Title of Invention

A PEGYLATED GLP-1 COMPOUND

Abstract The invention provides GLP-1 compounds coupled to at least one polyethylene glycol molecule or derivative thereof, resulting in a biologically active peptide with an extended half-life and a slower clearance when compared to that of unPEGylated peptide. These PEGylated GLP-1 compounds and compositions are useful in treating diabetes, obesity, irritable bowel syndrome and other conditions that would be benefited by lowering plasma glucose, inhibiting gastric and/or intestinal motility and inhibiting gastric and/or intestinal emptying, or inhibiting food intake.
Full Text FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to GLP-1 compounds covalently attached to one or
more molecules of polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereol, and related compositions
and methods useful in treating conditions or disorders benefited by lowering blood
glucose, decreasing food intake, decreasing gastric or intestinal emptying, or decreasing
gastric or intestinal motility.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induces numerous biological effects such as
stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, inhibiting gastric emptying,
inhibiting gastric motility or intestinal motility, enhancing glucose utilization, and
inducing weight loss. GLP-1 may further act to prevent the pancreatic -cell
deterioration that occurs as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) progresses.
A significant characteristic of GLP-1 is its ability to stimulate insulin secretion without
the associated risk of hypoglycemia that is seen when using insulin therapy or some types
of oral therapies that act by increasing insulin expression.
The usefulness of therapy involving GLP-1 peptides has been limited by the fact
that GLP-1 (1-37) is poorly active, and the two naturally occurring truncated peptides,
GLP-1 (7-37)OH and GLP-1 (7-36)NH2, are rapidly cleared in vivo and have extremely
short in vivo half lives. It is known that endogenously produced dipeptidyl-peptidase IV
(DPP-IV) inactivates circulating GLP-1 peptides by removing the N-terminal histidine
and alanine residues and is a major reason for the short in vivo half-life.
Various approaches have been undertaken to extend the elimination half-life of a
GLP-1 peptide or reduce clearance of the peptide from the body while maintaining a
biological activity. U.S. Patent No. 5,705,483 teaches GLP-1 peptide analogs made
resistant to DPP-IV degradation by the incorporation of modifications at the N-terminus
of the peptide. An alternative approach for extending the half-life of GLP-1 peptides is
derivatization, wherein large acyl groups that prevent DPP-IV from accessing the N-
terminus of the peptide are attached to various amino acids of GLP-1 (See International
Application No. PCT/DK97/00340, filed August 22, 1997 entitled "GLP-1 Derivatives,"

which claims the benefit of DK Provisional Application Nos 0931/96 filed August 30,
1996, 1259/96 filed November 8, 1996 and 1470/96 filed December 20, 1996).
Particular GLP-1 analogs are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos.
60/346474 filed January 8, 2002, and 60/405,097 filed August 21, 2002, now
International Application No. PCT/US03/058203, filed January 3, 2003, all entitled
"Extended Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs" and are incorporated herein in their
entirety. These applications describe analogs of GLP-1 (7-37)OH wherein various amino
acids, when added to the C-terminus, yield GLP-1 peptide analogs with an extended half-
life and reduced clearance than that of the native molecule. Furthermore, GLP-1 analogs
with increased potency are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/314,573
filed August 23, 2001, now International Application No. PCT/US02/21325, filed August
14, 2002, entitled "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs" (incorporated herein). Exendin-4
can act at the GLP-1 receptor in vitro on certain cell types including insulin-secreting
cells. [Goke, et al,, J. Biol. Chem., (1993)268:19650-19655]. Particular PEGylated
exendin and exendin agonist molecules are described in International Application
Number PCT/US00/11814 (incorporated herein in its entirety).
While various approaches have resulted in GLP-1 compounds with a longer half-
life or greater potency than that of native GLP-1, additional approaches that could be used
either alone or in combination with known approaches are needed to further decrease
GLP-1 compound clearance and increase GLP-1 compound half-life thereby optimizing
its ability to be useful as a therapeutic that can be administered a minimum number of
times during a prolonged period of time. Covalent attachment of one or more molecules
of polyethylene glycol to a small, biologically active peptide such as GLP-1 or exendin-4
poses the risk of introducing adverse characteristics such as instability to the molecule
and reduction in bioactivity so severe as to make the molecule unsuitable for use as a
therapeutic. The present invention; however, is based on the finding that covalent
attachment of one or more molecules of PEG to particular residues of a GLP-1 compound
results in a biologically active, PEGylated GLP-1 compound with an extended half-life
and reduced clearance when compared to that of native GLP-1 or Val8-GLP-1 (or native
exendin-4 for modified exendin-4 peptides of the invention).
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention have greater usefulness as a
therapeutic as well as greater convenience of use than native GLP-1 because they retain

all or a portion of a biological activity of native GLP-1 yet have an enhanced half-life
and/or reduced clearance when compared to that of the native GLP-1 compound or to that
of Val8-GLP-1(7-3 7)OH. GLP-1 (7-37) has a serum half-life of only 3 to 5 minutes.
GLP-1 (7-36) amide has a time action of about 50 minutes when administered
subcutaneously. Even GLP-1 analogs and derivatives that are resistant to endogenous
protease cleavage, do not have half-lives long enough to avoid repeated administrations
over a 24 hour period. PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention may have a half-
life in excess of 24 hours allowing for fewer administrations of the PEGylated GLP-1
compound while maintaining a high blood level of the compound over a prolonged period
of time. Such PEGylated GLP-1 compounds may be used therapeutically to treat
subjects with disorders including, but not limited to, diabetes, obesity, gastric and/or
intestinal motility abnormalities, and gastric and/or intestinal emptying abnormalities with
a particular advantage being that the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention
require fewer doses during a 24 hour period, increasing both the convenience to a subject
in need of such therapy and the likelihood of subject's compliance with dosing
requirements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention described herein provides GLP-1 compounds covalently attached to
one or more molecules of polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a derivative thereof wherein each
PEG is attached at a Cys or Lys amino acid or the carboxy terminus of the peptide,
resulting in PEGylated GLP-1 compounds with an elimination half-life of at least one
hour, preferably at least 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 hours and most preferably at least 24 hours.
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention preferably have a clearance
value of 200 ml/h/kg or less, more preferably 180, 150, 120, 100, 80, 60 ml/h/kg or less
and most preferably less than 50, 40 or 20 ml/h/kg.
One embodiment of the invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound comprising
the amino acid sequence of GLP-1 (7-3 7)OH as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 with a PEG
molecule covalently attached at 3, 2 or 1 of the residues selected from the group
consisting of Lys26, Lys34 and Gly37:
7His-Ala-Glu-10Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-15Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-20Leu-Glu-Gly-
Gln-Ala-25Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-30Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-35Gly-Arg-37Gly

(SEQ ID NO: 1).
Another embodiment of the invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 with
a PEG molecule covalently attached at 3, 2 or 1 of the residues selected from the group
consisting of Lys26, Lys34 and Arg36:
7His-Ala-Glu-10Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-15Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-20Leu-Glu-Gly-
Gln-Ala-25Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-30Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-35Gly-Arg
(SEQ ID NO: 2).
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula I (SEQ ID NO: 3)
Xaa7-Xaag-Glu-Gly-Xaan-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Xaa19-Xaa20-Glu-
Xaa22- Xaa23- Xaa24-Xaa25- Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-Xaa33- Xaa34-
Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37
Formula 1 (SEQ ID NO: 3)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, -hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, -fluoromethyl-histidine, or -methyl-histidine;
Xaa8 is: Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe, Trp, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa18 is: Ser, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, Val;
Xaa19 is: Tyr, Trp, or Phe;
Xaa20 is: Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Trp;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu, He, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala, Glu, or Cys

Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Arg or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule; and provided
that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula II (SEQ ID NO: 4):
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly-Xaa11-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Tyr-Leu-
Glu-Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-Xaa33-
Xaa34- Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37
Formula II (SEQ ID NO: 4)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, (3-hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, -fluoromethyl-histidine, or a-methyl-histidine;
Xaag is: Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe, or Cys
Xaa16 is: Val, Phe, Tyr, Trp, or Cys;
Xaa18 is: Ser, Tyr, Trp, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, or Val;
Xaa19 is: Tyr or Phe;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gin or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu or Cys;

Xaa30 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Arg or Cys; and
Xaa37 is: Gly, Cys, NH2, or is absent,
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula III (SEQ ID NO: 5)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly-Xaan-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Xaa19-
Xaa20-Glu-Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-
Xaa33-
Xaa34-Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41 -Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-
Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47-Xaa48-Xaa49-Xaa50
Formula III (SEQ ID NO: 5)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, -hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, -fiuoromethyl-histidine, or a-methyl-histidine;
Xaa8 is: Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe, Trp, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa18 is: Ser, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, or Val;
Xaa19 is: Tyr, Trp, or Phe;
Xaa20 is: Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Trp;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;

Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu, Ile, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala, Glu, or Cys;
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys, Asp, Arg, Glu, or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly, Pro, Arg, or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, Pro, Ser, or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His, or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, or NH2, or is absent;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Gly, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Pro, Gly, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa48 is: Gly, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa49 is: Pro, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa50 is: Ser, His, Cys, Ser-NH2, His-NH2, Cys-NH2, or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
and provided that if Xaa42, Xaa43, Xaa44, Xaa45, Xaa46, Xaa47; Xaa48 or Xaa49 is absent each
amino acid downstream is absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the
molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula IV (SEQ ID NO:6)

Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly-Xaa11-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Xaa19-
Xaa20-Glu-Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-
Xaa33-Xaa34-Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-
Xaa44-Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47
Formula IV (SEQ ID NO: 6)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, -hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, -fluoromethyl-histidine, or -methyl-histidine;
Xaa8 is: Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys
Xaa12 is: Phe, Trp, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa18 is: Ser, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, Val;
Xaa19 is: Tyr, Trp, or Phe;
Xaa20 is: Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Trp;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu, Ile, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala, Glu or Cys
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys, Asp, Arg, Glu or Cys;'
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly, Pro, Arg or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, Pro, Ser or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys;

Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
and provided that if Xaa42, Xaa43, Xaa44, Xaa45 or Xaa46 is absent each amino acid
downstream is absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula V (SEQ ID NO:7)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly- Xaa11 - Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Lys-
Glu-Xaa22- Xaa23- Xaa24-Xaa25- Xaa26- Xaa27-Phe-Ile- Xaa30-Trp-Leu-
Xaa33-Xaa34- Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-
Xaa44-Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47
Formula V (SEQ ID NO: 7)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, P-hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, a-fluoromethyl-histidine, or -methyl-histidine;
Xaa8 is: Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;

Xaa27 is: Glu or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys, Asp, Arg, Glu, or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly, Pro, Arg, or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, Pro, Ser, or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His, or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
and provided that if Xaa44, Xaa45, Xaa46, orXaa47 is absent each amino acid downstream is
absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula VI (SEQ ID NO: 8)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly- Xaa11 -Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Lys-Glu-
Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-Xaa33-Xaa34-
Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-Xaa45-
Xaa46-Xaa47
Formula VI (SEQ ID NO: 8)
wherein:

Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, P-hydroxy-
histidine,
homohistidine, -fluoromethyl-histidine, or -methyl-histidine;
Xaa8 is: Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val or Cys;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa33 is: Val or lle;
Xaa34 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Pro or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His, or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys, or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa4, is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-

terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
provided that if Xaa44, Xaa45, Xaa46, or Xaa47 is absent each amino acid downstream is
absent and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula VII (SEQ ID NO:9)
His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-
Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Gly-Pro-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-
Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47-Xaa48-Xaa49-Xaa50
Formula VII (SEQ ID NO:9)
Wherein:
Xaal 1 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe or Cys;
Xaal6 is: Val or Cys;
Xaa22 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gin or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa34 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Pro or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly or Cys;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly or Cys;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Gly, Cys, NH2 or is absent;

Xaa46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Pro, Gly, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa48 is: Gly, His, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
Xaa49 is: Pro, His, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
5 Xaa50 is: Ser, His, Cys, Ser-NH2, His-NH2, Cys-NH2, or is absent;
wherein said GLP-1 compound comprises from one to seven further substitutions
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or
3, 2 or 1 of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or the carboxy-
10 terminal amino acid is covalently attached to a PEG molecule;
provided that if Xaa44, Xaa45, Xaa46, or Xaa47 is absent each amino acid downstream is
absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule;
and provided that if Xaa42, Xaa43, Xaa44, Xaa45, Xaa46, Xaa47, Xaa48, or Xaa49 is absent
each amino acid downstream is absent
15 Preferred embodiments of Formula I-VII include GLP-1 compounds that do not
differ from GLP-l(7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 by more than 7 amino acids, by more
than 6 amino acids, by more than 5 amino acids, by more than 4 amino acids, or by more
than 3 amino acids. It is also preferable that the GLP-1 compounds of Formula I-VII
have valine or glycine at position 8 and glutamic acid at position 22. It is also preferable
20 that the GLP-1 compounds of formula Formula I-VII have valine or glycine at position 8
and glutamic acid at position 30. It is also preferable that the GLP-1 compounds of
Formula I-VII have valine or glycine at position 8 and histidine or cysteine at position 37.
It is also preferable that the GLP-1 compounds of Formula I-VII have 2 or 1 or 0 cysteine
residues. It is also preferable that there is one PEG molecule per GLP-1 compound.
25 Another embodiment of the invention is a PEGylated GLP-1 compound
comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula VIII (SEQ ID NO: 10)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Xaa9-Xaa10-Xaa11-Xaa12-Xaa13-Xaa14-Xaa15-Xaa16-Xaa17-Xaa18-
Xaa19-Xaa20-Xaa21-Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Xaa28-Xaa29-
Xaa30- Xaa31 -Xaa32-Xaa33-Xaa34-Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-
30 Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-Xaa45
Formula VIII (SEQ ID NO: 10)
wherein:

Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, P-hydroxy
histidine, homohistidine, a-fluoromethyl-histidine, a-methyl-histidine, Arg, Tyr, Ala or
Val;
Xaa8 is: Gly, Ser, Ala, or Thr;
Xaa9 is: Glu, Ala or Asp;
Xaa10 is: Gly, Ala or Val;
Xaa11 is: Thr, Cys or Ala;
Xaa12 is: Phe, Cys, Ala, or Tyr;
Xaa13 is: Thr or Ser;
Xaa14 is: Ser, Ala, or Thr;
Xaa15 is: Asp, or Glu;
Xaa16 is: Leu, Cys, Ala, Ile, Val, or Met;
Xaa17 is: Ser or Ala;
Xaa18 is: Lys or Ala;
Xaa19 is: Gln or Ala;
Xaa20 is: Met, Ala, Leu, Ile, or Val;
Xaa21 is: Glu or Ala;
Xaa22 is: Glu, Cys, or Ala;
Xaa23 is: Glu, Cys, or Ala;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa28 is: Val, Cys, or Ala;
Xaa26 is: Arg, Cys, or Ala
Xaa27 is: Leu, Cys, or Ala;
Xaa28 is: Phe, Ala, or Tyr;
Xaa29 is: Ile, Val, Leu, Gly, or Met;
Xaa30 is: Glu, Cys, Ala, or Asp;
Xaa31 is: Trp, Ala, Phe, or Tyr;
Xaa32 is: Leu or Ala;
Xaa33 is: Lys or Ala;
Xaa34 is: Asn, Cys, or Ala;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly or Cys;

Xaa37 is: Pro or Cys
Xaa38 is: Ser, Cys, NH2, or absent;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Cys, NH2, or absent;
Xaa40 is: Gly, Cys, NH2 or absent;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Cys, NH2 or absent;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Cys, NH2 or absent;
Xaa43 is Pro, Cys, NH2 or absent;
Xaa44 is Pro, Cys, NH2 or absent; and
Xaa45 is Ser, Cys, NH2 or absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule; and
provided that there are 2 or 1 Cys in the molecule; further provided that no more than
three of Xaa9, Xaa10, Xaa11, Xaa12, Xaa14, Xaa15, Xaa16, Xaa17, Xaa18, Xaa19, Xaa20, Xaa21,
Xaa22, Xaa23, Xaa24, Xaa26, Xaa27, Xaa30, Xaa31, Xaa32, are Ala; and provided also that, if
Xaai is His, Arg or Tyr, then at least one of Xaa9, Xaa10 and Xaa16 is Ala; and, further
provided that if Xaa38, Xaa39, Xaa40, Xaa41, Xaa42, Xaa43 or Xaa44 is absent each amino
acid downstream is absent. Positions 7, 28, 29, 31 and 32 of Formula VIII cannot
accommodate a cysteine amino acid without resultant unacceptable loss of activity.
The polyethylene glycol polymers used in the invention ("PEG") preferably have
molecular weights between 500 and 100,000 daltons, more preferably between 20,000
and 60,000 daltons, most preferably between 20,000 and 40,000 daltons, may be linear or
branched molecules, and may be polyethylene glycol derivatives as described in the art.
The present invention encompasses a method of stimulating the GLP-1 receptor in
a subject in need of such stimulation, said method comprising the step of administering to
the subject an effective amount of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound described herein. The
present invention also encompasses a method of stimulating the GLP-1 receptor in a
subject in need of such stimulation, said method comprising the step of administering to
the subject an effective amount of an unPEGylated GLP-1 compound with a sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs 3-10 provided that there are 2 or 1 Cys in the molecule. Subjects
in need of GLP-1 receptor stimulation include those with non-insulin dependent diabetes,
stress-induced hyperglycemia, obesity, gastric and/or intestinal motility or emptying
disorders including, for example, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.

STATEMENT OF INVENTION:
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a PEGylated GLP-1 compound comprising the
amino acid sequence of Formula IV (SEQ ID NO:6)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly-Xaal11-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Xaa19-Xaa20-Glu-
Xaa22-Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-Xaa33-Xaa34-Xaa35-
Xaa36-Xaa37-Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47
Formula IV (SEQ ID NO: 6)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, (3-
hydroxy-histidine, homohistidine, a-fluoromethyl-histidine, or a-methyl-
histidine;
Xaag is: Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr;
Xaa11 is: Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe, Trp, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa18 is: Ser, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, Val;
Xaa19 is: Tyr, Trp, or Phe;
Xaa20 is: Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Trp;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa23 is: Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, He, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu, Ile, Ala, or Cys;
Xaa30 is: Ala, Glu or Cys
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile; .
Xaa34 is: Lys, Asp, Arg, Glu or Cys;
Xaa35 is: Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly, Pro, Arg or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, Pro, Ser or Cys;
Xaa38 is: Ser, Pro, His or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys or Cys;
Xaa40 is: Ser, Gly, or Cys;

Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa42 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa45 is: Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
X4a46 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaan is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent;
and wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or 3, 2 or 1
of the Lys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule; and provided that
if Xaa42, Xaa43, Xaa44, Xaa45 or Xaa46 is absent each amino acid downstream is
absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys in the molecule.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a 37 amino acid peptide secreted by the L-
cells of the intestine in response to food ingestion. Numerous GLP-1 analogs and
derivatives have been described in the art. The present invention describes modifications
to GLP-1 compounds that result in extended elimination half-life and/or reduced
clearance. Incorporation of 1 or 2 Cys residues into particular amino acid sites of the
peptide provides a thiol group to which a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG derivative
may be covalpntly attached resulting in a PEGylated GLP-1 compound. Additionally, the
lysine residues or the carboxy-terminus of the GLP-1 peptides, analogs or fragments of
the invention imay be covalently attached to one or more molecules of PEG or a PEG
derivative resulting in a molecule with extended elimination half-life and/or reduced
clearance.

The te|rm "polypeptide" or "peptide" as used herein, is intended to indicate any
structural form (e.g., primary, secondary or tertiary form) of an amino acid sequence
comprising mpre than 5 amino acid residues, which may or may not be further modified
(e.g., acetylated, carboxylated, phosphorylated, lipidated, or acylated). The term "native"
refers to a polypeptide that has an amino acid sequence that is identical to one found in
nature. The term "native" is intended to encompass allelic variants of the polypeptide in
question.
The tehn "amino acid" is used herein in its broadest sense, and includes naturally
occurring ami|no acids as well as non-naturally occurring amino acids, including amino
acid variants and derivatives. One skilled in the art will recognize, in view of this broad
definition, tha|t reference herein to an amino acid includes, for example, naturally

occurring proteogenic L-amino acids; D-amino acids; chemically modified amino acids
such as aminp acid variants and derivatives; naturally occurring non-proteogenic amino
acids such as norleucine, -alanine, ornithine, etc.; and chemically synthesized
compounds having properties known in the art to be characteristic of amino acids.
Examples of non-naturally occurring amino acids include a-methyl amino acids (e.g., -
methyl alanine), D-amino acids, histidine-like amino acids (e.g., 2-amino-histidine, P-
hydroxy-histidine, homohistidine, -fluoromethyl-histidine and a-methyl-histidine),
amino acids naving an extra methylene in the side chain ("homo" amino acids) and amino
acids in which a carboxylic acid functional group in the side chain is replaced with a
sulfonic acid group (e.g., cysteic acid). Preferably, however, the GLP-1 compounds of
the present invention comprise only naturally occurring amino acids except as otherwise
specifically provided herein.
The term "GLP-1 compound" as used herein, includes native GLP-1, [GLP-1 (7-
37)OH or GLP-l(7-36)NH2], GLP-1 analogs, GLP-1 derivatives, GLP-1 biologically
active fragments, extended GLP-1 or an analog or fragment of an extended GLP-1
peptide (see,, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/346474 and 60/405,097),
exendin-4 aralogs and exendin-4 derivatives comprising one or two Cys residues at
particular positions of the peptide as described herein.
By custom in the art, the amino terminus of native GLP-l(7-37)OH has been
assigned residue number 7 and the carboxy-terminus, number 37. The other amino acids
in the polypontide are numbered consecutively, as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. For example,
position 12 is phenylalanine and position 22 is glycine in the native molecule.
A "GLP-1 fragment," or "fragment of a GLP-1 compound" as used herein, is a
biologically active polypeptide obtained after truncation of one or more amino acids from
the AT-terminus and/or C-terminus of a GLP-1 compound. The nomenclature used to
describe GLtM(7-37)OH applies to GLP-1 fragments. For example, GLP-l(9-36)OH
denotes a GLP-1 fragment obtained by truncating two amino acids from the TV-terminus
and one amino acid from the C-terminus. The amino acids in the fragment are denoted by
the same number as the corresponding amino acid in GLP-l(7-37)OH. For example, the
N-terminal glutamic acid in GLP-1 (9-36)OH is at position 9; position 12 is occupied by
phenylalanine; and position 22 is occupied by glycine, as in GLP-1 (7-37)OH.

GLP-1 compounds include GLP-1 analogs and exendin-4 analogs. To be clear,
"exendin-4 analogs" as included within "GLP-1 compounds" always have one or two Cys
residues. Preferably, a GLP-1 analog has the amino acid sequence of GLP-1 (7-3 7)OH or
an extended GLP-1 peptide as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos.
60/346474 filed August 1, 2002, or 60/405,097 filed August 21, 2002, both entitled
"Extended Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs." or a fragment thereof, modified so that 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 amino acids differ from the amino acid in the corresponding position of
GLP-l(7-37)OH or a fragment of GLP-1 (7-3 7)OH or modified so that 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6
amino acids differ from the amino acid in the corresponding position of an extended
GLP-1 peptide. Most preferred GLP-1 analogs are described herein in Formulas, I, II, III,
IV, V, VI and VII. Most preferred exendin-4 analogs are described herein in Formula
VIII.
The term "PEGylated" when referring to a GLP-1 compound of the present
invention refers to a GLP-1 compound that is chemically modified by covalent
attachment of one or more molecules of polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof.
Furthermore it is intended that the term "PEG" refers to polyethylene glycol or a
derivative thereof as are known in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos: 5,445,090;
5,900,461; 5,932,462; 6,436,386; 6,448,369; 6,437,025; 6,448,369; 6,495,659; 6,515,100
and 6,514,4911). Preferably, in PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention,
PEG (or a derivative thereof) is covalently attached to one or more lysine or cysteine
residues of the GLP-1 compound. Most preferably, PEG is covalently attached to one or
more cysteine residues of the GLP-1 compound. For PEGylated exendin-4 analogs of the
present invention, PEG is attached to one or two cysteine residues introduced into
exendin-4 or in exendin-4 analog at positions identified in Formula VIII. Optionally, the
PEG molecules may be attached to the GLP-1 compound via a linker or spacer molecule
(see exemplary spacer molecules described in U.S. Patent 6,268,343).
In the nonmenclature used herein to designate GLP-1 compounds, the substituting
amino acid and its position is indicated followed by the name of the parent peptide. For
example, Glu22-GLP-l(7-37)OH designates a GLP-1 compound in which the glycine
normally found at position 22 of GLP-1 (7-3 7)OH has been replaced with glutamic acid;
Val8Glu22-GLP-l(7-37)OH (or V8E22-GLP-l(7-37)OH) designates a GLP-1 compound in

which alanine normally found at position 8 and glycine normally found at position 22 of
GLP-1 (7-37)OH have been replaced with valine and glutamic acid, respectively. Valg-
exendin4 designates a GLP-1 compound in which serine normally found at position 8 of
exendin4 has been replaced with a valine. Preferably the GLP-1 compounds of the
invention haive insulinotropic activity.
"Insulinotropic activity" refers to the ability to stimulate insulin secretion in
response to elevated glucose levels, thereby causing glucose uptake by cells and
decreased plfcsma glucose levels. Insulinotropic activity can be assessed by methods
known in the art, including using in vivo experiments and in vitro assays that measure
GLP-1 recepor binding activity or receptor activation, e.g., assays employing pancreatic
islet cells or insulinoma cells, as described in EP 619,322 to Gelfand, et al, and U.S.
Patent No. 5,120,712, respectively. Insulinotropic activity is routinely measured in
humans by measuring insulin levels or C-peptide levels.
For the purposes of the present invention an in vitro GLP-1 receptor signaling
assay is used to determine whether a PEGylated GLP-1 compound of the present
invention will exhibit insulinotropic activity in vivo. Insulinotropic activity is an activity
that may be used to demonstrate that the PEGylated GLP-1 compound is biologically
active.
"In vitno potency" as used herein, is the measure of the ability of a peptide to
activate the GLP-1 receptor in a cell-based assay. In vitro potency is expressed as the
"EC50" which is the effective concentration of compound that results in 50% activity in a
single dose-response experiment. For the purposes of the present invention, in vitro
potency is determined using a fluorescence assay that employs HEK-293 cells that stably
express the human GLP-1 receptor. These HEK-293 cells have stably integrated a DNA
vector having a cAMP response element (CRE) driving expression of the P-lactamase
(BLAM) gene. The interaction of a GLP-1 compound (or agonist) with the receptor
initiates a signal that results in activation of the cAMP response element and subsequent
expression of actamase. The p-lactamase CCF2/AM substrate that emits fluorescence
when it is cleaved by p-lactamase (PanVera LLC) can then be added to cells that have
been exposed to a specific amount of GLP-1 agonist to provide a measure of GLP-1
agonist potencyl The assay is further described in Zlokarnik et al. (1998) Science 279:84-

88. The EC50 values for the compounds listed in Example 4 were determined using the
BLAM assay described above. Relative in vitro potency values may be established by
running Val8-GLP-l(7-37)OH of native GLP-1 as a control and assigning the control a
reference value of 100%.
The t0rm "plasma half-life" refers to the time in which half of the relevant
molecules circulate in the plasma prior to being cleared. An alternatively used term is
"elimination half-life." The term "extended" or "longer" used in the context of plasma
half-life or elimination half-life indicates there is a statistically significant increase in the
half-life of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound relative to that of the reference molecule (e.g.,
the non-PEGMated form of the peptide or the native peptide) as determined under
comparable conditions. Preferably a PEGylated GLP-1 compound of the present
invention hag an elimination half-life of at least one hour, more preferably at least 3, 5, 7,
10, 15, 20 hours and most preferably at least 24 hours. The half-life reported herein in
Example 5 is the elimination half-life; it is that which corresponds to the terminal log-
linear rate of elimination. Those of skill in the art appreciate that half-life is a derived
parameter that changes as a function of both clearance and volume of distribution.
Clearance is the measure of the body's ability to eliminate a drug. As clearance
decreases due, for example, to modifications to a drug, half-life would be expected to
increase. However, this reciprocal relationship is exact only when there is no change in
the volume of distribution. A useful approximate relationship between the terminal log-
linear half-life (t 1/2), clearance (C), and volume of distribution (V) is given by the
equation: t1/2 0.693 (V/C). Clearance does not indicate how much drug is being
removed bull, rather, the volume of biological fluid such as blood or plasma that would
have to be completely freed of drug to account for the elimination. Clearance is
expressed as a volume per unit of time. The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present
invention preferably have a clearance value of 200 ml/h/kg or less, more preferably 180,
150, 120, 100, 80, 60 ml/h/kg or less and most preferably 50, 40 or 20 ml/h/kg or less
(See Example 5).
In the present invention, a Cys amino acid may not be incorporated at positions 7,
28, 29, 31 or 32 or GLP-1 or GLP-1 analog peptides because of loss of activity of the
resulting peptide. It is contemplated that all other residues may be replace with a cysteine

but it is preferably that such cysteine be incorporated at position(s) selected from the
group consisting of 11, 12, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 34, 35, 36 and 37 of GLP-1 or
GLP-1 analog peptides, with preferably no more than 2 or 1 Cys amino acids per
molecule. When Cys amino acids exist in the GLP-1 molecule, it is even more preferred
preferred that they are located at position(s) selected from the group consisting of 22, 26,
34, 35, 36 and 37 and even more preferred to exist at position 26 and/or 34. The resulting
molecule may be PEGylated at the Cys amino acids resulting in a modified molecule that
retains all or a portion of a biological activity while having a longer half-life than that of
the unmodified molecule or than that of a native molecule. Alternatively, in the
invention, GLP-1 or GLP-1 analog peptides may be PEGylated at one, two or three of the
lysine residues at positions 18, 22 and 26; or at the amino acid at the carboxy terminus of
the peptide.
Another embodiment of the invention is the unPEGylated GLP-1 compounds with
the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs 3-10 provided that there are 2 or 1 Cys in the
molecule. Applicants discovered that residues at specific position of the GLP-1
compounds can be substituted with Cys and still retain biological activity. These
unPEGylated GLP-1 compounds may be intermediates used in the process of producing
the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention. These compounds may also
be used as therapeutics for disorders where an extended half-life is not required, e.g.,
irritable bowel syndrome.
Once a peptide for use in the invention is prepared and purified, it is modified by
covalently linking at least one PEG molecule to Cys or Lys residues or to the carboxy-
terminal amino acid. It is difficult to endow delicate peptide or protein molecules with
suitable new properties by attaching polymers without causing loss of their functionality.
A wide variety of methods have been described in the art to produce covalently
conjugated to PEG and the specific method used for the present invention is not intended
to be limiting (for review article see, Roberts, M. et al. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,
54:459-476, 2002). Carboxy-terminal attachment of PEG may be attached via enzymatic
coupling using recombinant GLP-1 peptide as a precursor or alternative methods known
in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,343,898 or International Journal of
Peptide & Potein Research 43:127-38, 1994. PEGylation of proteins may overcome
many of the bharmacological and toxicological/immunological problems associated with

using peptide s or proteins as therapeutics. However, for any individual peptide it is
uncertain whether the PEGylated form of the peptide will have significant loss in
bioactivity as compared to the unPEGylated form of the peptide.
The bioactivity of PEGylated proteins can be effected by factors such as: i) the
size of the PEG molecule; ii) the particular sites of attachment; iii) the degree of
modification; iv) adverse coupling conditions; v) whether a linker is used for attachment
or whether the polymer is directly attached; vi) generation of harmful co-products; vii)
damage inflicted by the activated polymer; or viii) retention of charge. Depending on the
coupling reac tion used, polymer modification of cytokines, in particular, has resulted in
dramatic reductions in bioactivity. [Francis, G.E., et al., (1998) PEGylation of cytokines
and other the repeutic proteins and peptides: the importance of biological optimization of
coupling techniques, Intl. J. Hem. 68:1-18].
PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention have an in vitro biological
activity that is at least 0.5% that of native GLP-1 or more preferably that of Val8-GLP-
l(7-37)OH. More preferably, the PEGylated GLP-1 compound of the present invention
has an in vitrop biological activity that is at least 1% or 3% that of native GLP-1 or more
preferably that of Val8-GLP-l(7-37)OH. Such biological activity may be determined by
the in vitro potency assay as described herein (Example 4) or by other GLP-1 assays
known in the art. Although some PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention may
have biological activity lower than that of native GLP-1 or of Val8-GLP-l(7-37)OH as
measured in a particular assay; this activity decrease is compensated by the compound's
extended half -life and/or lower clearance value and may even be a favorable
characteristic for a GLP-1 compound with an extended elimination half-life.
It is further contemplated that the positions of the GLP-1 peptide which have been
found to accommodate a cysteine residue without elimination of biological activity may
be substituted with a cysteine in the analogous position of exendin-4 and result in an
exendin-4 analog still capable of binding the GLP-1 receptor. Preferably there are no
more than 2 sr 1 Cys amino acids per exendin-4 analog of the invention. Preferably Cys
that exist in 1 he molecule are at positions selected from the group consisting of 11, 12, 16,
22, 23, 24, 2 5, 26, 27, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44 (see Formula VIII);
preferably positions selected from the group consisting of 22, 26, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 4 5 and 44; even more preferably positions 26 and/or 34. Cys amino acids

present in the molecule are covalently attached to a PEG molecule resulting in a
PEGylated exendin-4 analog with an elimination half-life longer than that of native
exendin-4. Preferably a PEGylated exendin-4 analog peptide (as described in Formula
VIII) of the; present invention has a biological activity that is at least 0.5%, 1.0%, 3%,
10%, 30%, or 50% that of the unPEGylated exendin-4 analog. The sequence of wild type
exendin 4 is: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPS
(SEQIDNO: 11).
In its typical form, PEG is a linear polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups and has
the formula HO-CH2CH2-(CH2CH2O)N-CH2CH2-OH, where n is from about 8 to about
4000. The terminal hydrogen may be substituted with a protective group such as an alkyl
or alkanol group. Preferably, PEG has at least one hydroxy group, more preferably it is a
terminal hydroxy group. It is this hydroxy group which is preferably activated to react
with the peptide. There are many forms of PEG useful for the present invention.
Numerous derivatives of PEG exist in the art and are suitable for use in the invention.
(See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos: 5,445,090; 5,900,461; 5,932,462; 6,436,386; 6,448,369;
6,437,025^ 6,448,369; 6,495,659; 6,515,100 and 6,514,491 and Zalipsky, S. Bioconjugate
Chem. 6:150-165, 1995). The PEG molecule covalently attached to GLP-1 compounds in
the present invention is not intended to be limited to a particular type. PEG's molecular
weight is preferably from 500-100,000 daltons and more preferably from 20,000-60,000
daltons and most preferably from 20,000-40,000 daltons. PEG may be linear or branched
and PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention may have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 PEG
molecules attached to the peptide. It is most preferably that there be one PEG molecule
per PEGylated GLP-1 compound molecule; however, when there are more than PEG
molecules! per peptide molecule, it is preferred that there be no more than six. It is further
contemplated that both ends of the PEG molecule may be homo- or heroly-functionalized
for crosslimking two or more GLP-1 compounds together.
The present invention provides GLP-1 compounds with one or more PEG
molecules covalently attached thereto. One method for preparing the PEGylated GLP-1
compounds of the present invention involves the use of PEG-maleimide to directly attach
PEG to a thiol group of the peptide. The introduction of a thiol functionality can be
achieved by adding or inserting a Cys residue onto or into the peptide at positions
described above. A thiol functionality can also be introduced onto the side-chain of the

peptide (e.k. acylation of lysine e-amino group of a thiol-containing acid). A PEGylation
process of the present invention utilizes Michael addition to form a stable thioether linker.
The reaction is highly specific and takes place under mild conditions in the presence of
other functional groups. PEG maleimide has been used as a reactive polymer for
preparing well-defined, bioactive PEG-protein conjugates. It is preferable that the
procedure uses a molar excess of a thiol-containing GLP-1 compound relative to PEG
maleimide to drive the reaction to completion. The reactions are preferably performed
between pH 4.0 and 9.0 at room temperature for 15 to 40 hours. The excess of
unPEGylated thiol-containing peptide is readily separated from the PEGylated product by
conventional separation methods. Exemplary conditions required for PEGylation of
GLP-1 compounds are set forth in Example 1. Cysteine PEGylation may be performed
using PEG maleimide or bifurcated PEG maleimide.
GLP-1 compounds have a variety of biological activities. For example, GLP-1
has been found to stimulate insulin release, thereby causing glucose uptake by cells and
decreased serum glucose levels [see, e.g., Mojsov, S., (1992) Int. J. Peptide Protein
Research, 40:333]. GLP-1 is particularly promising as a treatment for non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) as it does present a risk of hypoglycemia as do
present NIDDM treatments. GLP-1 is also contemplated to be a treatment for obesity,
irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
It is contemplated that a use of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound of the present
invention includes use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of non-
insulin dependent diabetes, obesity, stroke, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel
syndrome or functional dyspepsia. PEGylation of a GLP-1 compound may be combined
with other modifications known in the art to increase GLP-1 half-life (see, e.g, U.S.
Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/346474 filed August 1, 2002, and 60/405,097 filed
August 21,2002) and thereby increase the half-life of the compound even further than
PEGylation alone or the other modification method alone.
As used herein, the term "GLP-1 compound" also includes pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of the compounds described herein. A GLP-1 compound of this
invention can possess a sufficiently acidic, a sufficiently basic, or both functional
groups, and accordingly react with any of a number of inorganic bases, and inorganic
and organic acids, to form a salt. Acids commonly employed to form acid addition

salts are inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid,
sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, and organic acids such as p-
toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, P-bromophenyl-sulfonic acid,
carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
Examples of such salts include the sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite,
phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate,
pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate,
acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caproate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate,
succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne-1,6-
dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate,
methoxybenzoate, phthalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate,
phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate,
tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-
sulfonate, mandelate, and the like.
Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as
ammonium or alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the
like. Such bases useful in preparing the salts of this invention thus include sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, and the
like.
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention are particularly
suited for parenteral administration, they can be also be delivered orally, by nasal
administration, or by inhalation. Parenteral administration can include, for example,
systemic administration, such as by intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or
intraperitoneal injection. The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds can be administered to
the subject in conjunction with an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, diluent or
excipient as part of a pharmaceutical composition for treating the diseases discussed
above. The pharmaceutical composition can be a solution or, if administered
parenterally, a suspension of the GLP-1 compound or a suspension of the GLP-1
compound complexed with a divalent metal cation such as zinc. Suitable
pharmaceutical carriers may contain inert ingredients which do not interact with the
peptide or peptide derivative. Standard pharmaceutical formulation techniques may
be employed such as those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack

Publishing Company, Easton, PA. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers for parenteral
administration include, for example, sterile water, physiological saline, bacteriostatic
saline (saline containing about 0.9% mg/ml benzyl alcohol), phosphate-buffered
saline, Hank's solution, Ringer's-lactate and the like. Some examples of suitable
excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, and mannitol.
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the invention may be formulated for
administration such that blood plasma levels are maintained in the efficacious range
for extended time periods. The main barrier to effective oral peptide drug delivery is
poor bioavailability due to degradation of peptides by acids and enzymes, poor
absorption through epithelial membranes, and transition of peptides to an insoluble
form after exposure to the acidic pH environment in the digestive tract. Oral delivery
systems for peptides such as those encompassed by the present invention are known
in the art. For example, PEGylated GLP-1 compounds can be encapsulated using
microspheres and then delivered orally. For example, PEGylated GLP-1 compounds
can be encapsulated into microspheres composed of a commercially available,
biocompatible, biodegradable polymer, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-COOH and olive
oil as a filler. See Joseph, et al. (2000) Diabetologia 43:1319-1328. Other types of
microsphere technology is also available commercially such as Medisorb® and
Prolease® biodegradable polymers from Alkermes. Medisorb® polymers can be
produced with any of the lactide isomers. Lactide:glycolide ratios can be varied
between 0:100 and 100:0 allowing for a broad range of polymer properties. This
allows for the design of delivery systems and implantable devices with resorption
times ranging from weeks to months. Emisphere has also published numerous articles
discussing oral delivery technology for peptides and proteins. For example, see WO
9528838 by Leone-bay et al. which discloses specific carriers comprised of modified
amino acids to facilitate absorption.
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds described herein can be used to treat subjects
with a wide variety of diseases and conditions. PEGylated GLP-1 compounds
encompassed by the present invention exert their biological effects by acting at a receptor
referred to as the "GLP-1 receptor" (see Dillon et al. (1993) Cloning and Functional
Expression of the Human Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor, Endocrinology,
133:1907-1910). Subjects with diseases and/or conditions that respond favorably to

GLP-1 receptor stimulation or to the adminstration of GLP-1 compounds can therefore be
treated with the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention. These subjects
are said to "be in need of treatment with GLP-1 compounds" or "in need of GLP-1
receptor stimulation".
Included are subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes, insulin dependent
diabetes, stroke (see WO 00/16797 by Efendic), myocardial infarction (see WO 98/08531
by Efendic), obesity (see WO 98/19698 by Efendic), catabolic changes after surgery (see
U.S. Patent No. 6,006,753 to Efendic), functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome
(see WO 99/64060 by Efendic). Also included are subjects requiring prophylactic
treatment with a GLP-1 compound, e.g., subjects at risk for developing non-insulin
dependent diabetes (see WO 00/07617). Additional subjects include those with impaired
glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, subjects whose body weight is about 25%
above normal body weight for the subject's height and body build, subjects with a partial
pancreatectomy, subjects having one or more parents with non-insulin dependent
diabetes, subjects who have had gestational diabetes and subjects who have had acute or
chronic pancreatitis are at risk for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes.
The PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention can be used to
normalize blood glucose levels, prevent pancreatic (3-cell deterioration, induce p-cell
proliferation, stimulate insulin gene transcription, up-regulate IDX-l/PDX-1 or other
growth factors, improve (3-cell function, activate dormant P-cells, differentiate cells into
P-cells, stimulate P-cell replication, inhibit p-cell apoptosis, regulate body weight and
induce weight loss.
An "effective amount" of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound is the quantity that
results in a desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect without causing unacceptable
side-effects when administered to a subject in need of GLP-1 receptor stimulation. A
"desired therapeutic effect" includes one or more of the following: 1) an amelioration of
the symptom(s) associated with the disease or condition; 2) a delay in the onset of
symptoms associated with the disease or condition; 3) increased longevity compared with
the absence of the treatment; and 4) greater quality of life compared with the absence of
the treatment. For example, an "effective amount" of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound for
the treatment of diabetes is the quantity that would result in; greater control of blood

glucose concentration than in the absence of treatment, thereby resulting in a delay in the
onset of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy or kidney disease. An
"effective amount" of a PEGylated GLP-1 compound for the prevention of diabetes is the
quantity that would delay, compared with the absence of treatment, the onset of elevated
blood glucose levels that require treatment with anti-hypoglycaemic drugs such as
sulfonyl ureas, thiazolidinediones, insulin and/or bisguanidines.
An "effective amount" of the PEGylated GLP-1 compound administered to a
subject will also depend on the type and severity of the disease and on the characteristics
of the subject, such as general health, age, sex, body weight and tolerance to drugs.
Typically, the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present invention will be administered
such that plasma levels are within the range of about 5 picomoles/liter and about 200
picomoles/liter. Optimum plasma levels for Val8-GLP-l(7-37)OH were determined to be
between 30 picomoles/liter and about 200 picomoles/liter.
A typical dose range for the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present
invention will range from about 0.01 mg per day to about 1000 mg per day for an adult.
Preferably, the dosage ranges from about 0.1 mg per day to about 100 mg per day, more
preferably from about 1.0 mg/day to about 10 mg/day.
A "subject" is a mammal, preferably a human, but can also be an animal,
e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows,
sheep, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea
pigs, and the like).
The peptides used to generate the PEGylated GLP-1 compounds of the present
invention can be prepared by using standard methods of solution phase or solid-phase
peptide synthesis techniques. Peptide synthesizers are commercially available from, for
example, Applied Biosystems in Foster City CA. Reagents for solid phase synthesis are
commercially available, for example, from Midwest Biotech (Fishers, IN). Solid phase
peptide synthesizers can be used according to manufacturers instructions for blocking
interfering groups, protecting the amino acid to be reacted, coupling, decoupling, and
capping of unreacted amino acids.
Typically, an (-^-carbamoyl protected amino acid and the iV-terminal amino acid
on the growing peptide chain on a resin is coupled at room temperature in an inert solvent
such as dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or methylene chloride in the presence

of coupling agents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and a
base such as diisopropylethylamine. The (-N-carbamoyl protecting group is removed
from the resulting peptide resin using a reagent such as trifluoroacetic acid or piperidine,
and the coupling reaction repeated with the next desired N-protected amino acid to be
added to the peptide chain. Suitable amine protecting groups are well known in the art
and are described, for example, in Green and Wuts, "Protecting Groups in Organic
Synthesis", John Wiley and Sons, 1991, the entire teachings of which are incorporated by
reference. Examples include t-butyloxycarbonyl (tBoc) and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
(Fmoc).
The peptides are also synthesized using standard automated solid-phase synthesis
protocols using t-butoxycarbonyl- or fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-alpha-amino acids with
appropriate side-chain protection. After completion of synthesis, peptides are cleaved
from the solid-phase support with simultaneous side-chain deprotection using standard
hydrogen fluoride methods. Crude peptides are then further purified using Reversed-
Phase Chromatography on Vydac C18 columns using acetonitrile gradients in 0.1%
trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). To remove acetonitrile, peptides are lyophilized from a
solution containing 0.1 % TFA, acetonitrile and water. Purity can be verified by
analytical reversed phase chromatography. Identity of peptides can be verified by mass
spectrometry. Peptides can be solubilized in aqueous buffers at neutral pH.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples that are not
intended to be limiting in any way.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 - PEGvlation of GLP-1 related analogs:
PEGylation reactions are run under conditions that permit the formation of a
thioether bond. Specifically, the pH of the solution ranges from about 4 to 9 and the
thiol-containing peptide concentrations range from 1 to 10 molar excess of methoxy-
PEG2-MAL concentration. The PEGylation reactions are normally run at room
temperature. The PEGylated GLP-1 peptide is then isolated using reverse-phase HPLC or
size exclusion chromatography (SEC). PEGylated GLP-1 analogues are characterized
using analytical RP-HPLC, HPLC-SEC, SDS-PAGE, and/or MALDI Mass Spectrometry.
Thiol-containing GLP-1 peptides are reacted with 40 kDa polyethylene glycol-
maleimide (PEG-maleimide) to produce derivatives with PEG covalently attached via a

thioether bond. For example, peptide Cex-51-C (V8E22I33C40 GLP-1, 45aa in length; 7.5
mg, 1.8 µmol) is dissolved in 2 ml of 200 mM phosphate buffer containing 20 mM
EDTA, pH 7.4. The solution is then purged with argon. To this solution is added 40 mg
of methoxy-PEG2-MAL, a bifurcated PEG maleimide (Lot# PT-02B-10, Shearwater
Polymers, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama) (0.55:1 mole/mole ratio of PEG to peptide). The
reaction is performed for 2 hours. Then 25 mg of the PEGylated peptide is purified by
RP-HPLC, characterized by size-exclusion HPLC, and tested for in vitro activity.
Example 2 - 40kDa-PEG-maleimide reaction with GLP analogs
GLP-1 analogs such as C16E22V8GLP and VgC38 GLP are selectively PEGylated at
the introduced cysteine residue using maleimide-activated bifurcated 40 kDa mPEG
(Shearwater Polymers, Inc.). For the PEGylation reaction, the peptide to be PEGylated is
dissolved in 100 mM TRIS buffer at pH 8.0 and a 1.25-fold molar excess of bulk 40 kDa-
mPEG is added. The reaction is allowed to stir at room temperature for 2-3 hours and
then dialyzed overnight (7 kDa membrane) against 10 mM citrate, 10 mM phosphate, pH
7.4 at approximately 5°C. The PEGylated-GLP molecules are purified by anion exchange
chromatography on a Mono-Q column (Amersham Biosciences Corp, Piscataway, NJ)
using a NaCl gradient at neutral pR.
Example 3 - DSPE-3.4kDa-PEG-maleimide reaction with GLP-1 analogs
GLP-1 analogs such as C16E22V8GLP-l and V8C38GLP-1 are selectively
PEGylated at the introduced cysteine residue using maleimide-activated 3.4kDa mPEG
terminated with a lipid, distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DSPE) (Shearwater
Polymers, Inc.). For the PEGylation reaction, the peptide is dissolved in 100 mM TRIS
buffer at pH 8 and a 1.25-fold molar excess of bulk DSPE-3.4kDa-PEG-maleimide is
added. Absolute ethanol is added to approximately 17% to assist in solubilizing the
DSPE-3.4kDa-PEG-maleimide. The reaction is allowed to stir at room temperature for 2-
3 hours and then dialyzed overnight (7 kDa membrane) against 10 mM citrate, 10 mM
phosphate, pH 7.4 at approximately 5°C. The PEGylated-peptide is purified by anion
exchange chromatography on a Mono-Q column (Amersham Biosciences Corp,
Piscataway, NJ) using a NaCl gradient at neutral pH.

Example 4 - In vitro activity assay
HEK-293 cells expressing the human GLP-1 receptor, using the Pan Vera LLC
CRE-BLAM system, are seeded at 20,000 to 40,000 cells/well/100 µl DMEM medium
with 10%FBS into a poly-d-lysine coated 96 well black, clear-bottom plate. The day after
seeding, the medium is flicked off and 80 µl plasma-free DMEM medium is added. On
the third day after seeding, 20 µl of plasma-free DMEM medium with 0.5% BSA
containing different concentrations of PEGylated GLP-1 compound is added to each well
to generate a dose response curve. Generally, fourteen dilutions containing from 3
nanomolar to 30 nanomolar PEGylated peptide are used to generate a dose response curve
from which EC50 values can be determined. After 5 hours of incubation with the
PEGylated peptide, 20 µl of -lactamase substrate (CCF2/AM, PanVera LLC) is added
and incubation continued for 1 hour at which time fluorescence is determined on a
cytofluor. The assay is further described in Zlokarnik, et al. (1998), Science, 278:84-88.
The following PEGylated GLP-1 peptides were tested as described and had EC50 values

Example 5 - Pharmacokinetic analysis of derivatized GLP-1 peptide
A PEGylated GLP-1 analog (V8E22I33C40 kDa PEG (PEGylated, C40-modified
CEX-51)) is administered by intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) routes at a dose of
0.1 mg/kg to male SD rats. The animals (2 rats per timepoint for IV, 3 rats for timepoint
for SC) are bled at various times between 0 and 336 hours after dosing. Plasma is
collected from each sample and analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic
parameters are calculated using model-dependent (IV data) and independent (SC data)
methods (WinNonlin Pro). A representation of the pharamcokinetic parameters is
reported in the Table 1 below. By IV administration, the PEGylated GLP-1 analog has an
elimination half-life of approximately 1.5 days while by SC administration the PEGylated

GLP-1 analog has an elimination half-life of approximately 1.3 days. No adverse clinical
observations are associated with IV or SC administration of 0.1 mg/kg V8E22I33C40-
40kDaPEG. Prolonged elimination half-life, slow clearance and relatively high
subcutaneous bioavailability (approximately 60%) are observed for the compound.

When V8-GLP(7-37)OH is similarly IV administered to Fischer 344 rats at a dose of
10 µg/kg, profoundly different clearance and elimination half-life values are obtained as
listed below.
Clearance: 1449 ml/hr/kg
t1/2 (hr): 0.05
A PEGylated GLP-1 analog (V8E22I33C40-40 kDa PEG (PEGylated, C40-modified
CEX-51)) is administered by intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) routes at a dose of
0.1 mg/kg to male cynomolgus monkeys. The animals are bled at various times between
0 and 336 hours after dosing. Plasma is collected from each sample and analyzed by
radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated using model-dependent
(IV data) and independent (SC data) methods (WinNonlin Pro). A representation of the
pharamcokinetic parameters is reported in the Table 2 below. By IV administration, the
PEGylated GLP-1 analog has an elimination half-life of approximately 59.5 hours while
by SC administration the PEGylated GLP-1 analog has an elimination half-life of
approximately 61.6 hours.


Example 6 - Pharmacodynamic analysis of derivatized GLP-1 peptide
A PEGylated GLP-1 analog (V8E22I33C40-40 kDa PEG (PEGylated, C40-modified
CEX-51)) is administered by subcutaneous (SC) route at doses of 3 nmol/kg (12.33mg/kg
= 0.62 µg (microgram)/50g mouse) or 10 nmol/kg (41mg/kg = 2 µg (microgram)/50g
mouse) to male C57BL/6OlaHsd-Lep0bmice versus a vehicle only control. The animals
(6 mice per timepoint) are dosed with a single injection of either the PEGylated GLP-1
analog or vehicle at 11:00am. The mice are then fasted overnight and an IPTGG (1 g
dextrose/kg i.p.) is performed. Repeat samples for glucose and insulin are taken pre and
after the glucose injection at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. A representation of the
pharamcodynamic parameters is reported in the Tables below.









A PEGylated GLP-1 compound comprising the amino acid sequence of Formula
IV(SEQIDNO:6)
Xaa7-Xaa8-Glu-Gly-Xaal11-Xaa12-Thr-Ser-Asp-Xaa16-Ser-Xaa18-Xaa19-Xaa20-Glu-Xaa22-
Xaa23-Xaa24-Xaa25-Xaa26-Xaa27-Phe-Ile-Xaa30-Trp-Leu-Xaa33-Xaa34-Xaa35-Xaa36-Xaa37-
Xaa38-Xaa39-Xaa40-Xaa41-Xaa42-Xaa43-Xaa44-Xaa45-Xaa46-Xaa47
Formula IV (SEQ ID NO: 6)
wherein:
Xaa7 is: L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, (3hydroxy-
histidine, homohistidine, a-fluoromethyl-histidine, or a-methylhistidine;
Xaa8 is: Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Ser, or Thr; Xaa11 is:
Thr or Cys;
Xaa12 is: Phe, Trp, Tyr, or Cys;
Xaa16 is: Val, Trp, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Cys; Xaa18 is: Ser,
Trp, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Ile, Leu, Val; Xaa19 is: Tyr, Trp, or
Phe;
Xaa20 is: Leu, Phe, Tyr, or Trp;
Xaa22 is: Gly, Glu, Asp, Lys or Cys; Xaa23 is:
Gln or Cys;
Xaa24 is: Ala or Cys;
Xaa25 is: Ala, Val, He, Leu, or Cys;
Xaa26 is: Lys or Cys;
Xaa27 is: Glu, He, Ala, or Cys; Xaa30 is:
Ala, Glu or Cys
Xaa33 is: Val or Ile;
Xaa34 is: Lys, Asp, Arg, Glu or Cys; Xaa35 is:
Gly or Cys;
Xaa36 is: Gly, Pro, Arg or Cys;
Xaa37 is: Gly, Pro, Ser or Cys; Xaa38 is:
Ser, Pro, His or Cys;
Xaa39 is: Ser, Arg, Thr, Trp, Lys or Cys; Xaa40 is:
Ser, Gly, or Cys;
Xaa41 is: Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Lys, Gly, or Cys; Xaa42 is:
Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa43 is: Pro, Ala, Cys, NH2, or is absent;
Xaa44 is: Pro, Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Cys, NH2, or is absent; Xaa45 is:

Ser, His, Pro, Lys, Arg, Cys, NH2 or is absent; Xaa46 is: His, Ser,
Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
Xaa47 is: His, Ser, Arg, Lys, Cys, NH2 or is absent; and
wherein:
2 or 1 of the Cys residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule, or 3, 2 or 1 of the Lys
residues are covalently attached to a PEG molecule; and provided that if Xaa42, Xaa43, Xaa44,
Xaa45 or Xaa46 is absent each amino acid downstream is
absent; and provided that there are 2, 1 or 0 Cys
in the molecule.
A PEGylated GLP-1 compound as claimed in claim 1, provided that the PEGylated GLP-1
compound does not differ from GLP-l(7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 by more than 7 amino
acids within the amino acids from 7-37.
A PEGylated GLP-1 compound as claimed in claim 1, provided that the PEGylated GLP-1
compound does not differ from GLP-l(7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-3 6)NH2 by more than 6 amino
acids within the amino acids from 7-37.
A PEGylated GLP-1 compound as claimed in claim 1, provided that the PEGylated GLP-1
compound does not differ from GLP-1 (7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-3 6)NH2 by more than 5 amino
acids within the amino acids from 7-37.
A PEGylated GLP-I compound as claimed in claim 1, provided that the PEGylated GLP-1
compound does not differ from GLP-l(7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 by more than 4 amino
acids within the amino acids from 7-37.
A PEGylated GLP-1 compound as claimed in claim 1, provided that the PEGylated GLP-1
compound does not differ from GLP-l(7-37)OH or GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 by more than 3 amino
acids within the amino acids from 7-37.
A PEGylated GLP-1 compound substantially such as herein described and illustrated with
reference to the accompanying specification.

The invention provides GLP-1 compounds coupled to at least one polyethylene glycol
molecule or derivative thereof, resulting in a biologically active peptide with an extended
half-life and a slower clearance when compared to that of unPEGylated peptide. These
PEGylated GLP-1 compounds and compositions are useful in treating diabetes, obesity,
irritable bowel syndrome and other conditions that would be benefited by lowering plasma
glucose, inhibiting gastric and/or intestinal motility and inhibiting gastric and/or intestinal
emptying, or inhibiting food intake.

Documents:

1611-KOLNP-2005-(05-01-2012)-FORM-27.pdf

1611-KOLNP-2005-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

1611-KOLNP-2005-FORM 27.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-abstract.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-assignment.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-claims.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-correspondence.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-description (complete).pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-examination report.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 1.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 13.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 18.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 2.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 26.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 3.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-form 5.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-gpa.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

1611-kolnp-2005-granted-specification.pdf


Patent Number 228052
Indian Patent Application Number 1611/KOLNP/2005
PG Journal Number 05/2009
Publication Date 30-Jan-2009
Grant Date 28-Jan-2009
Date of Filing 11-Aug-2005
Name of Patentee ELI LILLY AND COMPANY
Applicant Address LILLY CORPORATE CENTER, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46285
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 WOLFGANG GLAESNER 7512 FIELDSTONE COURT, INDIANAPOLIS INDIANA 46254
2 ANDREW MARK VICK 10736 GATEWAY DRIVE, FISHERS, INDIANA 46038
3 RICHARD DENNIS DIMARCHI 10890 WILMINGTON DRIVE, CARMEL, INDIANA 46033
4 ROHN LEE MILLICAN, JR. 8145 GRASSY MEADOW COURT, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46259
5 LIANSHAN ZHANG 13244 SNOW OWL DRIVE, CARMEL, INDIANA 46033
PCT International Classification Number A61K
PCT International Application Number PCT/US2004/006082
PCT International Filing date 2004-03-19
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/456,081 2003-03-19 U.S.A.