Indian Patents. 253613:" DOUBLE LOOP REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR POLYMERISING OLEFINS"

Title of Invention	" DOUBLE LOOP REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR POLYMERISING OLEFINS"
Abstract	The present invention describes a reactor comprising two interconnected loops wherein the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop to the second loop through a first pipe and back to the first loop through a second pipe.It also discloses a process for polymerising olefins in two interconnected loop reactors.

Full Text	The present invention relates to the field of ethylene polymerization in a double loop reactor. Polyolefins such as polyethylenes which have high molecular weight generally have improved mechanical properties over their lower molecular weight counterparts. However, high molecular weight polyolefins can be difficult to process and can be costly to produce. Polyolefins having a broad or bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) are desirable because they can combine the advantageous mechanical properties of high molecular weight fraction with the improved processing properties of the low molecular weight fraction. For many high density polyethylene (HDPE) applications, polyethylene with enhanced toughness, strength and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) is important. These enhanced properties are more readily attainable with high molecular weight polyethylene. However, as the molecular weight of the polymer increases, the processability of the resin decreases. By providing a polymer with a broad or bimodal MWD, the desired properties that are characteristic of high molecular weight resin are retained while processability, particularly extrusion capability, is improved. There are several methods for preparing resins with bimodal or broad molecular weight distribution: melt blending, reactor in series configuration, or single reactor with dual site catalyst systems. Chromium catalysts for use in polyolefin production tend to broaden the molecular weight distribution and can in some cases produce bimodal molecular weight distribution but usually the low molecular part of these resins contains a substantial amount of the comonomer. Whilst a broadened molecular weight distribution provides acceptable processing properties, a bimodal molecular weight distribution can provide excellent properties. In some cases it is even possible to regulate the amount of high and low molecular weight fraction and thereby regulate the mechanical properties. Ziegler Natta catalysts are known to be capable of producing bimodal polyethylene using two reactors in series. Typically, in a first reactor, a low molecular weight homopolymer is formed by reaction between hydrogen and ethylene in the presence of the Ziegler Natta catalyst. It is essential that excess hydrogen be used in this process and, as a result, it is necessary to remove all the hydrogen from the first reactor before the products are passed to the second reactor. In the second reactor, a copolymer of ethylene and hexene is made so as to produce a high molecular weight polyethylene. The reverse configuration is also known in the art. Metallocene catalysts are also known in the production of polyolefins. For example, EP-A-0619325 describes a process for preparing polyolefins such as polyethylenes having a multimodal or at least bimodal molecular weight distribution. In this process, a catalyst system that includes at least two metallocene components is employed. The metallocene components can be selected, for example, from a bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride and an ethylene-bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride. By using the two different metallocene catalyst components in the same reactor, a molecular weight distribution is obtained which is at least bimodal. Certain applications such as pipes require a polyethylene resin with high resistance against slow crack growth as well as resistance to rapid crack propagation yielding impact toughness. EP-A-0571987 discloses for example a process for producing an ethylenic polymer composition using multistage polymerisation. The catalyst comprises, as principal components, a transition metal compound, a compound capable of reacting with the transition metal compound to form an ionic complex and an organoaluminium compound. Alternatively, a broad or multimodal molecular weight distribution can be obtained by physical blending of two or more resins such as described for example in EP-A- 0735090 that dicloses a polyethlyene resin composition which is produced by physical blending of three polyethylene components. In yet another method, the gas-phase catalytic polymerisation of alpha-olefins is carried out with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system in two or more interconnected polymerisation zones and characterised in that the gas introduced in the second polymerisation zone is of a different composition from that of the gas present in the first polymerisation zone: this is the multizone circulating reactor technology. It consists of two interconnected polymerization zones: 1. a "riser" or fast-fluidisation zone wherein the gas velocity is larger than the transport velocity; 2. a "downcomer" wherein the polymer particles flow downard under the force of gravity. The monomer is fed in the "riser" with the catalyst system, under polymerisation conditions. The growing polymer flows upward, under fast fluidisation conditions, and then leaves the "riser" and enters the "downcomer" wherein the polymer particles flow downward under the action of gravity. The particles then leave the "downcomer" and are reintroduced into the "riser". A circulation is thus established between the two polymerisation zones. The method further requires that: 1. the gas mixture present in the "riser" be fully or partially prevented from entering the downcomer"; 2. the gas and/or liquid mixture introduced in the "downcomer" be different from the gas mixture present in the "riser". The multizone circulating reactor technology has been described for example in WO-A-97/04015 and WO-A-00/02929. It has been used primarily with Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems and suffers from the disadvantage that it is difficult to remove completely the gas mixture present in the "riser" and to prevent it from entering the "downcomer". And it is difficult to control the gaz composition in the two zones There is thus a need for a polymerisation system that does not suffer from this drawback. It is an aim of the present invention to provide a polymerisation technology that produces very homogeneous polymers. It is also an aim of the present invention to provide a polymerisation technology that produces polymers having a broad or multimodal molecular weight distribution. Accordingly the present invention discloses a double loop reactor for polymerising olefins comprising: two loop reactors and; connecting means to transfer the growing polymer from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor; connecting means to transfer the growing polymer from the second loop reactor back to the first loop reactor. It also discloses a polymerisation technology that consists of two interconnected loops wherein the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop to the second loop and back to the first loop. Preferably, the polymer flows on average no more than three times around the two loops, more preferably, no more than twice. Under the normal operating conditions of a double loop reactor, the monomer, diluent, hydrogen and comonomer are injected downstream the pump in the first loop and the growing polymer circulates around the loop with a velocity of about 8 m/sec, which correspond to one rotation every 30 seconds for a 100 m3 reactor. The monomer is dissolved in the diluent and the particulate polymer is suspended in the liquid. After 40 minutes to one hour of average residence time in the first loop, corresponding to about 100 rotations around the loop, the particulate polymer is transferred to the second loop. The transfer is often difficult as it is desirable to control the polymerisation mixture in each loop independently and therefore to remove from the stream exiting the first reactor any component that is undesirable in the second loop. Several methods have been disclosed in literature to operate that transfer. For example, US- 2001/0018499 describes a process in which most of the hydrogen present in the first reactor is removed by relieving the pressure of the suspension before sending it to the second reactor. US-A-5,639,834 describes a process wherein the comonomer-rich suspension formed in the first reactor is drawn off from this reactor by means of settling legs, and wherein the concentrated suspension is sent to the second reactor in which the amount of comonomer is reduced. US-A-4,692,501 describes a process in which the suspension formed in the first reactor is washed by a liquid counter-current in an exchange zone before being sent to the second reactor. US-A-2001/0018500 describes a continuous polymerisation process wherein a suspension of polyethylene particles, withdrawn from the first reactor, is sent to a hydrocyclone separator where it is separated into a concentrated suspension that is sent to the second reactor and into a stream comprising the diluent that is partially recycled to the first polymerisation zone. The operating conditions in the second reactor are generally different from those in the first reactor as it is desired to produce a polyolefin having a broad molecular weight distribution. The residence time in the second reactor is shorter than in the first reactor, typically 50% shorter, and the pressure is typically one bar lower than in the first reactor in order to facilitate the transfer. The double loop reactor can be operated either in direct mode where the high molecular weight fraction of the polymer is produced in the first reactor and the low molecular weight fraction is produced in the second reactor, or in reverse mode. The final polymer is preferably removed by means of settling legs where the solids content is allowed to increase. These conditions of operations are known in the art. The present invention further discloses a transfer of the growing polymer from the second loop, back to the first loop and thus a continuous transfer of growing polymer from one loop to the other. In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the transfer from the first loop to the second loop, and back to the first loop is carried out by means of settling legs. The invention is illustrated hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents an interconnected loop reactor according to the present invention. The monomer, optional comonomer, hydrogen and diluent are fed into the first loop (1) downstream the pump (2). The growing polymer is transferred to the second loop by means of the settling legs (3) through line (4), and it is fed into the second loop (11) just upstream the pump (12). The portion of the growing polymer that is recycled back to the first loop is collected just downstream the pump of the second reactor, in the settling legs and then fed into the first reactor just upstream the pump through line (14). This set up has a positive pressure difference between the point of exit from the second reactor and the point of entry into the first reactor, thereby allowing easy transfer from the second loop to the first loop. The final polymer is retrieved from the second loop by means of the settling legs (13) through line (15). In another embodiment according to the present invention, represented in Figure 2, the material exiting the first loop is sent through transfer line 24 to a hydrocyclone separator (25). All or a portion of the suspension of polymer particles is sent to the second loop through transfer line 26, the remainder, if any, being either sent back to the first loop through transfer line 27 or retrieved. After residence in the second loop, the polymer particles are concentrated in settling legs 13 and sent back to the first loop through transfer line 28 or retrieved through line 29. The geometry and the operating conditions of this new polymerisation technique are selected to allow an easy transfer from one loop to the other. More particularly, the pressure in each reactor must be selected so that the pressure in the receiving section is always inferior to that of the sending section. This is achieved by the configuration disclosed in Figure 1 where it is made use of the fact that the pressure just downstream the pump is about 1 bar higher than that just upstream the pump. Alternatively a centrifugal pump may be used to push the polymer particles through the transfer pipes and be liberated of the pressure difference constraint. In another embodiement, the polymer slurry coming out of the second reactor is degassed at low pressure in a stirred vessel in order to remove all traces of hydrogen and is injected in the first reactor with the help of multistage centrifugal pumps (Figure 3). In a further embodiement according to the present invention, the slurry coming out the reactor is sent to a flash tank and is completely degassed. The gas is sent to the recycle section. A fraction of the polymer is sent to the extruder and a fraction of the polymer is wetted with isobutane and pumped back in the first reactor (Figure 4). The catalyst systems that can be used with the present polymerisation 1 are not particularly limited, but it is preferred to select catalyst systems that have a good response to both hydrogen and comonomer as it is desired that the two polymerisation zones operate independently from one another. The preferred catalyst systems comprise a metallocene component, more preferably, a bis- indenyl component of the general formula wherein R" is a structural bridge, Ind is an indenyl or a tetrahydroindenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted, M is a metal group IV of the Periodic Table and Q is a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen, or a cyclopentadienyl-fluorenyl component of the general formula wherein Cp is a cyclopentadienyl, substituted or unsubstituted and Flu is a fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted. The catalyst system used in the present invention comprises, in addition to the above catalyst component, one or more activating agents having an ionising action and capable of activating the metallocene catalyst component. Typically, the activating agent comprises an aluminium or a boron-containing compound, well known in the art. This method is particularly advantageous when metallocene catalyst systems are used as they are difficult to mix: the continuous transfer of material from one loop to the other increases the homogeneity of the polymer. The homogeneity is increased at the level of polymeric composition, and within each grain at the level of the percentage of high and low molecular weight in the polymer. In addition, as metallocenes consume hydrogen, there will be no need to remove remaining hydrogen from the polymer exiting the first loop prior to transfer to the second loop. The metallocene catalyst systems also have an excellent response to both hydrogen and comonomer. The preferred polymer is polyethylene. List of Figures of the Accompanying Drawings. Figure 1 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the polymer is transferred from one loop reactor to the other loop reactor by means of a pressure difference. Figure 2 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the polymer is transferred from one loop reactor to the other loop reactor by means of an hydrocyclone. Figure 3 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the polymer is transferred from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of a Moineau-type pump. The polymer slurry coming out of the second reactor is degassed at low pressure in a stirred vessel in order to remove all traces of hydrogen and is injected in the first reactor with the help of multistage centrifugal pumps. Figure 4 represents a further embodiment according to the present invention wherein the polymer is transferred from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of a Moineau-type pump. The slurry coming out the reactor is sent to a flash tank and is completely degassed. A fraction of the polymer is sent to the extruder and the other fraction of the polymer is wetted with isobutane and pumped back in the first reactor. Example. In a specific working example according to the present invention, and following the configuration displayed in Figure 1, the pressure just downstream the pump (2) in the first loop is of about 41 bars. The polymer is retrieved from the first loop about halfway in the first loop where the pressure is of about 40.5 bars. The second loop is always kept at an overall pressure that is slightly less than the pressure in the first loop, here a pressure of about 40.5 bars just downstream the pump (12). The polymer extracted from the first loop is injected in the second loop just upstream the pump (12) where the pressure is of about 39.5 bars. The polymer is extracted from the second loop just downstream the pump (12) where the pressure is of about 40.5 bars and it is injected in the first loop just upstream the pump (2) where the pressure is of about 40 bars. This configuration allows an easy flow of the polymer between the two reactors, but any other means of circulating the polymer between the two loops could also be used. The polymers produced according to the present invention are very homogeneous as they are progressively developed in each reactor, going from one to the other, whereas the polymers produced in the previous double loop system were the result of a superposition of the conditions in the first reactor and then in the second reactor. WE CLAIM: 1. A double loop reactor for polymerising olefins comprising: two loop reactors (1) and (11); connecting means (4) to transfer the growing polymer from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor; connecting means (14) to transfer the growing polymer from the second loop reactor back to the first loop reactor. 2. A process for polymerising olefins in two interconnected loop reactors (1) and (11) wherein the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor through pipe (4) and back to the first loop reactor through pipe (14). 3. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of settling legs (3). 4. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of pressure difference. 5. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure difference results from the variation of pressure upstream and downstream of the circulating pump in each reactor. 6. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of a hydrocyclone (25). 7. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by means of a Moineau-type pump. 8. The process as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the catalysts system is based on a metallocene catalyst component. (54) Title: INTERCONNECTED LOOP REACTORS. (57) Abstract: The present invention describes a reactor comprising two interconnected loops wherein the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop to the second loop through a first pipe and back to the first loop through a second pipe.It also discloses a process for polymerising olefins in two interconnected loop reactors.

Full Text

The present invention relates to the field of ethylene polymerization in a double
loop reactor.
Polyolefins such as polyethylenes which have high molecular weight generally have
improved mechanical properties over their lower molecular weight counterparts.
However, high molecular weight polyolefins can be difficult to process and can be
costly to produce. Polyolefins having a broad or bimodal molecular weight
distribution (MWD) are desirable because they can combine the advantageous
mechanical properties of high molecular weight fraction with the improved
processing properties of the low molecular weight fraction.
For many high density polyethylene (HDPE) applications, polyethylene with
enhanced toughness, strength and environmental stress cracking resistance
(ESCR) is important. These enhanced properties are more readily attainable with
high molecular weight polyethylene. However, as the molecular weight of the
polymer increases, the processability of the resin decreases. By providing a
polymer with a broad or bimodal MWD, the desired properties that are
characteristic of high molecular weight resin are retained while processability,
particularly extrusion capability, is improved.
There are several methods for preparing resins with bimodal or broad molecular
weight distribution: melt blending, reactor in series configuration, or single reactor
with dual site catalyst systems.
Chromium catalysts for use in polyolefin production tend to broaden the molecular
weight distribution and can in some cases produce bimodal molecular weight
distribution but usually the low molecular part of these resins contains a substantial
amount of the comonomer. Whilst a broadened molecular weight distribution
provides acceptable processing properties, a bimodal molecular weight distribution

can provide excellent properties. In some cases it is even possible to regulate the
amount of high and low molecular weight fraction and thereby regulate the
mechanical properties.
Ziegler Natta catalysts are known to be capable of producing bimodal polyethylene
using two reactors in series. Typically, in a first reactor, a low molecular weight
homopolymer is formed by reaction between hydrogen and ethylene in the
presence of the Ziegler Natta catalyst. It is essential that excess hydrogen be used
in this process and, as a result, it is necessary to remove all the hydrogen from the
first reactor before the products are passed to the second reactor. In the second
reactor, a copolymer of ethylene and hexene is made so as to produce a high
molecular weight polyethylene. The reverse configuration is also known in the art.
Metallocene catalysts are also known in the production of polyolefins. For example,
EP-A-0619325 describes a process for preparing polyolefins such as polyethylenes
having a multimodal or at least bimodal molecular weight distribution. In this
process, a catalyst system that includes at least two metallocene components is
employed. The metallocene components can be selected, for example, from a
bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride and an ethylene-bis(indenyl) zirconium
dichloride. By using the two different metallocene catalyst components in the same
reactor, a molecular weight distribution is obtained which is at least bimodal.
Certain applications such as pipes require a polyethylene resin with high resistance
against slow crack growth as well as resistance to rapid crack propagation yielding
impact toughness. EP-A-0571987 discloses for example a process for producing
an ethylenic polymer composition using multistage polymerisation. The catalyst
comprises, as principal components, a transition metal compound, a compound
capable of reacting with the transition metal compound to form an ionic complex
and an organoaluminium compound.
Alternatively, a broad or multimodal molecular weight distribution can be obtained
by physical blending of two or more resins such as described for example in EP-A-

0735090 that dicloses a polyethlyene resin composition which is produced by
physical blending of three polyethylene components.
In yet another method, the gas-phase catalytic polymerisation of alpha-olefins is
carried out with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system in two or more interconnected
polymerisation zones and characterised in that the gas introduced in the second
polymerisation zone is of a different composition from that of the gas present in the
first polymerisation zone: this is the multizone circulating reactor technology. It
consists of two interconnected polymerization zones:
1. a "riser" or fast-fluidisation zone wherein the gas velocity is larger than the
transport velocity;
2. a "downcomer" wherein the polymer particles flow downard under the force
of gravity.
The monomer is fed in the "riser" with the catalyst system, under polymerisation
conditions. The growing polymer flows upward, under fast fluidisation conditions,
and then leaves the "riser" and enters the "downcomer" wherein the polymer
particles flow downward under the action of gravity. The particles then leave the
"downcomer" and are reintroduced into the "riser". A circulation is thus established
between the two polymerisation zones.
The method further requires that:
1. the gas mixture present in the "riser" be fully or partially prevented from
entering the downcomer";
2. the gas and/or liquid mixture introduced in the "downcomer" be different from
the gas mixture present in the "riser".
The multizone circulating reactor technology has been described for example in
WO-A-97/04015 and WO-A-00/02929. It has been used primarily with Ziegler-Natta
catalyst systems and suffers from the disadvantage that it is difficult to remove
completely the gas mixture present in the "riser" and to prevent it from entering the
"downcomer". And it is difficult to control the gaz composition in the two zones

There is thus a need for a polymerisation system that does not suffer from this
drawback.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a polymerisation technology that
produces very homogeneous polymers.
It is also an aim of the present invention to provide a polymerisation technology that
produces polymers having a broad or multimodal molecular weight distribution.
Accordingly the present invention discloses a double loop reactor for polymerising
olefins comprising:
two loop reactors and;
connecting means to transfer the growing polymer from the first
loop reactor to the second loop reactor;
connecting means to transfer the growing polymer from the second loop reactor
back to the first loop reactor.
It also discloses a polymerisation technology that consists of two interconnected
loops wherein the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop
to the second loop and back to the first loop.
Preferably, the polymer flows on average no more than three times around the two
loops, more preferably, no more than twice.
Under the normal operating conditions of a double loop reactor, the monomer,
diluent, hydrogen and comonomer are injected downstream the pump in the first
loop and the growing polymer circulates around the loop with a velocity of about 8
m/sec, which correspond to one rotation every 30 seconds for a 100 m3 reactor.
The monomer is dissolved in the diluent and the particulate polymer is suspended
in the liquid. After 40 minutes to one hour of average residence time in the first
loop, corresponding to about 100 rotations around the loop, the particulate polymer
is transferred to the second loop.

The transfer is often difficult as it is desirable to control the polymerisation mixture
in each loop independently and therefore to remove from the stream exiting the first
reactor any component that is undesirable in the second loop. Several methods
have been disclosed in literature to operate that transfer. For example, US-
2001/0018499 describes a process in which most of the hydrogen present in the
first reactor is removed by relieving the pressure of the suspension before sending
it to the second reactor. US-A-5,639,834 describes a process wherein the
comonomer-rich suspension formed in the first reactor is drawn off from this reactor
by means of settling legs, and wherein the concentrated suspension is sent to the
second reactor in which the amount of comonomer is reduced. US-A-4,692,501
describes a process in which the suspension formed in the first reactor is washed
by a liquid counter-current in an exchange zone before being sent to the second
reactor. US-A-2001/0018500 describes a continuous polymerisation process
wherein a suspension of polyethylene particles, withdrawn from the first reactor, is
sent to a hydrocyclone separator where it is separated into a concentrated
suspension that is sent to the second reactor and into a stream comprising the
diluent that is partially recycled to the first polymerisation zone.
The operating conditions in the second reactor are generally different from those in
the first reactor as it is desired to produce a polyolefin having a broad molecular
weight distribution. The residence time in the second reactor is shorter than in the
first reactor, typically 50% shorter, and the pressure is typically one bar lower than
in the first reactor in order to facilitate the transfer.
The double loop reactor can be operated either in direct mode where the high
molecular weight fraction of the polymer is produced in the first reactor and the low
molecular weight fraction is produced in the second reactor, or in reverse mode.
The final polymer is preferably removed by means of settling legs where the solids
content is allowed to increase.

These conditions of operations are known in the art. The present invention further
discloses a transfer of the growing polymer from the second loop, back to the first
loop and thus a continuous transfer of growing polymer from one loop to the other.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the transfer from the
first loop to the second loop, and back to the first loop is carried out by means of
settling legs.
The invention is illustrated hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 represents an interconnected loop reactor according to the present
invention. The monomer, optional comonomer, hydrogen and diluent are fed into
the first loop (1) downstream the pump (2). The growing polymer is transferred to
the second loop by means of the settling legs (3) through line (4), and it is fed into
the second loop (11) just upstream the pump (12). The portion of the growing
polymer that is recycled back to the first loop is collected just downstream the pump
of the second reactor, in the settling legs and then fed into the first reactor just
upstream the pump through line (14). This set up has a positive pressure difference
between the point of exit from the second reactor and the point of entry into the first
reactor, thereby allowing easy transfer from the second loop to the first loop. The
final polymer is retrieved from the second loop by means of the settling legs (13)
through line (15).
In another embodiment according to the present invention, represented in Figure
2, the material exiting the first loop is sent through transfer line 24 to a
hydrocyclone separator (25). All or a portion of the suspension of polymer particles
is sent to the second loop through transfer line 26, the remainder, if any, being
either sent back to the first loop through transfer line 27 or retrieved. After
residence in the second loop, the polymer particles are concentrated in settling legs
13 and sent back to the first loop through transfer line 28 or retrieved through line 29.
The geometry and the operating conditions of this new polymerisation technique
are selected to allow an easy transfer from one loop to the other. More particularly,
the pressure in each reactor must be selected so that the pressure in the receiving

section is always inferior to that of the sending section. This is achieved by the
configuration disclosed in Figure 1 where it is made use of the fact that the
pressure just downstream the pump is about 1 bar higher than that just upstream
the pump.
Alternatively a centrifugal pump may be used to push the polymer particles through
the transfer pipes and be liberated of the pressure difference constraint.
In another embodiement, the polymer slurry coming out of the second reactor is
degassed at low pressure in a stirred vessel in order to remove all traces of
hydrogen and is injected in the first reactor with the help of multistage centrifugal
pumps (Figure 3).
In a further embodiement according to the present invention, the slurry coming out
the reactor is sent to a flash tank and is completely degassed. The gas is sent to
the recycle section. A fraction of the polymer is sent to the extruder and a fraction of
the polymer is wetted with isobutane and pumped back in the first reactor (Figure
4).
The catalyst systems that can be used with the present polymerisation 1
are not particularly limited, but it is preferred to select catalyst systems that have a
good response to both hydrogen and comonomer as it is desired that the two
polymerisation zones operate independently from one another. The preferred
catalyst systems comprise a metallocene component, more preferably, a bis-
indenyl component of the general formula

wherein R" is a structural bridge, Ind is an indenyl or a tetrahydroindenyl group,
substituted or unsubstituted, M is a metal group IV of the Periodic Table and Q is a
hydrocarbyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen,
or a cyclopentadienyl-fluorenyl component of the general formula

wherein Cp is a cyclopentadienyl, substituted or unsubstituted and Flu is a
fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted.
The catalyst system used in the present invention comprises, in addition to the
above catalyst component, one or more activating agents having an ionising action
and capable of activating the metallocene catalyst component. Typically, the
activating agent comprises an aluminium or a boron-containing compound, well
known in the art.
This method is particularly advantageous when metallocene catalyst systems are
used as they are difficult to mix: the continuous transfer of material from one loop to
the other increases the homogeneity of the polymer. The homogeneity is increased
at the level of polymeric composition, and within each grain at the level of the
percentage of high and low molecular weight in the polymer. In addition, as
metallocenes consume hydrogen, there will be no need to remove remaining
hydrogen from the polymer exiting the first loop prior to transfer to the second loop.
The metallocene catalyst systems also have an excellent response to both
hydrogen and comonomer.
The preferred polymer is polyethylene.
List of Figures of the Accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the
polymer is transferred from one loop reactor to the other loop reactor by means of a
pressure difference.
Figure 2 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the
polymer is transferred from one loop reactor to the other loop reactor by means of
an hydrocyclone.

Figure 3 represents an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the
polymer is transferred from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by
means of a Moineau-type pump. The polymer slurry coming out of the second
reactor is degassed at low pressure in a stirred vessel in order to remove all traces
of hydrogen and is injected in the first reactor with the help of multistage centrifugal
pumps.
Figure 4 represents a further embodiment according to the present invention
wherein the polymer is transferred from the second loop reactor to the first loop
reactor by means of a Moineau-type pump. The slurry coming out the reactor is
sent to a flash tank and is completely degassed. A fraction of the polymer is sent to
the extruder and the other fraction of the polymer is wetted with isobutane and
pumped back in the first reactor.
Example.
In a specific working example according to the present invention, and following the
configuration displayed in Figure 1, the pressure just downstream the pump (2) in
the first loop is of about 41 bars. The polymer is retrieved from the first loop about
halfway in the first loop where the pressure is of about 40.5 bars. The second loop
is always kept at an overall pressure that is slightly less than the pressure in the
first loop, here a pressure of about 40.5 bars just downstream the pump (12). The
polymer extracted from the first loop is injected in the second loop just upstream the
pump (12) where the pressure is of about 39.5 bars. The polymer is extracted from
the second loop just downstream the pump (12) where the pressure is of about
40.5 bars and it is injected in the first loop just upstream the pump (2) where the
pressure is of about 40 bars. This configuration allows an easy flow of the polymer
between the two reactors, but any other means of circulating the polymer between
the two loops could also be used.
The polymers produced according to the present invention are very homogeneous
as they are progressively developed in each reactor, going from one to the other,

whereas the polymers produced in the previous double loop system were the result
of a superposition of the conditions in the first reactor and then in the second
reactor.

WE CLAIM:
1. A double loop reactor for polymerising olefins comprising:
two loop reactors (1) and (11);
connecting means (4) to transfer the growing polymer from the first loop reactor to the second
loop reactor;
connecting means (14) to transfer the growing polymer from the second loop reactor back to
the first loop reactor.
2. A process for polymerising olefins in two interconnected loop reactors (1) and (11) wherein
the growing polymer flows continuously in circuit from the first loop reactor to the second loop
reactor through pipe (4) and back to the first loop reactor through pipe (14).
3. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first
loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop
reactor by means of settling legs (3).
4. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first
loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop
reactor by means of pressure difference.
5. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure difference results from the variation of
pressure upstream and downstream of the circulating pump in each reactor.
6. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first
loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop reactor by
means of a hydrocyclone (25).

7. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the growing polymer is transferred from the first
loop reactor to the second loop reactor and/or from the second loop reactor to the first loop
reactor by means of a Moineau-type pump.
8. The process as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the catalysts system is based on a
metallocene catalyst component.

(54) Title: INTERCONNECTED LOOP REACTORS.
(57) Abstract: The present invention describes a reactor comprising two interconnected loops wherein the growing polymer flows
continuously in circuit from the first loop to the second loop through a first pipe and back to the first loop through a second pipe.It
also discloses a process for polymerising olefins in two interconnected loop reactors.

" DOUBLE LOOP REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR POLYMERISING OLEFINS"

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