Title of Invention | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHROMIUM METAL NUGGETS FROM CHROMITE ORES OR CHROMITE CONCENTRATES |
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Abstract | The chromites ores/concentrates with Cr: Fe ratio ranging from 1.0 to 3.3 we oxidized at low temperatures (900° C). The oxidized samples show complete oxidation of FeO phase to Fe2O3. Reduction of oxidized chromite ores/concentrate was carried out using coal ass reductant. Flux used consists of silica source (quarl) and lime. The reduction experiments carried out using the controlled atmosphere high temperature furnace. The raw materials used alongwith there composition given is the following tables. Table 1 Raw materials and their Composition (wt%) The experimental studies for reduction were carried out at low temperatures of 1400-1550°C. The coal reductant is used in 30-50% excess of the stichoimetric carbon requirement for reduction of Iron orxide (Fe2O3) and chrome oxides (Cr2O3) in the ore. Based on the special slag designed, the flux addition was carried out as quartz addition in the range of 0-10% excess of required for aluminium oxides and magnesium oxide dissolution to slag. The lime addition was done in the rage of 3-10% of the chromite ore/concentrate. Reduction was carried out in the temperature range of 1400-1550°C for 1.5-3.0 hours. The chromite nuggets product id shown in fig 1. The sample microstructure of the product alongwith the phase composition is shown in Fig 2. It can be seen that the metal shows two phase one chromium rich and the other rich phase. The presence of chromium in the nugget product is in form of chromium carbides (C7C3) and iron chromium carbides. The Chemistry of the chromium metal, nugget and slag products produced is given in Table 2. The metal nugget diameter ranges from 0.5-25 cms. The metal and slag phase separation is clear which after quenching in water can be separated by physical separation methods. Table 2 Chemistry of Chromium metal nugget and slag Reaction mechanisms: The oxidation of FeO the chromite ore/concentrated opens the spinel structure which increases the reactivity of chromite spinel due to formation of vacancies. The oxidation of the chromite ores also helps in reducing the reduction time. The reduction mechanism of chromite ores/concentrates in absence of lime as flux, generally proceeds as per the following steps. Chromium oxide reacts at 1200 to 1600°C with carbon to form one of the carbides Cr3Cr2, Cr7C3. 3Cr2O3+ 13C→ 2Cr3C2 + 9CO (1150-1200°C) 27CR3C + 5Cr O→13Cr C + 15 CO (1200-1600°C) At still higher temperature Cr7C3 reacts with Cr23C6 and finally above 1820 C the Cr metal is favored product. However due to use of lime as fluxing above component the slag formation reactions plays an important role in carrying out the reduction of chrome oxide at lower temperatures. In presence of lime as fluxing component the slag formation reactions take place t lower temperatures which promotes the reduction by dissolution in slag. |
Full Text | 2 FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to development of a process for production of chromium Nuggets. More particularly the present invention rotates to development of a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature preoxidized chromites ore/concentrates with 50-70 % metallization. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In any integrated metal alloy manufacturing organization, high carbon Ferro chromium is commonly produce by smelting-reduction route. This is highly energy intensive and requires an imported low- ash coke as a reducing agent. Low-ash coke and electricity are both expensive resources. Therefore, a movel process route is developed by reduction of pre-oxidized chromium ore using a coal as reductant for product of 50-70% metallized chromites ore production in the form of Ferro chromium. 3 OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of pre-oxidized chromites ors/concentrated which eliminates the disadvantages of prior Art. Another object of the present invention is to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of pre-oxidized chromites ores/concentrated which saves energy. A further object of the present invention is to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of pre-oxidized chromites ores/concentrate which reduces the cost of production of ferro chrome by 20%. A still further object of the present invention is to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of 4 pre-oxidized chromites ors/concentrated which reduces coke consumption. An yet further object of the present inventions is to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of pre-oxidized chromites ores/concentrated which possess a better reaction surface during further processing is steel melting. A still another object of the present invention is to propose a process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature reduction of pre-oxidized chromites ores/concentrated which can n exportable to used directly in stainless steel manufacturing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The chromites ores/concentrates with Cr: Fe ratio ranging from 1.0 to 3.3 we oxidized at low temperatures (900° C). The oxidized samples show complete oxidation of FeO phase to Fe2O3. Reduction 5 of oxidized chromite ores/concentrate was carried out using coal ass reductant. Flux used consists of silica source (quarl) and lime. The reduction experiments carried out using the controlled atmosphere high temperature furnace. The raw materials used alongwith there composition given is the following tables. Table 1 Raw materials and their Composition (wt%) The experimental studies for reduction were carried out at low temperatures of 1400-1550°C. The coal reductant is used in 30-50% excess of the stichoimetric carbon requirement for reduction of Iron 6 orxide (Fe2O3) and chrome oxides (Cr2O3) in the ore. Based on the special slag designed, the flux addition was carried out as quartz addition in the range of 0-10% excess of required for aluminium oxides and magnesium oxide dissolution to slag. The lime addition was done in the rage of 3-10% of the chromite ore/concentrate. Reduction was carried out in the temperature range of 1400-1550°C for 1.5-3.0 hours. The chromite nuggets product id shown in fig 1. The sample microstructure of the product alongwith the phase composition is shown in Fig 2. It can be seen that the metal shows two phase one chromium rich and the other rich phase. The presence of chromium in the nugget product is in form of chromium carbides (C7C3) and iron chromium carbides. The Chemistry of the chromium metal, nugget and slag products produced is given in Table 2. The metal nugget diameter ranges from 0.5-25 cms. The metal and slag phase separation is clear which 7 after quenching in water can be separated by physical separation methods. Table 2 Chemistry of Chromium metal nugget and slag Reaction mechanisms: The oxidation of FeO the chromite ore/concentrated opens the spinel structure which increases the reactivity of chromite spinel due to formation of vacancies. 8 The oxidation of the chromite ores also helps in reducing the reduction time. The reduction mechanism of chromite ores/concentrates in absence of lime as flux, generally proceeds as per the following steps. Chromium oxide reacts at 1200 to 1600°C with carbon to form one of the carbides Cr3Cr2, Cr7C3. 3Cr2O3+ 13C→ 2Cr3C2 + 9CO (1150-1200°C) 27CR3C + 5Cr O → 13Cr C + 15 CO (1200-1600°C) At still higher temperature Cr7C3 reacts with Cr23C6 and finally above 1820 C the Cr metal is favored product. However due to use of lime as fluxing above component the slag formation reactions plays an important role in carrying out the reduction of chrome oxide at lower temperatures. In presence of lime as fluxing component the slag formation reactions take place t lower temperatures which promotes the reduction by dissolution in slag. 9 DETAILS DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING Fig 1: Shows a photo-view of chromium nugget produces other reduction of oxidized chromite ore/concentrates. Fig 2: Shows a micro-structure of the chromium metal nugget Fig 3: Shows a process flow sheet for production of chromium nuggets. DETAILS DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Fig 3- shows A Process flow sheet for the commercial production of the chromium nuggets. The oxides of the chromium ore/concentration (1) will be carried out in fluidized bed (2) rotary furnace (2) and a hot air (3) blow means also provided there. The oxidized ore/concentrates are fed into storage bin (4), a bin of reduction (5) and a bin of flux (6) are provided near the oxidation unit. 10 The oxidized ores are then mixed in a mixer (7) and after mixing with the coal reductant and flux (silica, lime) is fed to s palletized (8). The pellets are fed to a rotary hearth the furnace (9) for carrying out the reduction in it. The metal and slag product obtained from the rotary hearth furnace (9) is fed to a physical separation unit (11) for the separation of chromium metal nuggets (12) and slag (13). 11 KEY FEATURES 12 WE CLAIM 1. A process for production of Chromium nuggets by low temperature peroxides chromite ore/Concentrate Comprises:- - a chromium metal nuggets having a chemical composition Cr 50-60% C 3.0-6.0% Si 0.7-1.0% S 0.01-0.03% P 0.003-0.04% - the metal nugget diameter ranges from 0.5-2.5 cms 2. The process pf producing chromium nuggets comprising: an oxidizing of chromite ore/chromium concentrate (Cr: Fe ration ranging from 1.0 to 3.3) in a furnace at a low temperature of 900°C; - mixing oxidizing ore with reductant coal and flux (lime, silica) in a mixture (7); - palletizing the mixing in a palletizer (8); 13 - reducing the pattet in rotary hearth furnace (9) at a temperature 1400-1600°C and. - Separating chromium nuggets from slag in a separation unit (11) 3. The process as claimed in claim two wherein the meallization of chrome ore 50-70% is obtained. 4. The process for production of chromium nuggets by low temperature pre-oxidized chromite ore/concentrates as substratially described and illustrated herein with reference to accompanying drawings and figures. 5. The chromium nuggets produced from the above process as substantially described and illustrated herein with reference to accompanying drawing and figures. Dated this 24th day of May 2007 The chromites ores/concentrates with Cr: Fe ratio ranging from 1.0 to 3.3 we oxidized at low temperatures (900° C). The oxidized samples show complete oxidation of FeO phase to Fe2O3. Reduction of oxidized chromite ores/concentrate was carried out using coal ass reductant. Flux used consists of silica source (quarl) and lime. The reduction experiments carried out using the controlled atmosphere high temperature furnace. The raw materials used alongwith there composition given is the following tables. Table 1 Raw materials and their Composition (wt%) The experimental studies for reduction were carried out at low temperatures of 1400-1550°C. The coal reductant is used in 30-50% excess of the stichoimetric carbon requirement for reduction of Iron orxide (Fe2O3) and chrome oxides (Cr2O3) in the ore. Based on the special slag designed, the flux addition was carried out as quartz addition in the range of 0-10% excess of required for aluminium oxides and magnesium oxide dissolution to slag. The lime addition was done in the rage of 3-10% of the chromite ore/concentrate. Reduction was carried out in the temperature range of 1400-1550°C for 1.5-3.0 hours. The chromite nuggets product id shown in fig 1. The sample microstructure of the product alongwith the phase composition is shown in Fig 2. It can be seen that the metal shows two phase one chromium rich and the other rich phase. The presence of chromium in the nugget product is in form of chromium carbides (C7C3) and iron chromium carbides. The Chemistry of the chromium metal, nugget and slag products produced is given in Table 2. The metal nugget diameter ranges from 0.5-25 cms. The metal and slag phase separation is clear which after quenching in water can be separated by physical separation methods. Table 2 Chemistry of Chromium metal nugget and slag Reaction mechanisms: The oxidation of FeO the chromite ore/concentrated opens the spinel structure which increases the reactivity of chromite spinel due to formation of vacancies. The oxidation of the chromite ores also helps in reducing the reduction time. The reduction mechanism of chromite ores/concentrates in absence of lime as flux, generally proceeds as per the following steps. Chromium oxide reacts at 1200 to 1600°C with carbon to form one of the carbides Cr3Cr2, Cr7C3. 3Cr2O3+ 13C→ 2Cr3C2 + 9CO (1150-1200°C) 27CR3C + 5Cr O→13Cr C + 15 CO (1200-1600°C) At still higher temperature Cr7C3 reacts with Cr23C6 and finally above 1820 C the Cr metal is favored product. However due to use of lime as fluxing above component the slag formation reactions plays an important role in carrying out the reduction of chrome oxide at lower temperatures. In presence of lime as fluxing component the slag formation reactions take place t lower temperatures which promotes the reduction by dissolution in slag. |
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00802-kol-2007-correspondence others 1.1.pdf
00802-kol-2007-correspondence others.pdf
00802-kol-2007-description complete.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-ABSTRACT.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-AMANDED CLAIMS.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-AMANDED PAGES OF SPECIFICATION.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-DRAWINGS.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECEIVED.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-FORM-1.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-FORM-2.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-FORM-3.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-OTHERS.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-PCT SEARCH REPORT.pdf
802-KOL-2007-(27-02-2012)-PETITION UNDER RULE 137.pdf
802-KOL-2007-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf
802-KOL-2007-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf
Patent Number | 264113 | ||||||||||||
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Indian Patent Application Number | 802/KOL/2007 | ||||||||||||
PG Journal Number | 50/2014 | ||||||||||||
Publication Date | 12-Dec-2014 | ||||||||||||
Grant Date | 08-Dec-2014 | ||||||||||||
Date of Filing | 24-May-2007 | ||||||||||||
Name of Patentee | TATA STEEL LIMITED | ||||||||||||
Applicant Address | JAMSHEDPUR | ||||||||||||
Inventors:
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PCT International Classification Number | C22B34/00 | ||||||||||||
PCT International Application Number | N/A | ||||||||||||
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PCT Conventions:
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