Technical part The invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a ceramic nozzle core as part of a device for producing loop yarn, as well as a nozzle core for a device for producing loop yarn. State-of-the-art technology By the term texturing, one partly understands finishing of spun filament bundles or the corresponding continuous filament yarns, with the objective of giving the yarn a textile character. In the following description, the term texturing means producing a large number of loops on individual filaments, or production of loop yarn. An older solution for texturing is described in EP 0 088 254. The continuous filament yarn is fed to the yarn-guiding channel at the inlet end of a texturing nozzle and textured at a trumpet- shaped exit end by the impact forces of a supersonic flow. The yarn-guiding channel is cylindrical, with constant cross-section. The inlet is slightly rounded for a smooth introduction for untreated yarn. There is a guiding body at the trumpet-shaped exit end, whereby the loop formation takes place between the trumpet shape and the guiding body. The yarn is fed to the texturing nozzle with great over-supply. The over-supply is required for loop formation at each individual filament, which leads to titre increase at the exit end. The patent document EP 0 088 254 is based on a device for texturing at least one continuous filament yarn consisting of several filaments. The nozzle contains a yarn- guiding channel and at least one feed entering into the channel in radial direction for a pressure medium. The generic nozzle had an exit opening of the channel that gets extended outwards and a spherical or hemispherical guiding body that protrudes into the exit opening and forms a ring slot with the same. It was recognised, that while texturing yarns, retaining the yarn properties during the processing sequences as well as thereafter in the finished produce, is an important criterion for the usability of such yarns. Furthermore, intimate mixing or more yarns and the individual filaments of the textured yarn is of great importance for achieving a uniform product image. The stability is thereby considered as quality concept. For determining the instability I of the yarn, yarn hanks with four windings, each of one meter circumference, are formed on a reel, as explained on the basis of a multi-filament yarn on polyester with the litre 167f68 dtex. These hanks are then stressed for one minute with 25 cN, and thereafter the length X is determined. This is similarly followed up with a one-minute stressing with 1250 cN. After de-stressing, the hank is again stressed with 25 cN after one minute and after another minute the length Y is determined. From this one obtains this value of the instability: The instability indicates, what percentage of remaining expansion has been caused by the applied stress. The patent document EP 0 088 254 had the task of creating an improved device of the described type, with which an optimum texturing effect can be achieved and which ensures a high stability of the yarn as well as a high intimate mixing degree of individual filaments. As solution it was suggested that the outer diameter of the convex exit opening of the channel be at least 4-times the diameter of the channel and at least 0.5-times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guiding body (5). As optimum results one obtains production speeds in a range of100 to over 600 m/min. An interesting fact is that the applicant was successful in marketing corresponding nozzles for a period of over 15 years. The quality of the thus produced yarn was assessed as very good over a period of 1½ decades. However, there was an increasing demand for enhancing the capacity. With the solution as described in EP 0 880 611, the applicant was successful in achieving a massive capacity enhancement up to way above 1000 m/min. of yarn transporting velocity. The core idea for capacity enhancement lay in intensifying the flow behaviours in the expanding supersonic channel, i.e. in the zone in which the loop formation takes place. The yarn tension at the exit of the texturing nozzle was taken as particular testing criterion. A series of investigations brought to light, that in the solution as described in EP 0 088 254, the yarn tension drops significantly after approx. 600 m/min. yarn transportation velocity. This is ultimately the explanation for capacity limitation for these nozzle types. The suggestion of the patent document EP 0 880 611 for intensifying the flow in the supersonic channel resulted in an unexpected increase in yarn tension, which allowed increasing the transportation velocity to over 1000 m/min. The quality of the thus processed yarn was initially assessed as same even at the highest transportation velocity, or perhaps even better. Subsequent practice revealed surprises to the extent, that in many applications the yarn quality did not conform to the desired specifications. ft was recognised in the document EP 0 880 611 that the first key for quality lies in the yarn tension after the texturing nozzle. Only when one succeeds in increasing the yarn tension, the quality can be improved. The breakthrough came, when the flow of the blast air jet over the region Mach 2 was increased. A series of experiments confirm that, not only the quality gets improved but that the quality is surprisingly negatively influenced to a very low extent due to increase in production speed. Even a slight increase of the Mach number above 2 already yielded significant results. The best explanation for the corresponding intensification of the texturing process lies therein, that the speed difference immediately before and after the impact front is increased, which has a direct effect on the corresponding attacking forces of the air on the filaments. The increased forces in the region of the impact front cause an increase in yarn tension. By increasing the Mach number, immediately the action at the impact front is increased. According to 1 he invention, the legitimacy of the following equation has been recognised: higher Mach number = stronger impact = more intensive texturing. The intensified supersonic flow acts on a border front and more intensively on the individual filaments of the open yarn, so that no loops can get diverted sideways over the effective zone of the impact front. As generation of the supersonic flow in the acceleration channel is based on expansion, with the help of a higher Mach region, i.e. Mach 2.5 instead of Mach 1.5, one also obtains an increase or almost doubling of the effective outlet cross-section. Various surprising observations could be made and confirmed in combination with the new invention: comparative studies between the state-of-the-art technology texturing as per EP 0 088 2 54 and the solution within the framework of EP 0 880 611 yielded in a significantly wide range, the following relationships: the texturing quality in case of a higher production velocity, in comparison to the texturing quality in case of lower production velocity, with a supersonic channel designed for the lower Mach region, is at least the same or even better. The texturing sequence is so intensive for air velocities in the impact front of over Mach 2, i.e. for Mach 2.5 to Mach 5, that even at the highest yarn run-through velocities, all loops almost without any exception can be caught and bound well in the yarn. The generation of an air velocity in the high Mach region within the acceleration channel has the effect, that the texturing no longer collapses up to the highest velocities. Secondly, the entire filament composite is guided within clear outer channel limits uniformly and directly into the impact front zone. In the acceleration channel, the yarn gets drawn in by the accelerating air jet over the corresponding path stretch, further opened and handed over to the immediately connected texturing zone. The blast air jet is subsequently guided to the acceleration channel without any deflection through a non-continuous and strongly expanding section. One or more yarn threads with same or different over-supply can be introduced and textured at a production speed of 400 to over 1200 m/min. The compressed air jet in the supersonic channel is accelerated to 2.0 to 6 Mach, preferably to 2.5 to 4 Mach. The best results are achieved, if the exit-side end of the yarn channel is limited by a rebounding body. The textured yarn is removed through a slot almost perpendicular to the yarn channel axis. The total theoretically effective expanding angle of the supersonic channel should lie from the smallest to the largest diameter above 10°, however below 40°, preferably within 15° to 30°. According to the prevalent roughness values, with reference to series production, one has obtained a maximum limiting angle (total angle) of 35° to 36°. In a conical/tapered acceleration channel, the compressed air is accelerated almost continuously. The nozzle channel section immediately before the supersonic channel is designed somewhat cylindrical, whereby blowing-in into the cylindrical section is carried out with conveying components in the direction towards the acceleration channel. The draving-in force on the yarn gets increased with the length of acceleration channels. The nozzle expansion or the increase in Mach number gives the intensity of texturing. The acceleration channel should have at least a cross-section expansion range of 1:2.0, preferably 1:2.5 or greater. It is further suggested that the length of the acceleration channel be 3 to 15 times greater, preferably 4 to 12 times greater, than the diameter of the yarn channel at the beginning of the acceleration channel. The acceleration channel can be entirely or partly designed as continuously expanding, can have conical/tapered sections and/or a slightly spherical shape. The acceleration channel can also be designed fine-stepped and have different acceleration zones, with at least one zone with great acceleration and at least one zone with small acceleration of the compressed air jet. If the mentioned limiting conditions for the acceleration channel are maintained, then the mentioned variations of the acceleration channel have proved to be almost of equal value or at least as equivalent. After the supersonic channel, the yarn channel has a highly convex yarn channel opening that is trumpet-shaped and expanded by more than 40°, whereby the transition from the supersonic channel into the yarn channel opening should preferably take place non-continuously. A further decisive factor was found therein, that with a rebounding body, above all, even the pressure conditions of the texturing chamber could be positively influenced and kept stable. A further preferred design of the texturing nozzle has the feature that it has a continuous yarn channel with a central cylindrical section, into which the air feed enters. In all earlier investigations it could only be confirmed that the data calculated for texturing nozzles with radial air-blowing into the yarn channel as per EP 0 088 254, the optimum blowing-in angle for the treatment air lies at 48°. As a complete surprise, one found out in the most recent experiments, that increasing the blowing-in angle with nozzles as per EP 0 880 611 already in the first series of experiments brought about an unexpected increase in quality of the textured yarns. It has been recognised by the inventors that both the process zones, i.e. - Opening of the yarn and - Texturing of the yarn are core features and have to be optimally tuned to one another. Repeated experiments have shown that in the solution as per EP 0 088 254 the limitation lies in the texturing zone and therefore an increase of the yarn opening would bring only disadvantages. It is known from the field of yarn intermingling, which is not an object of this application, that the yarn opening effect is maximum at a blowing-in angle of 90°. The purpose of intermingling is to form regular knots of the yarn. As example for intermingling, please refer to DE 195 80 019. On the other hand, textured yarn should not have any knots under any circumstances. There is a limiting zone for the blowing-in angle for both these basically different processes of knot formation and loop formation. From the point of view of different functions for achieving the highest yarn qualities, even at maximum yarn transportation speeds, there was an unexpected increase as explained further below. At least from the point of view of the applicant, it was considered to be of great disadvantage, that for manufacturing the so-called nozzle cores complicated production processes were necessary. All experiments with economic methods, like pressing or injection moulding, failed. It was not possible to manufacture usable blanks within the framework of the prescribed data, either by pressing method or by injection moulding method. The reason for this was the speciality of the material ceramic. Ceramic continues to be one of the best materials from the point of view to wear and tear or durability. It is therefore the task of this invention to, on the one hand, ensure all the recognised advantages of the described nozzle cores and, on the other hand, develop new production methods that allow cost-effective production of nozzle cores. Presentation of the invention The process according to the invention has the feature, that the ceramic nozzle core is designed with approximately constant wall thickness and is reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and is produced in the moulding method. A particularly advantageous extension has the feature, that the ceramic nozzle core is injected in high-precision method. The nozzle core according to the invention has the feature, that it is designed as ceramic nozzle core with almost constant wall thickness and is reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and is produced in the moulding method. The applicant so far assumed that for each new development an important criterion was to design the nozzle core as interchangeable core, in such a way that a nozzle core can be used in other inner dimensions and air inlet angles. It is thus possible to replace an existing nozzle core according to the state-of-the-art technology with slight manipulations and utilise all advantages of the new development. It has been recognised by the invention only now, mat this actually positive requirement was taken literally for the earlier developments and strongly prevented any further development. The result was that each new nozzle core was designed in its outer measurements identical to the old nozzle core. The consequence was that blanks for the nozzle core could increasingly not be produced in casting or pressing process, or unfavourable pre-requisites were created for production in moulding method. This new invention has liberated itself from the literal compulsion of designing the ceramic nozzle core as interchangeable core. The extension is consequently aligned more to the inner central functions. The entire structure/shape can now be laid down according to casting-technical requirements and can be designed as miniaturised ceramic nozzle core with external nozzle ceramic jacket by dividing into two. Only the outer jacket is given the dimensions of the nozzle cores according to the state-of-the-art technology, which also takes over the function of the interchangeable core. The new invention allows a large number of particularly advantageous extensions, for which kindly refer to the claims 4 to 10. A particularly advantageous extension has the feature, that the yarn treatment channel has at least one cylindrical section and one expansion section, whereby the blowing-in mechanism is arranged within the cylindrical section, preferably somewhat in the central region of the longitudinal side of the ceramic nozzle core. The expansion section can be designed completely trumpet-shaped according to EP 0 088 254, or have a conical/tapered as well as a trumpet-shaped section according to EP 0 880 611. The yarn channel has a central, preferably cylindrical section, which is led across into the conical/tapered expansion in transport direction without any jump, whereby the compressed air is blown into the cylindrical section at a sufficient distance from the conical/tapered expanded supersonic channel. Experiments in connection with the new invention brought about various new findings: With texturing nozzles with intensive supersonic flow according to EP 0 880 611, a quality improvement could be achieved for each yarn titre, when the blowing-in angle was increased above 48°. The quality enhancement begins with a marked rise by increasing the angle above 50°. For blowing-in angles greater than 52°, partly up to 60° and even 65°, surprisingly the yarn quality remains constant. The optimum blowing-in angle is however also dependent on the yarn titre. The compressed air is blown into the yarn channel through three holes staggered by 120° in the circumference. In any case it is important that the yarn opening intensifies due to blowing-in of the compressed air into the yarn channel, but however a knot formation in the yarn is avoided. The opening of the yarn, on the one hand, as well as texturing of the yarn on the other hand, must be optimised in themselves. For optimising both the totally different functions, these have to be carried out at separate locations, but however shortly after one another, in such a way that the opening follows immediately after texturing, or that completion of the yarn opening sequence immediately passes over to the texturing. All central texturing functions for production of a loop yarn can now be realised within a miniaturised ceramic nozzle core. The new ceramic nozzle core can be part of a device, which has a ball-shaped rebounding body that can be countersunk into the expansion section, whereby the trumpet-shaped section has a radius that is in relation to the diameter of the rebounding body. According to EP 0 088 254, the rebounding body with the trumpet-shaped section forms a ring slot, whereby the outer diameter of the convex- shaped outlet opening of the channel is at least 4-times the diameter of the channel and at least 0 5-times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guiding body. Absolutely ideally, the nozzle core is designed as a two-part component and has an outer nozzle body, into which the ceramic nozzle core can be inserted, whereby the outer nozzle body is made of plastic. The outer plastic body has the function of an interchangeable body, as understood so far, with the necessary mounting dimensions and fastening agents. The plastic body also additionally has a protective function for the ceramic nozzle core. Between the outer nozzle body and the ceramic nozzle core a clamping point is arranged for fastening the ceramic nozzle core in the outer nozzle body. Between the ceramic nozzle core and the nozzle body, in the region of the cylindrical section, additionally a ring-shaped compression air channel is attached, through which the air blowing takes place with the help of the blowing-in holes. At both end regions of the cylindrical section the compressed air channel respectively has a sealing point for sealing the compressed air. According to a further extension, the nozzle core is designed as quickly replaceable element within the device, so that it can be quickly mounted and dismantled from the device along with the ceramic nozzle core. The nozzle core can be designed as a two- part component, with an inner ceramic nozzle core and an outer nozzle body, whereby both parts are one device with rotary drive and the nozzle body can be driven/activated with the built-in ceramic nozzle core. In the two-part solution, the ceramic nozzle core and the outer nozzle body in combined condition form an almost plane surface. According to an important requirement for the new solution, the shape/design of the nozzle body should be able to accommodate variations in shape and thickness. The structural requirements with respect to the combination, as well as installation in a machine, could be handled in this way through the outer nozzle body. The ceramic nozzle core can be optimally shaped with respect to production of ceramic blanks. Absolutely ideally, the nozzle body is produced as synthetic injection part and designed in its outer measurements as interchangeable part with reference to corresponding solutions as per the state-of-the-art technology. The new invention is based on the genre of texturing nozzles according to the radial principle. In the radial principle, the blast air is guided from the feeding point into a cylindrical section of the yarn channel directly in an axial direction with almost constant velocity right up to the acceleration channel. As in the state-of-the-art technology as per EP 0 880 611, even with the new solution, one or more yarn threads can be textured with different over-supply. Short description of the invention The invention is now described in more details below on the basis of the accompanying drawings. The following are shown: Fig. 1 The yarn channel in the region of the yarn opening and texturing zone; Fig.2 A nozzle core with inserted ceramic nozzle core and a rebounding body at the outlet end of the yarn channel; Fig.3 A two-part nozzle core, built into a device for producing loop yarn; Figs.4a, 4b & 4c A solution as per the state-of-the-art technology (EP 0 088 254) with a nozzle core, whereby fig. 4c shows a view as indicated by the arrow A; Fig. 5 A comparison of textured yarn with different design extensions of the nozzle core; Figs.6a and 6b The "framework" for the core functions for producing loop yarn; Fig 7 A solution with rotary driven nozzle core; Fig.8 A 3-D-representation with a divided or two-part nozzle core, with an outer nozzle core jacket and a ceramic nozzle core; Fig.9 A section through a two-part nozzle core according to figures 6a and 8; Fig. 10 A section of a two-part nozzle core corresponding to figures 6b and 8. Ways and execution of the invention Now we refer to fig. 1. The texturing nozzle 1 has a yarn channel 4 with a cylindrical section 2. which at the same time also corresponds to the narrowest cross-section 3 with a diameter d. From the narrowest cross-section 3 the yarn channel 4 goes without cross- sectional jump into an acceleration channel 11 and then gets expanded in trumpet-shape, whereby the trumpet-shape can be defined with a radius R. On account of the adjusting supersonic flow, a corresponding impact front diameter DAE can be determined. On the basis of the impact front diameter DAE, the releasing or tearing point A1, A2, A3 or A4 can be determined in a relatively precise manner. For the effectiveness of the impact front, refer to the document EP 0 880 611. The acceleration region of the air can also be defined by the length l2, from the point of the narrowest cross-section 3 and the tearing point A. As it has to do with a real supersonic flow, one can approximately calculate the air velocity from it. Fig. 1 shows a conical/tapered design extension of the acceleration channel 11. which corresponds to the length l2. The opening angle α2 is given as 20°. The releasing point A2 is drawn at the end of the supersonic channel, where the yarn channel goes across into a non-continuous, highly conical/tapered or trumpet-shape expansion 12 with an opening angle δ > 40°. On account of the geometry, one obtains an impact front diameter DAE- AS example one obtains the following equations: L2/d = 4.2: Vd = 330 m/sec. (Mach 1); DAE ~ 2.5 → MDE = Mach 3.2 d An extension of the acceleration channel 11 with corresponding opening angle causes an increase in impact front diameter DAE. Immediately in the region of impact front formation, one gets the largest possible compression shock front 13 with subsequent abrupt pressure increase zone 14. The actual texturing takes place in the region of the compression shock front 13. The air moves faster than the yarn by the factor 50. Through many experiments it could be determined that the releasing point A3, A4 can also wander into the acceleration channel 11 when the feed pressure is reduced. In practice one has to determine the optimum feed pressure for each yarn, whereby the length (l2) of the acceleration channel is designed for the worst case, i.e. rather selected somewhat too long. MB denotes the centre line of the blow-in hole 15 and MGK denotes the centre line of the yarn channel 4, and SM denotes the intersection point of MGK and MB. Pd is the point with narrowest cross-section at the beginning of the acceleration channel 11, l2 is the distance from SM to Pd, l2 is the distance from Pd up to the end of the acceleration channel (A*). Loff denotes the length of the yarn-opening zone; Ltex denotes the length of the yarn-texturing zone. The greater the angle p, the more yarn- opening zone gets enlarged backwards. Now reference is made to fig. 2, which shows a preferred design form of a complete nozzle core 5 in cross-section. The outer fitting-in shape is adapted precisely to the nozzle cores according to the state-of-the-art technology. This primarily pertains to the critical installation dimensions, the hole diameter BD, the total length L, the nozzle head height KH and the distance LA for the compressed air connections PP'. The experiments have shown that a blow-in angle β greater than 48° is optimum. The distance X of the corresponding compressed air holes 15 is critical with reference to the acceleration channel. The nozzle core 5 has in the inlet region of the yarn, arrow 16, a yarn-inserting cone 6. The mass "X" (fig. 6) indicates that the compressed air hole 15 is shifted back from the narrowest cross-section 3 by approximately the magnitude of the diameter d. Viewed in transportation direction (arrow 16) the texturing nozzle 1 or the nozzle core 5 has a yarn inserting cone 6, a cylindrical central section 7, a cone 8, which at the same time corresponds to the acceleration channel 11 as well as an extended texturing chamber 9 The texturing chamber is limited transverse to the flow by a trumpet shape 12, which could also be designed as an open conical funnel. Fig. 2 shows;, enlarged several times with respect to the actual size, a two-part nozzle core 5 consisting of a ceramic nozzle core 4 and outer nozzle core jacket 25 with a guiding body or rebounding body 10. The new nozzle core 5 can be conceived as an interchangeable core for a nozzle core as per the state-of-the-art technology. Especially the measurements Bd, EL as installation length, LA + KH and KH are therefore produced not only identical, but also with the same tolerances. Also, even the trumpet shape in the outer outlet region is produced identical to that in the state-of-the-art technology, with the corresponding radius R. The rebounding body 10 can have any shape: spherical, ball- shaped, flat or even like a cup. The exact position of the rebounding body in the outlet region can be retained, by maintaining the outer dimensions corresponding to an identical draw-off slot Sp1. The texturing chamber 18 is limited backwards by the acceleration channel 11. Depending on the height of the selected air pressure, the texturing chamber can also be enlarged into the acceleration channel. The ceramic nozzle core 24, as in the state-of-the-art technology, is produced in one piece from a high-value material like ceramic, and is actually the expensive part of a texturing nozzle. In the case of the new nozzle it is important that the conical cylindrical wall surface 7 and also the wall surface 19 in the region of the acceleration channel and the opening point of the compressed air holes 15 into the yarn channel have the highest quality. Fig. 3 shows a complete nozzle head 21 with a two-part nozzle core 5 and a rebounding body 10 that is anchored in a known housing 20 and can be adjusted by an arm 22. For threading in, the rebounding body 10 with the arm 22 is drawn away or swung away from the working region of the texturing nozzle in a known method, as shown by arrow 23. The compressed air is guided out of a housing chamber 21 through the compressed air holes 15. The nozzle core 5 is clamped fixed on to the housing 20 by a clamp bridge 26. Instead of a ball-shape the rebounding body could also have a cup shape. Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show a solution as per the state-of-the-art technology corresponding to EP 0 088 254 with a long yarn-guiding channel 29, through which the yarn to be textured runs. The yarn-guiding channel 29 is supplied with compressed air through a radial compressed air hole 15. The blow-in hole 15 forms an angle a of about 48° with the axis of the yarn-guiding channel 29. The diameter of the blow-in hole 15 is 11 mm. The yarn-guiding channel 29 has a diameter d1 of 1.5 mm and has a convex outlet opening expanding outwards. The convex bulge has the shape of a circular arc with a radius R of 6.5 mm, to which the front face 34 of the texturing nozzle 1 forms a tangential plane, whereby the contact points of the bulge are with the tangential plane lie on a circle with a diameter D. The diameter D conforms to the formula D = d1 + 2 R and thus works out to 14.5 mm. The rebounding body 10 whose diameter d2 is 12.5 mm partly protrudes into the channel outlet opening 35 and, along with the inner wall of the latter forms a ring slot 31. The yarn 30* coming out of the nozzle is drawn off through the edge of the outlet opening. As shown in figures 4a and 4b, a beam 33 is attached to the housing 20 supporting the nozzle with an axis 32 around which an arm 22 connected fixed to the rebounding body 10 can be swivelled. By swinging the arm 22 the ring slot 32 can be adjusted or the guiding body can be lifted for threading in. The smooth yarn 30 is fed to the texturing nozzle 1 through a feeder roller 36 and then drawn off as texture yarn 30* through a feeder roller 37. At the left hand bottom side, Fig. 5 shows purely schematically the texturing according to the state-of-the-art technology as per EP 0 088 254. Two main parameters are thereby highlighted: an opening zone Oe-Z1 and an impact front diameter DA5 based on a diameter d and corresponding to a nozzle as described in EP 0 088 254. Opposite to that, on the top right side, the texturing as per EP 0 880 611 is depicted. It can be clearly identified that the values Oe-Z2 and DAE are greater. The yarn opening zone Oe-Z2 begins shortly before the acceleration channel in the region of the compressed air feed B and is already significantly greater with reference to the relatively short yarn opening zone Oe-Z1 shown in the solution as per EP 0 088 254. The significant statement of fig. 5 lies in the diagrammatic comparison of the yarn tension according to the state-of-the-art technology (graph T 311) with Mach invention (graph S 315) with Mach > 2, as well as the new nozzle. In the Y-axis of the diagram the yarn tension is in CN. In the X-axis the production speed Pgeschw is shown in m/min. From the graph T 311 one can identify the clear collapse of the yarn tension over a production speed of 500 m/min. Above about 650 m/min. the texturing with the nozzle as per EP 0 088 254 collapsed. In contrast, the graph S 315 shows with the corresponding nozzle from the document EP 0 880 611, that the yarn tension is not only much higher but is almost constant in the range of 400 to 700 m/min. and, even in the higher production range fails only slowly. Increasing the Mach number is one of the most important parameters for intensifying the texturing. Increasing the blow-in angle is one of the most important parameters for quality in texturing, as shown with the new nozzle as third example on the top left hand side. As example, the blow-in angle is given in the range of 50° to 60°. The yarn-opening zone Oe-Z3 is greater than in the solution on the top right side (as per EP 0 880 611) and significantly greater than in the solution on the bottom left hand side (as per EP 0 088 254). The other process-technical process parameters are same in all three solutions. Apart from the different blow-in angle in the range of 45° to 48° and recently above 45°, there lies the surprisingly positive effect in the cross-section of the yarn opening zone, like OZ1 and OZ2 or as has been marked in the corresponding circles. The external difference lies only in the change of the blow-in angle. The Mach increase of thread tension begins at an angle of above 48° and can be explained as due to a combination effect. At least as far as one can presently understand the surprising positive effect, 48° blow-in angle denotes a threshold, mainly in texturing nozzles as per EP 0 880 611. This texturing nozzle type has a sufficient capacity reserve, so that even slight intensification of the yarn opening gets translated into an increase in yarn quality. In practice, the textured yarn runs after the second feeder roller through a quality sensor, e.g. having the market brand HemaQuality, called ATQ, in which the pull force of the yarn 30* (in cN) as well as the variation in momentary pull force (Sigma %) is measured. The measured signals are fed to a computing unit. The corresponding quality measurement is a pre-requisite for the optimum monitoring of the production. The values are also an indicator for the yarn quality. In the air blast texturing process the quality determination becomes difficult, because there is no defined loop size. One can rather determine the variation with respect to the quality considered as good by the client. This is possible with the ATQ system as the yarn structure and its variation can be determined by a thread tension sensor, then evaluated and displayed as a single characteristic factor, i.e. the AT-value. A thread tension sensor determines particularly the thread pull force after the texturing nozzle as analogous electrical signals. From the average value and variance of the measured values of the thread pull force, the AT-value can be continuously calculated. The magnitude of the AT-value is dependent on the structure of the yarn and is determined by the user according to his own quality requirement. If the pull force of the thread or the variance (uniformity) of the thread tension changes during production, the AT-value also changes. The upper and lower limit values can be determined with yarn mirrors, knit samples or fabric samples. They are different for different quality specifications. The advantage of ATQ-measurement is that different types of defects can be simultaneously detected from the process, e.g. position uniformity of texturing, thread wetting, filament cracks, dirtying of the nozzle, rebounding ball distance, Hotpin-temperature, air pressure differences, POY-pin zone, yarn feed etc. Let us now refer to figures 6a and 6b. Both the figures show the "framework" for the nozzle function during production of loop yarn. Fig. 6a is based on the solution as shown in figures 4a to 4c. Fig. 6b is based on the solution as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding parts of both figures are marked with the same reference signs. Both the figures 6a and 6b show the size proportions of the individual regions for the nozzle functions. Fig. 6a shows clearly that the cylindrical section zyl.A is approx. twice as long as the expansion section EA. Three radial blow-in holes 15 are staggered by a distance 6.A with respect to the opening section and the expansion section EA, and lie in the central region of the cylindrical section, as drawn according to the blow-in section (Einbl. A). In the expansion section EA, the diameter D and the radius R are of great importance. The cylindrical section has a diameter Gd. A further special feature of the solution as shown in fig. 6a is the angle a, which in the transportation direction of the yarn as indicated by the arrow 16 has an angle of approx. 48°. A feeding cone EK is only as long as required for threading in, but is however very short. The diameter Bd is dimensioned according to the state-of-the-art technology. A comparison of figures 4a and 6a clearly shows that the cylindrical section (zyl.A) of the new solution is less than half the length, in comparison to the solution of the state-of-the-art technology as shown in fig. 4a. This is an important teature for the concrete design extension of a ceramic nozzle core as per the invention. Considering the texturing function, in the state-of-the-art technology the length of the yarn-guiding channel has been conceived unnecessarily long. The yarn-guiding channel GA in the state-of-the-art technology is oriented according to the thickness measurement of the housing 20, as one can clearly see from the figure 4b. As compared to fig. 6a, fig. 6b shows two particular features. The solution as shown in fig. 6b has at the point of a trumpet-shaped section EA a first conical/tapered section (Kon A.) as well as a trumpet-shaped texturing section TA*, according to the solution described in EP-PS 0 880 611. A comparison of the figures 6a and 6b shows that the cylindrical section zyl. A* shown in fig. 6b is designed shortened, according to the data X1 and X2. As gain, the opening section öA* in fig. 6b is designed enlarged. The conical/tapered section is preferably designed with an opening angle χ of 12° to 40°. The second special feature lies in the arrangement of the radial blow-in hole 15, with an angle β of preferably 50° to 70°, which increases the stability of texturing to a very high level and ensures best texturing qualities. Fig. 7 shows a further particularly advantageous extension, which is based on EP-PS 1 022 366. Practice shows that air blast texturing nozzles for production of loop yarn have to be cleaned at relatively short time intervals. The document EP-PS 1 022 366 now suggests that the nozzle core be staggered continuously or alternately in rotation. In this way it was possible to significantly extend the cleaning interval. Fig. 7 shows how the new invention can also be used in a rotary driven nozzle core. It is additionally recommended to use a two-part nozzle core, as shown in fig. 2. Fig.7 shows as example the simultaneous binding and texturing of two yarns, a yarn A and a yarn B, which are fed into the yarn feeding cone 6 respectively through a thread guide 40 or 41. The nozzle core consists of a ceramic nozzle core 24 and an outer nozzle core jacket 25 which is attached in a rotating supported rotation sleeve 42, which in turn is supported in the drive housing 44 by ball bearings 43. The compressed air is fed through a compressed air chamber 45 and a compressed air connection 46, whereby weakening of compressed air is prevented by several sealings 47. A worm gear 48 is held in the drive housing 44 by a collar 49 and a cover 50. A drive shaft 51, a transmission gear 52 and a worm gear 48 activate the drive. WE CLAIM 1. Process for manufacturing a ceramic nozzle core (24) as part of a device for productions of loop yarn, characterized in that: the ceramic nozzle core (24) is designed with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and is produced in a moulding method. 2. Process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic nozzle core (24) is injected in the high - precision method. 3. Nozzle core (5) for a device for producing loop yarn, wherein it is designed as ceramic nozzle core (24) with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central function of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and can be produced in a moulding method. 4. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the yarn treatment channel has at least one cylindrical section and an expansion section, whereby the blow-in is arranged within the cylindrical section, preferably in the central region of the longitudinal side of the nozzle core, whereby the expansion section is preferably designed completely trumpet-shaped or has a conical/tapered and trumpet-shape section, whereby in case of a conical /tapered section, it has an opening angle of at least 12°. 5. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the air blow-in of the ceramic nozzle core (24) has one or more blow-in holes (15), preferably three, which are arranged inclined at an angle in transportation direction of at least 48°, especially in the range of 52° to 65°. 6. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein it is part of a device, which has a ball-shaped rebounding (10) body that can be countersunk into the expansion section, whereby the outer diameter of the convex bulging outlet opening of the channel is at least 4-times the diameter of the channel and at least 0.5-times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guiding body (10). 7. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in claim 1 to 6, wherein it is designed as a two- part component and has an outer nozzle body (25), into which the ceramic nozzle core (24) can be inserted. 8. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in claim 7, wherein between the outer nozzle body (25) and the ceramic nozzle core (24) there is a clamping point for fastening the ceramic nozzle core (24) in the outer nozzle body (25), whereby between the ceramic nozzle core (24) and the nozzle body (25) a ring-shaped compressed air channel is attached in the region of the cylindrical section, through which the air is blown through the blow-in- holes (15), and the ring-shaped compression air channel ideally has a sealing point respectively in both end regions of the cylindrical section for sealing the compressed air. 9. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in claim one of the claims 6 to 8, wherein the nozzle core (5) is designed as rapidly interchangeably element within the device and can be quickly mounted and dismantled from the device along with the ceramic nozzle core (24), whereby it is designed as a two-part component with an inner ceramic nozzle core (24) and an outer nozzle body (25) and both are part of a device with rotary drive, whereby the nozzle body can be with eth installed ceramic nozzle core (24). 10. Nozzle core (5) as claimed in one of the claims 7 to 9, wherein it is designed as a two-part component with a ceramic nozzle core (24) and an outer nozzle body (25), whereby in the combined condition the yarn outlet end forms a somewhat plane surface and by virtue of the shape/design of the nozzle body (25), variations in shape and thickness can be absorbed, whereby the nozzle body (25) is produced as plastic injection part and is designed in its outer dimensions as interchangeable part with respect to the known solutions. This invention relates to a Process for manufacturing a ceramic nozzle core (24) as part of a device for productions of loop yarn, wherein, the ceramic nozzle core (24) is designed with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and is produced in a moulding method. The invention further relates to a nozzle core (5) for a device for producing loop yarn, wherein it is designed as ceramic nozzle core (24) with almost constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central function of the yarn treatment channel, with air blow-in and yarn outlet for loop formation, and can be produced in a moulding method.

Documents:

2352-KOLNP-2005-FORM-27.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-abstract.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-claims.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-correspondence.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-description (complete).pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-drawings.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-examination report.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 1.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 13.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 18.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 2.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 26.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 3.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-form 5.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-gpa.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-priority document.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

2352-kolnp-2005-granted-specification.pdf