Title of Invention	CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEDIA
Abstract	This invention concerns the preparation and use of novel polymeric chromatographic media and preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media. In accordance with the present invention, polymeric media is prepared using polymeric particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine, and preferably such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric particles further functionalized with appropriate reactants. The polymeric chromatographic media is especially useful for bioseparations.

Title of Invention

CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEDIA

Abstract

This invention concerns the preparation and use of novel polymeric chromatographic media and preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media. In accordance with the present invention, polymeric media is prepared using polymeric particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine, and preferably such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric particles further functionalized with appropriate reactants. The polymeric chromatographic media is especially useful for bioseparations.

Full Text	CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEDIA Field of the Invention [0001] The invention relates to the preparation and use of novel chromatographic media, preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media for separation and purification of various biomolecules such as peptides, proteins and antibodies. More particularly, the present invention discloses novel chromatographic media, preferably mixed anion exchangers, mixed anion-cation exchangers and hydrophobic exchangers. The chromatographic media is prepared by modification of polymers with polyethyleneimine and functionaltzation thereof. It has been unexpectedly discovered that these mixed mode polymeric media offer enhanced separation capability and protein binding capacity. Background of the Invention [0002] The analysis of protein mixtures by ion exchange chromatography media is well documented, such as by, Pete Gagnon, Purification Tools for Monoclonal Antibodies", Validated Biosystems, Inc., (1996). More recently, the development of protein-based drugs and vaccines has increased the need for larger scale purification of protein mixtures. It is highly desirable that ion exchange chromatographic media be able to be utilized in this area. [0003] One way of preparing such chromatography media materials, particularly anion exchangers containing primary and secondary amine functionality, is by coating the internal surface of porous silica materials with polyethyleneimine (PEI). For example, coating of the internal surface of silica particle with polyethyleneimine followed by immobilization through crosslinking has been disclosed in Alpert and Regnier, J, Chromatoqr. 185. 375 - 392 (1979), and the use of materials prepared in that fashion for the chromatographic separation of synthetic oligonucleotides has been described in Lawson et al., Anal. Biochem. 133, 85-93 (1983). [0004] Similarly, the preparation of PE1 coated porous silica particles or controlled pore glass particles obtained by covalent binding of poiyethyleneiminopropyl-trimethoxy silane has been disclosed in US 4,540,486 of JT Baker Chemical Co. The same patent discloses the formation of chromatographic resins having mixed weak base/weak add functionality by reaction of the PE1 coated silica with cyclic carboxylic anhydrides. It has been shown that these materials, when used in a chromatographic column, can separate mixtures of cytochrome C, aifal-ackJ glycoprotein, ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin (weak base media) or ovalbumin, cytochrome C, hemoglobin and lysozyme (mixed weak base/weak acid media). The efficacy of the PEI derivatized porous silica, or its carboxylated version in purifying immunoglobulin G has also been demonstrated in US 4,606,825 of JT Baker Chemical Co. [0005] The acylated form of the PEI coated silica described above can be further converted into a mixed weak acid/strong acid functionality media by the introduction of sulfonic groups, as disclosed in US 4,721,573 of JT Baker Chemical Co. A column packed with this sulfonated media allows the separation of a mixture of cytochrome C, hemoglobin, lysozyme and ovalbumin, as well as the separation of the protein components of hybridoma cell culture medium. [0006] Silica particles to which PEI has been covalently bound can also be converted to hydrophobic chromatographic media by reaction with monoacyl chlorides or linear carboxylic anhydrides where the acyl group can be a linear hydrocarbon chain, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group. A silica based weak base/reverse phase chromatographic media prepared in that fashion using butyryl chloride separates cytochrome C, myoglobin, lysozyme ovalbumin and alpha-ehympotrypslnbgen, as disclosed in US 4,551,245 of JT Baker Chemical Co. [0007] Agarose beads bearing ion exchange groups at the end of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) arm has been disclosed in WO 98/58732 to Amersham. However, unlike in the present invention, the PVA spacer arms do not contribute any ion exchange capacity to the product, nor does it in itself provide one of the functionalities in a mixed mode product. [0008] One of the major disadvantages of silica based chromatographic packings is their lack of stability at high pH. This is particularly the case for applications involving the purification of drugs, since treatment of the equipment with 1N sodium hydroxide is a common sterilization practice. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0009] The present invention provides chromatographic media that is able to minimize or avoid this lack of stability at high pH. The invention also provides mixed mode chromatographic media. It has been discovered that one possible way to avoid this instability problem is to use chromatographic packings based on a polymeric support derivatized on the surface of the polymer (i.e., not cross-linked) with PEI, which surface derivatized media can be further functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin. In accordance with this invention there preferably can be provided mixed mode media, such as for example, media with mixed primary, secondary and tertiary amine exchange sites, media with both weak anion and weak cation exchange sites, media with weak anion, weak cation and strong cation exchange sites, media with weak anion and hydrophobic (reverse phase) exchange sites, and media with weak anion and strong anion. Furthermore, it is unexpectedly discovered that such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric and functionalized derivatives thereof-based chromatographic media provide different and unique separation characteristics. In one aspect of the present invention there is provided" polymeric chromatographic media for bioseparations. This invention differs from current polymeric chromatographic media by method of preparation and characteristics of the media as these current chromatographic media are simple ion exchangers. Also, the media of the present invention differs from current silica based media in terms of method of preparation, composition* use and performance. Surprisingly, polymeric mixed mode media prepared according to this invention have enhanced separation and binding capacities. Brief Description of the Drawings [0010] The present invention is illustrated by, but not limited by, the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 1 and PEI silica media according to the procedure Example 34; Figure 2 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 9 and mixed mode silica media according to the procedure Example 35; Figures 3 a and 3 b are graphs of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 19 and silica media according to the procedure Example 37; Figure 4 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 20 according to the procedure of Example 38; Figure 5 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 22 according to the procedure in Example 39; Figure 6 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 23 according to the procedure in Example 40; Figure 7 is a graph of the acid stability of media prepared according to Example 7 as determined according to the procedure in Example 41; and Figure 8 is a graph of the base stability of media prepared according to Example 7 as determined according to the procedure of Example 42. Detailed Description of the Invention [0011] This invention concerns the preparation and use of novel polymeric chromatographic media and preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media. In accordance with the present invention, polymeric media is prepared using polymeric particles derivatized with polyethyteneimine, and preferably such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric particles further functionalized with appropriate reactants. [0012] Polymeric materials used for the chromatographic separation of proteins will preferably have certain properties, such as, 1) the pore sizes is sufficiently large to allow rapid diffusion of molecules as large as protein in and out of the resin particles; 2) interactions between the proteins and the non-functionalized polymer are to be weak to avoid Hnon specific interactions" and allow recovery of the desired protein in high yields; 3) the resin particles are to be rigid to avoid compression and loss of flow rate under the pressure encountered in chromatographic operations; and 4) the resin should be chemically stable under all conditions encountered in the separation process. [0013] The polymeric resin particles to be surface derivatized with polyethyieneimine can be any suitable polymeric resin particles capable of being derivatized with polyethyieneimine and, with such polyethyieneimine derivatized polymers or further functionalized derivatives thereof being useful as chromatographic separation media. Examples of polymeric resin particle suitable for derivatization with polyethyieneimine in accordance with this invention include, but are not limited to cellulose, agarose, epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes, epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or potymethacrylates, and epoxidized or halogenated polydMnylbenzenes. For examples, porous poly(meth)acrytates, highly cross-linked resins based on (meth)acrylic monomers bearing multiple polymerizable double bonds, such as ethylene glycol dimethacryiate (US 4,118,347 to Showa Denko, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate (US 4,256,842 to Toyo Soda) , trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (US 4,582,860 to Rohm and Haas) or glycerol dimethacryiate (US 2,254,634 to Mitsubishi) prepared in the presence of a pore forming agent, have been shown to provide materials with the desired properties. Furthermore, the addition of functional monomers to the polymerization mixture affords final product with functional groups to which other molecules can be bound through the formation of covalent bonds. Example of such monomers are glycerol methacrylate (-OH groups) (US 2,254,634 to Mitsubishi, 1993), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (tertiary amines) or glycidyl methacrylate (US 4,118,347 to Showa Denko, US 4,256,842 to Toyo Soda, US 4,582,860 to Rohm and Haas). As examples of suitable functionalization reagents suitable for reaction with the PEI surface-derivatized polymeric resin particles are, for example, acid anhydrides such as cyclic carboxylic anhydrides such as glutaric and succinic anhydrides, unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, sulfonation agent such as bisulfites such as sodium meta-bisulfite, alkyl chlorides or anhydrides such as butryl chloride and acetic or butyric anhydride,and alkyl chlorides containing quaternary ammonium functionality such as (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures of these functionalization reagents. [0014] In one embodiment of this invention, an anion exchanger with mixed primary and secondary and tertiary amine sites is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine with a polymeric support bearing epoxy or halo groups such as chloro, bromo, iodo groups. Such polymeric support can be any suitable synthetic polymer or natural polymer resin such as poly(meth)acrylatef cellulose, polystyrene-divinylbenzene, and agarose. Examples of such commercially available resins are Tosoh Biosciences Toyopearl AF-epoxy 650M, epoxy activated Sepharose 6B. These materials can be reacted with one of the terminal amino group of polyethyleneimine of various molecular weights through the formation of chemically stable alpha-hydroxy amino groups. Some of the properties of materials prepared in that manner, according to following examples 1 through 5, are summarized in Table 1. [0015] In a second embodiment, mixed mode media with weak anion and weak cation exchange sites are prepared by reacting the PEI functionalized polymeric beads with cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as glutaric or succinic anhydride in the following examples 6 to 10. [0016] In a third embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion, weak cation and strong cation sites were prepared by reacting the PEI derivatized polymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride followed by sulfonation, as described in examples 11 through 13. [0017] In a fourth embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion and hydrophobic (reverse phase) sites were prepared by reacting the PEI derivatized polymer with alkyl chloride (examples 14 through 18) or monobasic acids anhydrides Examples 19 through 24): Reactions with butyryl chloride were performed for 2 hr. at room temperature using either toluene or dioxane as the solvent. Triethylamine was used to scavenge the hydrochloric acid produced as a by-product of the reaction. [0018] In a fifth embodiment, mixed mode media are obtained by reaction of the PEI coated resin with butyric anhydride conducted in 1-methoxy~2-propanol for 3 r. at 60 °C. as set forth in following Examples 20-22. )019] Mixed mode weak base/reverse phase resins where the hydrophobic loiety is a methyl group or a combination of methyl and butyl groups can be repared by using acetic anhydride or sequential addition of butyric and acetic nhydride, as shown in Example 24 (acetic anhydride) or in Examples 20 and 23 unmixed anhydrides) respectively. As such, it is possible to vary and select proper lydrophobictcty by using one to a combination of reagents. 3020] In a sixth embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion, and itrong anion (quaternary ammonium) sites were prepared by reacting the PEI lerivatized polymer with alkyl chlorides containing terminal quaternary ammonium unctionality. More particularly, the PEI derivatlzed polymer is reacted with (3-chioro->-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide at 70-80 lC as shown in following Examples 25 to 30. P021] In accordance to the present invention, it has been unexpectedly discovered that these polymeric mixed mode chromatographic media offer enhanced separation capability as well as high capacity and stability. For example, the polymeric mixed mode anion exchange media can separate lysozyme, immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, beta- lactoglobulin A and beta- lactoglobulin B while PEI-siiica based media cannot separate all of these proteins as shown in Figure 1. The mixed mode cation exchange media can separate BSA, IgG, Cytochrome-C and Lysozyme efficiently, as shown in Figure 2, while the mixed mode silica media cannot separate all these proteins. [0022] EXAMPLES [0023] Example 1 12 g epoxy bearing methacryate polymer with average particle size of 35 micron diameter and 250 ml dioxane are placed in a 1L round bottom flask equipped with a funnel, agitator, reflux condenser and positive nitrogen pressure inlet and stirred for 30 min to allow the resin to swell. 20 g polyethyleneimine (PEI, average molecular weight 600 Daltons) is added and the funnel rinsed with an additional 150 ml dioxane. The stirred mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing the mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried under vacuum at 60°C. Elemental analysis: 57.8% C, 7.4% H and 5.6 % N. [0024] Example 2 5 g epoxy bearing methacryate polymer and 150 ml of dioxane are placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser. 30 g of PEI (average molecular weight 1200 Daltons) are added and the mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed twice with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried. Elemental analysis: 55.7% C, 7,8 % H, 5.5 % N [0025] Example 3 5 g epoxy bearing methacrylate polymer and 150 ml of a 50/50 mixture of dioxane and water are placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux. 30 g of PEI (average molecular weight 1200 Daltons) are added and the mixture is refluxed overnight (89 °C). After allowing to cool, the mixture is i transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed twice with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 57.5% C, 7.4 % H, 2.5 % N [0026] Example 4 5 g epoxy bearing methacrylate polymer and 100 ml of a 30 wt % solution of 10,000 daltons average molecular weight PEI in dioxane are placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator, nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser and the stirred mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing to coot, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed three times with 60 °C water, three times with methanol and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 56.5% C, 7.8 % H, 6.4 % N [0027] Example 5 5 g epoxy bearing methacrylic resin and 100 ml of a 30 wt % solution of 10,000 daltons average molecular weight PEI in water are placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser and the stirred mixture is refluxed for 17 1/2 hr. After allowing to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed three times with water, three times with methanol and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains 56.9% C, 7.5% H and 3.2% N. [0028] As the results in Table 1 indicate, the presence of water in the system has a detrimental effect on nitrogen incorporation, while similar nitrogen contents are obtained when PEI of various molecular weight are reacted with the resin in dry dioxane (albeit at a lower PEI to polymer ratio then in example 1). pure dioxane, as opposed to dioxane/water mixture or pure water, give a higher degree of functionalization, as indicated by the nitrogen content of the final product When pure dioxane is used as the solvent (first row of Table 1), there does not appear to be a significantly higher level of nitrogen introduction as the molecular weight of the PEI is increased from 600 to 10,000 Daltons. [0030] Example 6: 30 g PEI polymer prepared as in example 1 is washed with twice its volume of 100 % ethanol and twice with its volume of 1-methoxy-2-propanol to remove any residual moisture. The polymer is then slurred in 450 ml lnnethoxy-2-propanol, transferred to a flask equipped with overhead agitator, reflux condenser and positive nitrogen pressure inlet, and heated to 60 °C. After adding a solution of 19.43 g of 95% glutaric anhydride (1 eq, based on nitrogen content of the PEI resin) the temperature is maintained at 60 +/-2 °C for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a filter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed once with 100ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 100ml methanol and twice with 100ml storage solution (ethanoltwater 20:80 v/v, or 100mM sodium acetate pH 4.5 with 2% benzyl alcohol). The product was stored in the respective storage solution for characterization and for chromatographic separation of proteins. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C=55.1, %N=4.6. [0031] Example 7 73.7 g PEI coated polymer prepared as in example 1, 225 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 14.4 g succinic anhydride are heated to 60 +/-2 °C and maintained at that temperature for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a filter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed once with 100ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 100 ml methanol and twice with 100ml of storage buffer solution as described in example 5. Elemental analysis Indicates that the final product contains: 53.08 %C, 7.13% H and 4.86 % N [0032] Example 8 The reaction was conducted as in Example 7 except the succinic anhydride charge is 17.34 g. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.18 %C, 7.97% H and 5.18 % N [0033] Example 9 11 g PEI coated polymer prepared as in Example 1 is washed with twice its volume of 100 % ethanol and twice with its volume of dioxane to remove any residual moisture. The resin is then slurred in about 200 ml dioxane, transferred to a three flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube and heated to 50 - 60 °C. After one hour, 7 g glutaric anhydride are added and the temperature maintained at 60 +/-2 °C for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a fitter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed three times with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried under vacuum. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 56.64 %C, 7.54 % H and 4.36% N. [0034] Example 10 The reaction was conducted as in Example 9 except 10 g PEI polymer prepared according to Example 1 and 6.6 g succinic anhydride are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.46 %C, 7.96 %H and 4.6%N. [0035] Example 11 86.5 g PEi polymer prepared according to Example 1 and 865 ml m are methoxy-2-propanol placed in a 2 Liter round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser and stirred for 30 min. 23.7 g maleic anhydride are added and the mixture stirred for 2.5 hr. at 60 °C. After allowing the mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with methoxy-2-propanol, three times with water, three times with methanol. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 55.6, %N 4.9. %H 7.1, %S 0. [0036] Example 12 86.5 g of a resin maleated as in Example 11 is heated in 900 ml of 0.01 N sodium hydroxide in the presence of 190 g of sodium meta-bisuifite for 6 hr at 80 +/-2 °C. After allowing the reaction mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with methoxy-2-propanol, three times with water, three times with methanol and stored in storage buffer for further use. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 49.8, %N 4.6. %H 6.8, %S 2.1. [0037] Example 13 The reaction was conducted as in Example 12 except the reaction is run for 20 hr at 80 +/-2 °C. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 50.2, %N 4.5, %H 6.8, %S 2.1. [0038] Comparison of the sulfur content of samples obtained after 8 hrs of reaction (3.8% S, Example 12) and 20 hrs. of reaction (3.40% S, example 13) indicates that the reaction is complete after 8 hrs. [0039] Example 14 30 g PEI functionalized prepared according to Example 1 are washed twice with 120 ml 100% ethanol and twice with 120ml toluene to remove residual moisture. The material was then slurred in 300 ml of toluene, 9.29 g butyryl chloride (1 eq, based on nitrogen content of the resin) and 9.24 g of triethylamine were added and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 2 hr at 25 +/-2 °C. The resin was then transferred to a filter flask and washed with 300 ml of the toluene, 300 ml of methanol, twice with 300 ml of Dl water, three times with 300 ml methanol and twice with 300 ml of pH 5 storage buffer (10mM sodium acetate, pH 4.5). Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7% C, 7.5 % H and 5.6 % N. [0040] Example 15 The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except solvent is 450 ml dioxane. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.7% C, 8.0 % H and 5.5 % N. [0041] Example 16 The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 13.3 g butyryl chloride and 13.2 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.6% C, 7.9 % H and 4.5 % N. [0042] Example 17 The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 19 g butyryl chloride and 18 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.4% C, 7.8 % H and 4.2 % N. [0043] Example 18 The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 25.3 g butyryl chloride and 24 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.0% C, 7.9 % H and 4.5 % N. [0044] Some of the results obtained using toluene as the solvent are summarized in Table 3 As the results in Table 3 indicate, increasing amounts of reagent result in an increased level of functionalization (as indicated by the corresponding decrease in nitrogen content of the product). [0045] Example 19 60 g PEI functionalteed polymer prepared as in Example 1 and swollen in 200 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 6t)0 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanoI, 56.3 g butyric anhydride (1.5 molar excess) and 36 g triethylamine are reacted for 3 hr at 60 +/- 2 °C. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanopl, once with 500 ml methanol, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.6 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.8 % N. [0046] Example 20 60 g PEI functionalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 and swollen in 200 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 600 m) 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 6.2 g butyric anhydride and 4.0 g triethylamine are reacted for 3 hr at 60 +/- 2 °C. At that point, 24.2 g acetic anhydride were added and the reaction allowed to proceed at the same temperature for an additional 3 hr. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanopI, once with 500 ml methanol, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7 % C, 7.7 %H and 4.7 % N. [0047] Example 21 The reaction was conducted as in Example 19 except 6.26 g butyric anhydride and 4.0 g triethylamine are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.8 % N. [0048] Example 22 The reaction was conducted as in Example 19 except 1.52 g butyric anhydride and 1.0 g triethylamine are used. Elemental analysis of the final product is 54.6 % C, 8.3 %H and 5.0 % N. [0049] Some of the results are summarized in Table 4. Comparison of the results in Tables 3 and 4 shows that levels of substitutions similar to those obtained with butyryl chloride can be achieved with butyric anhydride using considerably lower stoichiometric amounts of reagent. [0050] Example 23 The reaction was conducted as in Example 20 except 1.52 g butyric anhydride and 1.0 g. triethylamine and 10.7 g acetic anhydride are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.4 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.9 % N. [0051] Example 24 60 g PEI funcBonalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 swollen in 20 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 14.07 g acetic anhydride are reacted for 6 hr. at 60 +/- 2 °C. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 500 ml 0.1N NaOH, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.8 % C, 7.5 %H and 5.3 % N. [0052] Example 25 80 g PEI functionalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 is reacted for 8 hr at 80°C with a 59 g of a 60% solution of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride in-500 ml 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask and washed twice with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, twice with Dl water and once with storage buffer. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 54.2 %C, 8.4 %H, and 5.9% N. [0053] Example 26 The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05N. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 51.9 %C, 7.6 %H, and 5.3% N. [0054] Example 27 The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the reaction is continued for 16 hr. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.4 %C, 8.4 %H, and 5.7% N. [0055] Example 28 The reaction was conducted as in Example 26 except the reaction is continued for 16 hr. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 52.8 %C, 8.1 %H, and 5.7% N. [0056] Example 29 The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the ratio of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 60% solution to resin is 0.4 instead of 0.73. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.72 %C, 7.32 %H, and 6.04% N. [0057] Example 30 The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the ratio of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyi) trimethyl ammonium chloride 60% solution to resin is 1.2 instead of 0.73. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.72 %C, 7.32 %H, and 6.04% N. Table 5. Reaction of PEI coated resin with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride [0058] Example 31 160 g of PEl functionalized polymer prepared according to Example 1 is reacted for 5 hours© 40 °C with 111.8 g of formaldehyde, 400ml of acetonitrile and 25.9 g of sodium cyanoborohydride. After reaction, the polymer was washed with 480 ml of acetonitrile, 480 ml of Dl water and 3 times 480 ml of methanol and stored in storage buffer for further use. (Elemental analysis %C = 55.2, %N = 5.8) [0059] Example 32 25 mg of polymer prepared according to Example 31 and 200 ml of acetonitrile was charged to an autoclave (Parr series 4500 bench mounted pressure reactor with Parr 4840 temperature controller). While stirring the polymer at 120 RPM, methyl chloride gas was charged and pressurized to 60 PSI. The reaction was continued for 5 hours at 80 C, After reaction, the product was washed with 60ml actonitrile, 120 ml 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 120 ml Dl water, 240 ml of storage buffer and stored in storage buffer. [0060] Example 33 71 g of PEl modified polymer prepared according to Example 1 was mixed with 500ml of 0.5N sodium hydroxide and reacted with 49 g of 3-(dimethylamino) propyl chloride while stirring at 50-100 RPM at 80 °C for 8 hours. After reaction, the product was washed with twice with 500 ml sodium hydroxide, twice with 500 ml Dl water, twice with 500ml of storage buffer and stored in the buffer for further use. Elemental analysis - %C: 55.4, %N: 6.2 [0061] Example 34 Chromatographic separation of proteins A chromatographic media prepared as in Example 1 and PEl silica media from JT Baker (Product number 7264, lot N16084) packed in a 4.6 x 100 mm chromatographic column. 200 micro liters of a solution of 1 mg/ml lysozyme, 2 mg/ml rabbit immunoglobulin G, 2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 2 mg/ml each of beta-lactolobulin A and B in a 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 is injected in the column and eluted using a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a 30 min gradient from 100 % of 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 to 100% 1.0M sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2. Elution of the proteins is recorded by a UV detector at 280 nm (Figure 1). [0062] Example 35 Chromatographic separation of proteins A chromatographic media prepared as in Example 9 is packed in a 4.6 x 100 mm chromatographic column. 200 micro liters of a solution of 4 mg/ml BSA, 2 mg/ml Rabbit IgG, 2mg/ml of cytochrome-c and 2mg/ml solution of lysozyme in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 is injected in the column and eluted using a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a 40 min gradient from 100 % of 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 to 100% of the same eluent but containing 1 mole per liter of sodium acetate, pH 6.2. Elution of the proteins by the media of this Example and for a comparative silica based mixed mode media (JT Baker Product no. 7269) is recorded by a UV detector at 280 nm (Figure 2). [0063] Example 36 Comparison of capacity The capacity of chromatographic media prepared according to Example 9 and silica based products were measured and compared. A column (4.6 mm x 50mm) was packed with the media. IgG solution (1 mg/ml) in 20mM sodium acetate at pH 5.6, 6.2 and 6.9 was applied to the column at varying linear velocity( cm/hr). The breakthrough was determined by monitoring UV at 280nm. The breakthrough capacity of the media in the column was determined at 10% breakthrough (Table 7). [0064] Example 37 Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 19 and silica media (J T Baker product no. 7285) were packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease/ Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 3A and 3B). [0065] Example 38 Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 20 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100 mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/m! solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 4). [0066] Example 39 Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 22 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 5). [0067] Example 40 Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 23 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovalbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1 JM ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 6). [0068] Example 41 The polymer media prepared according to Example 7 was packed in 1.0cm x10cm column. First the column was equilibrated by passing 10 column volume of buffer A (0.05M MES, pH 5.6). After equilibration 0.5ml of protein solution containing rabbit globulin (0.5mg/ml) and lysozyme (0.25mg/ml) was injected. The proteins were eluted-from the column by running 40 minute linear gradient of 100% buffer A to 100%rbuffer B (1M Sodium chloride in buffer A). After the first protein separation run, the column was washed by circulating 500ml of 10mM phosphoric acid at 1ml/min for 48 hours. After washing the protein separation was carried out again to determine the acid stability of the column (Figure 7). This data indicates excellent stability of the polymeric mixed mode media under acidic conditions since there is no change in the retention time of IgG aand lysozyme before and after washing the column with phosphoric acid for up to 48 hours. [0069] Example 42 The polymer media prepared according to Example 7 was packed in 1.0cm x10cm column. First the column was equilibrated by passing 10 column volume of buffer A (0.05M MES, pH 5.6). After equilibration 0.5ml of protein solution containing rabbit globulin (0.5mg/ml) and lysozyme (0.25mg/ml) was injected. The proteins were eluted from the column by running 40 minute linear gradient of 100% buffer A to 100% buffer B (1M Sodium chloride in buffer A). After the first protein separation run, the column was washed by circulating 500ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide at 1 ml/min for 24 and 48 hours. After washing the protein separation was carried out again to determine the base stability of the column (Figure 8). This data indicates excellent stability of the polymeric mixed mode media under basic conditions a there is no change in the retention time of IgG and lysozyme before and after washing the column with sodium hydroxide for up to 48 hours. [0070] Example 43 The capacity of chromatographic media prepared according to Example 1, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 32 were measured and compared. A column (4.6 mm x 50mm) was packed with the media. BSA solution (1mg/ml) in 20mM CAPS (3-[cydohexylamino]-1-1 propane sulfonic acid) pH 11 was applied to the column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The breakthrough was determined by monitoring UV at 280nm. The breakthrough capacity of the media in the column was determined at 10% breakthrough. After loading BSA on the columns, the columns were washed with CAPS buffer and then adsorbed BSA was eluted .using, JM sodium chloride to calculate saturation capacity (Table 8). [0071] The invention has been described herein with reference to the specific embodiments thereof. It will be appreciated that changes, modification and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept disclosed herein. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such changes, modification and variations that fall with the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 1. Chromatographic media comprising epoxidized or halogenated polymeric resin particles derivatized by reaction with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer. 2. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric particles comprise polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose, agarose, epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes, epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, and epoxidized or halogenated polydivinylbenzenes. 3. Chromatographic media according to claim 2 wherein the polymeric particles comprise polymers selected from the group consisting of epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes, epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, and epoxidized or halogenated polydivinylbenzenes. 4. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric resin particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer are functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyneneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin. 5. Chromatographic media according to claim 3 wherein the polymeric resin particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer are functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyneneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin. 6. Chromatographic media according to claim 4 wherein the functiona!izaHbrv:T':- agent is selected from the group consisting of: acid anhydrides, sulfonation agents, alkyl chlorides, and alkyl chlorides containing quaternary ammonium functionality, and mixtures thereof. 7. Chromatographic media according to claim 6 wherein the functionaiization reagent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic carboxylic anhydrides, unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides, bisulfites, alkyl chlorides, alkyl anhydrides, alkyl chlorides containing quaternary ammonium functionality and mixtures thereof 8. Chromatographic media according to claim 7 wherein the functionaiization reagent is selected from the group consisting of: glutaric anhydride, succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, sodium meta-bisulfite, burtryl chloride, acetic anhydride, butyric anhydride, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof. 9. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 in which is the media is mixed mode. 10. Chromatographic media according to claim 4 in which is the media is mixed mode. 11. Chromatographic media according to claim 10 wherein the mixed mode media is selected from the group consisting of media with mixed primary, secondary and tertiary amine exchange sites, media with both weak anion and weak cation exchange sites, media with weak anion, weak cation and strong cation exchange sites, media with weak anion and hydrophobic (reverse phase) exchange sites, and media with weak anion and strong anion. 12. A column for chromatography which is packed with chromatographic media according to claim 1 to 11. 13. A process for separation of components of a solution comprising passing the solution through a chromatography column of claim 12 and eluting components of the solution. 14 A process according to claim 13 wherein the solution is a solution containing proteins.

Full Text

CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEDIA
Field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates to the preparation and use of novel
chromatographic media, preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media for separation and purification of various biomolecules such as peptides, proteins and antibodies. More particularly, the present invention discloses novel chromatographic media, preferably mixed anion exchangers, mixed anion-cation exchangers and hydrophobic exchangers. The chromatographic media is prepared by modification of polymers with polyethyleneimine and functionaltzation thereof. It has been unexpectedly discovered that these mixed mode polymeric media offer enhanced separation capability and protein binding capacity.
Background of the Invention
[0002] The analysis of protein mixtures by ion exchange chromatography
media is well documented, such as by, Pete Gagnon, Purification Tools for Monoclonal Antibodies", Validated Biosystems, Inc., (1996). More recently, the development of protein-based drugs and vaccines has increased the need for larger scale purification of protein mixtures. It is highly desirable that ion exchange chromatographic media be able to be utilized in this area.
[0003] One way of preparing such chromatography media materials,
particularly anion exchangers containing primary and secondary amine functionality, is by coating the internal surface of porous silica materials with polyethyleneimine (PEI). For example, coating of the internal surface of silica particle with polyethyleneimine followed by immobilization through crosslinking has been disclosed in Alpert and Regnier, J, Chromatoqr. 185. 375 - 392 (1979), and the use of materials prepared in that fashion for the chromatographic separation of synthetic oligonucleotides has been described in Lawson et al., Anal. Biochem. 133, 85-93

(1983).
[0004] Similarly, the preparation of PE1 coated porous silica particles or
controlled pore glass particles obtained by covalent binding of poiyethyleneiminopropyl-trimethoxy silane has been disclosed in US 4,540,486 of JT Baker Chemical Co. The same patent discloses the formation of chromatographic resins having mixed weak base/weak add functionality by reaction of the PE1 coated silica with cyclic carboxylic anhydrides. It has been shown that these materials, when used in a chromatographic column, can separate mixtures of cytochrome C, aifal-ackJ glycoprotein, ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin (weak base media) or ovalbumin, cytochrome C, hemoglobin and lysozyme (mixed weak base/weak acid media). The efficacy of the PEI derivatized porous silica, or its carboxylated version in purifying immunoglobulin G has also been demonstrated in US 4,606,825 of JT Baker Chemical Co.
[0005] The acylated form of the PEI coated silica described above can be
further converted into a mixed weak acid/strong acid functionality media by the introduction of sulfonic groups, as disclosed in US 4,721,573 of JT Baker Chemical Co. A column packed with this sulfonated media allows the separation of a mixture of cytochrome C, hemoglobin, lysozyme and ovalbumin, as well as the separation of the protein components of hybridoma cell culture medium.
[0006] Silica particles to which PEI has been covalently bound can also be
converted to hydrophobic chromatographic media by reaction with monoacyl chlorides or linear carboxylic anhydrides where the acyl group can be a linear hydrocarbon chain, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group. A silica based weak base/reverse phase chromatographic media prepared in that fashion using butyryl chloride separates cytochrome C, myoglobin, lysozyme ovalbumin and alpha-ehympotrypslnbgen, as disclosed in US 4,551,245 of JT Baker Chemical Co.
[0007] Agarose beads bearing ion exchange groups at the end of a polyvinyl

alcohol (PVA) arm has been disclosed in WO 98/58732 to Amersham. However, unlike in the present invention, the PVA spacer arms do not contribute any ion exchange capacity to the product, nor does it in itself provide one of the functionalities in a mixed mode product.
[0008] One of the major disadvantages of silica based chromatographic
packings is their lack of stability at high pH. This is particularly the case for applications involving the purification of drugs, since treatment of the equipment with 1N sodium hydroxide is a common sterilization practice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention provides chromatographic media that is able to
minimize or avoid this lack of stability at high pH. The invention also provides mixed mode chromatographic media. It has been discovered that one possible way to avoid this instability problem is to use chromatographic packings based on a polymeric support derivatized on the surface of the polymer (i.e., not cross-linked) with PEI, which surface derivatized media can be further functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin. In accordance with this invention there preferably can be provided mixed mode media, such as for example, media with mixed primary, secondary and tertiary amine exchange sites, media with both weak anion and weak cation exchange sites, media with weak anion, weak cation and strong cation exchange sites, media with weak anion and hydrophobic (reverse phase) exchange sites, and media with weak anion and strong anion. Furthermore, it is unexpectedly discovered that such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric and functionalized derivatives thereof-based chromatographic media provide different and unique separation characteristics. In one aspect of the present invention there is provided" polymeric chromatographic media for bioseparations. This invention differs from current polymeric chromatographic media by method of preparation and characteristics of the media as these current chromatographic media are simple ion

exchangers. Also, the media of the present invention differs from current silica based media in terms of method of preparation, composition* use and performance. Surprisingly, polymeric mixed mode media prepared according to this invention have enhanced separation and binding capacities.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0010] The present invention is illustrated by, but not limited by, the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 1 and PEI silica media according to the procedure Example 34;
Figure 2 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 9 and mixed mode silica media according to the procedure Example 35;
Figures 3 a and 3 b are graphs of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 19 and silica media according to the procedure Example 37;
Figure 4 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 20 according to the procedure of Example 38;
Figure 5 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 22 according to the procedure in Example 39;
Figure 6 is a graph of the elution profile, as recorded by a UV detector, of the

separation of proteins using media prepared according to Example 23 according to the procedure in Example 40;
Figure 7 is a graph of the acid stability of media prepared according to Example 7 as determined according to the procedure in Example 41; and
Figure 8 is a graph of the base stability of media prepared according to Example 7 as determined according to the procedure of Example 42.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0011] This invention concerns the preparation and use of novel polymeric
chromatographic media and preferably mixed mode polymeric chromatographic media. In accordance with the present invention, polymeric media is prepared using polymeric particles derivatized with polyethyteneimine, and preferably such polyethyleneimine derivatized polymeric particles further functionalized with appropriate reactants.
[0012] Polymeric materials used for the chromatographic separation of
proteins will preferably have certain properties, such as,
1) the pore sizes is sufficiently large to allow rapid diffusion of molecules as large as protein in and out of the resin particles;
2) interactions between the proteins and the non-functionalized polymer are to be weak to avoid Hnon specific interactions" and allow recovery of the desired protein in high yields;
3) the resin particles are to be rigid to avoid compression and loss of flow rate under the pressure encountered in chromatographic operations; and
4) the resin should be chemically stable under all conditions encountered in the separation process.
[0013] The polymeric resin particles to be surface derivatized with

polyethyieneimine can be any suitable polymeric resin particles capable of being
derivatized with polyethyieneimine and, with such polyethyieneimine derivatized
polymers or further functionalized derivatives thereof being useful as
chromatographic separation media. Examples of polymeric resin particle suitable for
derivatization with polyethyieneimine in accordance with this invention include, but
are not limited to cellulose, agarose, epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes,
epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or potymethacrylates, and epoxidized or
halogenated polydMnylbenzenes. For examples, porous poly(meth)acrytates, highly
cross-linked resins based on (meth)acrylic monomers bearing multiple polymerizable
double bonds, such as ethylene glycol dimethacryiate (US 4,118,347 to Showa
Denko, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate (US 4,256,842 to Toyo Soda) , trimethylol
propane trimethacrylate (US 4,582,860 to Rohm and Haas) or glycerol
dimethacryiate (US 2,254,634 to Mitsubishi) prepared in the presence of a pore
forming agent, have been shown to provide materials with the desired properties.
Furthermore, the addition of functional monomers to the polymerization mixture
affords final product with functional groups to which other molecules can be bound
through the formation of covalent bonds. Example of such monomers are glycerol
methacrylate (-OH groups) (US 2,254,634 to Mitsubishi, 1993), dimethylaminoethyl
methacrylate (tertiary amines) or glycidyl methacrylate (US 4,118,347 to Showa
Denko, US 4,256,842 to Toyo Soda, US 4,582,860 to Rohm and Haas). As
examples of suitable functionalization reagents suitable for reaction with the PEI
surface-derivatized polymeric resin particles are, for example, acid anhydrides such
as cyclic carboxylic anhydrides such as glutaric and succinic anhydrides,
unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, sulfonation agent such
as bisulfites such as sodium meta-bisulfite, alkyl chlorides or anhydrides such as
butryl chloride and acetic or butyric anhydride,and alkyl chlorides containing
quaternary ammonium functionality such as (3-chloro-2-
hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures of these functionalization reagents.
[0014] In one embodiment of this invention, an anion exchanger with mixed

primary and secondary and tertiary amine sites is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine with a polymeric support bearing epoxy or halo groups such as chloro, bromo, iodo groups. Such polymeric support can be any suitable synthetic polymer or natural polymer resin such as poly(meth)acrylatef cellulose, polystyrene-divinylbenzene, and agarose. Examples of such commercially available resins are Tosoh Biosciences Toyopearl AF-epoxy 650M, epoxy activated Sepharose 6B. These materials can be reacted with one of the terminal amino group of polyethyleneimine of various molecular weights through the formation of chemically stable alpha-hydroxy amino groups. Some of the properties of materials prepared in that manner, according to following examples 1 through 5, are summarized in Table 1.
[0015] In a second embodiment, mixed mode media with weak anion and
weak cation exchange sites are prepared by reacting the PEI functionalized polymeric beads with cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as glutaric or succinic anhydride in the following examples 6 to 10.
[0016] In a third embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion, weak
cation and strong cation sites were prepared by reacting the PEI derivatized polymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride followed by sulfonation, as described in examples 11 through 13.
[0017] In a fourth embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion and
hydrophobic (reverse phase) sites were prepared by reacting the PEI derivatized polymer with alkyl chloride (examples 14 through 18) or monobasic acids anhydrides Examples 19 through 24): Reactions with butyryl chloride were performed for 2 hr. at room temperature using either toluene or dioxane as the solvent. Triethylamine was used to scavenge the hydrochloric acid produced as a by-product of the reaction.
[0018] In a fifth embodiment, mixed mode media are obtained by reaction of
the PEI coated resin with butyric anhydride conducted in 1-methoxy~2-propanol for 3

r. at 60 °C. as set forth in following Examples 20-22.
)019] Mixed mode weak base/reverse phase resins where the hydrophobic
loiety is a methyl group or a combination of methyl and butyl groups can be repared by using acetic anhydride or sequential addition of butyric and acetic nhydride, as shown in Example 24 (acetic anhydride) or in Examples 20 and 23 unmixed anhydrides) respectively. As such, it is possible to vary and select proper lydrophobictcty by using one to a combination of reagents.
3020] In a sixth embodiment, mixed mode media having weak anion, and
itrong anion (quaternary ammonium) sites were prepared by reacting the PEI lerivatized polymer with alkyl chlorides containing terminal quaternary ammonium unctionality. More particularly, the PEI derivatlzed polymer is reacted with (3-chioro->-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide at 70-80 lC as shown in following Examples 25 to 30.
P021] In accordance to the present invention, it has been unexpectedly
discovered that these polymeric mixed mode chromatographic media offer
enhanced separation capability as well as high capacity and stability. For example,
the polymeric mixed mode anion exchange media can separate lysozyme,
immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, beta- lactoglobulin A and beta-
lactoglobulin B while PEI-siiica based media cannot separate all of these proteins as
shown in Figure 1. The mixed mode cation exchange media can separate BSA, IgG,
Cytochrome-C and Lysozyme efficiently, as shown in Figure 2, while the mixed
mode silica media cannot separate all these proteins.
[0022] EXAMPLES
[0023] Example 1
12 g epoxy bearing methacryate polymer with average particle size of 35 micron diameter and 250 ml dioxane are placed in a 1L round bottom flask equipped with a funnel, agitator, reflux condenser and positive nitrogen pressure

inlet and stirred for 30 min to allow the resin to swell. 20 g polyethyleneimine (PEI, average molecular weight 600 Daltons) is added and the funnel rinsed with an additional 150 ml dioxane. The stirred mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing the mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried under vacuum at 60°C. Elemental analysis: 57.8% C, 7.4% H and 5.6 % N.
[0024] Example 2
5 g epoxy bearing methacryate polymer and 150 ml of dioxane are placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser. 30 g of PEI (average molecular weight 1200 Daltons) are added and the mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed twice with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried. Elemental analysis: 55.7% C, 7,8 % H, 5.5 % N
[0025] Example 3
5 g epoxy bearing methacrylate polymer and 150 ml of a 50/50 mixture of dioxane and water are placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux. 30 g of PEI (average molecular weight 1200 Daltons) are added and the mixture is refluxed overnight (89 °C). After allowing to cool, the mixture is i transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed twice with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 57.5% C, 7.4 % H, 2.5 % N
[0026] Example 4
5 g epoxy bearing methacrylate polymer and 100 ml of a 30 wt % solution of 10,000 daltons average molecular weight PEI in dioxane are placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator, nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser and the stirred mixture is refluxed overnight. After allowing to coot, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed three times with 60 °C water, three times with methanol and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. Elemental

analysis indicates that the final product contains: 56.5% C, 7.8 % H, 6.4 % N
[0027] Example 5
5 g epoxy bearing methacrylic resin and 100 ml of a 30 wt % solution of 10,000 daltons average molecular weight PEI in water are placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser and the stirred mixture is refluxed for 17 1/2 hr. After allowing to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed three times with water, three times with methanol and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains 56.9% C, 7.5% H and 3.2% N.
[0028] As the results in Table 1 indicate, the presence of water in the system
has a detrimental effect on nitrogen incorporation, while similar nitrogen contents are obtained when PEI of various molecular weight are reacted with the resin in dry dioxane (albeit at a lower PEI to polymer ratio then in example 1).

pure dioxane, as opposed to dioxane/water mixture or pure water, give a higher degree of functionalization, as indicated by the nitrogen content of the final product When pure dioxane is used as the solvent (first row of Table 1), there does not appear to be a significantly higher level of nitrogen introduction as the molecular weight of the PEI is increased from 600 to 10,000 Daltons.
[0030] Example 6:
30 g PEI polymer prepared as in example 1 is washed with twice its volume of 100 % ethanol and twice with its volume of 1-methoxy-2-propanol to remove any residual moisture. The polymer is then slurred in 450 ml lnnethoxy-2-propanol, transferred to a flask equipped with overhead agitator, reflux condenser and positive nitrogen pressure inlet, and heated to 60 °C. After adding a solution of 19.43 g of 95% glutaric anhydride (1 eq, based on nitrogen content of the PEI resin) the temperature is maintained at 60 +/-2 °C for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a filter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed once with 100ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 100ml methanol and twice with 100ml storage solution (ethanoltwater 20:80 v/v, or 100mM sodium acetate pH 4.5 with 2% benzyl alcohol). The product was stored in the respective storage solution for characterization and for chromatographic separation of proteins. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C=55.1, %N=4.6.
[0031] Example 7
73.7 g PEI coated polymer prepared as in example 1, 225 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 14.4 g succinic anhydride are heated to 60 +/-2 °C and maintained at that temperature for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a filter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed once with 100ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 100 ml methanol and twice with 100ml of storage buffer solution as described in example 5. Elemental analysis Indicates that the final product contains: 53.08 %C, 7.13% H and 4.86 % N

[0032] Example 8
The reaction was conducted as in Example 7 except the succinic anhydride charge is 17.34 g. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.18 %C, 7.97% H and 5.18 % N
[0033] Example 9
11 g PEI coated polymer prepared as in Example 1 is washed with twice its volume of 100 % ethanol and twice with its volume of dioxane to remove any residual moisture. The resin is then slurred in about 200 ml dioxane, transferred to a three flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube and heated to 50 - 60 °C. After one hour, 7 g glutaric anhydride are added and the temperature maintained at 60 +/-2 °C for 2 1/2 hr. The reaction mixture is then transferred to a fitter flask, drained, and the residual solid washed three times with dioxane, three times with methanol and dried under vacuum. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 56.64 %C, 7.54 % H and 4.36% N.
[0034] Example 10
The reaction was conducted as in Example 9 except 10 g PEI polymer prepared according to Example 1 and 6.6 g succinic anhydride are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.46 %C, 7.96 %H and 4.6%N.

[0035] Example 11
86.5 g PEi polymer prepared according to Example 1 and 865 ml m are methoxy-2-propanol placed in a 2 Liter round bottom flask equipped with an agitator and reflux condenser and stirred for 30 min. 23.7 g maleic anhydride are added and the mixture stirred for 2.5 hr. at 60 °C. After allowing the mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with methoxy-2-propanol, three times with water, three times with methanol. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 55.6, %N 4.9. %H 7.1, %S 0.
[0036] Example 12
86.5 g of a resin maleated as in Example 11 is heated in 900 ml of 0.01 N sodium hydroxide in the presence of 190 g of sodium meta-bisuifite for 6 hr at 80 +/-2 °C. After allowing the reaction mixture to cool, the mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with methoxy-2-propanol, three times with water, three times with methanol and stored in storage buffer for further use. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 49.8, %N 4.6. %H 6.8, %S 2.1.
[0037] Example 13
The reaction was conducted as in Example 12 except the reaction is run for 20 hr at 80 +/-2 °C. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: %C 50.2, %N 4.5, %H 6.8, %S 2.1.
[0038] Comparison of the sulfur content of samples obtained after 8 hrs of
reaction (3.8% S, Example 12) and 20 hrs. of reaction (3.40% S, example 13) indicates that the reaction is complete after 8 hrs.

[0039] Example 14
30 g PEI functionalized prepared according to Example 1 are washed twice with 120 ml 100% ethanol and twice with 120ml toluene to remove residual moisture. The material was then slurred in 300 ml of toluene, 9.29 g butyryl chloride (1 eq, based on nitrogen content of the resin) and 9.24 g of triethylamine were added and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 2 hr at 25 +/-2 °C. The resin was then transferred to a filter flask and washed with 300 ml of the toluene, 300 ml of methanol, twice with 300 ml of Dl water, three times with 300 ml methanol and twice with 300 ml of pH 5 storage buffer (10mM sodium acetate, pH 4.5). Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7% C, 7.5 % H and 5.6 % N.
[0040] Example 15
The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except solvent is 450 ml dioxane. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.7% C, 8.0 % H and 5.5 % N.
[0041] Example 16
The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 13.3 g butyryl chloride and 13.2 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.6% C, 7.9 % H and 4.5 % N.
[0042] Example 17
The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 19 g butyryl chloride and 18 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.4% C, 7.8 % H and 4.2 % N.
[0043] Example 18
The reaction was conducted as in Example 14, except 25.3 g butyryl chloride and 24 g triethylamine were used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.0% C, 7.9 % H and 4.5 % N.

[0044] Some of the results obtained using toluene as the solvent are
summarized in Table 3

As the results in Table 3 indicate, increasing amounts of reagent result in an increased level of functionalization (as indicated by the corresponding decrease in nitrogen content of the product).
[0045] Example 19
60 g PEI functionalteed polymer prepared as in Example 1 and swollen in 200 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 6t)0 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanoI, 56.3 g butyric anhydride (1.5 molar excess) and 36 g triethylamine are reacted for 3 hr at 60 +/- 2 °C. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanopl, once with 500 ml methanol, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 54.6 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.8 % N.
[0046] Example 20
60 g PEI functionalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 and swollen in 200 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 600 m) 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 6.2 g butyric anhydride and 4.0 g triethylamine are reacted for 3 hr at 60 +/- 2 °C. At that point, 24.2 g acetic anhydride were added and the reaction allowed to proceed at the

same temperature for an additional 3 hr. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanopI, once with 500 ml methanol, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7 % C, 7.7 %H and 4.7 % N.
[0047] Example 21
The reaction was conducted as in Example 19 except 6.26 g butyric anhydride and 4.0 g triethylamine are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.7 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.8 % N.
[0048] Example 22
The reaction was conducted as in Example 19 except 1.52 g butyric anhydride and 1.0 g triethylamine are used. Elemental analysis of the final product is 54.6 % C, 8.3 %H and 5.0 % N.
[0049] Some of the results are summarized in Table 4.

Comparison of the results in Tables 3 and 4 shows that levels of substitutions similar to those obtained with butyryl chloride can be achieved with butyric anhydride using considerably lower stoichiometric amounts of reagent.

[0050] Example 23
The reaction was conducted as in Example 20 except 1.52 g butyric anhydride and 1.0 g. triethylamine and 10.7 g acetic anhydride are used. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 55.4 % C, 7.9 %H and 4.9 % N.
[0051] Example 24
60 g PEI funcBonalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 swollen in 20 ml of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 14.07 g acetic anhydride are reacted for 6 hr. at 60 +/- 2 °C. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask, drained, washed once with 500 ml 1-methoxy-2-propanol, twice with 500 ml 0.1N NaOH, twice with 500 ml Dl water and twice with 500 ml storage buffer. Elemental analysis indicates that the final product contains: 53.8 % C, 7.5 %H and 5.3 % N.
[0052] Example 25
80 g PEI functionalized polymer prepared as in Example 1 is reacted for 8 hr at 80°C with a 59 g of a 60% solution of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride in-500 ml 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture is transferred to a filter flask and washed twice with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, twice with Dl water and once with storage buffer. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 54.2 %C, 8.4 %H, and 5.9% N.
[0053] Example 26
The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05N. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 51.9 %C, 7.6 %H, and 5.3% N.
[0054] Example 27
The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the reaction is continued for 16 hr. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.4 %C, 8.4 %H, and 5.7% N.

[0055] Example 28
The reaction was conducted as in Example 26 except the reaction is continued for 16 hr. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 52.8 %C, 8.1 %H, and 5.7% N.
[0056] Example 29
The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the ratio of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 60% solution to resin is 0.4 instead of 0.73. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.72 %C, 7.32 %H, and 6.04% N.
[0057] Example 30
The reaction was conducted as in Example 25 except the ratio of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyi) trimethyl ammonium chloride 60% solution to resin is 1.2 instead of 0.73. After washing and drying, the resin has the following elemental analysis: 53.72 %C, 7.32 %H, and 6.04% N.
Table 5. Reaction of PEI coated resin with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)
trimethylammonium chloride

[0058] Example 31
160 g of PEl functionalized polymer prepared according to Example 1 is reacted for 5 hours© 40 °C with 111.8 g of formaldehyde, 400ml of acetonitrile and 25.9 g of sodium cyanoborohydride. After reaction, the polymer was washed with 480 ml of acetonitrile, 480 ml of Dl water and 3 times 480 ml of methanol and stored in storage buffer for further use. (Elemental analysis %C = 55.2, %N = 5.8)
[0059] Example 32
25 mg of polymer prepared according to Example 31 and 200 ml of acetonitrile was charged to an autoclave (Parr series 4500 bench mounted pressure reactor with Parr 4840 temperature controller). While stirring the polymer at 120 RPM, methyl chloride gas was charged and pressurized to 60 PSI. The reaction was continued for 5 hours at 80 C, After reaction, the product was washed with 60ml actonitrile, 120 ml 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 120 ml Dl water, 240 ml of storage buffer and stored in storage buffer.
[0060] Example 33
71 g of PEl modified polymer prepared according to Example 1 was mixed with 500ml of 0.5N sodium hydroxide and reacted with 49 g of 3-(dimethylamino) propyl chloride while stirring at 50-100 RPM at 80 °C for 8 hours. After reaction, the product was washed with twice with 500 ml sodium hydroxide, twice with 500 ml Dl water, twice with 500ml of storage buffer and stored in the buffer for further use. Elemental analysis - %C: 55.4, %N: 6.2
[0061] Example 34
Chromatographic separation of proteins A chromatographic media prepared as in Example 1 and PEl silica media from JT Baker (Product number 7264, lot N16084) packed in a 4.6 x 100 mm chromatographic column. 200 micro liters of a solution of 1 mg/ml lysozyme, 2 mg/ml rabbit immunoglobulin G, 2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 2 mg/ml each of beta-lactolobulin A and B in a 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 is injected in the

column and eluted using a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a 30 min gradient from 100 % of 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 to 100% 1.0M sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2. Elution of the proteins is recorded by a UV detector at 280 nm (Figure 1).
[0062] Example 35
Chromatographic separation of proteins A chromatographic media prepared as in Example 9 is packed in a 4.6 x 100 mm chromatographic column. 200 micro liters of a solution of 4 mg/ml BSA, 2 mg/ml Rabbit IgG, 2mg/ml of cytochrome-c and 2mg/ml solution of lysozyme in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 is injected in the column and eluted using a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a 40 min gradient from 100 % of 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 6.2 to 100% of the same eluent but containing 1 mole per liter of sodium acetate, pH 6.2. Elution of the proteins by the media of this Example and for a comparative silica based mixed mode media (JT Baker Product no. 7269) is recorded by a UV detector at 280 nm (Figure 2).
[0063] Example 36
Comparison of capacity The capacity of chromatographic media prepared according to Example 9 and silica based products were measured and compared. A column (4.6 mm x 50mm) was packed with the media. IgG solution (1 mg/ml) in 20mM sodium acetate at pH 5.6, 6.2 and 6.9 was applied to the column at varying linear velocity( cm/hr). The breakthrough was determined by monitoring UV at 280nm. The breakthrough capacity of the media in the column was determined at 10% breakthrough (Table 7).

[0064] Example 37
Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 19 and silica media (J T Baker product no. 7285) were packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease/ Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 3A and 3B).
[0065] Example 38
Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 20 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100 mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/m! solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate

pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 4).
[0066] Example 39
Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 22 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovlbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1.7M ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 5).
[0067] Example 40
Chromatographic media prepared according to Example 23 was packed in 7.75 mm x 100mm column. 200ul solution of 2mg/ml solution of Cytochrome C, ribonuclease, Lysozyme and Ovalbumin in 25mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 +1.7M ammonium sulfate was injected. The protein was eluted from the column by 60 minute linear gradient of 100% 25mm sodium phosphate+1 JM ammonium sulfate to 100% of 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0. The elution profile was monitored by UV @ 280 nm (Figure 6).
[0068] Example 41
The polymer media prepared according to Example 7 was packed in 1.0cm x10cm column. First the column was equilibrated by passing 10 column volume of buffer A (0.05M MES, pH 5.6). After equilibration 0.5ml of protein solution containing rabbit globulin (0.5mg/ml) and lysozyme (0.25mg/ml) was injected. The proteins were eluted-from the column by running 40 minute linear gradient of 100% buffer A to 100%rbuffer B (1M Sodium chloride in buffer A). After the first protein separation run, the column was washed by circulating 500ml of 10mM phosphoric

acid at 1ml/min for 48 hours. After washing the protein separation was carried out again to determine the acid stability of the column (Figure 7). This data indicates excellent stability of the polymeric mixed mode media under acidic conditions since there is no change in the retention time of IgG aand lysozyme before and after washing the column with phosphoric acid for up to 48 hours.
[0069] Example 42
The polymer media prepared according to Example 7 was packed in 1.0cm x10cm column. First the column was equilibrated by passing 10 column volume of buffer A (0.05M MES, pH 5.6). After equilibration 0.5ml of protein solution containing rabbit globulin (0.5mg/ml) and lysozyme (0.25mg/ml) was injected. The proteins were eluted from the column by running 40 minute linear gradient of 100% buffer A to 100% buffer B (1M Sodium chloride in buffer A). After the first protein separation run, the column was washed by circulating 500ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide at 1 ml/min for 24 and 48 hours. After washing the protein separation was carried out again to determine the base stability of the column (Figure 8). This data indicates excellent stability of the polymeric mixed mode media under basic conditions a there is no change in the retention time of IgG and lysozyme before and after washing the column with sodium hydroxide for up to 48 hours.
[0070] Example 43
The capacity of chromatographic media prepared according to Example 1, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 32 were measured and compared. A column (4.6 mm x 50mm) was packed with the media. BSA solution (1mg/ml) in 20mM CAPS (3-[cydohexylamino]-1-1 propane sulfonic acid) pH 11 was applied to the column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The breakthrough was determined by monitoring UV at 280nm. The breakthrough capacity of the media in the column was determined at 10% breakthrough. After loading BSA on the columns, the columns were washed with CAPS buffer and then adsorbed BSA was eluted .using, JM sodium chloride to calculate saturation capacity (Table 8).

[0071] The invention has been described herein with reference to the specific
embodiments thereof. It will be appreciated that changes, modification and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept disclosed herein. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such changes, modification and variations that fall with the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

1. Chromatographic media comprising epoxidized or halogenated polymeric resin particles derivatized by reaction with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer.
2. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric particles comprise polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose, agarose, epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes, epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, and epoxidized or halogenated polydivinylbenzenes.
3. Chromatographic media according to claim 2 wherein the polymeric particles comprise polymers selected from the group consisting of epoxidized or halogenated polystyrenes, epoxidized or halogenated polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, and epoxidized or halogenated polydivinylbenzenes.
4. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric resin particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer are functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyneneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin.
5. Chromatographic media according to claim 3 wherein the polymeric resin particles derivatized with polyethyleneimine on the surface of the polymer are functionalized by reaction of a functionalization reagent with terminal amino groups of the polyethyneneimine on the surface of the polymeric resin.
6. Chromatographic media according to claim 4 wherein the functiona!izaHbrv*:T':-* agent is selected from the group consisting of: acid anhydrides, sulfonation agents, alkyl chlorides, and alkyl chlorides containing quaternary ammonium functionality, and mixtures thereof.

7. Chromatographic media according to claim 6 wherein the functionaiization reagent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic carboxylic anhydrides, unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides, bisulfites, alkyl chlorides, alkyl anhydrides, alkyl chlorides containing quaternary ammonium functionality and mixtures thereof
8. Chromatographic media according to claim 7 wherein the functionaiization reagent is selected from the group consisting of: glutaric anhydride, succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, sodium meta-bisulfite, burtryl chloride, acetic anhydride, butyric anhydride, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
9. Chromatographic media according to claim 1 in which is the media is mixed mode.
10. Chromatographic media according to claim 4 in which is the media is mixed mode.
11. Chromatographic media according to claim 10 wherein the mixed mode media is selected from the group consisting of media with mixed primary, secondary and tertiary amine exchange sites, media with both weak anion and weak cation exchange sites, media with weak anion, weak cation and strong cation exchange sites, media with weak anion and hydrophobic (reverse phase) exchange sites, and media with weak anion and strong anion.
12. A column for chromatography which is packed with chromatographic media according to claim 1 to 11.
13. A process for separation of components of a solution comprising passing the solution through a chromatography column of claim 12 and eluting components of the solution.

14 A process according to claim 13 wherein the solution is a solution containing proteins.

Documents:

3263-CHENP-2007 AMENDED PAGES OF SPECIFICATION 31-12-2012.pdf

3263-chenp-2007 correspondence others 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 14-11-2013.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 20-06-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 31-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECEIVED 16-05-2014.pdf

3263-chenp-2007 form-1 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-1 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-13 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-13 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-13-1 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-2 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 FORM-3 16-05-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 OTHER DOCUMENT 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 OTHER PATENT DOCUMENT 16-05-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 POWER OF ATTORNEY 24-02-2011.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 POWER OF ATTORNEY 16-05-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 POWER OF ATTORNEY 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 PRIORITY DOCUMENT 20-12-2012.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 17-06-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 AMENDED CLAIMS 28-08-2014.pdf

3263-CHENP-2007 EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECIEVED 28-08-2014.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-abstract.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-claims.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-correspondnece-others.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-description(complete).pdf

3263-chenp-2007-drawings.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-form 1.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-form 3.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-form 5.pdf

3263-chenp-2007-pct.pdf

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Patent Number

262737

Indian Patent Application Number

3263/CHENP/2007

PG Journal Number

37/2014

Publication Date

12-Sep-2014

Grant Date

09-Sep-2014

Date of Filing

24-Jul-2007

Name of Patentee

AVANTOR PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC

Applicant Address

3477 CORPORATE PARKWAY SUITE 200 CENTER VALLEY PA 18034

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	DEORKAR, NANDU	14 SPRUCE STREET, CEDAR KNOLLS, NEW JERSEY 07927,
2	BUSS, ROBERT, C	1138 LOXLEY LANE, ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA 18103-4220, USA
3	MLADOSICH, JOSEPH, M	87 GUM STREET, NAZARETH, PENNSYLVANIA 18064, USA
4	BOUIS, PAUL, A	3875 GLOUCESTER PLACE, BETHLEHEM, PA 18020, USA

PCT International Classification Number

B01D 015/08

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US05/45710

PCT International Filing date

2005-12-16

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/646,780	2005-01-25	U.S.A.