Title of Invention	"METHOD OF MAKING A CETANE IMPROVER AND THE PRODUCT THEREOF"
Abstract	Embodiments of the invention described herein increase the amount of cetane in fuel. Cetane improvers comprising ß-carotene, which was prepared in an inert atmosphere, as well as, methods of preparing such compositions are described. A preferred composition is a No. 2 diesel fuel comprising a cetane improver, which comprises a ß-carotene that was prepared in an inert atmosphere.

Full Text

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to a composition and method for increasing the amount of cetane in fuel. More specifically, it was discovered that the amount of cetane in fuel can be increased by mixing a fuel additive comprising ß-carotene that was prepared in an inert atmosphere. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The interest in improving fuel efficiency has become paramount as our natural resources dwindle and the cost of fuel continues to rise. Fuel efficiency can be improved by adding a fuel additive. Several existing fuel additives are known to increase fuel efficiency, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,274,835, 5,826,369, and 6,193,766 describe fuel additives that improve combustion. Despite the successes of these inventions, there still remains a need for fuel additives that improve combustion. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the invention described herein concern fuel additives that increase the amount of cetane in fuel and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, for example, a method of improving the amount of cetane in a fuel comprises the step of adding a ß-carotene that was dissolved in an inert atmosphere to said fuel. In another embodiment, a cetane improver is made by providing ß-carotene that was dissolved in an inert atmosphere, providing an alkyl nitrate, and mixing the ß-carotene with the alkyl nitrate. In aspects of this later embodiment, the alkyl nitrate is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or the inert atmosphere is nitrogen. Additionally, this later method of making a cetane improver can further comprise the step of mixing the ß-carotene with toluene prior to mixing the ß-carotene with the alkyl nitrate. Compositions of the invention can include, for example, a cetane improver made by one of the methods described above or a cetane improver comprising a non-oxygenated ß-carotene. These cetane improver embodiments can also comprise an alkyl nitrate and/or a toluene. Additionally, in some compositions, the alkyl nitrate is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a No. 2 diesel fuel comprising one of the cetane improvers described above. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein concerns a composition and method for increasing the amount of cetane in fuel. In one embodiment the cetane improver comprises (3-carotene that was prepared under an inert atmosphere. Unexpectedly, it was discovered that ß-carotene, which was dissolved in an inert atmosphere, raised the level of cetane in No. 2 diesel fuel more effectively and maintained the raised cetane level longer than ß-carotene prepared by conventional methods. In preferred embodiments, a cetane improver is prepared by mixing ß-carotene that was dissolved in an inert atmosphere with a toluene carrier, and an alkyl nitrate (e.g., 2-ethylhexyl nitrate). The preferred cetane improver prepared by the methods described herein increased the level of cetane in No. 2 diesel fuel in a synergistic fashion. In a preferred form, the cetane improver can be formulated by the following method. Under an inert atmosphere, (e.g., nitrogen, helium, or argon) four grams of ß-carotene (1.6 million International units of vitamin A activity per gram) are dissolved in 3.785 liters of liquid hydrocarbon carrier toluene with heating and stirring. ß-carotene dissolved or otherwise prepared under an inert atmosphere is referred to as "non-oxygenated ß-carotene". The mixture of non-oxygenated (3-carotene and toluene is referred to as a "B/C-toluene solution". Approximately, 946 milliliters of the B/C-toluene solution is removed. Next, approximately 946 milliliters of a 100% solution of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (also referred to as "2-EHN") is added to the 2.839 liters of B/C-toluene solution so as to obtain a total volume of 3.785 liters. That is, approximately 25% of the starting volume of B/C-toluene is removed and replaced by an equal volume of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. It should be understood that pure 2-EHN is desired but that variations in alky! nitrates and in grade are also suitable. Further, one of skill will appreciate that other alkyl nitrates are equivalent to 2-EHN and can be substituted accordingly. Desirably, many different formulations of cetane improver are made, each having a different alkyl nitrate or more than one alkyl nitrate and/or proportions thereof relative to the (3-carotene, which was dissolved under an inert atmosphere, and these formulations are evaluated for the ability to raise cetane levels in No. 2 diesel fuel according to the methods described below. In the embodiment described above, it is desirable to add the ingredients in the order described above. However, in other embodiments, variations in the order of addition can be made. The B/C-toluene-2-EHN solution is one embodiment of a "concentrated cetane improver," also referred to as "OR-CT." To improve the cetane level in No. 2 diesel fuel, approximately 0.1ml - 35ml of the concentrated cetane improver is added per one gallon of No. 2 diesel fuel. Preferably, the amount of concentrated cetane improver added to a gallon of No. 2 diesel fuel is, in the range from about 0.3 ml to about 30ml, more desirably, from about 0.5ml to about 25ml, still more preferably, from about 0.75ml to about 20ml, even more preferably, from about 1ml to about 15ml, and most preferably, from about 2ml to about 12ml. The Examples described below provide the results of tests performed according to the well accepted ASTM D-613 procedure on baseline fuels of various quality as measured by initial cetane levels. This data verifies that the cetane improver described herein synergistically improves the level of cetane in No. 2 diesel fuel. EXAMPLE 1 (Table Removed) We Claim: 1 . A method of improving the amount of cetane in a fuel comprising: dissolving ß-carotene in a diluent under an inert atmosphere; adding an alkyl nitrate; mixing the ß-carotene with the alkyl nitrate to obtain a cetane improver; and adding said cetane improver to said fuel. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkyl nitrate is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert atmosphere is nitrogen. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said diluent is toluene. 5. A cetane improver made by the method according to claim 1 . 6. A cetane improver comprising a non-oxygenated ß-carotene. 7. The cetane improver as claimed in claim 6, wherein said improver comprising an alkyl nitrate. 8. The cetane improver as claimed in claim 7, wherein the alkyl nitrate is 2- ethylhexyl nitrate. 9. The cetane improver as claimed in claim 6, wherein said improver comprising a toluene. 10. A diesel fuel comprising the cetane improver of Claim 6.

Documents:

in-pct-2002-1125-del-abstract.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-claims.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-complete specificaation (granted).pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-correspondence-others.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-correspondence-po.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-description (complete).pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-1.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-13.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-18.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-2.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-26.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-3.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-form-5.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-pct-101.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-pct-210.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-pct-306.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-pct-408.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-pct-409.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-petition-137.pdf

in-pct-2002-1125-del-petition-138.pdf