Title of Invention

PYRAZOLYL INDOLYL COMPOUNDS

Abstract This invention is concerned with pyrazolyl indolyl compounds of the formula (I) wherein one of R6, R7 and R8 is and R1 to R15 and n are as defined in the description and claims, and all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, to a process for their preparation and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARa agonists.
Full Text The present invention is concerned with pyrazolyl indolyl compounds of the formula (I)
(Formula Removed)
and all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1-7-alkyl; R2 and R3 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano;
and one of R6, R7 and R8 is
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R10 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkyl;
R11 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl;
R" is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, or C1-7-alkoxy-C|.7-alkyl;
one of R12 or R13 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, C2-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-y-alkinyl, or fluoro- C1-7-alkyl; and the other one is a lone
pair;
R14 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, halogen C1-7alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-
alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, or fluoro-C|.7-alkyl;
R15 is aryl or heteroaryl; and
n is 1, 2 or 3.
It has been found that compounds of formula I are useful as lipid modulators and
insulin sensitizers. In particular, compounds of formula I are PPAR activators.
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear
hormone receptor superfamily. The PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that
regulate gene expression and control multiple metabolic pathways. Three subtypes have
been described which are PPARa, PPARS (also known as PPARP), and PPARy. PPAR8
is ubiquitously expressed. PPARa is predominantly expressed in the liver, kidney and
heart. There are at least two major isoforms of PPARy. PPARyl is expressed in most
tissues, and the longer isoform, PPARy2 is almost exclusively expressed in adipose
tissue. The PPARs modulate a variety of physiological responses including regulation of
glucose- and lipid- homeostasis and metabolism, energy balance, cell differentiation,
inflammation and cardiovascular events.
Approximately half of all patients with coronary artery disease have low
concentrations of plasma HDL cholesterol. The atheroprotective function of HDL was
first highlighted almost 25 years ago and stimulated exploration of the genetic and
environmental factors that influence HDL levels. The protective function of HDL comes
from its role in a process termed reverse cholesterol transport. HDL mediates the removal
of cholesterol from cells in peripheral tissues including those in the atherosclerotic
lesions of the arterial wall. HDL then delivers its cholesterol to the liver and sterolmetabolizing
organs for conversion to bile and elimination. Data from the Framingham
study showed that HDL-C levels are predictive of coronary artery disease risk
independently of LDL-C levels. The estimated age-adjusted prevalence among
Americans age 20 and older who have HDL-C of less than 35 mg/dl is 16% (males) and
5.7% (females). A substantial increase of HDL-C is currently achieved by treatment with
niacin in various formulations. However, the substantial side-effects limit the therapeutic
potential of this approach.
As many as 90% of the 14 million diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in the US are
overweight or obese, and a high proportion of type 2 diabetic patients have abnormal
concentrations of lipoproteins. The prevalence of total cholesterol > 240 mg/dl is 37% in
diabetic men and 44% in women. The respective rates for LDL-C > 160 mg/dl are 31%
and 44%, respectively, and for HDL-C is a disease in which a patient's ability to control glucose levels in blood is decreased
because of partial impairment in response to the action of insulin. Type II diabetes (T2D)
is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and afflicts 80-90 % of
all diabetic patients in developed countries. In T2D, the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
continue to produce insulin. However, the target organs for insulin action, mainly
muscle, liver and adipose tissue, exhibit a profound resistance to insulin stimulation. The
body continues to compensate by producing unphysiologically high levels of insulin,
which ultimately decreases in later stage of disease, due to exhaustion and failure of
pancreatic insulin-producing capacity. Thus T2D is a cardiovascular-metabolic syndrome
associated with multiple comorbidities including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia,
hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory atherosclerosis.
First line treatment for dyslipidemia and diabetes generally involves a low-fat and
low-glucose diet, exercise and weight loss. However, compliance can be moderate, and
as the disease progresses, treatment of the various metabolic deficiencies becomes
necessary with e.g. lipid-modulating agents such as statins and fibrates for dyslipidemia
and hypoglycemic drugs, e.g. sulfonylureas or metformin for insulin resistance. A
promising new class of drugs has recently been introduced that resensitizes patients to
their own insulin (insulin sensitizers), thereby restoring blood glucose and triglyceride
levels to normal, and in many cases, obviating or reducing the requirement for exogenous
insulin. Pioglitazone (Actos™) and rosiglitazone (Avandia™) belong to the
thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of PPARy-agonists and were the first in their class to be
approved for NIDDM in several countries. These compounds, however, suffer from side
effects, including rare but severe liver toxicity (as seen with troglitazone). They also
increase body weight in patients. Therefore, new, more efficacious drugs with greater
safety and lower side effects are urgently needed. Recent studies provide evidence that
agonism of PPAR5 would result in compounds with enhanced therapeutic potential, i. e.
such compounds should improve the lipid profile, with a superior effect on HDL-C
raising compared to current treatments and with additional positive effects on
normalization of insulin-levels (Oliver et al; Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 5306-11).
Recent observations also suggest that there is a independent PPARa mediated effect on
insulin-sensitzation in addition to its well known role in reducing triglycerides (Guerre-
Millo et al; J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 16638-16642). Thus selective PPARa agonists,
selective PPAR5 agonists or PPAR a/8 agonists may show superior therapeutic efficacy
without the side-effects such as the weight gain seen with pure PPARy agonists.
The novel compounds of the present invention exceed the compounds known in the
art, inasmuch as they bind to and selectively activate PPARa or coactivate PPAR8 and
PPARa simultaneously and very efficiently, and with much improved pharmacokinetic
properties. Therefore, these compounds combine the anti-dyslipidemic and anti-glycemic
effects of PPARa and PPAR8 activation with slightly no effect on PPARy.
Consequently, HDL cholesterol is increased, triglycerides lowered (=improved lipid
profile) and plasma glucose and insulin are reduced (=insulin sensitization). In addition,
such compounds may also lower LDL cholesterol, decrease blood pressure and
counteract inflammatory atherosclerosis. Furthermore, such compounds may also be
useful for treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and
psoriasis. Since multiple facets of combined dyslipidemia and the T2D disease syndrome
are addressed by PPARSselective agonists and PPAR8 and a coagonists, they are
expected to have an enhanced therapeutic potential compared to the compounds already
known in the art.
The compounds of the present invention further exhibit improved pharmacological
properties compared to known compounds.
Unless otherwise indicated the following definitions are set forth to illustrate and
define the meaning and scope of the various terms used to describe the invention herein.
The term "alkyl", alone or in combination with other groups, refers to a branched
or straight-chain monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of one to twenty
carbon atoms, preferably one to sixteen carbon atoms, more preferably one to ten carbon
atoms.
The term "lower alkyl" or " C1-7alkyl", alone or in combination with other groups,
refers to a branched or straight-chain monovalent alkyl radical of one to seven carbon
atoms, preferably one to four carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified by such
radicals as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl and the groups
specifically exemplified herein.
The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The term "fluoro-lower alkyl" or "fluoro- C1-7alkyl" refers to lower alkyl groups
which are mono- or multiply substituted with fluorine. Examples of fluoro-lower alkyl
groups are e.g. -CF}, -CHCFa, -CH(CF3)2and the groups specifically exemplified herein.
The term "alkoxy" refers to the group R'-O, wherein R' is alkyl. The term "loweralkoxy"
or " C1-7-alkoxy" refers to the group R'-O-, wherein R' is lower-alkyl. Examples
of lower-alkoxy groups are e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy,
isobutoxy and hexyloxy. Preferred are the lower-alkoxy groups specifically exemplified
herein.
The term "lower fluoroalkoxy" or "fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy" refers to lower alkoxy
groups as defined above which are mono- or multiply substituted with fluorine.
Examples of lower fluoroalkoxy groups are e.g. -OCFs, and -OCFbCFs.
The term "lower alkenyl" or "C2-7-alkenyl", alone or in combination, signifies a
straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon residue comprising an olefinic bond and up to 7,
preferably up to 6, particularly preferred up to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl
groups are ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl
and isobutenyl. A preferred example is 2-propenyl.
The term "lower alkinyl" or "C2-7-alkinyl", alone or in combination, signifies a
straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon residue comprising a triple bond and up to 7,
preferably up to 6, particularly preferred up to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkinyl
groups are ethinyl, 1-propinyl, or 2-propinyl.
The term "cycloalkyl" or "C3.7-cycloalkyl" denotes a saturated carbocyclic group
containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
The term "aryl" relates to the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl
group, which can optionally be mono- or multiply-substituted, particularly mono- or disubstituted
by halogen, hydroxy, CN, CF3, NO2, NH2, N(H, lower-alkyl), N(loweralkyl)
2, carboxy, aminocarbonyl, lower-alkyl, lower fluoro-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, lower
fluoro-alkoxy, aryl and/or aryloxy. Preferred substituents are halogen, CFs, OCFs, loweralkyl
and/or lower-alkoxy. Preferred are the specifically exemplified aryl groups.
The term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring which can
comprise 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur such as furyl,
pyridyl, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diazinyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, or pyrrolyl.
The term "heteroaryl" further refers to bicyclic aromatic groups comprising two 5- or 6-
membered rings, in which one or both rings can contain 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from
nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur such as e.g. indole or quinoline, or partially hydrogenated
bicyclic aromatic groups such as e.g. indolinyl. A heteroaryl group may have a
substitution pattern as described earlier in connection with the term "aryl". Preferred
heteroaryl groups are e.g. thienyl and furyl which can optionally be substituted as
described above, preferably with halogen, CF3, lower-alkyl and/or lower-alkoxy.
A "lone pair" is a pair of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, in particular a
nitrogen atom, that are not used in bonding.
The term "protecting group" refers to groups such as e.g. acyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, silyl, or imine-derivatives, which are used to temporarily block the
reactivity of functional groups. Well known protecting groups are e.g. tbutyloxycarbonyl,
benzyloxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl or diphenylmethylene
which can be used for the protection of amino groups, or lower-alkyl-, ptrimethylsilylethyl-
and p-trichloroethyl-esters, which can be used for the protection of
carboxy groups.
"Isomers" are compounds that have identical molecular formulae but that differ in
the nature or the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atoms
in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed
"stereoisomers". Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed
"diastereoisomers", and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images are
termed "enantiomers", or sometimes optical isomers. A carbon atom bonded to four
nonidentical substituents is termed a "chiral center".
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" embraces salts of the compounds of
formula (I) with pharmaceutically acceptable bases such as alkali salts, e.g. Na- and Ksalts,
alkaline earth salts, e.g. Ca- and Mg-salts, and ammonium or substituted
ammonium salts, such as e.g. trimethylammonium salts. The term "pharmaceutically
acceptable salts" also relates to such salts.
The compounds of formula (I) can also be solvated, e.g. hydrated. The solvation
can be effected in the course of the manufacturing process or can take place e.g. as a
consequence of hygroscopic properties of an initially anhydrous compound of formula (1)
(hydration). The term pharmaceutically acceptable salts also includes pharmaceutically
acceptable solvates.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable esters" embraces derivatives of the
compounds of formula (I), in which a carboxy group has been converted to an ester.
Lower-alkyl, hydroxy-lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl, amino-lower-alkyl, monoor
di-lower-alkyl-amino-lower-alkyl, morpholino-lower-alkyl, pyrrolidino-lower-alkyl,
piperidino-lower-alkyl, piperazino-lower-alkyl, lower-alkyl-piperazino-lower-alkyl and
aralkyl esters are examples of suitable esters. The methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and benzyl
esters are preferred esters. The methyl and ethyl esters are especially preferred. The term
"pharmaceutically acceptable esters" furthermore embraces compounds of formula (I) in
which hydroxy groups have been converted to the corresponding esters with inorganic or
organic acids such as, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid,
maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ptoluenesulphonic
acid and the like, which are non toxic to living organisms.
In detail, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I)
wherein
R1 is hydrogen or C1-7-alkyl;
R2 and R3 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3.7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-Ci_7-alkyl, C2.7-alkenyl, C2.7-alkinyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkyl, cyano-Ci_7-alkyl or cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3_7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-Ci.7-alkyl, C1-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkyl, cyano- C1-7-alkyl or cyano;
and one of R6, R7 and R8 is
(Figure Removed)
wherein
R'° is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl or fluoro- C1-7-alkyl;
R" is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7alkoxy- C1-77-alkyl;
one of R12 or R13 is hydrogen, C|.7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, C2-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C1-7-alkinyl or fluoro C1-7-alkyl; and the other one is a lone
pair;
R14 is hydrogen, C|.7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl, C2_7-
alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl or fluoro-Ci_7-alkyl;
R15 is aryl or heteroaryl;
n is 1, 2 or 3; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Preferred compounds of formula I of the present invention are compounds of
formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined herein before;
R6, R7 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen,
C1-7cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl, C1-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkyl, cyano- C1-7-alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
More preferred are those compounds of formula I-A in accordance with the present
invention, wherein R6, R7 and R9 are hydrogen.
Also preferred are compounds of formula I having the formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined herein before;
R6, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3_7-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci.7-alkoxy-Ci-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkyl, cyano- C1-7alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Especially preferred are compounds of formula I-B, wherein R6, R8 and R9 are
hydrogen.
Further preferred compounds of formula I have the formula
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined herein before;
R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C1-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl, C1-7-alkenyl, C1-7-alkinyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkyl, cyano C1-7-alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Mot
hydrogen.
More preferred are those compounds of formula I-C, wherein R7, R8 and R9 are
Furthermore, compounds of formula 1, wherein R is hydrogen, are preferred.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R2 and R3 independently from each other are
hydrogen or methyl, are also preferred.
Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is
methyl.
Preferred are further compounds of formula I, wherein R is hydrogen.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R5 is hydrogen, Ci-7-alkyl or halogen, are also
preferred.
The integer n is 1, 2 or 3. Preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n is 1.
Further preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n is 2.
10
Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n is 3.
Further preferred compounds are those compounds of formula I, wherein one of R6,
R7 and R8 is
and R10 to R12, R14, R15 and n are as defined herein before.
Especially preferred are those compounds, wherein R12 is C1-7-alkyl or fluoro- C1-7
alkyl.
Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein one of R6, R7 and R8 is
and R'°, R, R13 to R and n are as defined herein before.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R15 is aryl, are preferred. More preferred are
those compounds of formula I, wherein R15 is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted
with one to three groups selected from C1-7-alkyl, C1-7-alkoxy, halogen, fluoro- C1-7-alkyl,
fluoro- C1-7-alkoxy and cyano, with those compounds, wherein R15 is phenyl substituted
with halogen, fluoro- C1-7-alkyl or fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, being particularly preferred.
Examples of preferred compounds of formula I are the following:
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic
acid,
{6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid,
{5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid,
{6-[2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yI}-acetic
acid,
{6-[4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid,
(5-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
{6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid,
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{5-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid tert-butyl ester,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[ 1 -methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic
acid,
{6-[5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid,
(6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
(6-{2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-
indol-l-yl)-acetic acid,
[rac]-2-{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid,
{6-[2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid,
[rac]-2-{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
propionic acid,
(6- {3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy} -indol-1 -yl)-
acetic acid.
Particularly preferred compounds of formula I of the present invention are the
following:
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
(5-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
{6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid,
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
{6-[2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid.
Especially preferred are also the following compounds of formula I of the present
invention:
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid.
Furthermore, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula 1
and the pharmaceutically acceptable esters of the compounds of formula I individually
constitute preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Compounds of formula I can have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and can
exist in the form of optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as, for
example, racemates, optically pure diastereoisomers, mixtures of diastereoisomers,
diastereoisomeric racemates or mixtures of diastereoisomeric racemates. The optically
active forms can be obtained for example by resolution of the racemates, by asymmetric
synthesis or asymmetric chromatography (chromatography with a chiral adsorbens or
eluant). The invention embraces all of these forms.
It will be appreciated, that the compounds of general formula I in this invention
may be derivatised at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of
conversion back to the parent compound in vivo. Physiologically acceptable and
metabolically labile derivatives, which are capable of producing the parent compounds of
general formula I in vivo are also within the scope of this invention.
A further aspect of the present invention is the process for the manufacture of
compounds of formula (I) as defined above, which process comprises
a) reacting a compound of formula
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined as in claim 1 and R6, R7, R8 and
R9 are selected from hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C1-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy- C1-7
alkyl, C1-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro C1-7alkyl, cyano C1-7alkyl, and cyano with the
proviso that one of R6, R7 or R8 is -OH,
with a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein X, Y, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 and n are as defined in claim 1 and R16 is -OH,
-Cl, -Br, -1 or another leaving group, to obtain a compound of formula
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1
is hydrogen;
or, alternatively,
b) reacting a compound of formula
wherein R4 to R9 are as defined as in claim 1,
with a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1 and R17 is halogen, triflate
or another leaving group,
to obtain a compound of formula
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1
is hydrogen.
As described above, the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention can be
used as medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are
modulated by PPAR5 and/or PPARa agonists. Examples of such diseases are diabetes,
particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol
levels, particularly low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride
levels, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood
pressure, endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary
syndrome, inflammatory diseases (such as e.g. Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel
disease, colitis, pancreatitis, cholestasis/fibrosis of the liver, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorders, and diseases that have an inflammatory
component such as e.g. Alzheimer's disease or impaired/improvable cognitive function)
and proliferative diseases (cancers such as e.g. liposarcoma, colon cancer, prostate
cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer). The use as medicament for the treatment of
low HDL cholesterol levels, high LDL cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and the
metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) is preferred.
The invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or adjuvant.
Further, the invention relates to compounds as defined above for use as
therapeutically active substances, particularly as therapeutic active substances for the
treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARa
agonists. Examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly low HDLcholesterol,
high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases,
metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction,
procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorder, and proliferative
diseases.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for the treatment and/or
prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR5 and/or PPARoc agonists, which
method comprises administering a compound of formula (I) to a human or animal.
Preferred examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly low HDLcholesterol,
high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases,
metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction,
procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorder, and proliferative
diseases.
The invention further relates to the use of compounds as defined above for the
treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARoc
agonists. Preferred examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly low HDLcholesterol,
high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases,
metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction,
procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorder, and proliferative
diseases.
In addition, the invention relates to the use of compounds as defined above for the
preparation of medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are
modulated by PPAR6 and/or PPARa agonists. Preferred examples of such diseases are
diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and
cholesterol levels, particularly low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high
triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated
blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic
ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis,
psoriasis and other skin disorder, and proliferative diseases. Such medicaments comprise
a compound as defined above.
The compounds of formula (I) can be manufactured by the methods given below,
by the methods given in the examples or by analogous methods. Appropriate reaction
conditions for the individual reaction steps are known to a person skilled in the art.
Starting materials are either commercially available or can be prepared by methods
analogous to the methods given below, by methods described in references cited in the
text or in the examples, or by methods known in the art.
Compounds of formula (I) (compounds 7 and 8 in scheme 1) can be synthesized
according to the methods depicted in scheme 1 for R8 being equal to
R13
)-(CR10R11)n
R14
.10 D11 r.12 r>13 n!with R , R", R , R , R144, Rr>11 5 and n having the meanings as defined herein before.
The same reaction sequences can be applied to synthesize compounds of formula
(I) where R6 or R7 is equal to
-O- (CR1°R11)n
Scheme 1
(Figure Removed)
-Hydroxyindols 1 and the regioisomeric 4- and 5-hydroxyindols are commercially
available, known or can be synthesized by methods known in the art. The hydroxy
function of compounds 1 can be protected by methods described in the literature, e. g. by
treating them with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of imidazole,
preferably at room temperature in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, to obtain the
corresponding tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers 2 (step a). N-Alkylation of intermediates 2
with carboxylic acid ester 3, where R17 can be equal to e. g. chlorine, bromine, triflate, or
another leaving group, delivers indoles 4 and can be performed by standard technology;
e. g. in the presence of KaCOs or CS2CO3 at temperatures between 10 °C and the reflux
temperature of the solvent in a solvent like acetonitrile or acetone or in the presence of
sodium hydride at temperatures between -10 °C and 50 °C in a solvent like N,Ndimethylformamide
(step b). Ester derivatives 3 are commercially available or can be
synthesized by methods known in the art. Deprotection of indoles 4 by methods
described in the literature, e. g. by treatment with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride at
temperatures between -15 °C and ambient temperature in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran,
provided that the protection group is a silyl ether, gives hydroxyindols 5 (step c).
Pyrazole compounds 6 (prepared as outlined in schemes 3-6) are condensed with
hydroxyindols 5 according to well known procedures: if R16 represents a hydroxy group
e. g. via Mitsunobu-reaction, with triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl-, diisopropyl- or
diethyl-azodicarboxylate as reagents, or by using tributylphosphine and N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl azodicarboxamide; this transformation is preferably carried out in a solvent
like toluene, dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature. Alternatively, if
R16 represents a halide, mesylate or tosylate moiety, the pyrazole compounds 6 can be
reacted with hydroxyindols 5 in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile,
acetone or methyl-ethyl ketone in the presence of a weak base like cesium or potassium
carbonate in a temperature ranging from room temperature to 140 °C, preferably around
50 °C, to yield ether compounds 7 (step d). Those can optionally be hydrolyzed
according to standard procedures, e. g. by treatment with an alkali hydroxide like LiOH
or NaOH in a polar solvent mixture like tetrahydrofuran/ethanol/water leading to
carboxylic acids 8 (step e). If the pyrazole compounds 6 (prepared as described in
schemes 3-6) and/or the hydroxyindols 5 contain chiral centers, ester compounds 7 and
carboxylic acids 8 are obtained as mixtures of diastereomers or enantiomers, which can
be separated by methods well known in the art, e. g. (chiral) HPLC or crystallization.
Carboxylic acid esters 7 can alternatively be synthesized via regioselective
condensation of pyrazoles 6 with hydroxyindols 1 under the conditions given in step d
(step f) and subsequent alkylation of the obtained ethers 9 with alkylating reagents 3 as
described for the synthesis of esters 4 in step b (step g).
6-Hydroxyindoles 1 (scheme 1) and O-protected 6-hydroxyindols 2 (scheme 1) as
well as their regioisomeric 4- and 5-hydroxyindol analogues are known or can be
synthesized by methods known in the art. Examples for possible syntheses of these key
intermediates (compounds 6 and 7 in scheme 2) are given in scheme 2 for R8 in I being
equal to hydroxy or protected hydroxy. Analogous key intermediates where R6 or R7 is
equal to hydroxy or hydroxy carrying a protecting group can be synthesized applying the
same reaction sequence.
Scheme 2
O
Prot.
H/Prot.
Introduction of a protecting group at the nitrogen atom of indols 1 can be
performed under standard conditions, e. g. by deprotonation with a base like nbutyllithium,
preferably at -78 °C, and subsequent addition of e. g. tert-butyldimethylsilyl
chloride at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient temperature in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran (step a). Halogenation of protected indols 2, e. g. through reaction with
N-bromosuccinimide at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient temperature in
solvents like tetrahydrofuran delivers 3-halo indols 3 (step b). Compounds 3 can -
following halogen metal exchange, preferably with tert-butyllithium at -78 °C in solvents
like tetrahydrofuran - be reacted with alkylating reagents 4 with X e. g. being a chlorine,
bromine or iodine atom, preferably with alkyl iodides, at temperatures between -78 °C
and ambient temperature in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, to form indols 5 bearing a
substituent in position 3 (step c). N-Deprotection or simultaneous N- and O-deprotection
of compounds 5 leading to building blocks 6 can be performed by methods described in
the literature, e. g. by treatment with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride at temperatures
between -15 °C and ambient temperature in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran, if the
protecting groups are silyl ethers and/or silylated indoles (step d).
Building blocks 7 carrying a chlorine, bromine or iodine substituent in position 3
can be synthesized by halogenation of indols 1, optionally carrying a protecting group at
the hydroxy function, e. g. by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide at temperatures
between -15 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in solvents like
dichloromethane or chloroform (step e). Alternatively, the same halo-indols 7 can be
obtained via N-deprotection or N- and O-deprotection of indols 3 as described in step d
(step f).
Pyrazoles 6 (scheme 1) are commercially available, known or can be synthesized
by methods known in the art. Representative examples of possible syntheses of these key
intermediates are given in schemes 3-6.
(Figure Removed)
Substituted acetophenones and heteroaryl ketones 1 are commercially available,
known or can be prepared by methods known in the art. Acylation of compounds 1 with
oxalate derivatives can be performed under standard conditions, e. g. with diethyl oxalate
in the presence of a base like sodium ethoxide at temperatures between -78 °C and 50 °C
in solvents like ethanol, or with with lithium hexamethyldisilazide at temperatures
between -78 °C and ambient temperature in solvents like ether, to form after subsequent
acidification free ethyl pyruvates 2 (step a). Alternatively, pyruvates 2 can be synthesized
via i) transforming ketones 1 into the corresponding silyl enol ethers 3, e. g. through
treatment with trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of a base like triethylamine at
temperatures between 0 °C and 40 °C in a solvent like acetonitrile (step b); ii) in situ
formation of a metal enol ether, e. g. with zinc chloride and subsequent acylation with an
acylation reagent like ethyl oxalyl chloride at temperatures between 0 °C and 50 °C in a
solvent like toluene or dichloromethane (step c). Pyruvates 2 can be converted to
regioisomeric pyrazoles 4 and 5 through condensation with monosubstituted hydrazines
F^NNHR12713 which are commercially available, known or can be prepared by methods
known in the art, e. g. at temperatures between ambient temperature and the reflux
temperature of the solvent in solvents like ethanol (step d). Alternatively, pyrazoles 4 and
5 can be synthesized via i) reacting pyruvates 2 with hydrazine, preferably at reflux
temperature in ethanol (step e); ii) conversion of the obtained pyrazole 6 into
regioisomeres 4 and 5 under standard conditions, e. g. through alkylation with an alkyl
halogenide in the presence of a base like potassium hydroxide at temperatures between
-78 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in solvents like ethanol (step f).
Regioisomeric pyrazoles 4 and 5 can easily be separated by techniques well known in the
art, e. g. through column chromatography on silica. Reduction of esters 4 and 5 can be
performed by methods well known in the art, e. g. with lithium aluminium hydride at
temperatures between 0 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvents in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether (step g).
The alcohol compounds 7 and 8 correspond to or can be converted into compounds
of general formula 6 (scheme 1), e. g. by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in
dichloromethane in the presence of a base like triethylamine preferably in a temperature
range between -20 °C and room temperature, or e. g. by reaction with carbon
tetrachloride or carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran, preferably in a temperature range between room temperature and the
reflux temperature of the solvents.
Scheme 4
(Figure Removed)
Reduction of pyrazole esters 1 (compounds 4, 5 and 6 in scheme 3), preferably
using lithium aluminum hydride in a solvent like ether or tetrahydrofuran, preferably
between 0 °C and room temperature, gives primary alohols 2 (step a), which can be used
as such or can be converted into the corresponding halides 3, e. g. by treatment with
methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane in the presence of 2,6-lutidine, preferably
between -20 °C and the reflux temperature of dichloromethane, by treatment with
thionyl chloride in a solvent like dichloromethane or chloroform, preferably at
temperatures between -20 °C and +50 °C, or by treatment with tetrabromomethane and
triphenylphosphine in solvents like tetrahydrofuran at temperatures between 0 °C and the
reflux temperature of tetrahydrofuran (step b). Esters 1 can further be converted into
tertiary alcohols 4 with R10 = R11 through reaction with alkyl organometallic reagents,
preferably using alkyl Grignard compounds in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran or ether,
preferably between -15 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent (step c). Alkohols 4
with R10 not equal to R11 can be prepared by a sequential procedure: i) saponification to
the acid; ii) treatment with RloLi, optionally in the presence of a Cu(I) salt, in ether or
tetrahydrofuran to yield the alkyl ketones -COR10; iii) subsequent reaction with RuLi or
lithium aluminium hydride in ether or tetrahydrofuran (step c). Primary alcohols 2 can be
oxidized to aldehydes 5 by methods known in the art, e. g. by treatment with pyridinium
chlorochromate in dichloromethane, preferably at temperatures between room
temperature and the reflux temperature of dichloromethane, or by treatment with
manganese dioxide in solvents like dichloromethane, preferably at room temperature
(step d). These aldehydes 5 can be converted to the corresponding secondary alcohols 6
through reaction with alkyl organometallic compounds, preferably under the conditions
given for the transformation of esters 1 to tertiary alcohols 4 (step e). Ketones 7 can be
obtained from secondary alcohols 6 by methods known in the art, e. g. by treatment with
Cr(VI) reagents like the Jones reagent (Jones et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 2548.) (step f).
These ketones 7 can be reduced back to the corresponding secondary alcohols 6 in an
enantioselective fashion leading to the (R)- or (S)-alcohols 6, e. g. by treatment with
borane-dimethylsulfide complex and (S)- or (R)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine as chiral
catalyst in tetrahydrofuran, preferably at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient
temperature, according to Corey et al. (E. J. Corey, R. K. Bakshi, S. Shibata, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5551-5553), or by treatment with (+)- or (-)-Bchlorodiisopinocampheylborane
(DIP-C1), according to Brown et al. (P. V.
Ramachandran, B. Gong, A. V. Teodorovic, H. C. Brown, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
1994, 5, 1061-1074) (step g). Ketones 7 can in addition be converted to the
corresponding tertiary alcohols 4 through reaction with alkyl organometallic compounds,
preferably under the conditions given for the transformation of esters 1 to tertiary
alcohols 4 in step c (step h). If the alcohol compounds 2, 4, or 6 contain one or more
chiral centers and are not optically pure, they can optionally be separated into optically
pure antipodes by methods well known in the art, e. g. chromatography on a chiral HPLC
column, or by derivatization with an optically pure acid to form esters, which can then be
separated by conventional HPLC chromatography and converted back to the original
alcohol.
The alcohol compounds 2, 4, and 6, and the halide compound 3, correspond to or
can be converted into compounds of general formula 6 (scheme 1), e. g. by treatment
with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane in the presence of a base like
triethylamine preferably in a temperature range between -20 °C and room temperature,
or e. g. by reaction with carbon tetrachloride or carbon tetrabromide and
triphenylphosphine in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, preferably in a temperature range
between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvents.
Scheme 5
(Figure Removed)
Pyrazole alkanols 1 with a chain length of n carbon atoms can be converted into
analogues with a chain length of n+1 carbon atoms by methods well known in the art, e.
g. by conversion of the primary alcohol function into a suitable leaving group, e. g. a
halide (step a), reaction with cyanide ion (step b), saponification (step c) followed by
reduction of the acid formed (compounds 4) to the primary alcohols 5, e. g. by using
diborane in tetrahydrofuran (step d). In order to introduce substituents R10 and/or R"
different from hydrogen, cyano intermediates 3 of this elongation process can be reacted
with alkyl Grignard reagents R10MgX in solvents like ether or tetrahydrofuran between 0
°C and the reflux temperature of the solvent to form the corresponding RIOCO- alkyl
ketones, which upon treatment with an alkyllithium reagent RuLi or lithium aluminum
hydride in solvents like ether or tetrahydrofuran give alcohols 5. RIOCO- alkyl ketones
can also be reduced, e. g. by treatment with sodium borohydride in alcohol, preferably at
temperatures between -15 °C and 40 °C. This reaction can also be carried out in an
enantioselective fashion leading to the (R)- or (S)-alcohols 5, e. g. by treatment with
borane-dimethylsulfide complex and (S)- or (R)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine as chiral
catalyst in tetrahydrofuran, preferably at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient
temperature according to Corey et al. (E. J. Corey, R. K. Bakshi, S. Shibata, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5551-5553), or by treatment with (+)- or (-)-Bchlorodiisopinocampheylborane
(DIP-C1), according to Brown et al. (P. V.
Ramachandran, B. Gong, A. V. Teodorovic, H. C. Brown, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
1994, 5, 1061-1074). Alternatively, alcohol compounds 5 which contain one or more
chiral centers can optionally be separated into optically pure antipodes by methods well
known in the art, e. g. chromatography on a chiral HPLC column, or by derivatization
with an optically pure acid to form esters, which can then be separated by conventional
HPLC and converted back to the original alcohol. The alcohol compounds 5 correspond
to or can be transformed into compounds of general formula 6 (scheme 1), e. g. by
treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane in the presence of a base
like triethylamine, preferably in a temperature range between -20 °C and room
temperature, or e. g. by reaction with carbon tetrachloride or carbon tetrabromide and
triphenylphosphine in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, preferably in a temperature range
between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvents.
Scheme 6
(Figure Removed)
lcohols 1 (compounds 6 with R14 = H and R16= OH in scheme 1, compounds 7 and 8
with R14 = H in scheme 3, compounds 2, 4 and 6 with R14 = H in scheme 4, compounds 1
and 5 with R14 = H in scheme 5) can be protected by methods known in the literature, e.
g. by treating them with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of imidazole,
preferably at room temperature in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, to obtain the
corresponding tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers 2 (step a). Halogenation of protected
pyrazoles 2, e. g. through reaction with bromine preferably at temperatures between 0 °C
and ambient temperature in solvents like dichloromethane delivers 4-halo pyrazoles 3
(step b). Compounds 3 can - following halogen metal exchange, preferably with tertbutyllithium
at -78 °C in solvents like tetrahydrofuran - be reacted with alkylating
reagents 4 with X e. g. being a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, preferably with alkyl
iodides, at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient temperature in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran, to form pyrazoles 5 bearing a substituent in position 4 (step c).
Alternatively, transition metal catalyzed reactions can be used to transform 4-halo
pyrazoles 3 into compounds 5, e. g. by treatment with a stannane (X being trialkyl
stannyl) in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst like [Pd2(dba)3] and triphenyl arsine at
temperatures between 0 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in solvents like
dioxane. Residues R14 can further be introduced by i) formylation of pyrazoles 2 through
methods well known in the art, e. g. with phosphorus oxychloride and N,Ndimethylformamide
preferably at temperatures between 0 °C and 100 °C; ii) subsequent
transformation of the intermediate formyl pyrazole to 4-substituted pyrazoles 5, e. g.
through reduction with sodium cyano borohydride in the presence of zinc iodide at
temperatures between -78 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in solvents like
diethyl ether (step d). O-Deprotection of compounds 5 leading to building blocks 6 can
be performed by methods described in the literature, e. g. by treatment with tetrabutyl
ammonium fluoride at temperatures between -15 °C and ambient temperature in a
solvent like tetrahydrofuran, if the protecting groups are silyl ethers (step e). The alcohol
compounds 6 correspond to or can be transformed into compounds of general formula 6
(scheme 1), e. g. by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane in the
presence of a base like triethylamine, preferably in a temperature range between -20 °C
and room temperature, or e. g. by reaction, with carbon tetrachloride or carbon
tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, preferably in a
temperature range between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvents.
The following tests were carried out in order to determine the activity of the
compounds of formula (I).
Background information on the performed assays can be found in: Nichols JS et al.
"Development of a scintillation proximity assay for peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor gamma ligand binding domain", (1998) A'nal. Biochem. 257: 112-119.
Full-length cDNA clones for humans PPAR8 and PPARa and mouse PPARy were
obtained by RT-PCR from human adipose and mouse liver cRNA, respectively, cloned
into plasmid vectors and verified by DNA sequencing. Bacterial and mammalian
expression vectors were constructed to produce glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and Gal4
DNA binding domain proteins fused to the ligand binding domains (LBD) of PPAR5 (aa
139 to 442), PPARy (aa 174 to 476) and PPARa (aa 167 to 469). To accomplish this, the
portions of the cloned sequences encoding the LBDs were amplified from the full-length
clones by PCR and then subcloned into the plasmid vectors. Final clones were verified by
DNA sequence analysis.
Induction, expression, and purification of GST-LBD fusion proteins were
performed in E. coli strain BL21(pLysS) cells by standard methods (Ref: Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley Press, edited by Ausubel et al.).
Radioligand Binding Assay
PPAR5 receptor binding was assayed in HNM10 (50mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 10 mM
NaCl, 5mM MgCl2, 0.15 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 15 mM DTT). For each 96 well
reaction a 500 ng equivalent of GST-PPAR8-LBD fusion protein and radioligand, e.g.
20000 dpm {2-methyl-4-[4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-thiazol-5-ylditritiomethylsulfanyl]-
phenoxy}-acetic acid, was bound to 10 |j.g SPA beads
(PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 u.1 by shaking. The resulting slurry was
incubated for Ih at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The supernatant containing
unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containing the receptor-coated
beads was resuspended in 50 ul of HNM. Radioligand was added and the reaction
incubated at RT for Ih and scintillation proximity counting performed in the presence of
test compounds was determined. All binding assays were performed in 96 well plates and
the amount of bound ligand was measured on a Packard TopCount using OptiPlates
(Packard). Dose response curves were done in triplicates within a range of concentration
from 10'loMto lO^M.
PPARa receptor binding was assayed in TKE50 (50mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 50 mM
KCI, 2mM EDTA, 0.1 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 10 mM DTT). For each 96 well
reaction an 140 ng equivalent of GST-PPARa-LBD fusion protein was bound to 10 |j.g
SPA beads (PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 jal by shaking. The resulting
slurry was incubated for Ih at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The supernatant
containing unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containig the recptorcoated
beads was resolved in 50 u.1 of TKE. For radioligand binding e.g. 10000 dpm of
2(S)-(2-benzoyl-phenylamino)-3-{4-[l,l-ditritio-2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-oxazol-4-yl)-
ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid or 2,3-ditritio-2(S)-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-
phenyl-oxazol-4-yl)-ethoxy]-benzo[b]thiophen-7-yl}-propionic acid in 50 ul were added,
the reaction incubated at RT for Ih and scintillation proximity counting performed. All
binding assays were performed in 96 well plates and the amount of bound ligand
measured on a Packard TopCount using OptiPlates (Packard). Nonspecific binding was
determined in the presence of 10"4 M unlabelled compound. Dose response curves were
done in triplicates within a range of concentration from 10"'° M to 10"4 M.
PPARy receptor binding was assayed in TKE50 (50mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 50 mM
KC1, 2mM EDTA, 0.1 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 10 mM DTT). For each 96 well
reaction an 140 ng equivalent of GST-PPARy-LBD fusion protein was bound to 10 u.g
SPA beads (PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 ul by shaking. The resulting
slurry was incubated for Ih at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The supernatant
containing unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containig the recptorcoated
beads was resolved in 50 ul of TKE. For radioligand binding e.g. 10000 dpm
2(S)-(2-benzoyl-phenylamino)-3-{4-[l,l-ditritio-2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-oxazol-4-yl)-
ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid in 50 u.1 were added, the reaction incubated at RT for Ih
and scintillation proximity counting performed. All binding assays were performed in 96
well plates and the amount of bound ligand measured on a Packard TopCount using
OptiPlates (Packard). Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 10"4 M
unlabelled compound. Dose response curves were done in triplicates within a range of
concentration from 10"'° M to 10"4 M.
Luciferase Transcriptional Reporter Gene Assays
Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21 ATCC CCL10) were grown in DMEM
medium containing 10% FBS at 37 °C in a 95%O2:5%CO2 atmosphere. Cells were
seeded in 6 well plates at a density of 105 Cells/well and then batch-transfected with
either the pFA-PPAR5-LBD, pFA-PPARy-LBD or pFA-PPARa-LBD expression
plasmids plus a reporter plasmid. Transfection was accomplished with the Fugene 6
reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) according to the suggested protocol. Six hours
following transfection, the cells were harvested by trypsinization and seeded in 96 well
plates at a density of 104 cells/well. After 24 hours to allow attachment of cells, the
medium was removed and replaced with 100 ul of phenol red-free medium containing
the test substances or control ligands (final DMSO concentration: 0.1%). Following
incubation of the cells for 24 hours with substances, 50 u.1 of the supernatant was was
Biochemicals) to lyse the cells and initiate the luciferase reaction was added.
Luminescence for luciferase was measured in a Packard TopCount. Transcriptional
activation in the presence of a test substance was expressed as fold-activation over cells
incubated in the absence of the substance. EC50 values were calculated using the XLfit
program (ID Business Solutions Ltd. UK).
The free acids of the compounds of the present invention (R1 is hydrogen) exhibit
IC50 values of 0.1 nM to 10 uJVl, preferably 1 nM to 500 nM for PPAR8 and/or IC50
values of 1 nM to 10 ^iM , preferably 10 nM to 5 u,M for PPARa. Compounds, in which
R1 is not hydrogen are converted in vivo to compounds in which R1 is hydrogen. The
following table 1 shows measured values for some selected compounds of the present
invention.
(Table Removed)
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and
esters can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations for
enteral, parenteral or topical administration. They can be administered, for example,
perorally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine
capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories,
parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions or infusion solutions, or topically, e.g.
in the form of ointments, creams or oils.
The production of the pharmaceutical preparations can be effected in a manner
which will be familiar to any person skilled in the art by bringing the described
compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable, into a galenical
administration form together with suitable, non-toxic, inert, therapeutical ly compatible
solid or liquid carrier materials and, if desired, usual pharmaceutical adjuvants.
Suitable carrier materials are not only inorganic carrier materials, but also organic
carrier materials. Thus, for example, lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc,
stearic acid or its salts can be used as carrier materials for tablets, coated tablets, dragees
and hard gelatine capsules. Suitable carrier materials for soft gelatine capsules are, for
example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats and semi-solid and liquid polyols (depending on the
nature of the active ingredient no carriers are, however, required in the case of soft
gelatine capsules). Suitable carrier materials for the production of solutions and syrups
are, for example, water, polyols, sucrose, invert sugar and the like. Suitable carrier
materials for injection solutions are, for example, water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol and
vegetable oils. Suitable carrier materials for suppositories are, for example, natural or
hardened oils, waxes, fats and semi-liquid or liquid polyols. Suitable carrier materials for
topical preparations are glycerides, semi-synthetic and synthetic glycerides, hydrogenated
oils, liquid waxes, liquid paraffins, liquid fatty alcohols, sterols, polyethylene glycols and
cellulose derivatives.
Usual stabilizers, preservatives, wetting and emulsifying agents, consistencyimproving
agents, flavour-improving agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure,
buffer substances, solubilizers, colorants and masking agents and antioxidants come into
consideration as pharmaceutical adjuvants.
The dosage of the compounds of formula (I) can vary within wide limits depending
on the disease to be controlled, the age and the individual condition of the patient and the
mode of administration, and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in
each particular case. For adult patients a daily dosage of about 1 mg to about 1000 mg,
especially about 1 mg to about lOOmg, comes into consideration. Depending on the
dosage it is convenient to administer the daily dosage in several dosage units.
The pharmaceutical preparations conveniently contain about 0.1-500 mg,
preferably 0.5-100 mg, of a compound of formula (I).
The following examples serve to illustrate the present invention in more detail.
They are, however, not intended to limit its scope in any manner.
Examples
Abbreviations:
AcOEt = ethyl acetate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, DMPU = l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-
tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone, LDA = lithium diisopropylamide, MeOH = methanol,
quant. = quantitative, RT = room temperature, THF = tetrahydrofuran.
Example 1
al f5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-vl]-rnethanol
A solution of 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
(160 mg, 0.56 mmol; PCX Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2004000785 A2) in tetrahydrofuran
(2.5 ml) was added to a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (43 mg, 1.13 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (2.5 ml) under an argon atmosphere at ambient temperature within 5 min.
The mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h, cooled to 0 °C and treated cautiously with
water (2 ml) and 10 % aqueous NaOH (0.5 ml). The reaction mixture was filtered over
celite, ice water/ethyl acetate 1/1 was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous
layer was extracted one more time with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layers were
washed with ice water/brine 1/1 and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of the solvent
under reduced pressure gave 81 mg (0.33 mmol, 59 %) of the title compound as white
solid.
MS: 243.1 (M+H)+.
b] 3-Chloromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pvrazole
To a solution of [5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (40 mg,
0.17 mmol) in chloroform (4 ml) was added thionyl chloride (0.34 ml, 4.7 mmol) at 0 °C
under an argon atmosphere. The solution was stirred at 40 °C for 2 h and at 60 °C for
10 min. The mixture was poured onto ice water/aqueous NaHCOs 1/1, extracted two
times with dichloromethane and the combinded extracts were dried over sodium sulfate.
Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 43 mg (0.165 mmol, 97 %) of
the title compound as white crystals.
c] [6-(tert-Butyl-dimethvl-silanvloxv')-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid tert-butyl ester
To an ice cold solution of 6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole (13 g,
52.5 mmol) and cesium carbonate (18.8 g, 57.8 mmol) in DMF (130 ml) under an argon
atmosphere was added bromo-acetic acid tert-butyl ester (8.5 ml, 57.8 mmol). The
mixture was naturally warmed to room temperature, stirred for 14 h, poured onto 2 N
HCl/ice water 1/1 and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic
layers were washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed
under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel,
heptane/AcOEt) to give 14.3 g (39.6 mmol, 75 %) of the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 362.4 (M+H)+.
d] (6-Hydroxy-indol-l-vlVacetic acid tert-butyl ester
To an ice cooled solution of [6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid
tert-butyl ester (4.2 g, 11.6 mmol) in THF (24 ml) was added a 1 M solution of
tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (11.6 ml, 11.6 mmol) within 15 min. The reaction
mixture was stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature, poured onto 1 N HCl/ice water 171
and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed
with brine/ice water 1/1 and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under
reduced pressure to give 3.4 g (quant.) of the title compound as brown oil which was
used in the next step without further purification.
MS: 265.5 (M+NH4)+, 248.4 (M+H)+.
e] {6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-lH-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv]-indol-l-yl|-acetic acid
tert-butyl ester
A mixture of (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester (37 mg, 0.15 mmol), 3-
chloromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole (43 mg, 0.16 mmol), cesium
carbonate (54 mg, 0.16 mmol) and a trace of potassium iodide were suspended in N,Ndimethylformamide
(4 ml). The suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 14 h
and for 4 h at 80 °C. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue
dissolved in 1 N HCl/ice water 1/1 and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers
were washed two times with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column chromatography
(silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 5 mg (10 jamol, 7 %) of the title compound as orange
oil.
f| {6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-lH-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-yl|-acetic acid
To a solution of {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid tert-butyl ester (5 mg, 10 umol) in THF/methanol 2/1 (750 |il) was added 1 N
aqueous LiOH solution (600 (4.1). The reaction mixture was stirred for 14 h at ambient
temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 1 N
HC I/ice water 1/1 and ethyl acetate, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with ice
water/brine 1/1, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to
give the title compound (3 mg, 7 u.mol, 68 %) as brown crystals.
MS: 412.2 (M-H)'.
Example 2
al 5-(4-Chloro-phenvn-2.4-dimethvl-2H-pvrazole-3-carboxvlic acid ethyl ester and 5-(4-
chloro-phenyl)-1.4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxvlic acid ethyl ester
5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (58 mg,
0.22 mmol; PCT Int. Appl. (1997), WO 9721682 Al) was added to a solution of KOH
(15 mg, 0.27 mmol) in absolute ethanol (1.6 ml). The solution was stirred at ambient
temperature for 15 min. Methyl iodide (30 u.1, 0.44 mmol) was added and the reaction
solution was heated under reflux for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the residue dissolved in brine/ice water 1/1 and ethyl acetate. The layers
were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The
combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The
solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 29 mg (0.1 mmol, 47 %) 5-(4-
chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless
crystals and 22 mg (0.08 mmol, 36 %) 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-3-
carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS: 279.0
(M+H)+.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS: 279.0
b] [5-(4-Chloro-phenvn-2.4-dimethvl-2H-Dvrazol-3-vl1-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-
dimethyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride to give [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as
colorless crystals.
MS: 236.9 (M+H)+.
c] 5-Chloromethyl-3-(4-chloro-phenyn-l,4-dimethyl-lH-pvrazole
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-
dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol was reacted with thionyl chloride for 20 min at 0 °C
to give 5-chloromethyl-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole as yellow oil.
MS: 255.1 (M+H)+.
d] [6-(tert-Butyl-dimethvl-silanvloxv)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of 6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole (1 g, 4.04 mmol)
and cesium carbonate (1.45 g, 4.45 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) under an argon atmosphere
was added bromo-acetic acid ethyl ester (490 u.1, 4.45 mmol). The mixture was naturally
warmed to room temperature, stirred for 14 h, poured onto 1 N HCl/ice water 1/1 and
extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with
water and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure
and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give
1.2 g (3.6 mmol, 89 %) of the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 334.3 (M+H)+.
e] (6-Hvdroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of [6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl
ester (1.15 g, 3.45 mmol) in THF (11.5 ml) was added a 1 M solution of
tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (3.45 ml, 3.45 mmol) within 15 min. The reaction
mixture was stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature, poured onto 1 N HCl/ice water 1/1
and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed
with brine/ice water 1/1 and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under
reduced pressure and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel,
heptane/AcOEt) to give 590 mg (2.7 mmol, 78 %) of the title compound as colorless
crystals.
MS: 219.0 (M)+, 146.0.
f] {6-[5-(4-Chloro-phenvl)-2.4-dimethvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-vl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester was reacted with 5-chloromethyl-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l,4-dimethyl-lHpyrazole
in the presence of cesium carbonate and potassium iodide in acetone to give {6-
[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl
ester as yellow crystals.
MS: 438.1 (M+H)+.
g] {6-[5-(4-Chloro-phenvn-2.4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-
dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with
LiOH to obtain {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid as colorless crystals.
MS: 410.3 (M+H)+.
Example 3
a] 2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and
l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 a], 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lHpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2004000785 A2) was
reacted with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium hydroxide to give 2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and l-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, both as colorless
crystals.
2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS:
299.2 (M+H)+.
l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyI-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:_MS:
299.2 (M+H)+.
b] [2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylV2H-pvrazol-3-vn-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride to give [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as
white crystals.
MS: 243.1 (M+H)+.
c] (6-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yUacetic
acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (35 mg, 160
l^mol; example 2 e]), [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol
(41 mg, 160 |j.mol) and tributylphosphine (50 (il, 19 (imol) in tetrahydrofuran (3.5 ml)
was added N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide (33 mg, 19 u,tnol). The cooling bath
was removed and stirring continued for 14 h. The mixture was filtered over celite and the
solvent removed under reduced pressure to give a brown oil which was purified by
column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to obtain 22 mg (50 urnol, 30 %) of
the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 458.3 (M+H)+.
dl (6-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-2H-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indol-l-yUacetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as brown crystals.
MS: 428.5 (M-H)'.
Example 4
a] 3-(4-Chloro-benzovn-2-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester
Under anhydrous conditions, a solution of potassium t-butoxide (292 mg, 2.6 mmol) in
diethyl ether (100 ml) was cooled to -78 °C and stirred for 10 min under an argon
atmosphere. Commercial 2 M LDA in heptane/THF/ethyl benzene (13 ml, 26 mmol) was
added by syringe and the mixture stirred for 15 min. 4-Chlorobutyrophenone (5 g,
26 mmol) in diethyl ether (35 ml) was added dropwise over 30 min with stirring. After a
further 30 min, diethyl oxalate (3.53 ml, 26 mmol) was added in one portion. The cooling
bath was removed and the reaction stirred for 2.5 h after reaching ambient temperature.
After standing 3 days, the precipitated brown solid was filtered. The solid was partitioned
between 1 M HCI and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted two times with
ethyl acetate, the combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over sodium
sulfate. Evaporation of the solid gave 740 mg (4.6 mmol, 18 %) of the title compound as
orange oil.
b] 5-(4-Chloro-phenylV4-ethvl-lH-pvrazole-3-carboxvlic acid ethyl ester
Hydrazine monohydrate (0.13 ml, 3 mmol) was added at ambient temperature to a
solution of 3-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-2-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (740 mg, 3 mmol) in
ethanol (4 ml) under an argon atmosphere. The solution was stirred for 8 h at reflux
temperature, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned
between 1 M HCl/ice water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted two times
with ethyl acetate, the combined extracts were washed with brine (3 times) and dried
over sodium sulfate. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure left an orange oil
which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 355
mg (1.27 mmol, 49 %) of the title compound as yellow crystals.
MS: 278.1 (M+H)+.
c] 5-(4-Chloro-phenvlV4-ethvl-2-methvl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethvl-l-methyl-lH-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 a], 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-lHpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reacted with methyl iodide in the presence of
potassium hydroxide to to give 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-
carboxylic acid ethyl ester as yellow crystals and 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-l-methyllH-
pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as yellow oil.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS:
293.0 (M+H)+.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS:
332.3 (M+K)+.
dl r5-(4-Chloro-phenvn-4-ethvl-2-methvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride to give [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as
colorless crystals.
MS:251.0(M+H)+.
el (645-(4-Chloro-phenvn-4-ethvl-2-methvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indol-l-vUacetic
acid tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid tert-butyl ester (example 1 d]) was reacted with [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 480.3 (M+H)+.
f] {6-[5-(4-Chloro-phenvn-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yU-acetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-
2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester was treated
with LiOH to obtain (6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid as brown crystals.
MS: 422.1 (M-H)'.
Example 5
a] 5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 5-(4-
chloro-phenyn-1-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 a], 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-lHpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (T. van Herk et al., J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 3945-
3951) was reacted with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium hydroxide to to give
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless
crystals and 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as
colorless oil.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS: 265.0
(M+H)+.
5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS: 265.0
(M+H)+.
bl r5-(4-Chloro-phenvlV2-methvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vn-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(4-chIoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-
2H-pyrazoIe-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium hydride
to give [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as colorless crystals.
MS: 223.2 (M+H)+.
c] (6-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyn-2-methvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxyVindol-l-vU-acetic acid
tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid tert-butyl ester (example 1 d]) was reacted with [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 452.3 (M+H)+.
d] {6-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyn-2-methvl-2M-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv]-indol-l-vl}-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 f], {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester was treated with
LiOH to obtain {6-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid as off-white crystals.
MS: 394,1 (M-H)'.
Example 6
al [5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-1 H-pvrazol-3-vl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyllH-
pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium hydride
to give [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yI]-methanol as white solid.
b] (5-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl')-l-methvl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-vU-acetic acid
tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid tert-butyl ester (example 1 d]) was reacted with [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-1Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give {5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as colorless solid.
MS: 452.3 (M+H)+.
cl (S-tS^-Chloro-phenvn-l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-S-vlmethoxvl-indol-l-vll-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-lmethyl-
lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester was treated with
LiOH to obtain {5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid as colorless solid.
MS: 396.1 (M+H)+.
Example 7
al 2-Ethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxvlic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 a], 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lHpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2004000785 A2) was
reacted with ethyl iodide in the presence of potassium hydroxide to to give 2-ethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazoIe-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals.
b] [2-Ethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pvrazol-3-yl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride to give [2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as
colorless crystals.
MS: 271.1 (M+H)+.
cl (6-[2-Ethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-yU-acetic
acid tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid tert-butyl ester (example 1 d]) was reacted with [2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 500.4 (M+H)+.
dl (6-[2-Ethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-yU-acetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester was treated with
LiOH to obtain {6-[2-ethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid as yellow crystals.
MS: 442.3 (M-H)'.
Example 8
a] 5-(tert-Butvl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyn-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-lHpyrazole
tert-Butylchlorodimethylsilane (32 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled solution
of [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (50 mg, 0.2 mmol;
example 3 b]) and imidazole (15 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) under an argon
atmosphere. After stirring at ambient temperature for 14 h, the mixture was quenched
with ice water (5 ml) and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts
were washed with ice water and brine and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of the
solvent under reduced pressure left yellow crystals which were purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 55 mg (0.15 mmol, 76 %) of the title
compound as colorless crystals.
MS:371.3(M+H)+.
b] 4-Bromo-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanvloxvmethvl)-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
1 H-pyrazole
A solution of 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-!
H-pyrazole (162 mg, 437 u,mol) in dichloromethane (1.7 ml) was added within
10 min to a mixture of bromine (20 |j,l, 480 |o.mol) and sodium carbonate (93 mg,
880 (amol) in dichloromethane (4.3 ml) at 0 °C under an argon atmosphere. After stirring
at 0 to 5 °C for 1 h and then at ambient temperature for 1 h, the mixture was quenched
with water (5 ml) and extracted two times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts
were washed with aqueous saturated NaHSOj solution and brine/ice water 1/1 and dried
over sodium sulfate. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure left off-white
crystals which were purified by column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to
give 90 mg (0.2 mmol, 46 %) of the title compound as colorless crystals.
c] [4-Bromo-2-methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenyl')-2H-pyrazol-3-vl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 e], 4-bromo-5-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-
l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole was treated with
tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF to yield [4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as yellow oil.
MS: 335.1 (M+H)+.
d] {6-[4-Bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenyl)-2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-
1-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as
colorless crystals.
MS: 536.3 (M+H)+.
e] {6-[4-Bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxv1-indol-
1-yl)-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[4-bromo-2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as colorless crystals.
MS: 508.2 (M-H)~.
Example 9
a] 5-Chloromethvl-l-methvl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvn-lH-pvrazole
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (example 3 b]) was reacted with thionyl chloride in
hloroform to yield 5-chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole
as yellow oil.
bl [2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-acetonitrile
Tetrabutylammonium cyanide (1.96 g, 7 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-
chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole (1.54 g, 6 mmol) in
acetonitrile (35 ml). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution/ice water 1/1 and ethyl acetate were added and the
layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined
organic layers were washed with ice water/brine 1/1, dried over sodium sulfate and the
solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give an orange oil which was purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, n-heptane/AcOEt) to yield 267 mg (1 mmol, 18 %) of the
title compound as yellow crystals.
MS: 266.0 (M+H)+.
c] [2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-acetic acid
A mixture of [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetonitrile
(267 mg, 1 mmol), sodium hydroxide (403 mg, 10 mmol), water (4 ml) and ethanol (4
ml) was stirred vigorously at 85 °C for 14 h. The reaction mixture was poured onto
crushed ice and aqueous HC1 and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined
extracts were washed with water and brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 286 mg (1 mmol, quant.) of the
title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 283.1 (M-H)'.
d] 2-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-ethanol
A solution of [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetic acid
(286 mg, 1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) was treated at 0 °C with a 1 M solution of
BHsTHF in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 ml, 3 mmol). The cooling bath was removed and the
reaction mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. Careful quenching with MeOH
and ice water, twofold extraction with AcOEt, washing with ice water/brine 1/1, drying
over magnesium sulfate, and evaporation of the solvent left a crude product which was
refluxed for 30 min in MeOH to liberate quantitatively the free alcohol. The solvent was
evaporated in vacuo to yield 273 mg (1 mmol, quant.) of the title compound as colorless
crystals.
MS: 271.1 (M+H)+.
e] (6-{2-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-ethoxy|-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with 2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethanol in the presence of di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate and
triphenylphosphine to give (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals.
MS: 472.1 (M+H)+.
f| (6-|2-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-ethoxv>-indol-l-vl)-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 fj, (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid as yellow crystals.
MS: 442.4 (M-H)'.
Example 10
a] 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-1.4-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
IH-pyrazole
A 1.5 M solution of tert-butyllithium in pentane (0.5 ml, 748 jamol) was added dropwise
to a solution of 4-bromo-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-l-methyl-3-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole (280 mg, 623 u.mol; example 8 b]) in THF (2 ml) at
-78 °C under an argon atmosphere. After 15 min methyl iodide (177 mg, 1.2 mmol) was
added at -78 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for another 30 min at -78 °C and then
for 2 h at RT. After quenching with saturated aqueous NaHCOs solution the reaction
mixture was partitioned between tert-butyl methyl ether and water. The ether phase was
dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 240 mg (620 urnol, quant.)
5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-l,4-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lHpyrazole
as yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
bl [2,4-Dimethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 e], 5-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxym
ethyl)-! ,4-dimethyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole was treated
with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF to yield [2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as yellow oil.
MS: 271.1 (M+H)+.
c] (6-[2,4-Dimethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxv]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as yellow oil.
d] {6-[2.4-Dimethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxy]-indol-l-vUacetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazoI-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as yellow solid.
MS: 442.2 (M-H)".
Example 11
a] (Z)-2-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
A solution of l-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone (5 g, 24 mmol) and diethyl oxalate
(3.25 ml, 24 mmol) in ethanol (5 ml) was added within 20 min to an ice cooled solution
of metallic sodium (552 mg, 24 mmol) in ethanol (15 ml) under an argon atmosphere.
The cooling bath was removed and the reaction stirred 30 min after reaching ambient
temperature. After standing 14 h, the precipitated yellow solid was filtered. The solid was
partitioned between 1 M HC I/ice water 1/1 and tert butyl methyl ether. The aqueous layer
was extracted two times with tert butyl methyl ether, the combined extracts were washed
with brine/ice water 1/1 and dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solid gave
7.2 g (23.8 mmol, 99 %) of the title compound as orange crystals.
MS: 305.0 (M+H)+.
b] 5-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 4 b], (Z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester was reacted with hydrazine
monohydrate in ethanol under reflux conditions to give 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as yellow crystals.
MS:301.0(M+H)+.
c] 2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and
l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvlHH-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 2 a], 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reacted with methyl iodide in the presence
of potassium hydroxide to to give 2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as white crystals and l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as yellow oil.
2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS:
315.0(M+H)+.
d] [2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride to give [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as
white crystals.
MS: 273.1 (M+H)+.
e] {6-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvlV2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-vUacetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [2-methyl-5-(4-trif!uoromethoxy-
phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as yellow crystals.
MS: 474.0 (M+H)+.
f| (6-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-vUacetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as off-white crystals.
MS: 495.3 (M+H)+.
Example 12
a] 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethvl-silanvloxy)-1 H-indole
A solution of 5-hydroxy-indole (5 g, 38 mmol), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (6.13 g,
39.4 mmol) and imidazole (5.37 g, 68.1 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) was stirred for 20 h at
RT. Diethyl ether was added and the mixture was washed wih IN HC1 and water. The
organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give 9.4 g (38 mmol, quant.) 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole.
MS: 248.1 (M+H)+.
bl r5-(tert-Butyl-dimethvl-silanvloxv)-indol-l-vl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
A suspension of 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole (9.2 g, 37.2 mmol), ethyl
bromoacetate (4.79 ml, 40.9 mmol) and cesium carbonate (36.4 g, 111.5 mmol) in DMF
(140 ml) was stirred for 3 h at RT. Diethyl ether was added and the mixture was washed
with IN HC1 and water, and dried over sodium sulfate. The ether phase was concentrated
under reduced pressure to give 12.9 g (quant.) of [5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-
indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester which was used in the next step without further
purification.
MS: 334.1 (M+H)+.
cl (5-Hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of [5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl
ester (12.9 g, 38.7 mmol) in THF (130 ml) was added tetrabutylammonium fluoride
hydrate (12.5 g, 38.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at RT, diluted with
diethyl ether and washed with .IN HC1 and water. Evaporation of the solvent under
reduced pressure gave 7.07 g (32.2 mmol, 83 %) (S-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl
ester.
MS: 220.1 (M+H)+.
d] {5-r2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxv]-indol-l-yUacetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (S-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester was reacted with [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give {5-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 474.0 (M+H)+.
e] {5-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxv]-indol-l-vl}-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {5-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain {5-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as yellow foam.
MS: 446.0 (M+H)+.
Example 13
a] 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid
ethyl ester
Sodium hydride (55 % dispersion in mineral oil, 203 mg, 5 mmol) was added to an ice
cooled solution of 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
(1 g, 4 mmol; PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2004000785 A2) in DMF (60 ml) under an
argon atmosphere. The solution was stirred for 10 min at 0 °C and for 40 min at ambient
temperature. Trifluoroethyltriflate (1.07 g, 5 mmol) was added and the mixture was
stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature. The solution was cooled to 0 °C, 1 N HCl/ice
water 1/2 and dichloromethane were added. The aqueous layer was extracted two times
with dichloromethane, the combined extracts were washed with brine/ice water 1/1 and
dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave yellow
crystals which were purified by column chromatography (silica gel, n-heptane/AcOEt) to
yield 833 mg (2.27 mmol, 65 %) of the title compound as colorless crystals.
b] [2-(2,2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with
lithium aluminium hydride to give [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as colorless crystals.
MS: 324.0 (M)+.
c] (6-r2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-
indol-1-vl} -acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-
5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
as colorless oil.
MS: 526.0 (M+H)+.
d] (6-[2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-Dhenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-
indol-1-vl} -acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 f], {6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as off-white crystals.
MS: 498.3 (M+H)+.
Example 14
a] 6-Benzyloxv-4-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid
A 2 M solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol (0.48 ml, 0.97 mmol) was added to a
solution of 6-benzyloxy-4-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg,
0.32 mmol; PCT Int. Appl. (2001), WO 2001044186 Al) in ethanol (1 ml). The mixture
was heated at reflux for 1.5 h, acidified with 1 N HC1 and extracted two times with ethyl
acetate. The combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate.
Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 90 mg (0.32 mmol, 99 %) of the
title compound as yellow crystals.
b] 6-Benzyloxy-4-methvl-1 H-indole
A suspension of 6-benzyloxy-4-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid (28 mg, 0.95 mmol)
and copper chromite (19 mg, 0.06 mmol) in quinoline (1.4 ml) was heated at 230 °C
(bath temp.) for 1.5 h. The mixture was poured onto 2 N HCl/ice water 1/1 and extracted
three times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with saturated
aqueous NaHCOs solution and brine and dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the
solvent under reduced pressure left a black oil which was purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, n-heptane/AcOEt) to yield 90 mg (0.32 mmol, 34 %) of the
title compound as brown oil.
MS: 252.4 (M+H)+.
c] (6-Benzvloxy-4-methvl-indol-l-vl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 c], 6-benzyloxy-4-methyl-l H-indole
was reacted with bromo-acetic acid tert-butyl ester in the presence of cesium carbonate in
DMF to obtain (6-benzyloxy-4-methyl-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as yellow
oil.
MS: 352.1 (M+H)+.
d] (6-Hydroxv-4-methyl-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid tert-butvl ester
A solution of (6-benzyloxy-4-methyl-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester (140 mg,
0.4 mmol) in ethanol (14 ml) was hydrogenated over 10 % palladium on charcoal
(14 mg) at ambient temperature for 3 h. The catalyst was filtered off, the solvent
evaporated under reduced pressure to give 100 mg (0.38 mmol, 96 %) of the title
compound as brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
MS: 279.3 (M+NH4)+.
e] (4-Methvl-6-[2-methvl-5-(4-trifluorotnethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-vl I-acetic acid tert-butyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-4-methyl-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid tert-butyl ester was reacted with [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give {4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl ester as colorless liquid.
MS:516.5(M+H)+.
f| (4-Methyl-6-[2-methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-ylmethoxv1-
indol-1-yl} -acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid tert-butyl
ester was treated with LiOH to obtain {4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluorornethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as colorless solid.
MS: 460.4 (M+H)+.
Example IS
a] 2-(Z2.2-Trifluoro-ethylV5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pvrazole-3-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 13 a], 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (example 11 b]) was reacted with
trifluoroethyltriflate to give 2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless solid.
MS: 382.1 (M)+.
b] [2-(2,2,2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-vl1-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with
lithium aluminium hydride to give [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as colorless solid.
MS:341.0(M+H)+.
c] {6-r2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-
vlmethoxy]-indol-l-vl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give (6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyI)-
5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl
ester as yellow oil.
MS: 542.2 (M+H)+.
dj l6-r2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-
ylmethoxv]-indol-l-vl}-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as brown oil.
MS:514.2(M+H)+.
Example 16
a] [ 1 -Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-1 H-pyrazol-3-vn-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (example 11 c]) was reduced with
lithium aluminium hydride to give [l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol as brown solid.
MS: 273.0 (M+H)+.
b] {6-[l-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-lH-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indol-l-vl|-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless solid.
MS: 474.4 (M+H)+.
c] (6-F1 -Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-1 H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1 -yl} -
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, {6-[l-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[l-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lHpyrazol-
3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as colorless solid.
MS: 446.0 (M+H)+.
Example 17
a] (ZV4-(3,4-Dichloro-phenvn-2-hvdroxv-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 11 a], l-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-
ethanone was reacted with diethyl oxalate in the presence of metallic sodium to give (Z)-
4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester as off-white solid.
MS: 289.0 (M+H)+.
b] 5-(3,4-Dichloro-phenvn-2-methvl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 5-
(3.4-dichloro-phenylH-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 4 b], (Z)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-
hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester was reacted with methylhydrazine in ethanol
under reflux conditions to give 5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-
carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals and 5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-l -methyl- 1Hpyrazole-
3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals.
5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: MS: 299.1
(M+H)+.
c] [5-(3,4-Dichloro-phenvlV2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminiu
hydride to give [5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol as white
solid.
MS: 256.0 (M)+.
dl (6-[5-(3,4-Dichloro-phenvn-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-vU-acetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give {6-[5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 458.2 (M+H)+.
e] (6-[5-(3.4-Dichloro-phenvl)-2-methvl-2H-pyrazol-3-vlmethoxv]-indol-l-vl|-acetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-[5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with
LiOH to obtain {6-[5-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
acetic acid ethyl ester as brown crystals.
MS: 430.4 (M+H)+.
Example 18
a] (Z)-4-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenylV2-hvdroxv-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 11 a], l-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
ethanone was reacted with diethyl oxalate in the presence of metallic sodium to
give (Z)-4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl
ester as colorless solid.
MS: 307.1 (M+H)+.
b] 5-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenvn-2-methvl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxvlic acid ethyl
ester and 5-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethvl-phenvn-l-methyl-lH-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid
ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 4 b], (Z)-4-(4-fluoro-3-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester was reacted with
methylhydrazine in ethanol under reflux conditions to give 5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals and 5-
(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
as colorless crystals.
5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl
ester:MS:317.0(M+H)+.
cl r5-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethvl-phenvn-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium
aluminium hydride to give [5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol as white solid.
MS: 275.3 (M+H)+.
d] (6-[5-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-2-methyl-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indol-
1-yl} -acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as white
solid.
MS: 476.0 (M+H)+.
e] {6-[5-(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethvl-phenvl')-2-methyl-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indol-
1-yl}-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-[5-(4-fluoro-3-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3 -ylmethoxy] -indol-1 -y 1} -acetic acid ethyl
ester was treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[5-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-
methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as brown solid.
MS: 448.1 (M+H)+.
Example 19
a] 5-Chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-lH-pvrazole
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanoI (example 11 d]) was reacted with thionyl chloride in
chloroform to yield 5-chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole
as colorless oil.
MS:291.0(M+H)+.
b] [2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-acetonitrile
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 b], 5-chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole was reacted with tetrabutylammonium cyanide in
acetonitrile to give [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-
acetonitrile as yellow solid.
MS: 300.4 (M+NH4)+.
c] [2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-2H-pvrazol-3-yl]-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 c], [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetonitrile was treated with sodium hydroxide in
water/ethanol 1/1 at 85 °C to give [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-
3-yl]-acetic acid as off-white solid.
MS:301.0(M+H)+.
d]2-r2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-ethanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 c], [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetic acid was reduced with a 1 M solution of BH3*THF in
tetrahydrofuran to give 2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-
ethanol as colorless crystals.
MS: 287.0 (M+H)+.
59
el (6-(2-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoroniethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-yl1-ethoxvl-indol-l-vl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with 2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethanol in the presence of di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate and
triphenylphosphine to give (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless crystals.
MS: 488.1 (M+H)+.
f] (6-(2-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vn-ethoxy}-indol-l-ynacetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 fj, (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain (6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid as colorless crystals.
MS: 460.4 (M+H)+.
Example 20
a] 5-Iodomethvl-l-methvl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-lH-pvrazole
A suspension of 5-chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole
(3.2 g, 11 mmol; example 19 a]) and sodium iodide (8.25 g, 55 mmol) in acetone (56 ml)
was heated under reflux conditions for 30 min. Tert butyl methyl ether was added, the
solid was filtered off and the filtrate was brought to dryness under reduced pressure. The
residue was dissolved in tert butyl methyl ether, washed with ice water/brine 1/1 and the
aqueous layer was extracted two times with tert butyl methyl ether. The combined
extracts were washed with aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and brine and dried over
sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title
compound as yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
b] 3-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-propionic acid ethyl
ester
A solution of lithium diisopropylamide (16.5 ml of a 2 M solution in
tetrahydrofuran/heptane/ethylbenzol, 33 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) was cooled to
-78 °C. Within 30 min a solution of ethyl acetate (3.77 ml, 38 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran
(10 ml) was added. The solution was stirred for 45 min at -78 °C, DMPU (6.63 ml,
55 mmol) was added within 20 min and the mixture was kept for additional 30 min at
-78 °C. Within 20 min a solution of 5-iodomethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
lH-pyrazole (4.2 g, 11 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) was added. The
solution was stirred for 40 min at -78 °C, the cooling bath was removed and stirring was
continued for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poored onto aqueous NH4C1 solution/ice
water and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed
three times with ice water/brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed
under reduced pressure to give an orange oil which was purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 1.5 g (4.4 mmol, 40 %) of the title
compound as yellow oil.
MS:343.1(M+H)+.
cl 3-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-ol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid ethyl ester was reduced with
lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether to give 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-ol as yellow oil.
MS: 300.2 (M)+.
d] (6-(3-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-propoxvl-indol-lyl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 502.5 (M+H)+.
e] (6-{3-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-propoxvl-indol-lyl)-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yI]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as yellow foam.
MS: 472.1 (M-H)'.
Example 21
a] 5-Chloromethyl-l-(2.2,2-trifluoro-ethvn-3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-lH-pyrazole
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (example 15 b]) was reacted with
thionyl chloride in chloroform to yield 5-chloromethyl-l-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-3-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole as colorless oil.
MS: 359.0 (M+H)+.
b] [2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-acetonitrile
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 b], 5-chloromethyl-l -(2,2,2-
trifluoro-ethyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole was reacted with
tetrabutylammonium cyanide in acetonitrile to give [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetonitrile as yellow oil.
MS: 350.3 (M+NH4)+.
c] [2-(2,2,2-Trifluoro-ethvl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pyrazol-3-vl]-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 c], [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetonitrile was treated with sodium
hydroxide in water/ethanol 1/1 at 85 °C to give [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetic acid as brown crystals.
MS: 369.1 (M+H)+.
d] 2-[2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethyl')-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vn-ethanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 9 c], [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acetic acid was reduced with a 1 M solution
of BH3*THF in tetrahydrofuran to give 2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
MS: 355.3 (M+H)+.
el (6-(2-r2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-r4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-Dvrazol-3-vl1-
ethoxy|-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with 2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethanol in the presence of di-tert-butyl
azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine to give (6-{2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as
colorless oil.
MS: 556.3 (M+H)+.
fl (6-(2-[2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-f4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pyrazol-3-vl1-
ethoxyl-indol-l-vD-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 fj, (6-{2-[2-(2,2,2-trifIuoro-ethyl)-5-
(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain (6-{2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid as off-white solid.
MS: 528.0 (M+H)+.
Example 22
al [rac]-2-{6-[2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pyrazol-3-
ylmethoxv]-indol-l-vl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], [rac]-2-(6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-
propionic acid ethyl ester (J. E. D. Barton, D. Cartwright, C. J. Mathews, Brit. UK Pat.
Appl. (1992), GB 2253848 Al) was reacted with [2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (example 15 b]) in the presence of
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give [rac]-2-{6-[2-
(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-lyl}-
propionic acid ethyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 556.5 (M+H)+.
bl rrac1-2-(6-[2-(2.2.2-Trifluoro-ethvn-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
vlmethoxv]-indol-l-vl}-propionic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 f], [rac]-2-{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-
5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic
acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to obtain [rac]-2-{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-
(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid as
colorless foam.
MS: 528.3 (M+H)+.
Example 23
a] 2-Difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pvrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl
ester and 1 -Difluoromethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-lH-pvrazole-3-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester
Chlorodifluoromethane (28.6 g, 331 mmol) was introduced to a suspension of 5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2 g, 7 mmol;
example 11 b]) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (2.76 g, 20 mmol) in dry N,Ndimethylformamide
(120 ml) at 90 °C for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into
ice water (400 ml) and extracted four times with dichloromethane. The combined
extracts were washed two times with ice water/brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The
solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid which was purified
by column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 281 mg (0.8 mmol, 12 %)
2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl
ester as white solid and 1.29 g (3.7 mmol, 55 %) l-difluoromethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as white solid.
2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl
ester:MS:351.3(M+H)+.
l-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl
ester:MS:351.3(M+H)+.
b] [2-Difluoromethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-methanol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was reduced with
lithium aluminium hydride to give [2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-methanol as white solid.
MS: 309.4 (M+H)+.
c] |6-[2-Difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-
1-yll-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with [2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give {6-[2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester as
white solid.
MS:510.6(M+H)+.
d] {6-[2-Difluoromethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-
1-yl}-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 fj, {6-[2-difluoromethyI-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain {6-[2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid as colorless crystals.
MS: 482.5 (M+H)+.
Example 24
al [rac1-2-(6-f2-Methvl-5-f4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vlmethoxv1-indoll-
yl}-propionic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], [rac]-2-(6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-
propionic acid ethyl ester (J. E. D. Barton, D. Cartwright, C. J. Mathews, Brit. UK Pat.
Appl. (1992), GB 2253848 Al) was reacted with [2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol (example 11 d]) in the presence of N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give [rac]-2-{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l -yl}-propionic acid ethyl
MS: 488.5 (M+H)+.
b] [rac]-2-|6-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indoll-
yl}-propionic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 f], [rac]-2-{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyI)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid ethyl
ester was treated with LiOH to obtain [rac]-2-{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
2H-pyrazql-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid as off-white crystals.
MS: 460.4 (M+H)+.
Example 25
a] 5-Iodomethvl-l-methvl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenvl)-lH-pvrazole
In analogy to the procedure described in example 20 a], 5-chloromethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole (example 9 a]) was treated with sodium iodide in
acetone to obtain 5-iodomethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole as
yellow solid which was used in the next step without further purification.
b] 3-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-2H-pvrazol-3-vn-propionic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 20 b], 5-iodomethyl-l-methyl-3-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole was reacted with ethyl acetate in the presence of
lithium diisopropylamide and DMPU to obtain 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid ethyl ester as yellow solid.
MS: 327.3 (M+H)+.
c] 3-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl1-propan-l-ol
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 a], 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid ethyl ester was reduced with lithium aluminium
hydride in diethyl ether to give 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-
yl]-propan-l-ol as yellow oil.
MS: 285.1 (M+H)+.
d] (6-|3-[2-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvn-2H-pvrazol-3-vl]-propoxy}-indol-l-vl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 3 c], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 2 e]) was reacted with 3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyI
azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as colorless oil.
MS: 486.5 (M+H)+.
e] (6-{3-[2-Methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-vl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 fj, (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
was treated with LiOH to obtain (6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyI)-2Hpyrazol-
3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid as colorless crystals.
MS: 458.5 (M+H)+.
Example A
Film coated tablets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Ingredients Per tablet
Kernel:
Compound of formula (I) 10.0 mg 200.0 mg
Microcrystalline cellulose 23.5 mg 43.5 mg
Lactose hydrous 60.0 mg 70.0 mg
PovidoneK.30 12.5 mg IS.Omg
Sodium starch glycolate 12.5 mg 17.0 mg
Magnesium stearate l.Smg 4.5 mg
(Kernel Weight) 120.0 mg 350.0 mg
Film Coat:
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 3.5 mg 7.0 mg
Polyethylene glycol 6000 0.8 mg 1.6 mg
Talc 1.3mg 2.6 mg
Iron oxyde (yellow) 0.8 mg 1.6mg
Titan dioxide 0.8 mg 1.6mg
The active ingredient is sieved and mixed with microcristalline cellulose and the
mixture is granulated with a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidon in water. The granulate is
mixed with sodium starch glycolate and magesiumstearate and compressed to yield
kernels of 120 or 350 mg respectively. The kernels are lacquered with an aqueous
solution / suspension of the above mentioned film coat.
Example B
Capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Ingredients Per capsule
Compound of formula (I) 25.0 mg
Lactose ISO.Omg
Maize starch 20.0 mg
Talc 5.0 mg
The components are sieved and mixed and filled into capsules of size 2.
Example C
Injection solutions can have the following composition:
Compound of formula (I) 3.0 mg
Gelatine ISO.Omg
Phenol 4.7 mg
Sodium carbonate to obtain a final pH of 7
Water for injection solutions ad 1.0 ml
Example D
Soft gelatin capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Capsule contents
Compound of formula (I) 5.0 mg
Yellow wax 8.0 mg
Hydrogenated Soya bean oil 8.0 mg
Partially hydrogenated plant oils 34.0 mg
Soya bean oil HO.Omg
Weight of capsule contents 165.0 mg
Gelatin capsule
Gelatin 75.0 mg
Glycerol 85 % 32.0 mg
Karion 83 8.0 mg (dry matter)
Titan dioxide 0.4 mg
Iron oxide yellow 1.1 mg
The active ingredient is dissolved in a warm melting of the other ingredients and
the mixture is filled into soft gelatin capsules of appropriate size. The filled soft gelatin
capsules are treated according to the usual procedures.
Example E
Sachets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Compound of formula (I) 50.0 mg
Lactose, fine powder 1015.0 mg
Microcristallinecellulose(AVICELPH 102) 1400.0 mg
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 14.0 mg
Polyvinylpyrrolidon K 30 lO.Omg
Magnesiumstearate lO.Omg
Flavoring additives 1.0 mg
The active ingredient is mixed with lactose, microcristalline cellulose and sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose and granulated with a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidon in water.
The granulate is mixed with magnesiumstearate and the flavouring additives and filled
into sachets.





We Claim:
1. Pyrazolyl indolyl compounds of the formula (I)
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R1 is hydrogen or C1-7-alkyl;
R2 and R3 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl,
C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano;
and one of R6, R7 and R8 is
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R10 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkyl;
R11 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl;
one of R12 or R13 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, C2-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkyl; and the other one is a lone pair;
R14 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkyl;
R15 is aryl or heteroaryl; and
n is 1,2 or 3; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
2. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined in claim 1;
R6 , R7 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
3. The compounds of formula I-A as claimed in claim 2, wherein R6, R7 and R9 are hydrogen.
4. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined in claim 1;
R6, R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
5. The compounds of formula I-B as claimed in claim 4, wherein R6, R8 and R9 are hydrogen.
6. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R1 to R5, R10 to R15 and n are as defined in claim 1;
R7 , R8 and R9 independently from each other are hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl or cyano; and
all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
7. The compounds of formula I-C as claimed in claim 6, wherein R7, R8 and R9 are hydrogen.
8. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
9. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R2 and R3 independently from each other are hydrogen or methyl.

10. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of R2 or R3 is methyl.
11. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
12. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein R5 is hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl or halogen.
13. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein n is 1 or 2.
14. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein n is 3.
15. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein one of R6,R7and R8is
(Formula Removed)
and R10 to R12, R14, R15 and n are as defined in claim 1.
16. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 15, wherein R12 is C1-7-alkyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkyl.
17. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein R15 is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with one to three groups selected from C1-7-alkyl, C1-7-alkoxy, halogen, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkoxy and cyano.
18. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein R15 is phenyl substituted with halogen, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl or fluoro-C1-7-alkoxy.
19. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1, selected from the group consisting of
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1-yl} -acetic
acid,
(5- {2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy} -indol-1-yl)-
acetic acid,
{6-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-
acetic acid,
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-
indol-1-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{2-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-ethoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-
acetic acid,
{6-[2-difluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1 -
yl}-acetic acid, and
(6- {3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy} -indol-1 -yl)-
acetic acid.
20. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1, further selected from the
group consisting of
{6-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1-yl} -acetic acid,
{6-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-ylmethoxy]-indol-1-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid, and
(6-{3-[2-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propoxy}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid.
21. A process for the manufacture of compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, which process comprises
a) reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined as in claim 1 and R6, R7, R8 and R9 are selected from hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy- C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1.7-alkyl, cyano-C1-7-alkyl, and cyano with the proviso that one of R6, R7 or R8 is -OH, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein X, Y, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 and n are as defined in claim 1 and R16 is -OH, -C1, -Br, -I or another leaving group, in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, acetone or methyl-ethyl ketone in the presence of a weak base like cesium or potassium carbonate in a temperature ranging from room temperature to 140 °C, or, if R16 represents a hydroxy group, with triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl-, diisopropyl- or diethyl-azodicarboxylate or by using tributylphosphine and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide in a solvent like toluene, dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature, to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1
is hydrogen;
or, alternatively,
b) reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R4 to R9 are as defined as in claim 1, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1 and R17 is halogen, triflate or another leaving group, in the presence of K2CO3 or CS2CO3 at temperatures between 10°C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in a solvent like acetonitrile or acetone or in the presence of sodium hydride at temperatures between -10 °C and 50 °C in a solvent like N,N-dimethylformamide,
to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1
is hydrogen.
22. The compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 when manufactured by a process as claimed in claim 21.
23. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or adjuvant.
24. The pharmaceutical compositions as claimed in claim 23 for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPARδ and/or PPARα agonists.

Documents:

5054-DELNP-2006-Abstract-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-abstract.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-assignment.pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Claims-(04-11-2011).pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Claims-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Claims-(17-01-2012).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-claims.pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Correspondence Others-(04-11-2011).pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Correspondence Others-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Correspondence Others-(17-01-2012).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-correspondence-others-1.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-correspondence-others.pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Description (Complete)-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-description (complete).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-form-1.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-form-18.pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Form-2-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-form-2.pdf

5054-DELNP-2006-Form-3-(13-10-2011).pdf

5054-delnp-2006-form-3.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-form-5.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-gpa.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-pct-210.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-pct-304.pdf

5054-delnp-2006-pct-409.pdf

abstract.jpg


Patent Number 252159
Indian Patent Application Number 5054/DELNP/2006
PG Journal Number 18/2012
Publication Date 04-May-2012
Grant Date 30-Apr-2012
Date of Filing 01-Sep-2006
Name of Patentee F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE AG
Applicant Address GRENZACHERSTRASSE 124 CH-4070 BASEL (SWITZERLAND)
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 ACKERMANN JEAN IM GLOEGGLIHOF 16, CH-4125 RIEHEN, SWITZERLAND
2 AEBI JOHANNES IM KUGELFANG 27, CH-4102 BINNINGEN SWITZERLAND
3 BINGGELI, ALFRED IM KUGELFANG 50, CH-4102 BINNINGEN, SWITZERLAND
4 GRETHER UWE KIRCHGASSE 4, D-79588 EFRIGEN-KIRCHEN, GERMANY
5 HIRTH GEORGES 17 RUE DE LA FECHT, F-68000 COLMAR, FRANCE
6 KUHN BERND SONNMATTWEG 42, CH-4410 LIESTAL, SWITZERLAND
7 MAERKI HANS-PETER SELTISBERGERSTRASSE 75, CH-4059 BASEL SWITZERLAND
8 MEYER MARKUS ERASMUSSTRASSE 23, D79395 NEUENBURG, GERMANY
9 MOHN PETER BENKENSTRASSE 26, CH-4054 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
10 WRIGHT MATTHEW BLAKE PFEFFINGERSTRASSE 16, CH-4053 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
PCT International Classification Number C07D 403/12
PCT International Application Number PCT/EP2005/002074
PCT International Filing date 2005-02-28
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 04100958.0 2004-03-09 EUROPEAN UNION