Title of Invention	A METHODOLOGY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF WELD DEFECTS BY ULTRASONIC TESTING
Abstract	The invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals, injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1), the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld (2), receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe, converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6) into the UT - equipment (5) in which the electrical signals (6) being amplified and displayed, feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus (8) embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals, detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the wavelet analysis, and extracting the more important features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects.

Title of Invention

A METHODOLOGY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF WELD DEFECTS BY ULTRASONIC TESTING

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals, injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1), the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld (2), receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe, converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6) into the UT - equipment (5) in which the electrical signals (6) being amplified and displayed, feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus (8) embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals, detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the wavelet analysis, and extracting the more important features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects.

Full Text	FIELD OF INVENTION The invention relates to a methodology for defect detection in raw material semi- finished and finished products using ultrasonic testing equipment More particularly, the invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Ultrasonic testing is a well established non destructive testing method used in the industry for the detection of the defects at the different stages of manufacture namely raw material stage, semi finished stage and final, stage after manufacture. The method consists of in injecting an ultrasonic wave inside the test specimen and observing a reflected wave from the defect, if any. The reflection follows the law of reflection of sound. Thus the presence of a defect is essentially ascertained by seeing the presence of the reflected sound which is indicated in a screen after required amplification by the instrument. The nature of the reflecting surface is checked by the nature of the echo produced in the screen and this gives the impression on the nature of the defect. The signal pattern contains information about the nature of the discontinuity. The present practice is to judge the echo dynamics and drawing conclusions about the defect and is not standardized in predicting the nature of the defect. RU2325637 describes a method, of exciting a pipe using acoustic damped oscillations and collecting the signals at different locations along the axis of the pipeline at equal intervals using laser based systems. Patent US2008i83466 describes a procedure for removing transient signal from speech signals. US2008179521 describes about a method to remove the noise from an image produced by a coherent source. US2008107311 describes a method for the recognition of face in the in a n image. WO2008081459 describes a method for compressing the data and wavelet transformation is employed for this. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system. Another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which will be independent of the operator. An yet another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which is not influenced by the effectiveness of contact between the transducer and the test specimen. A still another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which will be independent of the surface roughness of the specimen. A still further object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system independent of the strength of the reflected signal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, there is provided a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing (UT) system, comprising the steps of providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment having an ultrasonic probe, the probe is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals; injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe at a predetermined location of a weld in a job; the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld; receiving the reflected sound signals in the probe when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe; converting the received sound signals in the probe to .electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical, signals into the UT - equipment in which the electrical signals being amplified and displayed; feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals; detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the wavelet analysis; and extracting the more important features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects. According to the present invention, a beam of ultrasound is directed towards a defect and refection signals from a single defect is collected and analysed. The sound is ultrasound and is directed towards a specific location. Wavelet analysis has been associated with noise removal from signals and for image enhancement. The present invention encompasses an ultrasonic testing and for finding weld defects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING Fig. 1: Shows an arrangement for the measurement of the signal and analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The method includes injecting ultrasound at a specific location in a job (1) towards a weld (2), by using an ultrasonic probe (3) which is capable of generating and receiving and converting the received sound signal into electrical signals. Sound signal when encounters a defect, is reflected back (7). If the defect is oriented such that the reflected sound signal reaches the transducer (3), the transducer (3) converts the sound signal to electrical signals which is fed into an UT equipment (5). The ultrasonic testing equipment (5) displays the received signal pattern (6) depending on the nature and the size of the defect. The signal so received by the equipment (5) is again fed into a computer (8), where it is analyzed by a software. The wavelet analysis is applied to the received signal. The parameters of the wavelet transformation clearly indicate the features of the defects responsible for the reflection. The important features extracted by the wavelet analysis, namely kurtosis function, mean instantaneous frequency are clearly indicative of the nature of the defect. We Claim --------------- 1. A method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of: - providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals; - injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1); - the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld (2); - receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe; - converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6) into the UT - equipment (5) in which the electrical signals (6) being amplified and displayed; - feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus (8) embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals; - detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the wavelet analysis; and - extracting the more important features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the more important features extracted by the wavelet analysis comprise Kurtosis, Skewness function and means instantaneous frequency. 3. A method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system as substantially herein described and illustrated with the accompanying drawing. The invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals, injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1), the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld (2), receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe, converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6) into the UT - equipment (5) in which the electrical signals (6) being amplified and displayed, feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus (8) embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals, detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the wavelet analysis, and extracting the more important features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects.

Full Text

FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to a methodology for defect detection in raw material semi-
finished and finished products using ultrasonic testing equipment More
particularly, the invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by
classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ultrasonic testing is a well established non destructive testing method used in
the industry for the detection of the defects at the different stages of
manufacture namely raw material stage, semi finished stage and final, stage after
manufacture. The method consists of in injecting an ultrasonic wave inside the
test specimen and observing a reflected wave from the defect, if any. The
reflection follows the law of reflection of sound. Thus the presence of a defect is
essentially ascertained by seeing the presence of the reflected sound which is
indicated in a screen after required amplification by the instrument. The nature
of the reflecting surface is checked by the nature of the echo produced in the
screen and this gives the impression on the nature of the defect.
The signal pattern contains information about the nature of the discontinuity.
The present practice is to judge the echo dynamics and drawing conclusions
about the defect and is not standardized in predicting the nature of the defect.

RU2325637 describes a method, of exciting a pipe using acoustic damped
oscillations and collecting the signals at different locations along the axis of the
pipeline at equal intervals using laser based systems. Patent US2008i83466
describes a procedure for removing transient signal from speech signals.
US2008179521 describes about a method to remove the noise from an image
produced by a coherent source.
US2008107311 describes a method for the recognition of face in the in a n
image.
WO2008081459 describes a method for compressing the data and wavelet
transformation is employed for this.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a method for identifying
weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system.
Another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld
defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which will
be independent of the operator.

An yet another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying
weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which
is not influenced by the effectiveness of contact between the transducer and the
test specimen.
A still another object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld
defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system which will
be independent of the surface roughness of the specimen.
A still further object of the invention is to propose a method for identifying weld
defects by classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system
independent of the strength of the reflected signal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, there is provided a method for identifying weld defects by
classifying reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing (UT) system, comprising the
steps of providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment having an ultrasonic
probe, the probe is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into
electrical signals, the U. T. equipment is capable of receiving electrical signals
from the probe and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals;
injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe at a predetermined location of a
weld in a job; the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld get
reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves depending on the
orientation of the encountered defect in the weld; receiving the reflected sound
signals in the probe when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected
signals are capable of reaching the probe; converting the received sound signals

in the probe to .electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical, signals into
the UT - equipment in which the electrical signals being amplified and displayed;
feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus embedded with a
software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals; detecting the
plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves
from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation
produced through the wavelet analysis; and extracting the more important
features out of said plurality of detected features for identifying the nature of the
weld defects.
According to the present invention, a beam of ultrasound is directed towards a
defect and refection signals from a single defect is collected and analysed. The
sound is ultrasound and is directed towards a specific location. Wavelet analysis
has been associated with noise removal from signals and for image
enhancement.
The present invention encompasses an ultrasonic testing and for finding weld
defects.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
Fig. 1: Shows an arrangement for the measurement of the signal and analysis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF
THE INVENTION
The method includes injecting ultrasound at a specific location in a job (1)
towards a weld (2), by using an ultrasonic probe (3) which is capable of
generating and receiving and converting the received sound signal into electrical
signals. Sound signal when encounters a defect, is reflected back (7). If the
defect is oriented such that the reflected sound signal reaches the transducer
(3), the transducer (3) converts the sound signal to electrical signals which is fed
into an UT equipment (5). The ultrasonic testing equipment (5) displays the
received signal pattern (6) depending on the nature and the size of the defect.
The signal so received by the equipment (5) is again fed into a computer (8),
where it is analyzed by a software. The wavelet analysis is applied to the
received signal. The parameters of the wavelet transformation clearly indicate
the features of the defects responsible for the reflection. The important features
extracted by the wavelet analysis, namely kurtosis function, mean instantaneous
frequency are clearly indicative of the nature of the defect.

We Claim
---------------
1. A method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an
ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of:
- providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an
ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive
and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T.
equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the
probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical
signals;
- injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a
predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1);
- the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get
reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves
depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld
(2);
- receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the
defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are
capable of reaching the probe;

- converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to
electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6)
into the UT - equipment (5) in which the electrical signals (6) being
amplified and displayed;
- feeding the electrical signals into a computer apparatus (8)
embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the
received signals;
- detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection
intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on
the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the
wavelet analysis; and
- extracting the more important features out of said plurality of
detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the more important features
extracted by the wavelet analysis comprise Kurtosis, Skewness function
and means instantaneous frequency.
3. A method for identifying weld defects by classifying reflected signals in an
ultrasonic testing system as substantially herein described and illustrated
with the accompanying drawing.

The invention relates to a method for identifying weld defects by classifying
reflected signals in an ultrasonic testing system, comprising the steps of
providing an ultrasonic testing (UT) equipment (5) having an ultrasonic probe (3), the probe (3) is enabled to generate, receive and convert sound signals into electrical signals, the U. T. equipment (5) is capable of receiving electrical signals from the probe (3) and amplifying and displaying the received electrical signals,
injecting ultrasound wave signals via the probe (3) at a predetermined location of a weld (2) in a job (1), the sound signals when encountering a defect in the weld (2) get reflected, the intensity of the reflection of the sound waves
depending on the orientation of the encountered defect in the weld (2), receiving the reflected sound signals (7) in the probe (3) when the defect in the weld is so oriented that the reflected signals are capable of reaching the probe, converting the received sound signals (7) in the probe (3) to electrical signals and feeding the converted electrical signals (6) into the UT - equipment (5) in which the
electrical signals (6) being amplified and displayed, feeding the electrical signals
into a computer apparatus (8) embedded with a software for carrying out wavelet analysis of the received signals, detecting the plurality of features responsible for said reflection intensity of the sound waves from the weld defect, depending on the parameters of wavelet transformation produced through the
wavelet analysis, and extracting the more important features out of said plurality
of detected features for identifying the nature of the weld defects.

Documents:

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-ABSTRACT.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-CLAIMS.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-DRAWINGS.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-FORM-1.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-FORM-2.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-FORM-5.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-(27-03-2014)-OTHERS.pdf

1256-kol-2007-abstract.pdf

1256-kol-2007-claims.pdf

1256-KOL-2007-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf

1256-kol-2007-correspondence others.pdf

1256-kol-2007-correspondence.pdf

1256-kol-2007-description (complete).pdf

1256-kol-2007-description provisional.pdf

1256-kol-2007-form 1.pdf

1256-kol-2007-form 2.pdf

1256-kol-2007-form 3.pdf

1256-kol-2007-form 5.pdf

1256-kol-2007-gpa.pdf

1256-kol-2007-specification.pdf

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Patent Number

263900

Indian Patent Application Number

1256/KOL/2007

PG Journal Number

48/2014

Publication Date

28-Nov-2014

Grant Date

26-Nov-2014

Date of Filing

05-Sep-2007

Name of Patentee

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

Applicant Address

REGIONAL OPERATIONS DIVISION (ROD), PLOT NO : 9/1, DJBLOCK 3RD FLOOR, KARUNAMOYEE, SALT LAKE CITY, KOLKATA-700091, HAVING ITS REGISTERED OFFICE AT BHEL HOUSE, SIRI FORT, NEW DELHI- 110049

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	SETHURAMA SRINIVASA ANANTHAN	WELDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHEL, TIRUCIRAPPALLI-620 014
2	SRINIVASAN SURESH	WELDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHEL, TIRUCIRAPPALLI-620 014
3	GANAPATHY UMASHANKER	WELDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHEL, TIRUCIRAPPALLI-620 014
4	JOVITHA JEROME	ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT, PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, PEELAMEDU, COIMBATORE 600 004
5	NAGAMUTHU DHANASEKARAN	WELDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHEL, TIRUCIRAPPALLI-620 014

PCT International Classification Number

G01N 29/00

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA