Title of Invention	"A COLD EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION FOR UNDERGROUND MINES AND OTHER EXCAVATION WORK AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE COMPOSITION THEREOF"
Abstract	A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof by oxidizing agent(s) Ammonium nitrate 43.0.3 to 44.20 wt%, Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt%, Reducing agent(s) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt%, Sugar 6.74 to 7.93 wt%, Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt%, Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt%, GuargumO.9 to 1.0 wt%, Cooling agent(s) Water 6.50 to 6.60, Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 11.30 wt%, Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%, Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%.

Title of Invention

"A COLD EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION FOR UNDERGROUND MINES AND OTHER EXCAVATION WORK AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE COMPOSITION THEREOF"

Abstract

A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof by oxidizing agent(s) Ammonium nitrate 43.0.3 to 44.20 wt%, Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt%, Reducing agent(s) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt%, Sugar 6.74 to 7.93 wt%, Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt%, Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt%, GuargumO.9 to 1.0 wt%, Cooling agent(s) Water 6.50 to 6.60, Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 11.30 wt%, Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%, Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%.

Full Text	This invention relates to a cold explosive composition for underground mines and other'excavation works and a process for the preparation of the composition there of The nitroglycerin (NG) based explosives are available in cartridge form in diameter 32 mm and weight 200 gm. These explosives have velocity of detonation (VOD) ranging from 2200 to 2900 m/sec and strength from 40 to 45 percent blasting gelatin explosive. The density varies from 1.10 to 1.25 gm/cm3. The nitroglycerine base compositions contain (i) Ammonium nitrate 55.50%, NG 20.00%, Nitro-cellulose 0.50%, Wood flour 2.50% and Sodium Chloride 21.50%; Ref. Encyclopedia of Explosives and related items PATR 2700 Vol. 3, p C450-455. Its cartridge material is waxed paper. These are highly sensitive to shock, friction, heat and flame. The fume quality is poor. When misfired, explosives are mixed in blasted muck may cause accident during loading and thereby increased danger during the operation. The slurry explosives are available in cartridge form having a diameter from 32 mm , weight 200 gm. and cartridge material is plastic tube with copper clips or blow molded tube. They are cap sensitive composition. Their velocity of detonation varies from 2800 to 3200 m/sec. and density 1.10 to 1.15 gm/cm3. The available explosives are poor in quality and deteriorates within six months. Their strength varies from 30 to 36% of BG. The explosion temperature varies from 2200-2600 °C with longer flame duration 14-15ms. Due to the higher explosion temperature and longer flame duration the ignition of methane air mixture occurs and low energy also causes poor rock fragmentation. There is a need for providing a new synergistic explosive composition which has lower explosion temperature and overcome the above noted drawbacks. Higher percentage of water in the formulation makes composition poor shelf life and affects its explosive parameters. Low percentage of water creates problem which makes explosives hard and grainy due to the crystallization of inorganic oxidizer salts on the contrary a higher percentage of water decreases the sensitivity as well as the strength, Ref, T. Urbanski, Chemistry and Technology of Explosives, P. 546-547, Vol.4. In our copending Indian Patent application No. 3071/DEL/98, Nabiullah, B. M. P. Pingua, Jagdish and T. N. Singh have described an explosive composition useful for safe blasting of coal and claimed the composition in the range of (g/100) Ammonium nitrate 40.15 to 41.10, Calcium nitrate 13.50 to 14.00, Aluminium (flake grade) 2.50 to 3.00, Sugar 7.30 to 7.40, Urea 1.80 to 2.36, Thio-urea 0.90 to 1.00, Sodium chloride 14.01 to 14.50 and water 18.45 to 19.00. The composition was prepared for highly gassy mine in P-5 conditions. In another copending Patent Application No. 2642/DEL/96, B. M. P. Pingua, Nabiullah, Jagdish and B. B. Dhar have described and claimed a coal base composition for surface blasting for dry holes. The composition claimed was (g/100) (i) Ammonium nitrate =92.00, Coal powder = 6.4, Guar gum=0.8, sodium nitrite = 0.4 and Potassium dichromate = 0.4 . (ii) Ammonium nitrate = 73.6, Sodium nitrate =15.6, Coal powder = 8.8, Guar gum = 1.5, Sodium nitrite = 0.2 and Potassium dichromate =0.3. C. In still another copending Patent application No. NF-112/99, B. M. P. Pingua, Nabiullah, Jagdish and T. N. Singh have described and claimed an explosive composition for cut face blasting in P-3 condition for underground coal mines. The said composition comprises composition (g/100) in the range of Ammonium nitrate 40.60 to 40.80, Calcium nitrate = 31.30 to 31.40, Aluminium powder = 2.75 to 3.00, sugar = 8.95 to 9.13, Flour = 1.47 to 1.50, Guar gum = 0.99 to 1.00, Water = 4.30 to 4.50, Sodium Chloride = 9.00 to 9.10, Potassium pyro-antimonate = 0.04 to 0.05 and Sodium nitrite = 0.04 to 0.05. The main objective of the present invention is to provide a cold explosive composition for underground mines which obviates the above noted drawbacks. Yet another object is to provide a synergistic composition having velocity of detonation between 3000 to 3200 m/sec; explosion temperature in between 1100 to 1,200°K; explosion energy in the range of 1550 - 1575 kJ/kg to break the rock with good fragmentation; strength of composition in between 35 to 37 % of BG. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing the novel explosive composition. Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a synergistic composition suitable as cold explosive for underground mines and other excavation work. This permitted group of explosive is cap- sensitive, low velocity of detonation (less than 3300 m/sec.) and non- incendive in methane and coal dust explosive mixture. The detonation temperature of this invented synergistic composition is in between 1100-1200° K with short flame duration in the range of 8-10 ms. The composition of the present invention utilizes ingredients of oxidizing agents such as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, reducing agents such as sugar, urea, thio-urea and aluminium powder, cooling agents such as ammonium chloride and water, cross-linking agents such as potassium dichromate, potassium pyro-antimonate or mixture thereof and sodium nitrite as a gassing agents was used to produce zero oxygen balance to provide a composition suitable as a slurry explosive. Accordingly, the present invention provides a cold explosive composition Accordingly, the present invention provides a cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work which comprises : Oxidizing agent(s) selected from a) Ammonium nitrate 43.03 to 44.20 wt% b) Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt% Reducing agent(s),selected from a) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt% b) Sugar 6.74 to 6.93 wt% c) Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt% d) Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt% e) Guargum 0.9tol.0wt% Cooling agent(s)selected from a) Water 6.50 to 6.60 wt% b) Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 11.30 wt% Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt% Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt% and a process for preparing the composition which comprises dissolving oxidizing agents in water at a temperature in the range of 70-75°C and maintaining pH of the solution in the range of 4.5 to 5.0 by adding acetic acid/nitric acid, adding reducing againtsto the solution so obtainedas fuel and cooling agent to obtain a zero oxygen balanced composition in slurry form, sensitizing the said slurry by using flake grade aluminium powder followed by treatment with cross-linking and gassing agents by known methods. The oxidizing agent used may be such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate or mixture thereof. The reducing agent used may be such as aluminium powder (flake), sugar, thiourea, urea, guar gum or mixture thereof. The cooling agent used may be such as ammonium chloride, water or mixture thereof. The cross-linking agent used may be such as potassium pyro-antimonate, potassium antimony tartarate, potassium dichromate or mixture thereof. The gassing agent used may be such as sodium nitrite, potassium thiocynate or mixture thereof. The oxidizing and reducing agents used may be of 99% purity. The cross-linking agents used may be of 99% purity. The gassing agents used may be of 99% purity. We claim : 1. A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work which comprises : Oxidizing agent(s) selected from a) Ammonium nitrate 43.03 to 44.20 wt% b) Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt% Reducing agent(s) selected from a) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt% b) Sugar 6.74 to 6.93 wt% c) Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt% d) Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt% e) Guargum 0.9tol.0wt% Cooling agent(s) selected from a) Water 6.50 to 6.60 wt% b) Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 1 1 .30 wt% Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt% Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt% and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof which comprises dissolving oxidizing agents in water at a temperature in the range of 70-75°C and maintaining pH of the solution in the range of 4.5 to 5.0 b adding acetic acid/nitric acid,reducing againt adding to the solution so obtained fuel obtain a zero oxygen balanced composition in slurry form, sensitizing the said slurry by using flake grade aluminium powder followed by treatment with cross-linking and gassing agents by known methods. 4. A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof substantially as herein described with reference to the examples.

Full Text

This invention relates to a cold explosive composition for underground mines and
other'excavation works and a process for the preparation of the composition there of

The nitroglycerin (NG) based explosives are available in cartridge form in
diameter 32 mm and weight 200 gm. These explosives have velocity of detonation (VOD) ranging from 2200 to 2900 m/sec and strength from 40 to 45 percent blasting gelatin explosive. The density varies from 1.10 to 1.25 gm/cm3. The nitroglycerine base compositions contain (i) Ammonium nitrate 55.50%, NG 20.00%, Nitro-cellulose 0.50%, Wood flour 2.50% and Sodium Chloride 21.50%; Ref. Encyclopedia of Explosives and related items PATR 2700 Vol. 3, p C450-455. Its cartridge material is waxed paper. These are highly sensitive to shock, friction, heat and flame. The fume quality is poor. When misfired, explosives are mixed in blasted muck may cause accident during loading and thereby increased danger during the operation.
The slurry explosives are available in cartridge form having a diameter from 32 mm , weight 200 gm. and cartridge material is plastic tube with copper clips or blow molded tube. They are cap sensitive composition. Their velocity of detonation varies from 2800 to 3200 m/sec. and density 1.10 to 1.15 gm/cm3. The available explosives are poor in quality and deteriorates within six months. Their strength varies from 30 to 36% of BG. The explosion temperature varies from 2200-2600 °C with longer flame duration 14-15ms. Due to the higher explosion temperature and longer flame duration the ignition of methane air mixture occurs and low energy also causes poor rock fragmentation. There is a need for providing a new synergistic explosive composition which has lower explosion temperature and overcome the above noted drawbacks. Higher percentage of water in the formulation makes composition poor shelf life and affects its explosive parameters. Low percentage of water creates problem which makes explosives hard and grainy due to the crystallization of inorganic oxidizer salts on the contrary a higher percentage of water

decreases the sensitivity as well as the strength, Ref, T. Urbanski, Chemistry and Technology of Explosives, P. 546-547, Vol.4.
In our copending Indian Patent application No. 3071/DEL/98, Nabiullah, B. M. P. Pingua, Jagdish and T. N. Singh have described an explosive composition useful for safe blasting of coal and claimed the composition in the range of (g/100) Ammonium nitrate 40.15 to 41.10, Calcium nitrate 13.50 to 14.00, Aluminium (flake grade) 2.50 to 3.00, Sugar 7.30 to 7.40, Urea 1.80 to 2.36, Thio-urea 0.90 to 1.00, Sodium chloride 14.01 to 14.50 and water 18.45 to 19.00. The composition was prepared for highly gassy mine in P-5 conditions.
In another copending Patent Application No. 2642/DEL/96, B. M. P. Pingua, Nabiullah, Jagdish and B. B. Dhar have described and claimed a coal base composition for surface blasting for dry holes. The composition claimed was (g/100) (i) Ammonium nitrate =92.00, Coal powder = 6.4, Guar gum=0.8, sodium nitrite = 0.4 and Potassium dichromate = 0.4 . (ii) Ammonium nitrate = 73.6, Sodium nitrate =15.6, Coal powder = 8.8, Guar gum = 1.5, Sodium nitrite = 0.2 and Potassium dichromate =0.3. C. In still another copending Patent application No. NF-112/99, B. M. P. Pingua, Nabiullah, Jagdish and T. N. Singh have described and claimed an explosive composition for cut face blasting in P-3 condition for underground coal mines. The said composition comprises composition (g/100) in the range of Ammonium nitrate 40.60 to 40.80, Calcium nitrate = 31.30 to 31.40, Aluminium powder = 2.75 to 3.00, sugar = 8.95 to 9.13, Flour = 1.47 to 1.50, Guar gum = 0.99 to 1.00, Water = 4.30 to 4.50, Sodium Chloride = 9.00 to 9.10, Potassium pyro-antimonate = 0.04 to 0.05 and Sodium nitrite = 0.04 to 0.05. The main objective of the present invention is to provide a cold explosive composition for underground mines which obviates the above noted drawbacks.

Yet another object is to provide a synergistic composition having velocity of detonation between 3000 to 3200 m/sec; explosion temperature in between 1100 to 1,200°K; explosion energy in the range of 1550 - 1575 kJ/kg to break the rock with good fragmentation; strength of composition in between 35 to 37 % of BG.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing the novel explosive composition.
Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a synergistic composition suitable as cold explosive for underground mines and other excavation work.
This permitted group of explosive is cap- sensitive, low velocity of detonation (less than 3300 m/sec.) and non- incendive in methane and coal dust explosive mixture. The detonation temperature of this invented synergistic composition is in between 1100-1200° K with short flame duration in the range of 8-10 ms.
The composition of the present invention utilizes ingredients of oxidizing agents such as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, reducing agents such as sugar, urea, thio-urea and aluminium powder, cooling agents such as ammonium chloride and water, cross-linking agents such as potassium dichromate, potassium pyro-antimonate or mixture thereof and sodium nitrite as a gassing agents was used to produce zero oxygen balance to provide a composition suitable as a slurry explosive.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a cold explosive composition
Accordingly, the present invention provides a cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work which comprises : Oxidizing agent(s) selected from
a) Ammonium nitrate 43.03 to 44.20 wt%
b) Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt%
Reducing agent(s),selected from

a) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt%
b) Sugar 6.74 to 6.93 wt%
c) Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt%
d) Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt%
e) Guargum 0.9tol.0wt%
Cooling agent(s)selected from

a) Water 6.50 to 6.60 wt%
b) Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 11.30 wt%
Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%
Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%
and a process for preparing the composition which comprises dissolving oxidizing agents in water at a temperature in the range of 70-75°C and maintaining pH of the solution in the range of 4.5 to

5.0 by adding acetic acid/nitric acid, adding reducing againtsto the solution so obtainedas fuel

and cooling agent to obtain a zero oxygen balanced composition in
slurry form, sensitizing the said slurry by using flake grade aluminium powder followed by
treatment with cross-linking and gassing agents by known methods.
The oxidizing agent used may be such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate or mixture thereof.
The reducing agent used may be such as aluminium powder (flake), sugar, thiourea, urea, guar
gum or mixture thereof.
The cooling agent used may be such as ammonium chloride, water or mixture thereof.
The cross-linking agent used may be such as potassium pyro-antimonate, potassium antimony
tartarate, potassium dichromate or mixture thereof.
The gassing agent used may be such as sodium nitrite, potassium thiocynate or mixture thereof.
The oxidizing and reducing agents used may be of 99% purity.
The cross-linking agents used may be of 99% purity.
The gassing agents used may be of 99% purity.

We claim :
1. A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation
work which comprises : Oxidizing agent(s) selected from
a) Ammonium nitrate 43.03 to 44.20 wt%
b) Calcium nitrate (hydrated) 26.45 to 26.85 wt%
Reducing agent(s) selected from
a) Aluminium powder 2.30 to 2.35 wt%
b) Sugar 6.74 to 6.93 wt%
c) Thiourea 0.10 to 0.09 wt%
d) Urea 2.38 to 2.47 wt%
e) Guargum 0.9tol.0wt%
Cooling agent(s) selected from

a) Water 6.50 to 6.60 wt%
b) Ammonium chloride 9.50 to 1 1 .30 wt%
Cross-linking agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%
Gassing agent(s) 0.04 to 0.05 wt%
and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof which comprises dissolving oxidizing agents in water at a temperature in the range of 70-75°C and maintaining pH of

the solution in the range of 4.5 to 5.0 b adding acetic acid/nitric acid,reducing againt adding to the

solution so obtained fuel obtain a zero oxygen balanced composition in slurry form, sensitizing the said slurry by

using flake grade aluminium powder followed by treatment with cross-linking and gassing agents by known methods.
4. A cold explosive composition for underground mines and other excavation work and a process for the preparation of the composition thereof substantially as herein described with reference to the examples.

Documents:

343-del-2001-abstract.pdf

343-del-2001-claims.pdf

343-del-2001-correspondence-others.pdf

343-del-2001-correspondence-po.pdf

343-del-2001-description (complete).pdf

343-del-2001-form-1.pdf

343-del-2001-form-18.pdf

343-del-2001-form-2.pdf

« Previous Patent

Next Patent »

Patent Number

231589

Indian Patent Application Number

343/DEL/2001

PG Journal Number

13/2009

Publication Date

27-Mar-2009

Grant Date

06-Mar-2009

Date of Filing

23-Mar-2001

Name of Patentee

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

Applicant Address

RAFI MARG, NEW DELHI-110001, INDIA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	BRAJ MOHAN PAT PINGUA	CENTRAL MINING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BARWA ROAD, DHANBAD-826001, BIHAR, INDIA.
2	NABIULLAH	CENTRAL MINING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BARWA ROAD, DHANBAD-826001, BIHAR, INDIA.
3	JAGDISH	CENTRAL MINING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BARWA ROAD, DHANBAD-826001, BIHAR, INDIA.
4	ZULFIQUAR AHMAD	CENTRAL MINING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BARWA ROAD, DHANBAD-826001, BIHAR, INDIA.
5	TRIBHUWAN NATH SINGH	CENTRAL MINING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BARWA ROAD, DHANBAD-826001, BIHAR, INDIA.

PCT International Classification Number

C06B 31/28

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA