Title of Invention

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NOVEL WATER SOLUBLE POLYANILINES

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of novel water-soluble polyanilines in its conducting form. More particularly it relates to a process for the preparation of water soluble polyanilines in its conducting form, known as the emeraldine salt form or optionally polyaniline in the base form which is non-conducting that can be converted into conductive form by the use of conventional dopants. The polyanilines prepared by the process of this invention have general formula 1 in the drawing accompanying this specification wherein R1 /R2 /R3 /R4 = H or CH3 or C2H5 and Rx is alkyl sulphonate or sulphate group with x = 1-12.

Full Text

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of novel water-soluble polyanilincs in its conducting form. More particularly it relates to a process for the preparation of water soluble polyanilines in its conducting form, known as the emeraidine salt form or optionally polyaniline in the base form which is non-conducting that can be converted into conductive form by the use of conventional dopants. The polyanilines prepared by the process of this invention have general formula 1 in the drawing accompanying this specification wherein R1 /R2 /R3 /R4 = H or CH3 or C2H5 and Rx is alkyl sulphonate or sulphate group with x = 1-12. Polyaniline is different from other conjugated polymers in the sense that it can be doped to a conducting form without changing the number of pi- electrons through protonation by exposure to an appropriate protonic acid in an aqueous solution. However, the conductive form of polyaniline is difficult to be processed because it is insoluble in common organic solvents and is unstable at the melt processing temperatures. These factors limit its applications. Therefore the synthesis of soluble polyaniline is of great interest since the formation of a soluble material is essential to facilitate post synthesis processing. The polyaniline family of compounds is considered as the most attractive polymeric material, due to their environmental stability, their well-behaved electrochemistry, electrochromism, moderately high conductivity on doping, low cost of raw materials and ease of synthesis. It can exist in several molecular forms, differing in chemical compositions, structures and electrical conductivity. All these forms can be interconverted into each other by chemical or electrochemical oxidation. The development of synthetic methodology to get soluble polyaniline is of great interest because of the advantages offered by the material in post-synthesis processing. There are three possible methods for improving the processibility of polyanilines: 1. Preparation of polyaniline dispersions; however, the Polyaniline dispersions reported so far precipitate rapidly, thus limiting the storage stability of the material. 2. Prefunctionalisation of the starting monomer with a suitable group prior to polymerisation. The products obtained were found to be intractable in the acid form and can be made soluble only by converting it into the non- conductive base form. 3. Formation of the polymer salt using an acid functionalised by a large non- polar substituent known as counterion induced processibility. The research so far carried out using this method introduced polyanilines soluble in organic solvents The emeraldine salt forms of polyanilines are usually insoluble in aqueous and most of the common organic solvents. There are no reports of soluble polyanilines in the conducting form and the process for the preparation of soluble polyanilines as described and claimed by the process of this invention is reported for the first time. The main object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of novel water soluble polyanilines in its conducting form, known as the emeraldine salt form or optionally polyaniline in the base form which is non-conducting that can be converted into conductive form by the use of conventional dopants, to overcome the main drawback of insolubility of polyaniline, in its conducting form, namely the emeraldine salt, in aqueous systems. Another object is to provide a process for the preparation of water-soluble polyaniline using alkyl and alkyl aryl sulphuric and sulphonic acids as the protonating agent, which have solubilising surfactant properties. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a process wherein the synthesised soluble emeraldine salt is a very clear green aqueous solution which can be diluted to any extent retaining the characteristics of polyaniline. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of water-soluble polyaniline with increased storage stability. Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel water soluble polyanilines in its conducting form, or optionally polyaniline in the base form which is non-conducting that can be converted into conductive form by the use of conventional dopants, which comprises polymerisation of aromatic amines in the presence of an acid, in aqueous medium, in the presence of in oxidising agent at a temperature in the range of 0°C to 60°C, for a period ranging between 2 to 24 hours, collecting the resultant product in the form of an aqueous solution, subjecting the aqueous'solution of the product to dialysis against water for 1 to 2 weeks to obtain the water soluble polyaniline of formula 1 in the drawing accompanying this specification wherein R1 /R2 /R3 /R4 = H or CH3 or C2H5 and Rx is alkyl sulphonate or sulphate group with x = 1-12. or optionally treat with a base to obtain the product in the non-conducting form. In an embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic amines used for polymerisation are may be aniline or substituted aromatic amines such as. o-toludine, m-toludine, 2,5-dimethylaniline, 3,5,-dimethylaniline, etc. In another embodiment, the acid used may be selected from alkyl sulphuric acid having general formula RSO4H wherein, by R= alkyl and C>3, exemplified by butane sulphuric acid, pentane sulphuric acid, hexane sulphuric acid, heptane sulphuric acid, octane sulphuric acid, nonane sulphuric acid, decane sulphuric acid, dodecane sulphuric acid or alkyl sulphonic acid which may be selected from butane sulphonic acid, pentane supohnic acid, hexane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of butane sulphates to butane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 15.5 grams of n- butane sulphuric acid synthesised as above was dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.5 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 17.12 grams of ammonium persulphate was added to this system and dissolved slowly. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 0°C in an ice bath for 4 hours. The product obtained was -a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt soiubilised in water. The yield obtained was 87 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 2 The pentane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 103 grams of n-pentanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-pentane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-pentane sulphates to n-pentane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. literature described above was dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 6.97 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 24 grams of potassium iodate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the potassium iodate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20°C in an ice bath for 3 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 5 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 150 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.15 molar potassium hydroxide solution. Example 4 The heptane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 131 grams of n-heptanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-butane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-heptane sulphates to n-heptane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 29.5 grams of n-heptane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported 34 grams of n- pentane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 9.3 mL of o-toludine was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 40.5 grams of ammonium persulphate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the ammonium persulphate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 15°C in an ice bath for 6 hours. The product obtained as a clear green solution was purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 4 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 150 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.2 molar ammonia solution. Example 3 The hexane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 117 grams of n-hexanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-hexane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-hexane sulphates to n-hexane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 27.4 grams of n- hexane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 6.97 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 24 grams of potassium iodate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the potassium iodate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20°C in an ice bath for 3 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 5 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 150 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.15 molar potassium hydroxide solution. Example 4 The heptane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 131 grams of n-heptanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-butane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-heptane sulphates to n-heptane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 29.5 grams of n-heptane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 75 mL of deionised water. To this 6.97 mL of m-toludine was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 22.2 grams of sodium iodate was added to this mixture and stirred to dissolve the sodium iodate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 10°C in an ice bath for 5 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 125 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.2 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 5 The n-octane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 145 grams of n-octanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-octane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-octane sulphates to n-octane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 21.1 grams of n- octane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 22.5 grams of potassium dichromate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the potassium dichromate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20°C in an ice bath for 7 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was frequently changed over a period of 6 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 140 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.5 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 6 The n-nonane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 159 grams of n-nonanol in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-nonane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-nonane sulphates to n-nonane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 22.5 grams of n-nonane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 18.9 grams of ammonium dichromate was added to this mixture and stirred to dissolve the ammonium dichromate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 35°C for 12 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 5 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 90 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.3 molar potassium hydroxide solution. Example 7 The n-decane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 173 grams of n-decanol or other alcohols in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-decane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-decane sulphates to n-decane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 23.9 grams of decane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 11.5 grams of potassium permanganate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the potassium permanganate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 45°C for 10 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermcablc membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 8 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 85 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.25 molar potassium hydroxide solution. Example 8 The n-dodecane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 201 grams of n-dodecanol or other alcohols in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The n-dodecane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-dodecane sulphates to n-dodecane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite- 120. 26.7 grams of n- dodecane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of o-toludine was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 17.12 grams of ammonium persulphate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the ammonium persulphate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 10°C in an ice bath for 4 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 90 grams. • Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.4 molar ammonia solution. Example 9 The 2-dodecane sulphates are synthesised according to the known procedure reported in literature. 79 grams of chlorosulphonic acid was added slowly to 201 grams of 2-dodecanol or other alcohols in an ice bath under stirring. Hydrogen chloride gas formed during the reaction was adsorbed in water or sodium hydroxide. The 2-dodecane sulphuric acid formed was precipitated as sodium salt The conversion of n-dodecane sulphates to n-dodecane sulphuric acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 12,0. 13.35 grams of 2-dodecane sulphuric acid synthesised as per the reported literature described above was dissolved in 75 mL of deionised water. To 2.32 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 4.2 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to effect good mixing. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 50°C for 12 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with scmipcrmcablc membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 4 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 90 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.15 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 10 The conversion of n-butane sulphonate or to n-butane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite -120. 13.9 grams of n- butane sulphonic acid synmcsiscd, as above was dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.5 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 17.12 grams of ammonium persulphate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the ammonium persulphate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 0°C in an ice bath for 4 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 85 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is non- conducting, by treatment with 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 11 Conversion of n- pentane sulphonates to n-pentane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 30.6 grams of n- pentane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 9.3 mL of m-toludine was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 40.5 grams of potassium persulphate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to dissolve the potassium persulphate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 15°C in an ice bath for 6 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 10 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 150 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with O.l5 molar ammonia solution. Example 12 The conversion of n- hexane sulphonates to n-hexane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 25.05 grams of n- hexane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 120 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.5 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 14 The conversion of n- octane sulphonates to n-octane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite -120. 19.5 grams of n- octane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of 3,5-dimethyl aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 22.5 grams of potassium dichromate was added to this mixture and stirred slowly to effect dissolution of potassium dichromate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20°C in an ice bath for 7 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 3 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 140 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.1 molar potassium hydroxide solution. obtain a clear solution. 11,5 grams of potassium permanganate was added to this mixture and stirred to dissolve the ammonium diehromate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 45°C for 10 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 6 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 90 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.35 molar sodium hydroxide solution. Example 17 The conversion of dodecylbenzene sulphate to dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 12.5 grams of dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid were dissolved in 75 mL of deionised water. To this 2.79 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 4.95 grams of 30% hydrogen peroxide was added to this mixture and stirred to effect good mixing. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 50°C for 12 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 2 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as ExamplelS The conversion of n- nomine sulphonatcs to n-nonanc sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite -120. 20.92 grams of n- nonane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 50 mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 18.9 grams of ammonium dichromate was added to this mixture and stirred to dissolve the ammonium dichromate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 35°C for 12 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 9 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was lOOgrams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.2 molar potassium hydroxide solution. Example 16 The conversion of n- decane sulphonates to n-decane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite - 120. 27.32 grams of n- decane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 50.mL of deionised water. To this 4.65 mL of m-toludine was added and mixed thoroughly to dcioniscd water. To this 6.97 mL of 2,5-dimcthyl aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 24 grams of potassium iodate was added to this mixture and stirred to effect dissolution of potassium iodate. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20°C in an ice bath for 3 hours. The product obtained was aclear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised water was changed frequently over a period of 12 days. The product obtained was polyaniline as emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 150 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.1 molar ammonia solution. Example 13 The conversion of n- heptane sulfonates to n-heptane sulphonic acid was carried out by running through a cation ion exchange column of Amberlite -120. 27.2 grams of n-heptane sulphonic acid were dissolved in 75 mL of deionised water. To this 6.97 mL of aniline was added and mixed thoroughly to obtain a clear solution. 22.2 grams of sodium iodate was then added and stirred to effect the dissolution of sodium iodate and the reaction mixture was maintained at 10°C in an ice bath for 5 hours. The product obtained was a clear green solution, purified by dialysis with semipermeable membrane (Spectra/Por3 membrane, molecular weight cut off 3500) in deionised water. The deionised emeraldine salt solubilised in water. The yield obtained was 100 grams. Optionally the emeraldine salt form can be converted into a base, which is nonconducting, by treatment with 0.3 molar sodium hydroxide solution. The advantages offered by the process of the invention are : The products obtained as per the process of this invention meet the requirement for the use as a soluble form of poly aniline. The polyaniline solution can be diluted to any extent and is stable over a long period of time. The base form of the polyaniline obtained (in the non-conducting form) was found to be soluble in many common organic solvents facilitating post synthesis processing. It could be converted into the conducting form by use of conventional dopants. The polyaniline prepared can be easily processed to films and other forms in aqueous system. The film processed can be used as a permanently doped one. The dedoping and redoping processes can be done effectively.

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