Title of Invention	SYSTEM FOR THE REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DATA
Abstract	A system for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of electricity meters comprises a central server AMM in bi-directional communication with a plurality of concentrators. To each concentrator, a set of electricity meters is connected, such that bi-directional communication between each meter and its associated concentrator is possible. The intelligence of the system is distributed between the central server, the concentrators and the electricity meters. To this end, each meter comprises at least a first processor, a first data memory and a first program memory for bi-directional communication with the associated concentrator. The first data memory serves to at least temporarily store and/or transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing by the first processor. Each of the concentrators comprises a second processor, a second program memory and a second data memory as well as means for a bi-directional communication with a central server. The second data memory serves to temporarily store and/or transmit the data processed by the second processor.

Title of Invention

SYSTEM FOR THE REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DATA

Abstract

A system for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of electricity meters comprises a central server AMM in bi-directional communication with a plurality of concentrators. To each concentrator, a set of electricity meters is connected, such that bi-directional communication between each meter and its associated concentrator is possible. The intelligence of the system is distributed between the central server, the concentrators and the electricity meters. To this end, each meter comprises at least a first processor, a first data memory and a first program memory for bi-directional communication with the associated concentrator. The first data memory serves to at least temporarily store and/or transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing by the first processor. Each of the concentrators comprises a second processor, a second program memory and a second data memory as well as means for a bi-directional communication with a central server. The second data memory serves to temporarily store and/or transmit the data processed by the second processor.

Full Text	"SYSTEM FOR THE REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DATA" The invention applies in particular to the field of electric energy distribution to a plurality of users spread over the territory; but, more generally, it can also be applied to other services, as for example the distribution of water and gas, or for district heating. The invention satisfies the requirement - which has arisen since a few years on a worldwide basis, especially in the technically more developed countries - to carry out the remote reading of the electric energy consumptions and, if desired, to apply different rates when invoicing the users, also of domestic type. A problem of this type has already been described, for example, in the Italian Patent No. 1.232.195, filed on 26 October 1988 by the same Applicant, or in the document US-A-4,803,632. This requirement has arisen, and has increasingly developed, not only due to economical reasons, but also due to the need to establish further transparency and efficiency in the contractual relationships with the customers, in a market which is progressively getting more and more liberalized. In this background, supported by the technological evolutions in the field of componentry technology, a certain number of technical solutions, systems or methodologies have been proposed, which intend to solve the problems connected with this situation. The approach which associates these different studies can be summed up in a network which makes use of varied forms of communication to put into contact the peripheral points of the system (electricity meters in the targets of the users) with a supervision unit designed to conduct the procedures deemed helpful, time after time, to reach the intended objects. Said contact is obtained through a direct communication between the supervision unit (generally a server with a high processing power) and the peripheral electricity meters, as described for example in W0- 98/10299, or by interposing in this pyramid at least an intermediate hierarchic level, as proposed in WO-98/10394. Examples of these proposals can also be found in other patents, for example EP-A2-0.723.358 or WO-99/46564. Nevertheless, the greatest majority of these projects has very often remained at the stage of purely unrealistic attempts or laboratory achievements, while the few proposals which have evolved up to reaching the level of an industrial type achievement have reached no appreciable results in terms of diffusion and use. The reasons for which such proposals have found no application on a vast scale lie in the fact that the industrial products obtained are not apt to guarantee the required performances when applied to situations involving a very high number of targets of users, as it generally happens in the case of electric energy consumptions. The main object of the present invention is therefore to propose a system allowing, on one hand, the remote acquisition of data from the targets of users and, on the other hand, also the remote control of such targets, so as to be able to satisfy the present requirements of all those companies which - like the companies distributing electric energy, water, gas and the like - operate in the presence of a high number of targets of users spread over the territory. To give an indication as to what is meant by "a high number of targets of users" it can be recalled that the company ENEL (National Company for Electric Energy) deals at present with about thirty million targets of users. A further object of the present invention is to propose a system apt to guarantee both a regular and continuous working, and a capacity of survival also in the case of blackouts of any type. According to the present invention, said objects are reached with a system making use - in a manner known per se - of a single operating unit connected to the targets of users through a plurality of intermediate stations, said system having the characteristics pointed out in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will anyhow result more evident from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by mere way of non-limiting example and partially illustrated on the accompanying drawing, the only figure of which shows a diagram of the structure of the system according to the invention. Said diagram substantially represents the set-up of the Italian territory at the filing date of the present patent application: it is meant to supervise and control about twenty-seven million electricity meters distributed over the whole territory. It is anyhow understood that this diagram merely represents an example and that it should in no way be considered as limiting the present invention. Thus, according to a first aspect of the present invention, such a vast set-up as that illustrated on the drawing, is obtained, - on the one hand, by distributing the electricity meters CE according to area units Al ... An and connecting the meters of each unit to a respective common concentrator C-BT1 ... C-BTn. Each of said units Al ... An comprises a limited number of electricity meters CE; by the term "limited" is meant a relatively small number of meters CE, preferably between 50 and 300, determined by the vastness of the territory or area served thereby, or by other factors, also commercial, connected with the territory taken into consideration; on the other hand, by distributing a plurality of said concentrators C-BT1 ...C-BTn over the whole territory being served, and by then connecting such concentrators to a single central server AMM. By the term "plurality" is here meant a number higher - by at least one, but also by two orders of magnitude - than the number of electricity meters CE of a unit, for example a number higher than 100,000 concentrators, in the case being illustrated 330.000 concentrators. According to a fundamental characteristic of the present invention, once a network of this type has been created, one provides not to concentrate the processing capacity, namely the intelligence of the system, merely in the central server AMM - as substantially done in prior art - but to distribute it between the three aforementioned components, namely the central server AMM, the concentrators C-BT1 ... C-BTn, and the electricity meters CE. The principle adopted for this distribution is what allows to find the way for the communication lines to no longer have to transmit a considerable amount of data to be processed, but only a reduced amount of data, which has already been at least partially processed. Substantially, to allow a system involving such high numbers and functional performances as those illustrated to work efficiently, with no delays and without any jams, the present invention proposes to adopt the principle of distributing the processing power - as far as it is reasonable from the economical point of view - as much as possible onto the peripheral units CE and on the concentrators C-BT1 ... C-BTn, to such an extent as to make such units as autonomous as possible (even acting in "stand-alone" conditions in case of interruption on the communication lines, or giving up part of the functional performances, if necessary). By acting in this way, it has been achieved to weigh as less as possible on the communication systems, by actually transferring merely the "processed data", rather than the entire amount of elementary data, and thereby obtaining some important results, such as: - a simplification of the processings required for the central server; - a reduced communication load; - the availability of considerable amounts of useful band for the purpose of supporting any eventual additional services. The principle that has lead to the achievement of the present invention may find its origin in the fact of having reproduced a virtual (but totally faithful) image of the electricity meter CE inside the concentrator C-BT. Virtually, it is as if in the concentrator there existed an "alias" of the electricity meter, which is continuously updated by the concentrator in a predetermined manner, by withdrawing data from the actual electricity meter (such data being processed autonomously or following controls being received). This image electricity meter is thus, in actual fact, constantly available on the concentrator for the transactions and the exchange of data, or for receiving controls and/or programs from the server. This set-up allows furthermore to use in "stand- alone" conditions both the single electricity meter CE and the area units Al ... An formed by the single concentrator C-BT and by the electricity meters CE of the area unit controlled thereby; thus, without the supervision of the server in real time but, for example, through a periodic reading of the data from the concentrator by means of a portable terminal. To obtain this result, a further structural feature of the system thus formed lies in the fact that each of the meters CE incorporates, as well as means to measure the power consumptions, substantially known per se, also - means to transduce the measured values into measuring data meant to be processed, - at least a first processor to process said measuring data, - at least a first data memory and a first programme memory, and - first means for the bi-directional transmission towards the associated concentrator, - the output of said first processor being connected to said first data memory and/or to said first bi- directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit the data, which has already undergone a first processing. Likewise, each concentrator incorporates - at least a second programme memory, - at least a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, - at least a second data memory to store the data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, - and second means for the bi-directional transmission towards the central server, the output of said second processor being connected to said second data memory and/or to said second bi- directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit said further processed data. The connection, for the transmission of data, between the meters CE and the concentrators C-BT is preferably obtained through wave transmission systems, using the same power supply conductors that connect the meters CE to the low voltage power supply substations, e.g. the secondary substations, where the concentrators C-BT are positioned. Whereas, the connection between the concentrators C-BTl ... C-BTn and the central server AMM is obtained, by preference, through a telephone network, whether it is a specific or a general-purpose network. A very suitable telephone network for this purpose would be the GSM or any other public mobile telephone network or any other existing wireless public telephone network, e.g., a satellite based wireless telephone network. If such a network is employed, it is advantageous to establish dial up connections between the concentrator C-BT and the central server AMM on demand or according to a schedule which can be predefined or dependent on an operating condition of the concentrator C-BT or the central server AMM. If a predefined schedule is adopted, the AMM or the C-BT will try to establish a connection between the AMM and the C-BT at predetermined times during a day, week or month, at which times it can be assumed that a certain amount of data or commands which require to be transmitted, has been collected and buffered in the concentrator and/or in the AMM, respectively. If the schedule is dependent on an operating condition of the AMM and/or the C-BT, a dial up connection will be established as soon as a certain amount of data and/or commands which require transmission, have been collected or if certain alarm conditions have been detected which require to be reported without delay. In any case, after the data and/or commands have been transmitted, the connection is terminated. With a structure of the system thus conceived, the respective measuring - which also forms an important characteristic of the present invention - ends up by being strictly tied to the functions which each of the three components of the system should perform. In particular, each electricity me.ter of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that said first processor incorporated therein is apt to perform at least the functions of: (1) acquisition of the electric energy consumptions, (5) distribution of the power consumptions into different scales of charges, (12) estimate of the tampering attempts and control of an antifraud device, (25) transfer and maintenance of the stored data at least during the voltage drop. Likewise, each concentrator of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that said second processor incorporated therein is apt to perform, as well as the double function of master of the PLC (power line carrier) network, for what concerns the communications on the power supply line between the actual concentrator and the electricity meters and, respectively, of node of the TLC network, for what concerns the communications on the telephone line between the concentrator and the central server, at least the following additional functions: (11) execution of an energy balance for what concerns the single cabin of electric energy supply into which the concentrator is positioned, (14) constant monitoring of the working conditions of each electricity meter connected thereto and issue of an alarm signal in case the self- diagnostics of the meter should indicate a malfunction. Finally, the server or central unit of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that its processor is apt to guarantee at least the following functions: (8) automatic control of the operations of disconnection, reconnection, suspension, delayed payments and contract variations, (10) selective cut-off of the power supply due to requirements of the electric system, and (2 6) downloading of the operating programs. A more complete list - to be however considered as a non-limiting example - of the functions which the system according to the present invention is apt to perform, can be summed up in the following points, wherein an initial brief definition is followed by a more detailed explanation of the function connected therewith: 1. Measurement and acquisition of the electric energy consumptions. The known type electromechanical electricity meters, adopted in the present power consumption system, are apt to measure only one type of electric energy consumption, active or reactive; if both measurements are required, it is hence necessary to install two distinct electricity meters. The electronic electricity meter according to the present invention is instead apt to simultaneously measure both the active energy consumptions and the reactive energy consumptions. 2. Accuracy rating. According to standards, the electricity meter measures in class 1 for the active energy and in class 2 for the reactive energy. 3. Acquisition and registration of the consumptions profile. For each user it is possible to detect the charging curve, with a programmable integration period, particularly in the range from 1 minute to 1 hour. Thanks to the processing capacity of the electricity meter it is possible to reckon the elapse of consecutive time intervals and, for each of them, to memorize the power consumption inside the same. 4 . Measurement and recording of the average and peak power. The electromechanical electricity meters normally used in the power consumption system are apt to measure only one type of power, active or reactive; if both measurements are required, it is hence necessary to install two electricity meters, as already mentioned for the electric energy consumptions. The electronic electricity meter according to the present invention is instead apt to simultaneously measure both the active power and the reactive power. 5. Distribution of the electric energy consumptions into different scales of charges. Thanks to its processing capacity, the electricity meter is apt to establish a table of different time scales in the space of a day, thereby making it possible to set out for each of them a respective cost value for the electric energy used up. The electricity meter is thus apt to integrate the consumptions with reference to the table of costs and to memorize, in the invoicing period, the total consumption of each time scale. In addition to this, said table of costs can be programmed not only on the basis of time profiles but also on the basis of power thresholds. 6. Control of several invoicing periods. It is possible to control at least two invoicing periods (present and previous), also at variable intervals. 7. Control of two electric energy supply contracts. In the power range up to 35 kw, it is possible to control two electric energy supply contracts, namely an existing contract and the one to be applied in future. The electricity meter can be programmed to automatically switch over the contract - from the present one to the future one - upon reaching of a given date. 8. Control of the operations of disconnection and reconnection. These operations can be carried out automatically in relation to situations of discontinuance, suspension for delayed payments, contract variations. Thanks to its processing capacity, the electricity meter carries out these operations on the basis of remote controls (from the central server or from the respective concentrator) through the PLC network. It is hence not necessary for an operator to physically go on the site where the electricity meter is installed. 9. Possibility to operate in conditions of prepayment. The electricity meter can be programmed so as to compare the amount of electric energy used up with a preset limit (eventually apt to be modified by an external control) corresponding to a payment carried out in advance; as soon as said limit has been exceeded, the electric energy supply is automatically disconnected and suspended. 10. Selective cut-off for requirements of the electric system. The cut-off or suspension of the power supply can be necessary, generally on a local level, in case of blackout risks or of temporary overloads. This function is not implemented in a broadcast mode, but it is instead specifically addressed to each single electricity meter. From the centre (central server or concentrator) it is possible to send to the electricity meters, via PLC, a control for example to modify the highest power available in the actual meter, with a temporary effect, that is with no need to alter the power supply contract; this allows to obtain a lightening of the overall power required from the cabin. 11. Execution of an energy balance. At the level of a single cabin, or of a single concentrator, it is possible to do the sum of the measurements of the power consumption drawn from the single electricity meters depending from said cabin. This sum - periodically compared to the value of the total electric current withdrawn, or with the mean electric current value - supplies a useful indication to detect any non-standard electric current withdrawals and, therefore, also any unauthorized withdrawals. 12. Antifraud/tampering function. At the level of each electricity meter, a device is provided to perform this specific function, which is thus apt to eliminate the requirement to use seals and to periodically check the integrity of such seals. The change of power, available by contract, does not require - as said - to open the electricity meter in order to adjust the measuring equipment (shunt); it has thus been possible to realize the electricity meter as a sealed single block structure containing all the functions of measurement, control of the contracts, control of the opening/closing circuit of the power line. For the purpose of checking any possible attempts to open the sealed structure in the electricity meter, an electromechanical device has thus been incorporated which produces an alarm signal on the network of the system and said alarm signal can be removed only by adopting a procedure available to the operators. 13. Measuring and recording quality parameters of the service. The microprocessor incorporated in each electricity meter is apt to verify and memorize interruptions of electric energy supply and voltage variations (deviation of the voltage from the nominal value foreseen in the electric energy supply contract). On the basis of this data, it is possible to determine the quality parameters of the service at the level of each delivery point of the electric energy being supplied. 14. Constant monitoring of the working conditions. The microprocessor incorporated in each electricity meter is apt to periodically verify (self- diagnostics) the conditions of the various hardware components of said meter and the congruency of the data stored in the memory. In case there should be any malfunctions, it is possible both to signal the same with appropriate service words (which are then read by the central system), and to start immediate recovery procedures. 15. Possibility of bi-directional transmission of information. The system according to the invention allows not only to carry out operations directly connected to the supply of the service for which the system has been conceived, but also to send to the electricity meter and receive from the same other types of information ("information provider" service). The electricity meter can display such information on its own visual display unit, or else transfer it onto other devices connected to the electric line of the user, downstream of the electricity meter, or even draw it therefrom; such devices are directly interfaced with the electricity meter via PLC, or else through a bridge-device acting as an intermediate bridge and communicating directly with the electricity meter via PLC. This gives the possibility to other subjects to use the system according to the invention as a remote control system allowing to connect oneself to ones own devices at the user's site. 16. Management of a calendar clock. Having allocated to the meter the calculation of consumptions as a function of the scale of charges, said meter requires a precise time reference (± 30 sec/month); this is obtained by means of local electronic circuitry (RealTimeClock), the state of which may be remotely verified and synchronised (through external controls, via PLC or optical gate ZVEI ) and corrected, if need be, in case of excessive variations. 17. Set of displayable data. On the local display of the meter (for example of the 16x1 alphanumeric + icons type), a whole series of data may be programmed. The presence of electronic components allows to provide additional functions such as locally displaying to the user consumptions and costs data, generic messages or messages providing information about the service, or indicating the functional state of said meter to the service staff (diagnostics). 18. Opening the power circuit. A modular element equipped with a suitable releasing element apt to be opened by remote control is integrated into the meter. A single box hosts both the electronic components apt to perform the meter functions described so far, and the electromechanical components apt to open/close the electrical power line. This way, the electromechanical components, besides operating autonomously at the highest power, may also be directed on request of the central unit or in the presence of local conditions detected by the electronic part (e.g. when the contract expires). 19. Quick installation of the meter. Having to replace a high number of devices at users' locations in a short time, the invention provides a meter group in two parts, namely a wedge as a base and a controlling and managing body, the two parts being connectable through connecting pliers and a bayonet joint. 20. Local interconnectability with external devices. The PLC communication system requires the availability of complex hardware and software means. In order to guarantee both the accessibility of the data contained in the concentrators and meters even by simple devices (e.g. handheld PCs) available to a user, and the availability of a second communication line substituting the network in case the latter is interrupted; an optical ZVEI gate is also associated to the meter. Said gate only requires the external device to have a simple RS-232 serial gate (available in almost every PC). 21. Safety/protection of the PLC communication. The data transferred from the concentrator to the meters or from the latter to the central server have different privacy degrees. For those not considered highly reserved, the protection mechanisms implemented by the functions managing the PLC communication protocol, apt to guarantee the delivery of the messages, is sufficient. For critical data, an additional mechanism has been added - e.g. based on an authentication key - at the level of message interpreting and managing procedure, apt to guarantee the non-modifiability and/or readability of said messages by third parties outside the service. 22. Automatic recognition of the installation of the meter. This function must be present for two reasons: one is technical, related to the PLC communication mechanisms, the other is fiscal, in order to detect potential fraud by users. 23. Distant meters reachability. The PLC communication method uses a physical support (electric line) that does not guarantee homogeneous conduction of the signal in every point of the network, for which reason meters may not be reachable by the concentrator. Therefore, the concentrator may require one or more meters (which are able "see" the non-reachable meter) to act as bridges, forwarding the message, to the non- reachable meter. It is indeed a repetition mechanism, which allows to solve the problem of reachability via network. 24. Automatic recognition of the repetition path. When informed of the presence of a new meter, the concentrator checks its reachability. If it is not reachable, it tries to detect one or more different meters that can "see" the non-directly reachable meter. These meters are detected, the detecting parameters stored, and then subsequently used as an intermediate bridge. 25. Data maintenance in voltage drop conditions. The substitution of the mechanical devices recording the consumption (numbered knob) v/ith electronic components (volatile memories) would imply the loss of the consumption data if the power from the providing company were interrupted. In order to avoid this, a non-volatile memory, preferably a ferro electric RAM (FRAM), has been used in the system, apt to guarantee the maintenance of the data throughout the useful life of the electricity meter (15 years). 26. Downloading the managing programmes. In order to guarantee the developing and/or corrective maintenance of the functions performed by the programs installed in the system devices, it is possible to modify said programs without interrupting the fundamental activities of said devices and without having to go where they are; the activity is performed using the PLC communication mechanisms used by the control centre to manage the devices. 27. Detection of the line switch opening. When one of the output lines from the power supply cabin - where the concentrator is - is out of order due to the opening of the line protection switch, the concentrator, on the basis of the failure to communicate with all the meters supplied by that line, indicates to the central server an out-of- service line alarm condition. It is however understood that this list should not be intended as limiting the scope of the invention. This description intends to highlight by way of examples how the main functions are distributed between the three components (meters, concentrators and central unit) of the system according to the invention, considered the functional abilities of these three components, as better specified hereinafter and in the claims. In other words, in order to achieve the basic idea of the present invention, synthetically indicated as "intelligence allocation", it is preferable that: a) the meters be at least allocated at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 1), 5), 12) and 25); but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers 2), 3), 4), 6), 7) 12), 13), 16), 17) 18, 19), 20) and 25) are performed in the meters; b) the meters be able to manage, together with the concentrators and the server, also at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 9), 14), 15), 21), 22), 23) and 26); c) the concentrators be at least allocated at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 11) and 14), as well as those of PLC network master and TLC network node, but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers 20) and 24) are performed in concentrators; d) the central server be at least allocated one or more of the functions indicated at numbers 8), 10), 17) and 26), but the function indicated at numbers 9) and 21) is also preferably performed in the central server, as well as the function, of course, of TLC network master, and other potential invoicing and managing functions (not concerning this patent application). In other words, the intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, concentrators and meters so that each of these three elements of the system has its own processing ability, although limited as regards the meters, but sufficient in order to relevantly reduce the requirements of data transmission through bi- directional transmission; these requirements being limited, on the one hand, by the reduction of the quantity of transmitted data or, on the other hand, by the delay of their transmission to times when the transmission lines are less busy. It is however understood that the invention should not be intended as limited to the particular arrangement illustrated above, which only represents an exemplary embodiment thereof, but that also different alternatives are possible, all within the grasp of an expert in the art, without thereby departing from the protective scope thereof, as defined by the following claims. WE CLAIM : 1. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, of the type comprising electricity meters, equipped with means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated to each user, intermediate stations or concentrators, to each of which a set of meters is connected by first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being in turn all connected to a central control and supervision unit through second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrator being adapted to perform a function of automatic identification of a repetition path by detecting one or more electricity meters as an intermediate bridge to an electricity meter that cannot be reached directly by the concentrator characterised in that the intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; a set of a limited number of electricity meters is connected downstream of each concentrator, each meter incorporating, in addition to said means to measure the electric energy consumptions: means to transduce the measured values into measuring data meant to be processed; at least a first processor to process said measuring data; at least a first data memory and a first programme memory, as well as first means for the bi-directional transmission towards the associated concentrator; the output of said first processor being connected to said first data memory and/or to said first bi-directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing; a plurality of concentrators is connected downstream of the central unit, each concentrator incorporating: at least a second programme memory, at least a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, at least a second data memory to store the data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, as well as second means for the bi-directional transmission towards the central server, the output of said second processor being connected to said second data memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit said further processed data. 2. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said concentrator is adapted to perform a function of automatic identification of a repetition path, said concentrator being adapted to reproduce a virtual image of a said electricity meter downstream of the concentrator and to update the virtual image by withdrawing data autonomously processed from the said electricity meter. 3. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said concentrator is adapted to perform a function of automatic identification of a repetition path in the event of receiving information about the presence of a new meter, checking whether the meter can be reached by the concentrator, storing the detecting parameters and using the detected meters as an intermediate bridge to the electricity meter that cannot be reached directly by the concentrator. 4. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first processor incorporated in each electricity meter performs at least the following functions: (1) acquisition of the electric energy consumptions, (5) distribution of the electric energy consumptions into different scales of charges, (12) estimate of the tampering attempts and control of an antifraud device, and (25) transfer and maintenance of the stored data at least during the voltage drop. 5. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein the function (5) of distributing the electric energy consumptions into different scales of charges is programmed on the basis of time profiles and/or power thresholds. 6. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (3) of acquiring and recording the profile of the electric energy consumptions of the user (charging curve). 7. System as claimed in claim 6, wherein the function (3) of acquiring and recording the profile of the electric energy consumptions is performed with a programmable integration period (from 1 min. to 1 hour). 8. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (4) of measuring and recording the average and peak power (active and reactive). 9. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (6) of managing two separate invoicing periods at variable intervals (present and previous). 10. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (7) of managing two distinct electric energy supply contracts in the power range up to 35 kw (present and future). 11. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (13) of measuring and recording the quality parameters of the service, such as interruptions and deviations of the voltage from the nominal value indicated in the electric energy supply contract. 12. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (16) of managing, with the required precision (± 30 sec./month), a calendar clock apt to be remotely synchronised. 13. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor performs also the function (18) of opening the power circuit integrated in the electricity meter. 14. System as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first processor adopts, for the function (18) of opening the power circuit, a modular element (DIN standard) equipped with a suitable releasing element apt to be opened by remote control. 15. System as claimed in claims 1 and 4, wherein said first data memory is preset so as to perform the function (25) of maintaining the stored data, also during voltage drop, throughout the useful life of the electricity meter (15 years) . 16. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first processor also performs the function (17) of displaying data on the electric energy consumption and/or the operation of the electricity meter. 17. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second processor of each concentrator performs the double function of master of the PLC (power line carrier) network, for what concerns the communications on the power supply line between the actual concentrator and the electricity meters and, respectively, of a node of the TLC network, for what concerns the communications on the telephone line between the concentrator and the central server. 18. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1 or 17, wherein said second processor of each concentrator performs at least the following additional functions: (11) execution of an energy balance for what concerns the single power supply substation into which the concentrator is installed; (14) constant monitoring of the working conditions of each electricity meter connected thereto and issue of an alarm signal in case the self-diagnostics of the meter should indicate a malfunction. 19. System as claimed in claim 17, wherein said second processor of each concentrator performs, in association with said energy balance, a function (11) of detecting any unauthorized withdrawals. 20. System as claimed in claim 17, wherein said second processor of each concentrator also performs a function (24) of automatic identification of the repeating path. 21. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unit of the central server performs at least the following functions: (8) automatic management of the operations of disconnection, reconnection, discontinuances, suspensions for delayed payments and contract variations; (10) selective cut-off of the power supply due to requirements of the electric system (black-out risk or temporary overloads) ; and (26) downloading of the operating programs. 22. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the unit of the central server also performs an operative function (9) in conditions of prepayment. 23. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the central server unit also performs a function (21) of safety and/or protection of the PLC communication with authentication key. 24. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the central server unit also performs a function (17) of displaying the operating data of the server and/or of the network. 25. System as claimed in claims 1, 4, 17 or 21, wherein the unit of the central server also performs - by means of the concentrators and in cooperation with the electricity meters, on the communication network between these three units - a function of bi- directional transmission of information meant for the automation of services implemented by subjects other than the owner of the networks. 26. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, of the type comprising electricity meters, equipped with means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated to each user, intermediate stations or concentrators, to each of which a set of meters is connected by first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being in turn all connected to a central control and supervision unit through second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrator being adapted to reproduce a virtual image of a said electricity meter downstream of the concentrator, to update said virtual image by withdrawing data autonomously processed from the said electricity meter, which image is constantly available on the concentrator for the transaction and the exchange of data, or for receiving controls and/or programs from the central server characterised in that the intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; a set of a limited number of electricity meters is connected downstream of each concentrator, each meter incorporating, in addition to said means to measure the electric energy consumptions: means to transduce the measured values into measuring data meant to be processed; at least a first processor to process said measuring data; at least a first data memory and a first programme memory, as well as first means for the bi-directional transmission towards the associated concentrator; the output of said first processor being connected to said first data memory and/or to said first bi-directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing; a plurality of concentrators is connected downstream of the central unit, each concentrator incorporating: at least a second programme memory, at least a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, at least a second data memory to store the data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, as well as second means for the bi-directional transmission towards the central server, the output of said second processor being connected to said second data memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit said further processed data. A system for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of electricity meters comprises a central server AMM in bi-directional communication with a plurality of concentrators. To each concentrator, a set of electricity meters is connected, such that bi-directional communication between each meter and its associated concentrator is possible. The intelligence of the system is distributed between the central server, the concentrators and the electricity meters. To this end, each meter comprises at least a first processor, a first data memory and a first program memory for bi-directional communication with the associated concentrator. The first data memory serves to at least temporarily store and/or transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing by the first processor. Each of the concentrators comprises a second processor, a second program memory and a second data memory as well as means for a bi-directional communication with a central server. The second data memory serves to temporarily store and/or transmit the data processed by the second processor.

Full Text

"SYSTEM FOR THE REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DATA"
The invention applies in particular to the field of
electric energy distribution to a plurality of users
spread over the territory; but, more generally, it can
also be applied to other services, as for example the
distribution of water and gas, or for district heating.
The invention satisfies the requirement - which has
arisen since a few years on a worldwide basis, especially
in the technically more developed countries - to carry out
the remote reading of the electric energy consumptions
and, if desired, to apply different rates when invoicing
the users, also of domestic type. A problem of this type
has already been described, for example, in the Italian
Patent No. 1.232.195, filed on 26 October 1988 by the same
Applicant, or in the document US-A-4,803,632.
This requirement has arisen, and has increasingly
developed, not only due to economical reasons, but also
due to the need to establish further transparency and
efficiency in the contractual relationships with the
customers, in a market which is progressively getting more
and more liberalized.
In this background, supported by the technological
evolutions in the field of componentry technology, a
certain number of technical solutions, systems or
methodologies have been proposed, which intend to solve
the problems connected with this situation.
The approach which associates these different studies
can be summed up in a network which makes use of varied
forms of communication to put into contact the peripheral
points of the system (electricity meters in the targets of
the users) with a supervision unit designed to conduct the
procedures deemed helpful, time after time, to reach the
intended objects.
Said contact is obtained through a direct
communication between the supervision unit (generally a
server with a high processing power) and the peripheral
electricity meters, as described for example in W0-
98/10299, or by interposing in this pyramid at least an
intermediate hierarchic level, as proposed in WO-98/10394.
Examples of these proposals can also be found in other
patents, for example EP-A2-0.723.358 or WO-99/46564.
Nevertheless, the greatest majority of these projects
has very often remained at the stage of purely unrealistic
attempts or laboratory achievements, while the few
proposals which have evolved up to reaching the level of
an industrial type achievement have reached no appreciable
results in terms of diffusion and use. The reasons for
which such proposals have found no application on a vast
scale lie in the fact that the industrial products
obtained are not apt to guarantee the required
performances when applied to situations involving a very
high number of targets of users, as it generally happens
in the case of electric energy consumptions.
The main object of the present invention is therefore
to propose a system allowing, on one hand, the remote
acquisition of data from the targets of users and, on the
other hand, also the remote control of such targets, so as
to be able to satisfy the present requirements of all
those companies which - like the companies distributing
electric energy, water, gas and the like - operate in the
presence of a high number of targets of users spread over
the territory. To give an indication as to what is meant
by "a high number of targets of users" it can be recalled
that the company ENEL (National Company for Electric
Energy) deals at present with about thirty million targets
of users.
A further object of the present invention is to
propose a system apt to guarantee both a regular and
continuous working, and a capacity of survival also in the
case of blackouts of any type.
According to the present invention, said objects are
reached with a system making use - in a manner known per
se - of a single operating unit connected to the targets
of users through a plurality of intermediate stations,
said system having the characteristics pointed out in the
characterizing part of claim 1.
Further characteristics and advantages of the present
invention will anyhow result more evident from the
following detailed description of a preferred embodiment
thereof, given by mere way of non-limiting example and
partially illustrated on the accompanying drawing, the
only figure of which shows a diagram of the structure of
the system according to the invention. Said diagram
substantially represents the set-up of the Italian
territory at the filing date of the present patent
application: it is meant to supervise and control about
twenty-seven million electricity meters distributed over
the whole territory. It is anyhow understood that this
diagram merely represents an example and that it should in
no way be considered as limiting the present invention.
Thus, according to a first aspect of the present
invention, such a vast set-up as that illustrated on the
drawing, is obtained,
- on the one hand, by distributing the electricity
meters CE according to area units Al ... An and connecting
the meters of each unit to a respective common
concentrator C-BT1 ... C-BTn. Each of said units Al ... An
comprises a limited number of electricity meters CE; by
the term "limited" is meant a relatively small number of
meters CE, preferably between 50 and 300, determined by
the vastness of the territory or area served thereby, or
by other factors, also commercial, connected with the
territory taken into consideration;
on the other hand, by distributing a plurality of
said concentrators C-BT1 ...C-BTn over the whole territory
being served, and by then connecting such concentrators to
a single central server AMM. By the term "plurality" is
here meant a number higher - by at least one, but also by
two orders of magnitude - than the number of electricity
meters CE of a unit, for example a number higher than
100,000 concentrators, in the case being illustrated
330.000 concentrators.
According to a fundamental characteristic of the
present invention, once a network of this type has been
created, one provides not to concentrate the processing
capacity, namely the intelligence of the system, merely in
the central server AMM - as substantially done in prior
art - but to distribute it between the three
aforementioned components, namely the central server AMM,
the concentrators C-BT1 ... C-BTn, and the electricity
meters CE. The principle adopted for this distribution is
what allows to find the way for the communication lines to
no longer have to transmit a considerable amount of data
to be processed, but only a reduced amount of data, which
has already been at least partially processed.
Substantially, to allow a system involving such high
numbers and functional performances as those illustrated
to work efficiently, with no delays and without any jams,
the present invention proposes to adopt the principle of
distributing the processing power
- as far as it is reasonable from the economical
point of view - as much as possible onto the peripheral
units CE and on the concentrators C-BT1 ... C-BTn, to such
an extent as to make such units as autonomous as possible
(even acting in "stand-alone" conditions in case of
interruption on the communication lines, or giving up part
of the functional performances, if necessary). By acting
in this way, it has been achieved to weigh as less as
possible on the communication systems, by actually
transferring merely the "processed data", rather than the
entire amount of elementary data, and thereby obtaining
some important results, such as:
- a simplification of the processings required for
the central server;
- a reduced communication load;
- the availability of considerable amounts of useful
band for the purpose of supporting any eventual additional
services.
The principle that has lead to the achievement of the
present invention may find its origin in the fact of
having reproduced a virtual (but totally faithful) image
of the electricity meter CE inside the concentrator C-BT.
Virtually, it is as if in the concentrator there existed
an "alias" of the electricity meter, which is continuously
updated by the concentrator in a predetermined manner, by
withdrawing data from the actual electricity meter (such
data being processed autonomously or following controls
being received). This image electricity meter is thus, in
actual fact, constantly available on the concentrator for
the transactions and the exchange of data, or for
receiving controls and/or programs from the server.
This set-up allows furthermore to use in "stand-
alone" conditions both the single electricity meter CE and
the area units Al ... An formed by the single concentrator
C-BT and by the electricity meters CE of the area unit
controlled thereby; thus, without the supervision of the
server in real time but, for example, through a periodic
reading of the data from the concentrator by means of a
portable terminal.
To obtain this result, a further structural feature
of the system thus formed lies in the fact that each of
the meters CE incorporates, as well as means to measure
the power consumptions, substantially known per se, also
- means to transduce the measured values into
measuring data meant to be processed,
- at least a first processor to process said
measuring data,
- at least a first data memory and a first programme
memory, and
- first means for the bi-directional transmission
towards the associated concentrator,
- the output of said first processor being connected
to said first data memory and/or to said first bi-
directional transmission means, so as to at least
temporarily store and/or respectively transmit the
data, which has already undergone a first
processing.
Likewise, each concentrator incorporates
- at least a second programme memory,
- at least a second microprocessor for further
processing said data processed by the meters,
- at least a second data memory to store the data
issued by said meters and/or by said second
microprocessor,
- and second means for the bi-directional
transmission towards the central server,
the output of said second processor being connected
to said second data memory and/or to said second bi-
directional transmission means, so as to at least
temporarily store and/or respectively transmit said
further processed data.
The connection, for the transmission of data, between
the meters CE and the concentrators C-BT is preferably
obtained through wave transmission systems, using the same
power supply conductors that connect the meters CE to the
low voltage power supply substations, e.g. the secondary
substations, where the concentrators C-BT are positioned.
Whereas, the connection between the concentrators C-BTl ...
C-BTn and the central server AMM is obtained, by
preference, through a telephone network, whether it is a
specific or a general-purpose network. A very suitable
telephone network for this purpose would be the GSM or any
other public mobile telephone network or any other
existing wireless public telephone network, e.g., a
satellite based wireless telephone network. If such a
network is employed, it is advantageous to establish dial
up connections between the concentrator C-BT and the
central server AMM on demand or according to a schedule
which can be predefined or dependent on an operating
condition of the concentrator C-BT or the central server
AMM.
If a predefined schedule is adopted, the AMM or the
C-BT will try to establish a connection between the AMM
and the C-BT at predetermined times during a day, week or
month, at which times it can be assumed that a certain
amount of data or commands which require to be
transmitted, has been collected and buffered in the
concentrator and/or in the AMM, respectively. If the
schedule is dependent on an operating condition of the AMM
and/or the C-BT, a dial up connection will be established
as soon as a certain amount of data and/or commands which
require transmission, have been collected or if certain
alarm conditions have been detected which require to be
reported without delay. In any case, after the data and/or
commands have been transmitted, the connection is
terminated.
With a structure of the system thus conceived, the
respective measuring - which also forms an important
characteristic of the present invention - ends up by being
strictly tied to the functions which each of the three

components of the system should perform.
In particular, each electricity me.ter of the system
according to the invention is dimensioned so that said
first processor incorporated therein is apt to perform at
least the functions of: (1) acquisition of the electric
energy consumptions, (5) distribution of the power
consumptions into different scales of charges, (12)
estimate of the tampering attempts and control of an
antifraud device, (25) transfer and maintenance of the
stored data at least during the voltage drop.
Likewise, each concentrator of the system according
to the invention is dimensioned so that said second
processor incorporated therein is apt to perform, as well
as the double function of master of the PLC (power line
carrier) network, for what concerns the communications on
the power supply line between the actual concentrator and
the electricity meters and, respectively, of node of the
TLC network, for what concerns the communications on the
telephone line between the concentrator and the central
server, at least the following additional functions: (11)
execution of an energy balance for what concerns the
single cabin of electric energy supply into which the
concentrator is positioned, (14) constant monitoring of
the working conditions of each electricity meter connected
thereto and issue of an alarm signal in case the self-
diagnostics of the meter should indicate a malfunction.
Finally, the server or central unit of the system
according to the invention is dimensioned so that its

processor is apt to guarantee at least the following
functions: (8) automatic control of the operations of
disconnection, reconnection, suspension, delayed payments
and contract variations, (10) selective cut-off of the
power supply due to requirements of the electric system,
and (2 6) downloading of the operating programs.
A more complete list - to be however considered as a
non-limiting example - of the functions which the system
according to the present invention is apt to perform, can
be summed up in the following points, wherein an initial
brief definition is followed by a more detailed
explanation of the function connected therewith:
1. Measurement and acquisition of the electric energy
consumptions. The known type electromechanical
electricity meters, adopted in the present power
consumption system, are apt to measure only one
type of electric energy consumption, active or
reactive; if both measurements are required, it is
hence necessary to install two distinct electricity
meters. The electronic electricity meter according
to the present invention is instead apt to
simultaneously measure both the active energy
consumptions and the reactive energy consumptions.
2. Accuracy rating. According to standards, the
electricity meter measures in class 1 for the
active energy and in class 2 for the reactive
energy.
3. Acquisition and registration of the consumptions
profile. For each user it is possible to detect the
charging curve, with a programmable integration
period, particularly in the range from 1 minute to
1 hour. Thanks to the processing capacity of the
electricity meter it is possible to reckon the
elapse of consecutive time intervals and, for each
of them, to memorize the power consumption inside
the same.
4 . Measurement and recording of the average and peak
power. The electromechanical electricity meters
normally used in the power consumption system are
apt to measure only one type of power, active or
reactive; if both measurements are required, it is
hence necessary to install two electricity meters,
as already mentioned for the electric energy
consumptions. The electronic electricity meter
according to the present invention is instead apt
to simultaneously measure both the active power and
the reactive power.
5. Distribution of the electric energy consumptions
into different scales of charges. Thanks to its
processing capacity, the electricity meter is apt
to establish a table of different time scales in
the space of a day, thereby making it possible to
set out for each of them a respective cost value
for the electric energy used up. The electricity
meter is thus apt to integrate the consumptions
with reference to the table of costs and to
memorize, in the invoicing period, the total
consumption of each time scale. In addition to
this, said table of costs can be programmed not
only on the basis of time profiles but also on the
basis of power thresholds.
6. Control of several invoicing periods. It is
possible to control at least two invoicing periods
(present and previous), also at variable intervals.
7. Control of two electric energy supply contracts. In
the power range up to 35 kw, it is possible to
control two electric energy supply contracts,
namely an existing contract and the one to be
applied in future. The electricity meter can be
programmed to automatically switch over the
contract - from the present one to the future one -
upon reaching of a given date.
8. Control of the operations of disconnection and
reconnection. These operations can be carried out
automatically in relation to situations of
discontinuance, suspension for delayed payments,
contract variations. Thanks to its processing
capacity, the electricity meter carries out these
operations on the basis of remote controls (from
the central server or from the respective
concentrator) through the PLC network. It is hence
not necessary for an operator to physically go on
the site where the electricity meter is installed.
9. Possibility to operate in conditions of prepayment.
The electricity meter can be programmed so as to
compare the amount of electric energy used up with
a preset limit (eventually apt to be modified by an
external control) corresponding to a payment
carried out in advance; as soon as said limit has
been exceeded, the electric energy supply is
automatically disconnected and suspended.
10. Selective cut-off for requirements of the
electric system. The cut-off or suspension of the
power supply can be necessary, generally on a local
level, in case of blackout risks or of temporary
overloads. This function is not implemented in a
broadcast mode, but it is instead specifically
addressed to each single electricity meter. From
the centre (central server or concentrator) it is
possible to send to the electricity meters, via
PLC, a control for example to modify the highest
power available in the actual meter, with a
temporary effect, that is with no need to alter the
power supply contract; this allows to obtain a
lightening of the overall power required from the
cabin.
11. Execution of an energy balance. At the level of a
single cabin, or of a single concentrator, it is
possible to do the sum of the measurements of the
power consumption drawn from the single electricity
meters depending from said cabin. This sum -
periodically compared to the value of the total
electric current withdrawn, or with the mean
electric current value - supplies a useful
indication to detect any non-standard electric
current withdrawals and, therefore, also any
unauthorized withdrawals.
12. Antifraud/tampering function. At the level of
each electricity meter, a device is provided to
perform this specific function, which is thus apt
to eliminate the requirement to use seals and to
periodically check the integrity of such seals. The
change of power, available by contract, does not
require - as said - to open the electricity meter
in order to adjust the measuring equipment (shunt);
it has thus been possible to realize the
electricity meter as a sealed single block
structure containing all the functions of
measurement, control of the contracts, control of
the opening/closing circuit of the power line. For
the purpose of checking any possible attempts to
open the sealed structure in the electricity meter,
an electromechanical device has thus been
incorporated which produces an alarm signal on the
network of the system and said alarm signal can be
removed only by adopting a procedure available to
the operators.
13. Measuring and recording quality parameters of the
service. The microprocessor incorporated in each
electricity meter is apt to verify and memorize
interruptions of electric energy supply and voltage
variations (deviation of the voltage from the
nominal value foreseen in the electric energy
supply contract). On the basis of this data, it is
possible to determine the quality parameters of the
service at the level of each delivery point of the
electric energy being supplied.
14. Constant monitoring of the working conditions.
The microprocessor incorporated in each electricity
meter is apt to periodically verify (self-
diagnostics) the conditions of the various hardware
components of said meter and the congruency of the
data stored in the memory. In case there should be
any malfunctions, it is possible both to signal the
same with appropriate service words (which are then
read by the central system), and to start immediate
recovery procedures.
15. Possibility of bi-directional transmission of
information. The system according to the invention
allows not only to carry out operations directly
connected to the supply of the service for which
the system has been conceived, but also to send to
the electricity meter and receive from the same
other types of information ("information provider"
service). The electricity meter can display such
information on its own visual display unit, or else
transfer it onto other devices connected to the
electric line of the user, downstream of the
electricity meter, or even draw it therefrom; such
devices are directly interfaced with the
electricity meter via PLC, or else through a
bridge-device acting as an intermediate bridge and
communicating directly with the electricity meter
via PLC. This gives the possibility to other
subjects to use the system according to the
invention as a remote control system allowing to
connect oneself to ones own devices at the user's
site.
16. Management of a calendar clock. Having allocated
to the meter the calculation of consumptions as a
function of the scale of charges, said meter
requires a precise time reference (± 30 sec/month);
this is obtained by means of local electronic
circuitry (RealTimeClock), the state of which may
be remotely verified and synchronised (through
external controls, via PLC or optical gate ZVEI )
and corrected, if need be, in case of excessive
variations.
17. Set of displayable data. On the local display of
the meter (for example of the 16x1 alphanumeric +
icons type), a whole series of data may be
programmed. The presence of electronic components
allows to provide additional functions such as
locally displaying to the user consumptions and
costs data, generic messages or messages providing
information about the service, or indicating the
functional state of said meter to the service staff
(diagnostics).
18. Opening the power circuit. A modular element
equipped with a suitable releasing element apt to
be opened by remote control is integrated into the
meter. A single box hosts both the electronic
components apt to perform the meter functions
described so far, and the electromechanical
components apt to open/close the electrical power
line. This way, the electromechanical components,
besides operating autonomously at the highest
power, may also be directed on request of the
central unit or in the presence of local conditions
detected by the electronic part (e.g. when the
contract expires).
19. Quick installation of the meter. Having to
replace a high number of devices at users'
locations in a short time, the invention provides a
meter group in two parts, namely a wedge as a base
and a controlling and managing body, the two parts
being connectable through connecting pliers and a
bayonet joint.
20. Local interconnectability with external devices.
The PLC communication system requires the
availability of complex hardware and software
means. In order to guarantee both the accessibility
of the data contained in the concentrators and
meters even by simple devices (e.g. handheld PCs)
available to a user, and the availability of a
second communication line substituting the network
in case the latter is interrupted; an optical ZVEI
gate is also associated to the meter. Said gate
only requires the external device to have a simple
RS-232 serial gate (available in almost every PC).
21. Safety/protection of the PLC communication. The
data transferred from the concentrator to the
meters or from the latter to the central server
have different privacy degrees. For those not
considered highly reserved, the protection
mechanisms implemented by the functions managing
the PLC communication protocol, apt to guarantee
the delivery of the messages, is sufficient. For
critical data, an additional mechanism has been
added - e.g. based on an authentication key - at
the level of message interpreting and managing
procedure, apt to guarantee the non-modifiability
and/or readability of said messages by third
parties outside the service.
22. Automatic recognition of the installation of the
meter. This function must be present for two
reasons: one is technical, related to the PLC
communication mechanisms, the other is fiscal, in
order to detect potential fraud by users.
23. Distant meters reachability. The PLC
communication method uses a physical support
(electric line) that does not guarantee homogeneous
conduction of the signal in every point of the
network, for which reason meters may not be
reachable by the concentrator. Therefore, the
concentrator may require one or more meters (which
are able "see" the non-reachable meter) to act as
bridges, forwarding the message, to the non-
reachable meter. It is indeed a repetition
mechanism, which allows to solve the problem of
reachability via network.
24. Automatic recognition of the repetition path.
When informed of the presence of a new meter, the
concentrator checks its reachability. If it is not
reachable, it tries to detect one or more different
meters that can "see" the non-directly reachable
meter. These meters are detected, the detecting
parameters stored, and then subsequently used as an
intermediate bridge.
25. Data maintenance in voltage drop conditions. The
substitution of the mechanical devices recording
the consumption (numbered knob) v/ith electronic
components (volatile memories) would imply the loss
of the consumption data if the power from the
providing company were interrupted. In order to
avoid this, a non-volatile memory, preferably a
ferro electric RAM (FRAM), has been used in the
system, apt to guarantee the maintenance of the
data throughout the useful life of the electricity
meter (15 years).
26. Downloading the managing programmes. In order to
guarantee the developing and/or corrective
maintenance of the functions performed by the
programs installed in the system devices, it is
possible to modify said programs without
interrupting the fundamental activities of said
devices and without having to go where they are;
the activity is performed using the PLC
communication mechanisms used by the control centre
to manage the devices.
27. Detection of the line switch opening. When one of
the output lines from the power supply cabin -
where the concentrator is - is out of order due to
the opening of the line protection switch, the
concentrator, on the basis of the failure to
communicate with all the meters supplied by that
line, indicates to the central server an out-of-
service line alarm condition.
It is however understood that this list should not be
intended as limiting the scope of the invention. This
description intends to highlight by way of examples how
the main functions are distributed between the three
components (meters, concentrators and central unit) of the
system according to the invention, considered the
functional abilities of these three components, as better
specified hereinafter and in the claims.
In other words, in order to achieve the basic idea of
the present invention, synthetically indicated as
"intelligence allocation", it is preferable that:
a) the meters be at least allocated at least one of
the functions indicated at numbers 1), 5), 12) and 25);
but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers
2), 3), 4), 6), 7) 12), 13), 16), 17) 18, 19), 20) and 25)
are performed in the meters;
b) the meters be able to manage, together with the
concentrators and the server, also at least one of the
functions indicated at numbers 9), 14), 15), 21), 22), 23)
and 26);
c) the concentrators be at least allocated at least
one of the functions indicated at numbers 11) and 14), as
well as those of PLC network master and TLC network node,
but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers
20) and 24) are performed in concentrators;
d) the central server be at least allocated one or
more of the functions indicated at numbers 8), 10), 17)
and 26), but the function indicated at numbers 9) and 21)
is also preferably performed in the central server, as
well as the function, of course, of TLC network master,
and other potential invoicing and managing functions (not
concerning this patent application).
In other words, the intelligence of the system is
distributed between the central unit, concentrators and
meters so that each of these three elements of the system
has its own processing ability, although limited as
regards the meters, but sufficient in order to relevantly
reduce the requirements of data transmission through bi-
directional transmission; these requirements being
limited, on the one hand, by the reduction of the quantity
of transmitted data or, on the other hand, by the delay of
their transmission to times when the transmission lines
are less busy.
It is however understood that the invention should
not be intended as limited to the particular arrangement
illustrated above, which only represents an exemplary
embodiment thereof, but that also different alternatives
are possible, all within the grasp of an expert in the
art, without thereby departing from the protective scope
thereof, as defined by the following claims.
WE CLAIM :
1. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the targets of users spread over a
vast territory, of the type comprising electricity
meters, equipped with means to measure the electric
energy consumptions and associated to each user,
intermediate stations or concentrators, to each of
which a set of meters is connected by first means for
the bi-directional transmission of data, said
concentrators being in turn all connected to a
central control and supervision unit through second
means for the bi-directional transmission of data,
said concentrator being adapted to perform a function
of automatic identification of a repetition path by
detecting one or more electricity meters as an
intermediate bridge to an electricity meter that
cannot be reached directly by the concentrator
characterised in that
the intelligence of the system is distributed
between the central unit, the concentrators and
the electricity meters;
a set of a limited number of electricity meters
is connected downstream of each concentrator,
each meter incorporating, in addition to said
means to measure the electric energy
consumptions: means to transduce the measured
values into measuring data meant to be processed;
at least a first processor to process said
measuring data; at least a first data memory and
a first programme memory, as well as first means
for the bi-directional transmission towards the
associated concentrator; the output of said first
processor being connected to said first data
memory and/or to said first bi-directional
transmission means, so as to at least temporarily
store and/or respectively transmit the data which
have already undergone a first processing;
a plurality of concentrators is connected
downstream of the central unit, each concentrator
incorporating: at least a second programme
memory, at least a second microprocessor for
further processing said data processed by the
meters, at least a second data memory to store
the data issued by said meters and/or by said
second microprocessor, as well as second means
for the bi-directional transmission towards the
central server, the output of said second
processor being connected to said second data
memory and/or to said second bi-directional
transmission means, so as to at least temporarily
store and/or respectively transmit said further
processed data.
2. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1, wherein said concentrator is
adapted to perform a function of automatic
identification of a repetition path, said
concentrator being adapted to reproduce a virtual
image of a said electricity meter downstream of the
concentrator and to update the virtual image by
withdrawing data autonomously processed from the said
electricity meter.
3. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1, wherein said concentrator is
adapted to perform a function of automatic
identification of a repetition path in the event of
receiving information about the presence of a new
meter, checking whether the meter can be reached by
the concentrator, storing the detecting parameters
and using the detected meters as an intermediate
bridge to the electricity meter that cannot be
reached directly by the concentrator.
4. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first processor
incorporated in each electricity meter performs at
least the following functions: (1) acquisition of the
electric energy consumptions, (5) distribution of the
electric energy consumptions into different scales of
charges, (12) estimate of the tampering attempts and
control of an antifraud device, and (25) transfer and
maintenance of the stored data at least during the
voltage drop.
5. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein the function
(5) of distributing the electric energy consumptions
into different scales of charges is programmed on the
basis of time profiles and/or power thresholds.
6. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (3) of acquiring
and recording the profile of the electric energy
consumptions of the user (charging curve).
7. System as claimed in claim 6, wherein the function
(3) of acquiring and recording the profile of the
electric energy consumptions is performed with a
programmable integration period (from 1 min. to 1
hour).
8. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (4) of measuring
and recording the average and peak power (active and
reactive).
9. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (6) of managing
two separate invoicing periods at variable intervals
(present and previous).
10. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (7) of managing
two distinct electric energy supply contracts in the
power range up to 35 kw (present and future).
11. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (13) of
measuring and recording the quality parameters of the
service, such as interruptions and deviations of the
voltage from the nominal value indicated in the
electric energy supply contract.
12. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (16) of
managing, with the required precision (± 30
sec./month), a calendar clock apt to be remotely
synchronised.
13. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor performs also the function (18) of opening
the power circuit integrated in the electricity
meter.
14. System as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first
processor adopts, for the function (18) of opening
the power circuit, a modular element (DIN standard)
equipped with a suitable releasing element apt to be
opened by remote control.
15. System as claimed in claims 1 and 4, wherein said
first data memory is preset so as to perform the
function (25) of maintaining the stored data, also
during voltage drop, throughout the useful life of
the electricity meter (15 years) .
16. System as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first
processor also performs the function (17) of
displaying data on the electric energy consumption
and/or the operation of the electricity meter.
17. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second processor
of each concentrator performs the double function of
master of the PLC (power line carrier) network, for
what concerns the communications on the power supply
line between the actual concentrator and the
electricity meters and, respectively, of a node of
the TLC network, for what concerns the communications
on the telephone line between the concentrator and
the central server.
18. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1 or 17, wherein said second
processor of each concentrator performs at least the
following additional functions: (11) execution of an
energy balance for what concerns the single power
supply substation into which the concentrator is
installed; (14) constant monitoring of the working
conditions of each electricity meter connected
thereto and issue of an alarm signal in case the
self-diagnostics of the meter should indicate a
malfunction.
19. System as claimed in claim 17, wherein said second
processor of each concentrator performs, in
association with said energy balance, a function (11)
of detecting any unauthorized withdrawals.
20. System as claimed in claim 17, wherein said second
processor of each concentrator also performs a
function (24) of automatic identification of the
repeating path.
21. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the distributed targets of users,
as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unit of the
central server performs at least the following
functions: (8) automatic management of the operations
of disconnection, reconnection, discontinuances,
suspensions for delayed payments and contract
variations; (10) selective cut-off of the power
supply due to requirements of the electric system
(black-out risk or temporary overloads) ; and (26)
downloading of the operating programs.
22. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the unit of
the central server also performs an operative
function (9) in conditions of prepayment.
23. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the central
server unit also performs a function (21) of safety
and/or protection of the PLC communication with
authentication key.
24. System as claimed in claim 21, wherein the central
server unit also performs a function (17) of
displaying the operating data of the server and/or of
the network.
25. System as claimed in claims 1, 4, 17 or 21, wherein
the unit of the central server also performs - by
means of the concentrators and in cooperation with
the electricity meters, on the communication network
between these three units - a function of bi-
directional transmission of information meant for the
automation of services implemented by subjects other
than the owner of the networks.
26. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the
remote control of the targets of users spread over a
vast territory, of the type comprising electricity
meters, equipped with means to measure the electric
energy consumptions and associated to each user,
intermediate stations or concentrators, to each of
which a set of meters is connected by first means for
the bi-directional transmission of data, said
concentrators being in turn all connected to a
central control and supervision unit through second
means for the bi-directional transmission of data,
said concentrator being adapted to reproduce a
virtual image of a said electricity meter downstream
of the concentrator, to update said virtual image by
withdrawing data autonomously processed from the said
electricity meter, which image is constantly
available on the concentrator for the transaction and
the exchange of data, or for receiving controls
and/or programs from the central server
characterised in that
the intelligence of the system is distributed
between the central unit, the concentrators and
the electricity meters;
a set of a limited number of electricity meters
is connected downstream of each concentrator,
each meter incorporating, in addition to said
means to measure the electric energy
consumptions: means to transduce the measured
values into measuring data meant to be processed;
at least a first processor to process said
measuring data; at least a first data memory and
a first programme memory, as well as first means
for the bi-directional transmission towards the
associated concentrator; the output of said first
processor being connected to said first data
memory and/or to said first bi-directional
transmission means, so as to at least temporarily
store and/or respectively transmit the data which
have already undergone a first processing;
a plurality of concentrators is connected downstream
of the central unit, each concentrator incorporating:
at least a second programme memory, at least a second
microprocessor for further processing said data
processed by the meters, at least a second data
memory to store the data issued by said meters and/or
by said second microprocessor, as well as second
means for the bi-directional transmission towards the
central server, the output of said second processor
being connected to said second data memory and/or to
said second bi-directional transmission means, so as
to at least temporarily store and/or respectively
transmit said further processed data.

A system for the remote acquisition of data and for
the remote control of electricity meters comprises a
central server AMM in bi-directional communication with a
plurality of concentrators. To each concentrator, a set of
electricity meters is connected, such that bi-directional
communication between each meter and its associated
concentrator is possible. The intelligence of the system
is distributed between the central server, the
concentrators and the electricity meters. To this end,
each meter comprises at least a first processor, a first
data memory and a first program memory for bi-directional
communication with the associated concentrator. The first
data memory serves to at least temporarily store and/or
transmit the data which have already undergone a first
processing by the first processor. Each of the
concentrators comprises a second processor, a second
program memory and a second data memory as well as means
for a bi-directional communication with a central server.
The second data memory serves to temporarily store and/or
transmit the data processed by the second processor.

Documents:

889-KOLNP-2004-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

889-KOLNP-2004-FORM 27 1.1.pdf

889-KOLNP-2004-FORM 27.pdf

889-KOLNP-2004-FORM-27.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-abstract.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-assignment.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-claims.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-correspondence.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-description (complete).pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-drawings.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-examination report.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-form 1.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-form 13.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-form 18.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-form 3.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-form 5.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-pa.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-specification.pdf

889-kolnp-2004-granted-translated copy of priority document.pdf

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Patent Number

234603

Indian Patent Application Number

889/KOLNP/2004

PG Journal Number

24/2009

Publication Date

12-Jun-2009

Grant Date

09-Jun-2009

Date of Filing

25-Jun-2004

Name of Patentee

ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE S.P.A

Applicant Address

VIA OMBRONE 2, I-00198 ROME

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	ROGAI SERGIO	C/O ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE S.P.A, VIA OMBRONE 2, I-00198 ROME
2	ROGAI SERGIO	C/O ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE S.P.A, VIA OMBRONE 2, I-00198 ROME

PCT International Classification Number

G01R 22/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/EP2002/14687

PCT International Filing date

2002-12-20

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	MI2001A 002726	2001-12-20	Italy