Title of Invention	UNLICENSED RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Abstract	"UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS" An unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed cellular mobile network and includes a broadband network (302) with a plurality of access points (301) each defining a mini-cell and adapted to communicate with mobile stations located within a mini-cell over an unlicensed-radio interface. An access controller (303) is connected to the core network portion and to the broadband network. In accordance with the invention, the access controller (303) is associated with its own location area or areas in the licensed radio mobile network and comprises a database for storing the identification of mobile stations in association with at least one specific access point or broadband network address. This arrangement permits a mobile station to be locating within the access network in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue signalling load. 25

Title of Invention

UNLICENSED RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Abstract

"UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS" An unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed cellular mobile network and includes a broadband network (302) with a plurality of access points (301) each defining a mini-cell and adapted to communicate with mobile stations located within a mini-cell over an unlicensed-radio interface. An access controller (303) is connected to the core network portion and to the broadband network. In accordance with the invention, the access controller (303) is associated with its own location area or areas in the licensed radio mobile network and comprises a database for storing the identification of mobile stations in association with at least one specific access point or broadband network address. This arrangement permits a mobile station to be locating within the access network in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue signalling load. 25

Full Text	FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & The Patents Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10, rule 13) "UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS" TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L. M. ERICSSON (publ), a Swedish Company of S-164 83 Stockholm (SE). The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 2 Unlicensed-radio access networks in mobile cellular communication networks 5 Field of invention The invention relates to cellular mobile communication networks having unlicensed-radio access networks. The invention has specific relevance to paging within the coverage area of an unlicensed-radio access network. 10 Background art In any cellular mobile communication system, such as a GSM network, mobility management, i.e. the location of subscribers or mobile stations is handled on different levels. At the topmost level, the home location registers (HLR) hold data on which part of a network a mobile subscriber is roaming in 15 and also which visitor location register (VLR) the mobile subscriber is currently registered with. Visitor location registers (VLR) hold data on which location area (LA) a mobile subscriber is currently in. A location area is controlled by a mobile switching center (MSC) and a number of base station controllers (BSC) and is divided into several cells each representing the 20 coverage area of a base station transceiver (BTS). The location area is broadcast in each cell by the base transceiver station BTS. A roaming mobile station is thus able to detect when it moves from one location area to the next and can inform the visitor location register VLR. However, if the mobile station simply moves from one cell to another within the same location area 25 the visitor location area is not informed. This means that in order to locate a mobile station within the network the core network knows only which location area the mobile is in and must page the mobile in all cells within this location area. 30 Conventional cellular networks can be extended by adding access networks WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 3 that utilise a low power unlicensed-radio interface to communicate with mobile stations. These access networks are designed to be used together with the core elements of a standard public mobile network and consist essentially of plug-in low-power unlicensed radio transceivers, or access points, each 5 designed to establish an unlicensed radio link with a mobile station MS and a controller or interface node connecting the unlicensed radio transceivers with the mobile core network. Suitable unlicensed-radio formats include digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT), wireless LAN and Bluetooth. An adapted mobile handset capable of operating over both the standard air 10 interface (e.g. the Um interface) and the unlicensed-radio interface means that the subscriber requires only one phone for all environments. The access network is constructed so that the core elements, such as the mobile switching centers MSC, of the public mobile network views the interface node as a conventional base station controller BSC. Such an access network and the 15 mobile station for use with this access network are described in European patent application No. EP-A-1207 708. The low power and resultant low range of the unlicensed-radio interface means that several such access networks may be provided in relatively close 20 proximity, for example one access network per floor of an office building or in a private home. The connection between the unlicensed-radio transceivers and the associated controller is preferably provided by a fixed broadband network. Preferably communication over this network uses the internet protocol IP, which greatly facilitates the installation of the access network, permitting a 25 subscriber to plug-in an unlicensed-radio transceiver in his own home and even move it temporarily to an alternative location, and consequently install an unlicensed-radio access point himself. The combination of the small size of the access point coverage areas and the ease with which it can be installed and moved means that each access point controller will be controlling a very large 30 but frequently changing number of cells compared to the equivalent base 09-01-2006 4 EP0402357 station controller of a conventional cellular network. Consequently when a mobile station roaming somewhere in the unlicensed radio access network must be paged by the core network, the signalling load on the access point controller will be very high due to the large number of cells and access points 5 implicated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the light of the above problems it is an object of the present invention to provide an unlicensed-radio access network capable of locating a mobile 10 station in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue signalling load. This and further objects are achieved in an unlicensed-radio access network and method carried out in the same in accordance with the attached claims. 15 Specifically, the unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed mobile cellular network and includes an access controller connected to the core network and a fixed broadband network connected to the access controller and having a plurality of access points. Each 20 access point defines a mini-cell coverage area and supports an unlicensed- radio interface permitting communication between mobile stations located within a respective mini-cell and the access controller. In accordance with the invention, the access controller is associated with one or more location areas in the licensed-radio mobile cellular network and comprises a database for 25 storing the identification of mobile stations in association with address information on the fixed broadband network or at least one access point for each mobile station. The access controller is also adapted to delete the stored identification data when communication between the mobile station and the unlicensed radio access network ceases 30 AMENDED SHEET 09-01-2006 5 EP04O2357 The provision of a database for associating the identification of the mobile station with a broadband network address or the access point via which the mobile station communicates with the access network essentially provides an intermediate level of mobility management. In this way the access network 5 can actively direct messages from the core network towards a specific address, access point or group of access points to reduce the amount of signalling to and from the access points. Moreover, by permitting all registration and deletion of information to be controlled by the access controller the database is updated without the involvement of the core network., The access points may either comprise separate entities capable of establishing a connection with the access controller even when no mobile station is located in its coverage area, or they may be essentially transparent access points or nodes to the broadband network that simply relay messages between a mobile 15 station and the access controller while providing the conversion between the unlicensed-radio interface and the fixed broadband network. In this latter case, the mobile stations will be assigned a network address on the broadband network, since the access points are not recognised as separate entities by the access controller. 20 Preferably, the access controller is adapted to receive from the core network portion a paging message containing the identification of a mobile station located in the associated location area, to identify the network address or access point associated with the identified mobile station and to transmit the 25 paging message to the identified access point or points only. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the access network controller is adapted to receive from a mobile station a message registering identification data for the mobile station and to store the new 30 identification data in the database in association with information concerning AMENDED SHEET 6 EP04 02357 an access point communicating with said mobile station. Similarly, the access controller is adapted to delete the identification data when the mobile station is no longer communicating with it. This may be on receipt of a message from AMENDED SHEET 10 WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 the access point that said mobile station is no longer communicating with said access point. Alternatively, the access controller may monitor the connection established with a mobile station and determine when this connection is no longer maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments that are given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figures: Fig. 1 schematically depicts parts of a GSM network modified to include an unlicensed-radio access network, Fig. 2 schematically depicts the system of location areas in the 15 modified GSM network of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the unlicensed access network in accordance with the present invention for a first embodiment, and 20 Fig. 4 schematically illustrates the unlicensed access network in accordance with the present invention for a second embodiment wherein the unlicensed-radio access network has transparent access points. 25 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 schematically depicts parts of a conventional GSM network. This network is essentially divided into a core network portion 20 and an access portion 10. The elements of the core network illustrated in the figure include 30 the mobile switching centers or MSc's 202, associated home location register WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 HLR 201 and visitor location register VLR 204. The function and structure of these conventional GSM architecture elements are known to those in the art and will not be described in further detail here. The core network also supports the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and to this end serving GPRS 5 support nodes (SGSN) 203 are illustrated. Although not illustrated in the figure, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the core network portion may include access to other mobile and fixed-line networks, such as ISDN and PSTN networks, packet and circuit switched packet data networks such as intranets, extranets and the Internet through one or more gateway 10 nodes. The access portion essentially consists of base station subsystems BSS 10, one of which is illustrated in Fig. 1, which communicate via defined fixed standard A and Gb interfaces with MSCs 202 and SGSNs 203, respectively in the core 15 network portion 20. Each base station subsystem BSS 10 includes a base station controller BSC 103 which communicates with one or more base transceiver stations BTS 101 via the defined Abis air interface 102. The base transceiver stations 101 communicate with mobile terminals MS 1 over the GSM standard Um radio air interface. It will be understood that while the BTS 20 101 and BSC 103 are depicted as forming a single entity in the BSS 10, the BSC 103 is often separate from the BTSs 101 and may even be located at the mobile services switching centre MSC 202. The physical division depicted in Fig. 1 serves to distinguish between the parts of the network making up the access network portion 10 and those that form the core network portion 20. 25 In addition to the standard access network portion provided by the BSS's 10 the network depicted in Fig. 1 further includes a modified access network portion 30 shown in the lower half of the figure. Hereinafter this will be described as an unlicensed-radio access network portion 30. WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 The components making up this unlicensed-radio access network portion 30 also enable the mobile terminal 1 to access the GSM core network portion, and through this, other communication networks via an unlicensed-radio interface X, represented in Fig. 1 by the bi-directional arrow 31. By unlicensed-radio is meant any radio protocol that does not require the operator running the mobile network to have obtained a license from the appropriate regulatory body. In general, such unlicensed-radio technologies must be low power and thus of limited range compared to licensed mobile radio services. This means that the battery lifetime of mobile terminals will be greater. Moreover, because the range is low the unlicensed-radio may be a broadband radio, thus providing improved voice quality. The radio interface may utilise any suitable unlicensed-radio protocol, for example a wireless LAN protocol or Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). Preferably, however, Bluetooth radio is utilised, which has a high bandwidth and lower power consumption than conventional public mobile network radio. The Bluetooth standard specifies a two-way digital radio link for short-range connections between different devices. Devices are equipped with a transceiver that transmits and receives in a frequency band around 2.45GHz. This band is available globally with some variation of bandwidth depending on the country. In addition to data, up to three voice channels are available. Each device has a unique 48-bit address from the IEEE 802 standard. Built-in encryption and verification is also available. The element of the fixed access network portion 30 adapted to communicate across the Bluetooth interface is designated a local or home base station (HBS) 301. This element handles the radio link protocols with the mobile terminal MS 1 and contains radio transceivers that define a cell in a similar manner to the operation of a conventional GSM base station transceiver BTS 101. The home base station HBS 301 is controlled by a home base station controller WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 HBSC 303, which communicates with a mobile service switching centre MSC 202 over the GSM standard A interface and also with a serving GPRS support node SGSN 203 over a standard Gb interface, if available in the core network portion. The interface between the home base station HBS 301 and its home 5 base station controller HBSC 303 is designated a Y-interface. The home base station controller HBSC 303 provides the connection between the MSC 202 or SGSN 203 and mobile terminal 1. The joint function of the home base station HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 emulates the operation of the BSS 10 towards the SGSN 203 and MSC 202. In other words, 10 when viewed from title elements of the core network 20 such as the mobile service switching centre (MSC) 202 and the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 203, the fixed access network portion 30 constituted by the home base stations HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 looks like a conventional access network portion 10. 15 The applications that run on the mobile terminal MS 1 on top of the public mobile network radio interfaces also run on top of Bluetooth radio between the mobile terminal 1 and the home base station HBS 301. 20 The interface between the home base station HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 which is designated Y in Fig. 1 is preferably provided by a fixed link. The home base station 301 is intended to be a small device that a subscriber can purchase and install in a desired location such as the home or an office environment to obtain a fixed access to the mobile 25 network However, they could also be installed by operators in traffic hotspots. In order to reduce the installation costs on the part of the operator, the interface between the home base station 301 and the home base station controller 303, which is designated interface Y in Fig. 1 therefore preferably exploits an already existing connection provided by a fixed network 302. 30 Preferably this network is a broadband packet-switched network. Suitable WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 11 networks might include those based on ADSL, Ethernet, LMDS, or the like. Home connections to such networks are increasingly available to subscribers. Although not shown in Fig. 1, the home base station HBS 301 will be connected to a network terminal giving access to the fixed network 302, while 5 the home base station controller HBSC 303 may be connected to an edge router ER of the network 302 that also links the fixed network 302 to other networks such as intranets and the internet IP is used for communication between the home base station HBS 301 and home base station controller HBSC 303 over the fixed network 302 to render the transport of data 10 independent of the network type. The link between the home base station HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 is preferably always open, so that this connection is always available without the need for reserving a channel. While the fixed network 302 is preferably an IP-based network, ATM-based networks could also be used. In particular when DSL 15 technologies are used in this network, they could be used directly on top of the ATM layer, since they are based on ATM. Naturally, an ATM based network could also be used to transport IP, serving as a base layer. The home base station HBS 301 is installed by plugging it in to a port of a 20 suitable modem, such as an ADSL or CATV modem, to access the fixed network 302. The port is in contact with an intranet that is either bridged or routed on the IP level. Thus standard protocols, such as IP, DHCP, DNS and the like are used. The home base station HBS 301 connected to the modem utilises these standard protocols and functions to establish a connection with a 25 home base station controller HBSC 303. A sign-on procedure for a home base station 301 connecting for the first time or reconnecting to a home base station controller HBSC 303 is for example described in European patent application No. EP-A-1 207 708. Prior to establishing a voice or data connection between the home base station controller HBSC 303 and a home base station HBS 301 a static 30 TCP connection is established between these elements across the fixed broadband WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 network 302. The base stations 101 and 301 in both the conventional access network 10 portion and the unlicensed-radio access network portion 30 define a coverage 5 area depicted in Fig. 1 by hexagonal cells 104, 304, respectively. While the relative dimensions of these cells are not accurate in the figure, it is nevertheless clear that the cell coverage of a conventional BTS 101 is far greater man the mini-cell generated by a comparatively low power home base station HBS 301. A mini-cell will have a diameter of around 50 to 200m. 10 The GSM network is divided into several location areas LA, which are commonly separated geographically. A simplified logical structure of an extended GSM network showing the location areas is illustrated in Fig. 2. Four location areas, LAI, LA2, LA3 and LA4 are illustrated in Fig. 2. One mobile 15 services switching center MSC 202 controls a location area LA and is connected to an associated visitor location register 204. All base station controllers BSCs 103 connected to this mobile services switching center MSC 202 are assigned to this location area LA. This is also valid for all base station transceivers BTS 101 associated with each base station controller BSC 103, 20 although these are not illustrated in Fig. 2 for reasons of clarity. While some mobile services switching centers MSC 202 may take care of more than one location area LA, location areas are not split between mobile services switching centers MSC 202. 25 The mobile switching center MSC 202 in location area LA4 also controls a home base station controller HBSC 303. However, the home base station controller HBSC 303, and all home base stations HBS 301controlled by this home base station controller 303 are assigned a separate unique location area LA70. 30 WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 13 The visitor location register VLR 204 connected to each mobile services switching center MSC 202 contains information about the mobile stations MS 1 that are located in the location areas within the control of the associated mobile switching center MSC 202. The base station transceivers BTS 101 in 5 each location area broadcast the location area to mobiles within the cell 104. A mobile roaming within the network is thus able to detect which location area it is in. When a mobile station 1 moves from a cell in one location area to a cell in a different location area, it sends a location area update message to the core network. The information corresponding to this mobile is men updated in 10 the corresponding visitor location register VLR 204. If the visitor location register VLR 204 is different from the last visitor location register the mobile station was registered with, this information is also updated in the home location register HLR 201. When the core network needs to locate a mobile station, the location area information is retrieved from the current visitor 15 location register VLR 204 and a paging message is then despatched to the relevant base station controllers BSC 103, depending on how paging is handled in the core network. For example if global paging is carried out the paging message is sent to all base station controllers BSC 103. Alternatively, a paging addressed may be to the mobile switching center MSC 202 20 controlling the identified location area, which in turn forwards this paging message to all cells 104 (i.e. all base station transceivers BTS 101) within that location area. On the level of the core network 20, the same procedure is followed when a 25 mobile station roams into the coverage area of an unlicensed-radio access point or home base station HBS 301. All home base stations HBS 301 belonging to the same access network, i.e. all home base stations HBS 301 connected to the same access point controller or home base station controller HBSC 303, are assigned to the same location area or group of location areas. 30 A location area update message will thus be sent to the core network by the WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 14 mobile station MS 1 when the mobile station first enters a mini-cell 304. The paging of the mobile station is also identical from the core network side. The paging message is sent to the home base station controller HBSC 303. However, at this point the similarity with a conventional GSM cellular 5 network ceases. Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which illustrates the unlicensed-radio access network 30 and specifically the home base station controller 303 in more detail. The unlicensed-radio access network depicted in Fig. 3 includes a home base 10 station controller HBSC 303 connected via a fixed broadband network 302 to two access points or home base stations HBS1 and HBS2 301. Three mobile stations MSI - MS3 1 are located in the mini-cells 304 of these home base station controllers HBS 301. The home base station controller HBSC 303 is connected to a mobile services switching center MSC 202, which in turn has 15 access to a visitor location register VLR 204. The remaining elements of a conventional cellular core network 20 are omitted from the figure. The home base station HBSC 303 in Fig. 3 comprises a database 3031 illustrated schematically as a table in die figure. This database 3031 contains identification information for all mobile stations operating in the coverage area 20 of me unlicensed-radio access network 30. The identification information is preferably the International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMSI. In any event, me identification information must be die same or at least indicative of the identification used by me core network 20 for each mobile station MS 1. This information is conventionally signalled by a mobile station 1 to a base station 25 when it is within die respective cell. In tiiis database 3031 me mobile station identification information is coupled with the identification of me access point or home base station HBS 301 controlling the mini-cell 304 me mobile station is currently located in. This home base station identification may be an identifier assigned to this home base station HBS 301 or it may indicate me 30 network address of the home base station HBS on me fixed broadband WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 15 network 302. By way of example, mobile station MS 1 is located in the mini- cell of home base station 1. Consequently, the IMSI of this mobile station MSI is mapped to the identification of home base station 1 HBS1 in the home base station controller database 3031. Similarly, the IMSI of mobile station 5 MS2 is mapped to home base station HBS1 and the IMSI of mobile station MS3 is mapped to home base station HBS2. In mis way the home base station controller HBSC 303 upon receiving a paging message from the core network 20 is able to retrieve the current 10 location of the mobile station MS 1 from the database 3031 and forward the paging message to the relevant home base station HBS 301 only. The paging message is transmitted via the established static TCP connection between the home base station controller HBSC 303 and the home base station HBS 301. As a result of the small size of the coverage areas of each home base station 15 HBS 301 the number of mini-cells under the control of a single home base station controller HBSC 303 may number thousands. Moreover, this number may change constantly as a consequence of the ease with which the home base stations HBS 301 can be added or removed from the unlicensed-radio access network 30. 20 Enabling the home base station controller HBSC 303 to forward paging messages to the particular home base station HBS 301 in contact with a mobile station MS 1 thus means that the amount of signalling that would otherwise be required between the home base station controller HBSC 303 and 25 all home base stations HBS 301 is greatly reduced. Preferably, the home base station controller HBSC 303 does not simply forward the paging message from the core network to the targeted home base station HBS but rather addresses the mobile station itself. This avoids the 30 paging message being broadcast in the home base station HBS 301 coverage WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 area and still further reduces the signalling traffic involved. The home base station controller database 3031 is updated in the following manner. When a mobile station MS 1 appears in the coverage area or mini- 5 cell 304 of a home base station HBS 301 and is authorised to use its services, the identification of the mobile station MS 1 or IMSI is sent to the home base station HBS 301 over the unlicensed-radio interface X. The mobile station identification MSI is then sent to the home base station controller HBSC 303, where it is stored in the database 3031 in association with information on the 10 home base station HBS 301. It is noted that while the database illustrated in Fig. 3 shows the mobile station identifier and the home base station identifier as two sets of data, this is only one possible configuration. A further option would be to store the mobile station identification information at a specific address, location or field that is associated with the home base station HBS 15 301. When the mobile station MS 1 leaves the coverage area of the home base station HBS 301 or is turned off while in this coverage area, the home base station HBS 301 informs the home base station controller HBSC 303 that the 20 mobile station is no longer reachable and the mobile station identification information is updated in the home base station controller database 3031. Alternatively the home base station need not actively signal the cessation of communication with the mobile station, rather the static TCP connection between the home base station and home base station controller can be 25 dropped. As discussed earlier, communication between the home base station HBS 301 and home base station controller HBSC 303 is conducted over a static TCP/IP connection. This connection requires an exchange of Keep Alive-messages to keep the connection alive. When a mobile station MS 1 is turned off or has left the coverage area of a home base station HBS 301, the 30 home base station HBS 301 has no reason to maintain the static TCP WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 connection as no further messages are being received from the mobile station MS 1. The home base station controller HBSC 303 will recognise that no further Keep Alive-messages are being received from the home base station HBS 301 to maintain the static TCP connection and can consequently remove 5 the address and identification data related to the mobile station MS on this home base station HBS 301. In an alternative embodiment, the database 3031 does not store the mobile station identifier and access point address on a one-to-one basis but rather 10 associates mobile station identifiers with a group of access points 301. These access points 301 could, for example, be clustered together and thus be in a relatively small geographical area. In this manner, the home base station controller HBSC 303 would forward a paging message received from the core network 20 to a specific group of mini-cells only. This arrangement has the 15 advantage the that database could be fragmented into several sections, each section being devoted to a specific geographical area, or possible to a specific subscriber. The update procedures described above would then be necessary only when a mobile station MS 1 moved out of the coverage area of a cluster of home base stations 301. 20 The above description of an unlicensed-radio access network includes home base stations HBS 301 that function as end points in the access network 30 actively establish and maintain a connection with the home base station controller HBSC 303. However, in an alternative embodiment of the access 25 network 30, the home base stations HBC 301 are simply transparent access points for a mobile station MS using an unlicensed radio interface to the fixed broadband network 302 without specific functionality relating to the unlicensed-radio access network 30. With this arrangement, the mobile station MS 1 is provided with the necessary functionality to communicate directly 30 with the home base station controller HBSC 303 over an unlicensed-radio WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 18 interface and the broadband network via the access point. Accordingly, the mobile station MS itself establishes a static TCP connection with the home base station controller HBSC over the fixed broadband network 302. Moreover, until such a connection is established there is no communication 5 between the access point 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303. The home base station controller HBSC 303 holds no information on the access point 301. When the unlicensed-radio access network takes this form, the home base 10 station controller database 3031 must be updated with information concerning the mobile station MS 1 only. This information includes the identification or IMSI of the mobile station as well as the fixed broadband network address via which the mobile station communicates. This embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 4. 15 Fig. 4 shows the same elements as Fig. 3 with the exception mat access points AP 30 V replace home base stations HBS 301. The remaining elements are the same as in Fig. 3 and a detailed description of these elements will not be given here. With this modification, in the unlicensed-radio access network 30, the 20 home base station controller database 3031 now holds information identifying a mobile station MS 1 connected to the access network (IMSI) as well as the network or IP address "IPaddr" of this mobile station on the fixed broadband network. In the figure, mobile station MSI and mobile station MS2 have been assigned different IP addresses, namely IPaddrl and IPaddr2, 25 respectively, although they communicate with the home base station controller via the same access point AP 1. It will be understood, however, that the actual network address may be the same for both mobile stations, but that the identification of each mobile station is then used to address a specific mobile station. 30 WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357 19 In this embodiment also the home base station controller database 3031 holds data only on those mobile stations that are active within the coverage area of the unlicensed-radio access network 3. Each mobile station MS identity is stored with the associated network address when the mobile station 5 establishes contact with the home base station controller HBSC 301. Unlike a home base station 301, a transparent access point 30 V is not able to detect when a mobile station MS 1 has left its coverage area or when a mobile station is switched off, nor is it able to communicate independently with the home base station controller HBSC 303. For this reason, a signalling mechanism is 10 used between the mobile station MS 1 and the base station controller HBSC 303 indicating that the connection between these two is alive. When the home base station controller HBSC 303 determines that a Keep Alive-message has not been received from the mobile station 1 within a certain time period or in response to another message, it will delete the corresponding entry in the 15 database 3031. As described above with reference to Fig. 3, this messaging may be part of the messaging required to keep the static TCP connection alive between the mobile station and the home base station controller. The above detailed description of cell management has referred only to GSM 20 networks as a conventional public mobile network. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the above description applies equally to other conventional public mobile networks, such as UMTS or CDMA2000. EP04 02357 09-01-2006 20 P001 805 PC/HG Claims: 5 1. An unlicensed-radio access network connected to a core network portion (20) of a licensed mobile network, said unlicensed-radio access network (30) including an access controller (303) connected to said core network portion, a fixed broadband network (302) connected to said access controller and having a plurality of access points (301), each said access 10 point defining a mini-cell coverage area (304) and supporting an unlicensed-radio interface permitting communication between mobile stations (1) located within a respective mini-cell and said access controller (303), characterised in that said access controller (303) is associated with one or more location areas in said licensed radio mobile network and 15 comprises a database (3031) for storing the identification of mobile stations in association with address information of said mobile station on said fixed broadband network, said access controller (303) being adapted to delete said identification data when said mobile station ceases to operate in the coverage areas of said unlicensed radio access network. 20 2. An access network as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said database (3031) is adapted to store the identification of mobile stations in association with at least one specific access point (301) for the coverage area in which said mobile station is located. 25 3. An access network as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said access point controller (303) is adapted to receive from said core network portion (20) a paging message containing the identification of a mobile station (1) located in the associated location area, to identify the at least 30 one access point (301) associated with said identified mobile station and to AMENDED SHEET 09-01-2006 EP04O2357 transmit said paging message to said identified at least one access point only. 4. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that 5 said access network controller (303) is adapted to receive from a mobile station (1) a message registering identification data for said mobile station and to store said new identification data in said database in association with address information for said mobile station on said fixed broadband network (302). 10 5. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that said mobile station identification data is the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). 15 6. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that said address information is a network address of said access points (301) on said fixed broadband network (302). 7. An access network as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that said address 20 information relates identifies an access point (301) communicating with said mobile station. 8. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that said access controller (303) is adapted to delete said identification data on 25 receipt of a message from said access point (301) that said mobile station (1) is no longer communicating with said access point. 9. An access network as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that said access network controller (303) is adapted to determine whether a 30 connection with said mobile station is maintained and to delete said AMENDED SHEET 09-01-2006 EP0402357 identification data on determining that said connection is no longer maintained. 10. An access network as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in 5 that said database (3031) is adapted to store the identification of mobile stations in association with a group of access point (301) addresses, wherein said unlicensed access network comprises more than one group of access points. 10 11. A method in an unlicensed-radio access network comprising a plurality of access points (301) adapted to communicate with mobile stations (1) over an unlicensed-radio interface and an access controller (303) connected to said access points via a broadband network and to a core network portion of a licensed-radio cellular network, said method including the steps of: 15 receiving identification information specific to a mobile station from said mobile station, registering said mobile station identification information in association with information identifying at least one access point in said access point controller, and 20 updating said registered information when communication between said mobile station and said unlicensed radio access network ceases. 12. A method as claimed in claim 11, further characterised by the steps of: receiving in said access controller a message from said core network 25 portion paging a mobile station, retrieving information identifying at least one access point for said paged mobile, and forwarding said paging message only to the at least one access point identified in association with said registered mobile station identification 30 information. AMENDED SHEET 09-01-2006 EP04O2357 13. A method as claimed in any one of claims 11 or 12, characterised in that said registering step includes registering said mobile station identification 5 information in association with information identifying a group of access points in said access point controller. 14. A method in an unlicensed-radio access network comprising a fixed broadband network with plurality of access points (301) and an access 10 controller (303) connected to said fixed broadband network and to a core network portion of a licensed-radio cellular network and adapted to communicate with mobile stations (1) over an unlicensed-radio interface via said access points, said method including the steps of: said access controller establishing communication with a mobile station 15 using a network address on said fixed broadband network for said mobile station, receiving identification information specific to a mobile station from said mobile station, registering said mobile station identification information in association 20 with said mobile station network address on said fixed broadband network, determining when a connection established with said mobile station is no longer maintained and deleting said mobile station identification information when it is determined that a connection is no longer maintained 25 15. A method as claimed in claim 14, further characterised by the steps of: receiving in said access controller a message from said core network portion paging a mobile station, retrieving mobile station identification information registered for said 30 paged mobile, and 23 AMENDED SHEET 09-01-2006 24 EP04O2357 forwarding said paging message only to the network address identified in association with said registered mobile station identification information. 16. An unlicensed-radio access network connected to a core network portion of a licensed mobile network and a method in an unlicensed-radio access network substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this the 02nd day of August, 2006. S.AFSAR OF K & S PARTNERS AGENT FOR THE APPLICANTS 24 AMENDED SHEET 25 ABSTRACT "UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS" An unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed cellular mobile network and includes a broadband network (302) with a plurality of access points (301) each defining a mini-cell and adapted to communicate with mobile stations located within a mini-cell over an unlicensed-radio interface. An access controller (303) is connected to the core network portion and to the broadband network. In accordance with the invention, the access controller (303) is associated with its own location area or areas in the licensed radio mobile network and comprises a database for storing the identification of mobile stations in association with at least one specific access point or broadband network address. This arrangement permits a mobile station to be locating within the access network in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue signalling load. 25

Full Text

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10, rule 13)
"UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS"
TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L. M. ERICSSON (publ), a
Swedish Company of S-164 83 Stockholm (SE).
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
2
Unlicensed-radio access networks in mobile cellular communication networks
5 Field of invention
The invention relates to cellular mobile communication networks having unlicensed-radio access networks. The invention has specific relevance to paging within the coverage area of an unlicensed-radio access network.
10 Background art
In any cellular mobile communication system, such as a GSM network, mobility management, i.e. the location of subscribers or mobile stations is handled on different levels. At the topmost level, the home location registers (HLR) hold data on which part of a network a mobile subscriber is roaming in
15 and also which visitor location register (VLR) the mobile subscriber is
currently registered with. Visitor location registers (VLR) hold data on which location area (LA) a mobile subscriber is currently in. A location area is controlled by a mobile switching center (MSC) and a number of base station controllers (BSC) and is divided into several cells each representing the
20 coverage area of a base station transceiver (BTS). The location area is
broadcast in each cell by the base transceiver station BTS. A roaming mobile station is thus able to detect when it moves from one location area to the next and can inform the visitor location register VLR. However, if the mobile station simply moves from one cell to another within the same location area
25 the visitor location area is not informed. This means that in order to locate a
mobile station within the network the core network knows only which location area the mobile is in and must page the mobile in all cells within this location area.
30 Conventional cellular networks can be extended by adding access networks

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
3
that utilise a low power unlicensed-radio interface to communicate with
mobile stations. These access networks are designed to be used together with
the core elements of a standard public mobile network and consist essentially
of plug-in low-power unlicensed radio transceivers, or access points, each
5 designed to establish an unlicensed radio link with a mobile station MS and a
controller or interface node connecting the unlicensed radio transceivers with the mobile core network. Suitable unlicensed-radio formats include digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT), wireless LAN and Bluetooth. An adapted mobile handset capable of operating over both the standard air
10 interface (e.g. the Um interface) and the unlicensed-radio interface means that
the subscriber requires only one phone for all environments. The access network is constructed so that the core elements, such as the mobile switching centers MSC, of the public mobile network views the interface node as a conventional base station controller BSC. Such an access network and the
15 mobile station for use with this access network are described in European
patent application No. EP-A-1207 708.
The low power and resultant low range of the unlicensed-radio interface means that several such access networks may be provided in relatively close
20 proximity, for example one access network per floor of an office building or in
a private home. The connection between the unlicensed-radio transceivers and the associated controller is preferably provided by a fixed broadband network. Preferably communication over this network uses the internet protocol IP, which greatly facilitates the installation of the access network, permitting a
25 subscriber to plug-in an unlicensed-radio transceiver in his own home and
even move it temporarily to an alternative location, and consequently install an unlicensed-radio access point himself. The combination of the small size of the access point coverage areas and the ease with which it can be installed and moved means that each access point controller will be controlling a very large
30 but frequently changing number of cells compared to the equivalent base

09-01-2006

4

EP0402357

station controller of a conventional cellular network. Consequently when a
mobile station roaming somewhere in the unlicensed radio access network
must be paged by the core network, the signalling load on the access point
controller will be very high due to the large number of cells and access points
5 implicated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the light of the above problems it is an object of the present invention to
provide an unlicensed-radio access network capable of locating a mobile
10 station in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue
signalling load.
This and further objects are achieved in an unlicensed-radio access network and method carried out in the same in accordance with the attached claims.
15
Specifically, the unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed mobile cellular network and includes an access controller connected to the core network and a fixed broadband network connected to the access controller and having a plurality of access points. Each
20 access point defines a mini-cell coverage area and supports an unlicensed-
radio interface permitting communication between mobile stations located within a respective mini-cell and the access controller. In accordance with the invention, the access controller is associated with one or more location areas in the licensed-radio mobile cellular network and comprises a database for
25 storing the identification of mobile stations in association with address
information on the fixed broadband network or at least one access point for each mobile station. The access controller is also adapted to delete the stored identification data when communication between the mobile station and the unlicensed radio access network ceases
30
AMENDED SHEET

09-01-2006

5

EP04O2357

The provision of a database for associating the identification of the mobile
station with a broadband network address or the access point via which the
mobile station communicates with the access network essentially provides an
intermediate level of mobility management. In this way the access network
5 can actively direct messages from the core network towards a specific address,
access point or group of access points to reduce the amount of signalling to and from the access points. Moreover, by permitting all registration and deletion of information to be controlled by the access controller the database is updated without the involvement of the core network.,
The access points may either comprise separate entities capable of establishing a connection with the access controller even when no mobile station is located in its coverage area, or they may be essentially transparent access points or nodes to the broadband network that simply relay messages between a mobile
15 station and the access controller while providing the conversion between the
unlicensed-radio interface and the fixed broadband network. In this latter case, the mobile stations will be assigned a network address on the broadband network, since the access points are not recognised as separate entities by the access controller.
20
Preferably, the access controller is adapted to receive from the core network portion a paging message containing the identification of a mobile station located in the associated location area, to identify the network address or access point associated with the identified mobile station and to transmit the
25 paging message to the identified access point or points only.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the access
network controller is adapted to receive from a mobile station a message
registering identification data for the mobile station and to store the new
30 identification data in the database in association with information concerning
AMENDED SHEET

6

EP04 02357

an access point communicating with said mobile station. Similarly, the access controller is adapted to delete the identification data when the mobile station is no longer communicating with it. This may be on receipt of a message from
AMENDED SHEET

10

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
the access point that said mobile station is no longer communicating with said access point. Alternatively, the access controller may monitor the connection established with a mobile station and determine when this connection is no longer maintained.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments that are given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figures:
Fig. 1 schematically depicts parts of a GSM network modified to
include an unlicensed-radio access network,

Fig. 2 schematically depicts the system of location areas in the
15 modified GSM network of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the unlicensed access network in
accordance with the present invention for a first embodiment, and
20
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates the unlicensed access network in
accordance with the present invention for a second embodiment wherein the unlicensed-radio access network has transparent access points.
25
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 schematically depicts parts of a conventional GSM network. This
network is essentially divided into a core network portion 20 and an access
portion 10. The elements of the core network illustrated in the figure include
30 the mobile switching centers or MSc's 202, associated home location register

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
HLR 201 and visitor location register VLR 204. The function and structure of
these conventional GSM architecture elements are known to those in the art
and will not be described in further detail here. The core network also supports
the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and to this end serving GPRS
5 support nodes (SGSN) 203 are illustrated. Although not illustrated in the
figure, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the core network
portion may include access to other mobile and fixed-line networks, such as
ISDN and PSTN networks, packet and circuit switched packet data networks
such as intranets, extranets and the Internet through one or more gateway
10 nodes.
The access portion essentially consists of base station subsystems BSS 10, one of which is illustrated in Fig. 1, which communicate via defined fixed standard A and Gb interfaces with MSCs 202 and SGSNs 203, respectively in the core
15 network portion 20. Each base station subsystem BSS 10 includes a base
station controller BSC 103 which communicates with one or more base transceiver stations BTS 101 via the defined Abis air interface 102. The base transceiver stations 101 communicate with mobile terminals MS 1 over the GSM standard Um radio air interface. It will be understood that while the BTS
20 101 and BSC 103 are depicted as forming a single entity in the BSS 10, the
BSC 103 is often separate from the BTSs 101 and may even be located at the mobile services switching centre MSC 202. The physical division depicted in Fig. 1 serves to distinguish between the parts of the network making up the access network portion 10 and those that form the core network portion 20.
25
In addition to the standard access network portion provided by the BSS's 10 the network depicted in Fig. 1 further includes a modified access network portion 30 shown in the lower half of the figure. Hereinafter this will be described as an unlicensed-radio access network portion 30.

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
The components making up this unlicensed-radio access network portion 30 also enable the mobile terminal 1 to access the GSM core network portion, and through this, other communication networks via an unlicensed-radio interface X, represented in Fig. 1 by the bi-directional arrow 31. By unlicensed-radio is meant any radio protocol that does not require the operator running the mobile network to have obtained a license from the appropriate regulatory body. In general, such unlicensed-radio technologies must be low power and thus of limited range compared to licensed mobile radio services. This means that the battery lifetime of mobile terminals will be greater. Moreover, because the range is low the unlicensed-radio may be a broadband radio, thus providing improved voice quality. The radio interface may utilise any suitable unlicensed-radio protocol, for example a wireless LAN protocol or Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). Preferably, however, Bluetooth radio is utilised, which has a high bandwidth and lower power consumption than conventional public mobile network radio.
The Bluetooth standard specifies a two-way digital radio link for short-range connections between different devices. Devices are equipped with a transceiver that transmits and receives in a frequency band around 2.45GHz. This band is available globally with some variation of bandwidth depending on the country. In addition to data, up to three voice channels are available. Each device has a unique 48-bit address from the IEEE 802 standard. Built-in encryption and verification is also available.
The element of the fixed access network portion 30 adapted to communicate across the Bluetooth interface is designated a local or home base station (HBS) 301. This element handles the radio link protocols with the mobile terminal MS 1 and contains radio transceivers that define a cell in a similar manner to the operation of a conventional GSM base station transceiver BTS 101. The home base station HBS 301 is controlled by a home base station controller

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
HBSC 303, which communicates with a mobile service switching centre MSC
202 over the GSM standard A interface and also with a serving GPRS support
node SGSN 203 over a standard Gb interface, if available in the core network
portion. The interface between the home base station HBS 301 and its home
5 base station controller HBSC 303 is designated a Y-interface. The home base
station controller HBSC 303 provides the connection between the MSC 202 or SGSN 203 and mobile terminal 1. The joint function of the home base station HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 emulates the operation of the BSS 10 towards the SGSN 203 and MSC 202. In other words,
10 when viewed from title elements of the core network 20 such as the mobile
service switching centre (MSC) 202 and the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 203, the fixed access network portion 30 constituted by the home base stations HBS 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 looks like a conventional access network portion 10.
15
The applications that run on the mobile terminal MS 1 on top of the public mobile network radio interfaces also run on top of Bluetooth radio between the mobile terminal 1 and the home base station HBS 301.
20 The interface between the home base station HBS 301 and the home base
station controller HBSC 303 which is designated Y in Fig. 1 is preferably provided by a fixed link. The home base station 301 is intended to be a small device that a subscriber can purchase and install in a desired location such as the home or an office environment to obtain a fixed access to the mobile
25 network However, they could also be installed by operators in traffic hotspots.
In order to reduce the installation costs on the part of the operator, the interface between the home base station 301 and the home base station controller 303, which is designated interface Y in Fig. 1 therefore preferably exploits an already existing connection provided by a fixed network 302.
30 Preferably this network is a broadband packet-switched network. Suitable

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
11
networks might include those based on ADSL, Ethernet, LMDS, or the like.
Home connections to such networks are increasingly available to subscribers.
Although not shown in Fig. 1, the home base station HBS 301 will be
connected to a network terminal giving access to the fixed network 302, while
5 the home base station controller HBSC 303 may be connected to an edge
router ER of the network 302 that also links the fixed network 302 to other networks such as intranets and the internet IP is used for communication between the home base station HBS 301 and home base station controller HBSC 303 over the fixed network 302 to render the transport of data
10 independent of the network type. The link between the home base station HBS
301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303 is preferably always open, so that this connection is always available without the need for reserving a channel. While the fixed network 302 is preferably an IP-based network, ATM-based networks could also be used. In particular when DSL
15 technologies are used in this network, they could be used directly on top of the
ATM layer, since they are based on ATM. Naturally, an ATM based network could also be used to transport IP, serving as a base layer.
The home base station HBS 301 is installed by plugging it in to a port of a
20 suitable modem, such as an ADSL or CATV modem, to access the fixed
network 302. The port is in contact with an intranet that is either bridged or
routed on the IP level. Thus standard protocols, such as IP, DHCP, DNS and
the like are used. The home base station HBS 301 connected to the modem
utilises these standard protocols and functions to establish a connection with a
25 home base station controller HBSC 303. A sign-on procedure for a home base
station 301 connecting for the first time or reconnecting to a home base station
controller HBSC 303 is for example described in European patent application
No. EP-A-1 207 708. Prior to establishing a voice or data connection between the
home base station controller HBSC 303 and a home base station HBS 301 a static
30 TCP connection is established between these elements across the fixed broadband

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
network 302.
The base stations 101 and 301 in both the conventional access network 10
portion and the unlicensed-radio access network portion 30 define a coverage
5 area depicted in Fig. 1 by hexagonal cells 104, 304, respectively. While the
relative dimensions of these cells are not accurate in the figure, it is nevertheless clear that the cell coverage of a conventional BTS 101 is far greater man the mini-cell generated by a comparatively low power home base station HBS 301. A mini-cell will have a diameter of around 50 to 200m.
10
The GSM network is divided into several location areas LA, which are commonly separated geographically. A simplified logical structure of an extended GSM network showing the location areas is illustrated in Fig. 2. Four location areas, LAI, LA2, LA3 and LA4 are illustrated in Fig. 2. One mobile
15 services switching center MSC 202 controls a location area LA and is
connected to an associated visitor location register 204. All base station controllers BSCs 103 connected to this mobile services switching center MSC 202 are assigned to this location area LA. This is also valid for all base station transceivers BTS 101 associated with each base station controller BSC 103,
20 although these are not illustrated in Fig. 2 for reasons of clarity. While some
mobile services switching centers MSC 202 may take care of more than one location area LA, location areas are not split between mobile services switching centers MSC 202.
25 The mobile switching center MSC 202 in location area LA4 also controls a
home base station controller HBSC 303. However, the home base station controller HBSC 303, and all home base stations HBS 301controlled by this home base station controller 303 are assigned a separate unique location area LA70.
30

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
13
The visitor location register VLR 204 connected to each mobile services
switching center MSC 202 contains information about the mobile stations MS
1 that are located in the location areas within the control of the associated
mobile switching center MSC 202. The base station transceivers BTS 101 in
5 each location area broadcast the location area to mobiles within the cell 104.
A mobile roaming within the network is thus able to detect which location area it is in. When a mobile station 1 moves from a cell in one location area to a cell in a different location area, it sends a location area update message to the core network. The information corresponding to this mobile is men updated in
10 the corresponding visitor location register VLR 204. If the visitor location
register VLR 204 is different from the last visitor location register the mobile station was registered with, this information is also updated in the home location register HLR 201. When the core network needs to locate a mobile station, the location area information is retrieved from the current visitor
15 location register VLR 204 and a paging message is then despatched to the
relevant base station controllers BSC 103, depending on how paging is handled in the core network. For example if global paging is carried out the paging message is sent to all base station controllers BSC 103. Alternatively, a paging addressed may be to the mobile switching center MSC 202
20 controlling the identified location area, which in turn forwards this paging
message to all cells 104 (i.e. all base station transceivers BTS 101) within that location area.
On the level of the core network 20, the same procedure is followed when a
25 mobile station roams into the coverage area of an unlicensed-radio access
point or home base station HBS 301. All home base stations HBS 301
belonging to the same access network, i.e. all home base stations HBS 301
connected to the same access point controller or home base station controller
HBSC 303, are assigned to the same location area or group of location areas.
30 A location area update message will thus be sent to the core network by the

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
14
mobile station MS 1 when the mobile station first enters a mini-cell 304. The
paging of the mobile station is also identical from the core network side. The
paging message is sent to the home base station controller HBSC 303.
However, at this point the similarity with a conventional GSM cellular
5 network ceases. Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which illustrates the
unlicensed-radio access network 30 and specifically the home base station controller 303 in more detail.
The unlicensed-radio access network depicted in Fig. 3 includes a home base
10 station controller HBSC 303 connected via a fixed broadband network 302 to
two access points or home base stations HBS1 and HBS2 301. Three mobile stations MSI - MS3 1 are located in the mini-cells 304 of these home base station controllers HBS 301. The home base station controller HBSC 303 is connected to a mobile services switching center MSC 202, which in turn has
15 access to a visitor location register VLR 204. The remaining elements of a
conventional cellular core network 20 are omitted from the figure. The home base station HBSC 303 in Fig. 3 comprises a database 3031 illustrated schematically as a table in die figure. This database 3031 contains identification information for all mobile stations operating in the coverage area
20 of me unlicensed-radio access network 30. The identification information is
preferably the International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMSI. In any event, me identification information must be die same or at least indicative of the identification used by me core network 20 for each mobile station MS 1. This information is conventionally signalled by a mobile station 1 to a base station
25 when it is within die respective cell. In tiiis database 3031 me mobile station
identification information is coupled with the identification of me access point or home base station HBS 301 controlling the mini-cell 304 me mobile station is currently located in. This home base station identification may be an identifier assigned to this home base station HBS 301 or it may indicate me
30 network address of the home base station HBS on me fixed broadband

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
15
network 302. By way of example, mobile station MS 1 is located in the mini-
cell of home base station 1. Consequently, the IMSI of this mobile station
MSI is mapped to the identification of home base station 1 HBS1 in the home
base station controller database 3031. Similarly, the IMSI of mobile station
5 MS2 is mapped to home base station HBS1 and the IMSI of mobile station
MS3 is mapped to home base station HBS2.
In mis way the home base station controller HBSC 303 upon receiving a paging message from the core network 20 is able to retrieve the current
10 location of the mobile station MS 1 from the database 3031 and forward the
paging message to the relevant home base station HBS 301 only. The paging message is transmitted via the established static TCP connection between the home base station controller HBSC 303 and the home base station HBS 301. As a result of the small size of the coverage areas of each home base station
15 HBS 301 the number of mini-cells under the control of a single home base
station controller HBSC 303 may number thousands. Moreover, this number may change constantly as a consequence of the ease with which the home base stations HBS 301 can be added or removed from the unlicensed-radio access network 30.
20
Enabling the home base station controller HBSC 303 to forward paging messages to the particular home base station HBS 301 in contact with a mobile station MS 1 thus means that the amount of signalling that would otherwise be required between the home base station controller HBSC 303 and
25 all home base stations HBS 301 is greatly reduced.
Preferably, the home base station controller HBSC 303 does not simply
forward the paging message from the core network to the targeted home base
station HBS but rather addresses the mobile station itself. This avoids the
30 paging message being broadcast in the home base station HBS 301 coverage

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
area and still further reduces the signalling traffic involved.
The home base station controller database 3031 is updated in the following
manner. When a mobile station MS 1 appears in the coverage area or mini-
5 cell 304 of a home base station HBS 301 and is authorised to use its services,
the identification of the mobile station MS 1 or IMSI is sent to the home base station HBS 301 over the unlicensed-radio interface X. The mobile station identification MSI is then sent to the home base station controller HBSC 303, where it is stored in the database 3031 in association with information on the
10 home base station HBS 301. It is noted that while the database illustrated in
Fig. 3 shows the mobile station identifier and the home base station identifier as two sets of data, this is only one possible configuration. A further option would be to store the mobile station identification information at a specific address, location or field that is associated with the home base station HBS
15 301.
When the mobile station MS 1 leaves the coverage area of the home base station HBS 301 or is turned off while in this coverage area, the home base station HBS 301 informs the home base station controller HBSC 303 that the
20 mobile station is no longer reachable and the mobile station identification
information is updated in the home base station controller database 3031. Alternatively the home base station need not actively signal the cessation of communication with the mobile station, rather the static TCP connection between the home base station and home base station controller can be
25 dropped. As discussed earlier, communication between the home base station
HBS 301 and home base station controller HBSC 303 is conducted over a static TCP/IP connection. This connection requires an exchange of Keep Alive-messages to keep the connection alive. When a mobile station MS 1 is turned off or has left the coverage area of a home base station HBS 301, the
30 home base station HBS 301 has no reason to maintain the static TCP

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
connection as no further messages are being received from the mobile station
MS 1. The home base station controller HBSC 303 will recognise that no
further Keep Alive-messages are being received from the home base station
HBS 301 to maintain the static TCP connection and can consequently remove
5 the address and identification data related to the mobile station MS on this
home base station HBS 301.
In an alternative embodiment, the database 3031 does not store the mobile station identifier and access point address on a one-to-one basis but rather
10 associates mobile station identifiers with a group of access points 301. These
access points 301 could, for example, be clustered together and thus be in a relatively small geographical area. In this manner, the home base station controller HBSC 303 would forward a paging message received from the core network 20 to a specific group of mini-cells only. This arrangement has the
15 advantage the that database could be fragmented into several sections, each
section being devoted to a specific geographical area, or possible to a specific subscriber. The update procedures described above would then be necessary only when a mobile station MS 1 moved out of the coverage area of a cluster of home base stations 301.
20
The above description of an unlicensed-radio access network includes home base stations HBS 301 that function as end points in the access network 30 actively establish and maintain a connection with the home base station controller HBSC 303. However, in an alternative embodiment of the access
25 network 30, the home base stations HBC 301 are simply transparent access
points for a mobile station MS using an unlicensed radio interface to the fixed broadband network 302 without specific functionality relating to the unlicensed-radio access network 30. With this arrangement, the mobile station MS 1 is provided with the necessary functionality to communicate directly
30 with the home base station controller HBSC 303 over an unlicensed-radio

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18
interface and the broadband network via the access point. Accordingly, the
mobile station MS itself establishes a static TCP connection with the home
base station controller HBSC over the fixed broadband network 302.
Moreover, until such a connection is established there is no communication
5 between the access point 301 and the home base station controller HBSC 303.
The home base station controller HBSC 303 holds no information on the access point 301.
When the unlicensed-radio access network takes this form, the home base
10 station controller database 3031 must be updated with information concerning
the mobile station MS 1 only. This information includes the identification or IMSI of the mobile station as well as the fixed broadband network address via which the mobile station communicates. This embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 4.
15
Fig. 4 shows the same elements as Fig. 3 with the exception mat access points AP 30 V replace home base stations HBS 301. The remaining elements are the same as in Fig. 3 and a detailed description of these elements will not be given here. With this modification, in the unlicensed-radio access network 30, the
20 home base station controller database 3031 now holds information identifying
a mobile station MS 1 connected to the access network (IMSI) as well as the network or IP address "IPaddr" of this mobile station on the fixed broadband network. In the figure, mobile station MSI and mobile station MS2 have been assigned different IP addresses, namely IPaddrl and IPaddr2,
25 respectively, although they communicate with the home base station controller
via the same access point AP 1. It will be understood, however, that the actual network address may be the same for both mobile stations, but that the identification of each mobile station is then used to address a specific mobile station.
30

WO 2005/086421 PCT/EP2004/002357
19
In this embodiment also the home base station controller database 3031 holds
data only on those mobile stations that are active within the coverage area of
the unlicensed-radio access network 3. Each mobile station MS identity is
stored with the associated network address when the mobile station
5 establishes contact with the home base station controller HBSC 301. Unlike a
home base station 301, a transparent access point 30 V is not able to detect when a mobile station MS 1 has left its coverage area or when a mobile station is switched off, nor is it able to communicate independently with the home base station controller HBSC 303. For this reason, a signalling mechanism is
10 used between the mobile station MS 1 and the base station controller HBSC
303 indicating that the connection between these two is alive. When the home base station controller HBSC 303 determines that a Keep Alive-message has not been received from the mobile station 1 within a certain time period or in response to another message, it will delete the corresponding entry in the
15 database 3031. As described above with reference to Fig. 3, this messaging
may be part of the messaging required to keep the static TCP connection alive between the mobile station and the home base station controller.
The above detailed description of cell management has referred only to GSM
20 networks as a conventional public mobile network. It will be understood by
those skilled in the art, however, that the above description applies equally to other conventional public mobile networks, such as UMTS or CDMA2000.

EP04 02357
09-01-2006
20
P001 805 PC/HG
Claims:
5 1. An unlicensed-radio access network connected to a core network portion
(20) of a licensed mobile network, said unlicensed-radio access network (30) including an access controller (303) connected to said core network portion, a fixed broadband network (302) connected to said access controller and having a plurality of access points (301), each said access
10 point defining a mini-cell coverage area (304) and supporting an
unlicensed-radio interface permitting communication between mobile stations (1) located within a respective mini-cell and said access controller (303), characterised in that said access controller (303) is associated with one or more location areas in said licensed radio mobile network and
15 comprises a database (3031) for storing the identification of mobile
stations in association with address information of said mobile station on said fixed broadband network, said access controller (303) being adapted to delete said identification data when said mobile station ceases to operate in the coverage areas of said unlicensed radio access network.
20
2. An access network as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said
database (3031) is adapted to store the identification of mobile stations in
association with at least one specific access point (301) for the coverage
area in which said mobile station is located.
25
3. An access network as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said
access point controller (303) is adapted to receive from said core network
portion (20) a paging message containing the identification of a mobile
station (1) located in the associated location area, to identify the at least
30 one access point (301) associated with said identified mobile station and to
AMENDED SHEET

09-01-2006 EP04O2357
transmit said paging message to said identified at least one access point only.
4. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that
5 said access network controller (303) is adapted to receive from a mobile
station (1) a message registering identification data for said mobile station and to store said new identification data in said database in association with address information for said mobile station on said fixed broadband network (302).
10
5. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that
said mobile station identification data is the international mobile subscriber
identity (IMSI).
15 6. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that
said address information is a network address of said access points (301) on said fixed broadband network (302).
7. An access network as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that said address
20 information relates identifies an access point (301) communicating with
said mobile station.
8. An access network as claimed in any previous claim, characterised in that
said access controller (303) is adapted to delete said identification data on
25 receipt of a message from said access point (301) that said mobile station
(1) is no longer communicating with said access point.
9. An access network as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in
that said access network controller (303) is adapted to determine whether a
30 connection with said mobile station is maintained and to delete said
AMENDED SHEET

09-01-2006

EP0402357

identification data on determining that said connection is no longer maintained.
10. An access network as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in
5 that said database (3031) is adapted to store the identification of mobile
stations in association with a group of access point (301) addresses, wherein said unlicensed access network comprises more than one group of access points.
10 11. A method in an unlicensed-radio access network comprising a plurality of
access points (301) adapted to communicate with mobile stations (1) over an unlicensed-radio interface and an access controller (303) connected to said access points via a broadband network and to a core network portion of a licensed-radio cellular network, said method including the steps of:
15 receiving identification information specific to a mobile station from said
mobile station,
registering said mobile station identification information in association with information identifying at least one access point in said access point controller, and
20 updating said registered information when communication between said
mobile station and said unlicensed radio access network ceases.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, further characterised by the steps of: receiving in said access controller a message from said core network
25 portion paging a mobile station,
retrieving information identifying at least one access point for said paged mobile, and
forwarding said paging message only to the at least one access point identified in association with said registered mobile station identification
30 information.
AMENDED SHEET

09-01-2006

EP04O2357

13. A method as claimed in any one of claims 11 or 12, characterised in that
said registering step includes registering said mobile station identification
5 information in association with information identifying a group of access
points in said access point controller.
14. A method in an unlicensed-radio access network comprising a fixed
broadband network with plurality of access points (301) and an access
10 controller (303) connected to said fixed broadband network and to a core
network portion of a licensed-radio cellular network and adapted to communicate with mobile stations (1) over an unlicensed-radio interface via said access points, said method including the steps of: said access controller establishing communication with a mobile station
15 using a network address on said fixed broadband network for said mobile
station,
receiving identification information specific to a mobile station from said mobile station, registering said mobile station identification information in association
20 with said mobile station network address on said fixed broadband network,
determining when a connection established with said mobile station is no longer maintained and deleting said mobile station identification information when it is determined that a connection is no longer maintained
25
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, further characterised by the steps of:
receiving in said access controller a message from said core network
portion paging a mobile station,
retrieving mobile station identification information registered for said
30 paged mobile, and
23
AMENDED SHEET

09-01-2006

24

EP04O2357

forwarding said paging message only to the network address identified in association with said registered mobile station identification information.
16. An unlicensed-radio access network connected to a core network portion of a licensed mobile network and a method in an unlicensed-radio access network substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Dated this the 02nd day of August, 2006.

S.AFSAR
OF K & S PARTNERS
AGENT FOR THE APPLICANTS
24
AMENDED SHEET

25
ABSTRACT
"UNLICENSED-RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS"
An unlicensed-radio access network is connected to a core network portion of a licensed cellular mobile network and includes a broadband network (302) with a plurality of access points (301) each defining a mini-cell and adapted to communicate with mobile stations located within a mini-cell over an unlicensed-radio interface. An access controller (303) is connected to the core network portion and to the broadband network. In accordance with the invention, the access controller (303) is associated with its own location area or areas in the licensed radio mobile network and comprises a database for storing the identification of mobile stations in association with at least one specific access point or broadband network address. This arrangement permits a mobile station to be locating within the access network in response to a paging signal from the core network without undue signalling load.
25

Documents:

925-MUMNP-2006--CLAIMS(AMENDED)-(20-9-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006--CORRESPONDENCE(20-9-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-abstract.doc

925-mumnp-2006-abstract.pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CLAIMS(AMENDED)-(26-4-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CLAIMS(MARKED COPY)-(26-4-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-claims.doc

925-mumnp-2006-claims.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-correspondance-received.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-correspondence(1-2-2008).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE(13-8-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE(20-9-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE(24-8-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE(31-8-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-description (complete).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-DRAWING(26-4-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-drawings.pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 1(26-4-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form 1(30-10-2006).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 1(31-8-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 13(24-8-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 13(31-8-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form 18(1-2-2008).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form 26(21-9-2006).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 26(26-4-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-FORM 3(26-4-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form 3(27-11-2006).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-1.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-2.doc

925-mumnp-2006-form-2.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-3.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-5.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-ib-308.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-ib-311.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-ib-332.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-ipea-409.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-ipea-416.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-isa-237.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-search report.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-separate sheet-237.pdf

925-mumnp-2006-form-pct-separate sheet-409.pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-MARKED COPY(20-9-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-PETITION UNDER RULE 137(26-4-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-PROSECUTION HISTORY OF THE CORRESPONDING EP DOCUMENT(26-4-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-PROSECUTION HISTORY OF THE CORRESPONDING US DOCUMENT(26-4-2012).pdf

925-MUMNP-2006-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT(26-4-2012).pdf

925-mumnp-2006-wo international publication report(1-2-2008).pdf

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Patent Number

254129

Indian Patent Application Number

925/MUMNP/2006

PG Journal Number

39/2012

Publication Date

28-Sep-2012

Grant Date

21-Sep-2012

Date of Filing

03-Aug-2006

Name of Patentee

TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L.M. ERICSSON (publ)

Applicant Address

S-164 83 STOCKHOLM (SE).

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	TOMAS NYLANDER	STARRMOSSEVAEGEN 40, SE-139 35 VAERMDOE (SE).
2	JARI, TAPIO VIKBERG	SVALSAETERSVAEGEN 12, SE-153 38 JAERNA (SE).

PCT International Classification Number

H04L12/28

PCT International Application Number

PCT/EP2004/02357

PCT International Filing date

2004-03-08

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	NIL	1900-01-01	Sweden