Title of Invention

"A PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE SMOKE COMPOSITION"

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition. The composition produces extremely low toxicity smoke. According to the process a binder is prepared by mixing a polyester resin, an accelerator and a catalyst. Pyrotechnic smoke composition is prepared by mixing ammonium chloride, potassium chlorate containing 1% MgO, Anthracene and polyester binder and binder and pyrotechnic smoke composition is mixed.

Full Text

FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition suitable for fire fighting training, NBCD training and industrial use such as for testing the leakage of pipes. boilers, pressure vessels and reaction tubes of chemical process plants during their repair and refurbishing. PRIOR ART A pyrotechnic smoke composition utilizes the heat of chemical reaction between oxidizer and fuel to vaporize the volatile ingredients present in the composition for creating smoke. For the exclusive use in fire fighting training, environmentally safe smoke composition which produces low toxicity smoke are known in the art. One of the composition known in the art, comprises of Magnesium powder 10-25%, potassium nitrate 20-36%, Potassium perchlorate 0-157%, calcium carbonate 12—20%, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate and/or Sodium Carbonate 0-10%, Potassium chloride/Sodium chloride 20-50%, Azodicarbonamide/Oxamide or dicyandi amide 5—20% One of the disadvantages of the above composition is that it has high combustion temperature produced in the pyrotechnic: reaction which may lead to fire. Another disadvantage is that it has high sensitivity to impart and friction which may lead t.o accidental initiation during manufacture, transit and handling A further disadvantage is that special process equipments are required for its production. Still another disadvantage is that excessive heat of reaction is produced and therefore it. is not safe for trainincj purposes. Another composition Known in the art, contains Terephthalic acid 57%, Sucrose—14%, Potassium Chlorate 23%, Magnesium Carbonate 3%, graphite 1%, and Nitrocellulose 2%. One of the disadvantages of such a composition is that. it has also high sensitivity to impact and friction which may lead to accidental initiation during manufacture, transit and handling. Another disadvantage is that it requires use of special process equipment for its production. Yet another composition known in the art, contains Potassium Chlorate, Lactose, and Cinnamic acid 20-45%. One of the disadvantages of the above composition is that it has also high sensitivity to impact and friction which may lead to accidental initiation during manufacture, transit and handling. Another disadvantage is that process requires special process equipment. Still another disadvantage is excessive heat of reaction is produced which is not safe for training purposes. OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The primary object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of burning type of pyrotechnic environmentally safe smoke composition for producing smoke which produces extremely low toxicity smoke. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe composition which does not require any special process equipment. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which may be used in testing of leakage from pressure vessels, boilers and reaction tubes nf chemical process plants. Further object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which has low sensitivity towards impart and friction. Yet further object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which can be easily ignited. Still further object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which is economical. Even further object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which has cool burning smoke. STATEMENT OF INVENTION According to this invention there is provided a process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which produces extremely low toxicity smoke wherein the process characterised by the steps of:- (a) preparation of a binder by mixing a polyester resin in 100 gms, an accelerator in 0.75 ml to 1.5 ml and a catalyst 0.75 to 1.5 ml. (b) preparation of pyrotechnic smoke composition by mixing ammonium chloride (40-50 parts), potassium chlorate (30-45 parts) containing 1% MgO, Anthracene (10-20 parts) and polyester binder (5-10) parts. (c) mixing of binder and pyrotechnic smoke composition According to the present invention there is provided a process for preparation of an environmentally safe composition which has extremely low toxicity and is therefore suitable for fire fighting training, NBCD training and industrial use. In its simplest form the smoke generating composition comprises of at least one oxidizer, a fuel, a vaporizable constituent which is non toxic and a polyester binder. The composition of the present invention comprises of Ammonium chloride as a vaporizable constituent, Potassium Chlorate (with 1% magnesium Oxide) as oxidizer, Anthracene as fuel and suitable parts of a polyester binder. DECSRIPTION OF THE PROCESS The relative humidity of the processing room during the entire processing is maintained at 50-60%. The normal batch consists of 2.5 kg of smoke composition. The process of preparation of the formulation of present invention is detailed as under. Preparation of binder Accelerator, Cobalt Napthenate (Q-8021) and Catalyst MEK peroxide(Q-8013) are added to the polyester resin under the name HSR 8111. The typical gelation duration obtained at 25°C is as below and depends on varying amount of Catalyst and Accelerator. (Table Removed) The above are vigorously mixed/agitated to obtain a homogeneous binder Preparation of the Composition The nominal ingredients percentage used in the pyrotechnic smoke composition are as below: Broad % by wt of the composition (Table Removed) Required quantity of ingredients (excluding polyester resin which has been utilised for the preparation of binder) are loaded in a planetary mixture of 5 litre capacity and the comb shaped blade is used for the mixing. The mixture is first run at low speed (20 r p. m) for 5 minutes and thereafter for 25 minutes at high speed (40 r.p.m). The batch is unloaded and spread in an aluminum tray. Addition of Binder Uniform solution of binder of the above preparation is spread over the smoke composition. The composition is mixed with a wooden spatula manually and loaded in the above mentioned planetary mixture. The composition is mixed for 30 minutes at low speed (20 r.p.m) and is taken for filing within 24 hours. It has been observed that the above composition when ignited using matchstick produces smoke of ammonium chloride particulate which is of low toxicity and within environmentally acceptable limits and can therefore be utilised for fire fighting training and NBCD Training in enclosed areas and industrial use. The smoke is produced for a duration of four to five minutes and fills up 150 m3 of enclosed space. WORKING EXAMPLE; For preparation of 1 kg of Environmentally safe smoke composition, the ingredients were taken as under:- Ammonium Chloride 450 g Potassium Chlorate 400 g (Containing 4 g Magnesium Oxide) Anthracene 150g Polyester binder 70 g (HylacHSR8lll) Required quantity of ingredients (excluding polyester binder was loaded in a planetary mixer of 5 Litre capacity and the comb shaped blade was used for mixing. The mixer was first run at a low speed (20 rpm) for 5 minutes and thereafter for 25 minutes at high speed (40 rpm). The batch was unlaoded and spread in aluminium trays. Solution of 70 g of polyester resin HSR-8111 was taken in a mixing bowl and 0.7 cc of accelerator Q-8021 and 0.7 cc of catalyst Q-8013 were added with continuous stirring. The composition was mixed with a wooden spatula manually and loaded in the planetary mixer. The composition was mixed for 30 minutes at low speed (20 rpm) and was taken for filing within 24 hours. 300 ± 10 g of smoke composition was weighed along with 30 g of ignition composition (Smoke Composition without polyester binder and pressed at 100kg/cm2 using suitable 79 mm dia plunger (into a paper tube of dia 80 mm and which had its lower end turned over) using supporting mould. The above process was carried out in a room where the RH was maintained at 50 ± 5% using dehumidifier and ambient temperature about 25°C. The composition disclosed in the present invention is susceptible to changes and modifications. It is to be understood that the particulars embodying the present invention are disclosed by way of illustration and not as a limitation of the invention. The principals and features of this invention may be employed in various and numerous embodiments without departing from the scope of this invention. WE CLAIM; 1. A process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition which produces extremely low toxicity smoke wherein the process characterized by the steps of: - (a) Preparation of a binder by mixing a polyester resin in 100 gms, and cobalt nephthalate. In 0.75 ml to 1.5 ml and a conventional catalyst 0.75 to 1.5 ml. (b) Preparation of pyrotechnic smoke composition by mixing ammonium chloride (40-50 parts), potassium chlorate (30- 45 parts) containing 1% MgO, anthracene (10-20 parts) and polyester binder (5-10) parts. (c) Mixing of binder and pyrotechnic smoke composition 2. The process as claimed in claim I wherein for preparation of said pyrotechnic composition, ammonium chloride is preferably present in a amount of 43-47 parts. 3. The process and claimed in claim I wherein for preparation of said pyrotechnic composition, potassium chlorate is preferably present in a amount of 38-42 parts. 4. The process as claimed in claim I wherein for preparation of said pyrotechnic composition, anthracene preferably present in an amout of 13-17 parts. 5. The process as claimed in claim I wherein for preparation of said pyrotechnic composition, polyester binder is preferably present in quality in 6-8 parts. 6. The process for preparation of an environmentally safe smoke composition substantially described and illustrated herein.

Documents:

280-del-2000-abstract.pdf

280-del-2000-claims.pdf

280-del-2000-correspondence-others.pdf

280-del-2000-correspondence-po.pdf

280-del-2000-description (complete).pdf

280-del-2000-form-1.pdf

280-del-2000-form-19.pdf

280-del-2000-form-2.pdf

280-del-2000-form-3.pdf

280-del-2000-gpa.pdf