Title of Invention

METHOD FOR REUSING RECORDING MEDIUM , REUSABLE RECORDING MEDIUM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING REUSABLE RECORDING MEDIUM AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

Abstract Provided are a method for reusing recording media in repeated sequential processes of image forming and erasing, reusable recording media suited to the method, a method for producing the reusable recording media and an image forming apparatus with a control unit to feed the recording media. The recording media are reused in a way that forming an image on a recording medium by use of an image forming material, and, removing the image forming material from the recording medium through thermal transfer by use of a peeling member, wherein the recording medium is a paper produced through a step of applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after paper making and then drying the treatment liquid, the treatment liquid comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent substance.
Full Text DESCRIPTION
METHOD FOR REUSING RECORDING MEDIUM, REUSABLE
RECORDING MEDIUM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING REUSABLE
RECORDING MEDIUM AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS
Technical Field
The present invention relates to methods for reusing recording
media in repeated sequential processes of image forming and erasing,
reusable recording media suited to the methods, methods for producing
the reusable recording media and image forming apparatuses with a
control unit to feed the recording media.
Background Art
In recent years, printers, analogue copiers, digital copiers and
printing machines on the basis of electrophotographic, ink-jet or thermal
transfer processes have been widely popularized, thus extremely great
amounts of paper have been consumed for recording media. The paper,
which being typically used for the recording media, is made of renewable
pulp produced from wood.
However, large amounts of energy are consumed in various paper
producing steps such as pulping steps to extract cellulose fibers from
wood and paper-drying steps to dry the resultant paper. A part of these
steps have been innovated to reduce CO2 amount by way of making use of
biofuels such as black liquor, which being a pulp-extract residual matter,

in place of fossil fuels; however, all of these steps cannot make use of such
biofuels.
CO2 gas emitted from fossil fuels is believed to cause warming of
earth, and also depletion of fossil fuel sources and environmental
protection are serious problems, which demand to reduce the consumed
quantity of paper. Saving of fuel may lead to an effective fuel utilized for
other than paper production, even when the fuel being a biofuel.
Recently, destructive lumbering for paper making seems to be on a
decline, however, all of paper cannot be of wood from well-controlled
forests; thus it is an important social problem to protect forests and to
prevent deterioration of global environment through suppressing the
consumed amount of paper.
In addition, paper typically contains inorganic ingredients free
from burnout and decay, thus disposed paper generates waste product to
be landfilled in a certain rate. However, places for waste products are
definitely limited and restricted, thus the reduction of consumed amount
of paper is desired also from the viewpoint of such a social issue.
In order to address these problems, paper has been conventionally
reused in a way, for example, that used information recording paper is
collected, the collected paper is decomposed once into pulp in paper
making plants and then reproduced into paper.
However, these processes require approximately equivalent
energy with those starting from fresh pulp since other energy is necessary

for collecting/transporting, repulping and paper making even though new
wood source being unnecessary.
In addition, the rate of recycled pulp is typically limited to about
30% for high-quality paper of information recording paper in order to
prevent such quality problems as low stiffness, less whiteness and
bleeding at printing.
As such, it is necessary in order to produce high-quality
information-recording paper with higher whiteness that the rate of
recycled pulp is limited and the pulp is produced from recycled waste
paper, which possibly resulting in a cost higher than that of the processes
from fresh wood in some cases. Furthermore, collection and
regeneration of recording media with recorded information may cause
problems in terms of preservation of secret and privacy since the
recording media with recorded information are put into circulation from
offices or houses.
In order to address these problems, various processes are
proposed to reuse recording media in a way that images, on once-used
recording media, are erased to generate the recording media. For
example, such a process is proposed that a plastic, metal, paper with no
liquid-permeability, or ceramics is employed as the recording medium,
then a hot-melting peeler is interposed between hot-melting images and
the recording medium, and the images are peeled away through heating
the hot-melting peeler (e.g. see Patent Literature 1). An image erasing
apparatus is proposed in which images, formed on a recording medium

treated with, a release agent, are transferred and peeled away by use of an
endless belt having a hot-melting resin on the surface (e.g. see Patent
Literature 2). An erasable paper is proposed in which images on a sheet
or regular paper, prepared by coating and drying a silicone sealing agent
on a coat paper, is removed through attaching and peeling a tape (e.g. see
Patent Literature 3). Patent Literature 3 describes an erasable paper
with a mark or an expression for mechanically distinguishing from
regular paper, in order to prevent erroneous disposal due to confusion
between the erasable paper and regular paper or to avoid erroneous
treatment of regular paper with image erasing devices, in which the mark
may be applied by printing or handwriting and the expression may
display to be erasable by means of perforations.
The recording media, described in the Patent Literatures, have a
base material formed of plastics, contain a silicone sealing material as an
image-repellent agent, or utilize a commercially available adhesive tape.
In cases of recording media having a base material formed of plastics,
users are occasionally beaten by an electrical shock since the materials
tend to accumulate electrical charge during transferring steps in
electrophotographic processes and the electrical charge hardly dissipates
from the materials even after the transferring. In addition, plastics are
typically more expensive than paper.
Patent Reference 4 etc. a utilization of silicone compounds for an
image-repellent agent in order to make easy the image removed. It will
be certain that the silicone compounds in the recording media make easy

to remove images formed on the recording media by transfer with heat
and pressure, even without coating a repellant agent on the recording
media.
However, silicone compounds are considerably expensive, thus the
recording media containing silicone compounds as the image -repellent
agent will suffer from higher production cost. Furthermore, silicone
compounds typically decrease image-fixing ability excessively, thus there
may arise such problems that image-quality degrade due to offset at
image formation, image-forming materials drop out from the recording
media in use, which making images illegible and/or polluting the
surround. In addition, it is difficult to record onto recording media, on
which silicone compounds being coated, by use of water-based pens or oil
pens; it is difficult to coat aqueous liquids since silicone compounds are
not water-soluble.
The present inventors et al. have proposed a reusable recording
medium comprising an image-repellent agent of acrylic ester or
methacrylic ester polymers having fluorinated alkyl groups (e.g. see
Patent Literature 3). However, employment of fluorinated polymers
possibly suffers from similar problems as those of silicone; that is,
fluorine compounds are likely to be expensive, which makes the cost of
recording media higher. The fluorocarbon compounds typically provide
excessive image-repellent effect, thus it is difficult to control fixing ability
of image forming materials onto recording media, more specifically, it is
difficult to assure fixing ability of recording media since fluorocarbon

resins tend to excessively decrease the fixing ability of image forming
materials and/or it is difficult to record onto recording media by use of
water-based pens or oil pens. Furthermore, the fluorocarbon compounds
described in Patent Literature 5 are insoluble in water and hardly soluble
in usual organic solvents, and halogen-containing solvents are necessary
for the coating, which causes an environmental problem.
The present inventors et al. have also proposed a recording
medium containing an image-repellent agent that is comprised of a
fluorocarbon compound, a silicone compound, an alkyl group-containing
surfactant (e.g. see Patent Literature 6). However, employment of the
fluorocarbon compound and/or the silicone compound causes problems
similar with those described above. In some cases, toner-repellent
agents containing an alkyl group may remove image forming materials;
however, there exist such problems as the fixing ability of image-forming
materials is unstable and/or the peeling of image-forming materials is
insufficient, since the surfactants are of monomolecular with small
molecular weights, thus the surfactants tend to migrate into peeling
members, image-forming materials, and/or recording medium, therefore,
the amount or rate of image forming materials-repellent agents is
changeable.
The present inventors et al. have also proposed a method for
removing image-forming materials, in which a water-containing liquid is
impregnated into paper with images formed by electrophotographic
processes, the paper and a peeling member are contacted and pressed

while being hated in a condition that the adhesive force between the
paper and image forming materials is week, then the hot-flexible image
forming materials are peeled away by use of paper (e.g. see Patent
Literature 7). This method is advantageous in that transferring and
peeling may be carried out under lowered adhesive force since a shear
force generates between water-swelling paper fibers and non-swelling
image forming materials.
However, when this method is applied to conventional regular
paper, the image forming materials are often incompletely removed due
to occasionally higher adhesive force between image forming materials
and paper, and/or a part of paper often is peeled away along with the
image forming materials. It is also troublesome in that the addition of
water tent to cause wrinkle or curl and then paper jam under repeated
usage in image-forming apparatuses and/or image erasing apparatuses
even when the additional water being a small amount. Addition of much
water requires much energy to evaporate the water and leads to size
change of regenerated recording media.
The present inventors et al. have also proposed a recording
medium in order to solve the problem in the methods for removing
image-forming materials on recording media through impregnating a
water-containing liquid as described in Patent Literature 7 etc., in which
the adhesive force with toners is controlled by applying compounds with
an alkyl group such as alkyl ketene dimer onto a surface of recording
media thereby to control the contact angle with liquids having a surface

tension equivalent with that of toners (e.g. see Patent Literature 8). In
the Patent Literature 8, the adhesive force with image forming materials
is reduced hy use of a synthetic sizing agent such as alkyl ketene dimer.
This proposal is premised on that additional water can weaken the
adhesive force between image forming materials and the recording media
in the removal of the image forming materials. Therefore, it is difficult
to apply the recording medium, disclosed in the Patent Literature 8, to
image-erasing processes without adding a water-containing liquid as
image-erasing promoting liquid since the adhesive force is excessively
strong.
Furthermore, the alkyl ketene dimer of sizing agent described in
the Patent Literature 8 is monomolecular compounds having a melting
point of 40°C to 70°C; therefore, the higher temperatures at the processes
for erasing image-forming materials and/or in image-forming apparatuses
melt the alkyl ketene dimer and promote the migration thereof into
peeling members, image-forming materials, and/or recording media,
consequently, the amount or rate on the surface of recording media is
unstable. Accordingly, repeated usage thereof often leads to unstable
fixing ability or difficult peeling of image forming materials, decrease of
friction coefficient in the recording media, or difficult transportation of
the recording media. Furthermore, the alkyl ketene dimer applied on
the recording media often moves to paper-feeding rollers of image forming
apparatuses or image erasing apparatuses, which making difficult to
transport the recording media. In addition, Patent Literature 8

describes that styrene, olefin or acrylic polymers may be used as a surface
sizing agent other than the alkyl ketene dimer," however, there is no
descriptions in terms of specific molecular structure of these polymers or
excellent effect over the alkyl ketene dimer.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
(JP-A) NO. 01-297294 (Japanese Patent (JP-B) No. 2958772)
Patent Literature 2: JP-A No. 04-64472 (JP-B No. 2584112)
Patent Literature 3: JP-A No. 04-67043
Patent Literature 4: JP-A No. 10-319620 (JP-B No. 3690063)
Patent Literature 5: JP-A No. 06-219068 (JP-B No. 3222613)
Patent Literature 6: JP-A No. 10-74025
Patent Literature 7: JP-A No. 07-13383 (JP-B No. 3345472)
Patent Literature 8: JP-A No. 08-286579
Disclosure of the Invention.
The present invention aims to solve the problems described above
in the art. That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
method for reusing recording media that affords advantages (i) to (v)
shown below; it is another object of the present invention to provide a
reusable recording medium, it is still another object of the present
invention to provide a method to provide a reusable recording medium,
and it is still another object of the present invention to provide an image
forming apparatus that afford advantages (i) to (v) shown below from
other aspects.

(i) It is applicable to image forming methods in particular to
electrophotographic methods that form images on recording media by use
of conventional image forming materials that contain thermoplastic
resins; the images may be fixed in a commercially feasible way; the
resultant images may be removed from recording media through thermal
transfer by use of a peeling member without applying an image
removal-promoting liquid such as water and organic solvents; and it is
repeatedly applicable to sequential image forming/erasing processes;
(ii) image forming methods in particular electrophotographic
methods may provide high-quality images by use of image forming
materials that contain thermoplastic resins without image dropout and/or
background smear due to offset at thermal fixing;
(ni) repeated usage of the recording media causes substantially
no change in image-quality, fixing ability or erasing ability;
Gv) cost and/or environmental load may be lessened in the
production of the recording media;
(v) resources in the processes or apparatuses for forming or
erasing images may be lessened, and also no waste product to be
landfilled yields from image forming or erasing processes, environmental
load and cost may be reduced.
The objects and advantages may be attained by the present
invention.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for
reusing a recording medium that comprises forming an image on a

recording medium by use of an image forming material, and removing the
image forming material from the recording medium through thermal
transfer by use of a peeling member,
wherein the recording medium is a paper produced through a step
of applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after paper making and
then drying the treatment liquid, the treatment liquid comprises a
water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent
substance, the image forming material comprises a thermoplastic resin,
and the adhesive strength between the peeling member and the image
forming material is higher than the adhesive strength between the
recording medium and the image forming material.
In accordance with the invention described above, the image
forming materials may be completely removed without using an image
removal-promoting liquid, high-quality images may be formed and the
fixing ability may be maintained in a sufficient level, and the resultant
images may be completely erased repeatedly through a thermal transfer
process, since the recording media have a feasible fixing ability and the
polymer is employed for an image-repellent substance in the recording
media.
Preferably, the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer is
produced by saponifying a polymer formed from an olefin, which having a
double bond at alpha-site and a carbon number of 10 or more, and maleic
anhydride.

In the method for reusing a recording medium, the recording
media containing the saponified polymer as the image repellent
substance may exhibit an appropriate adhesive strength with image
forming materials containing a thermoplastic resin and make possible to
completely remove the image forming materials fixed on the recording
media through a thermal transfer process. In addition, handwriting
property and/or transporting property of recording media may be
improved since friction coefficient of the recording media may be fallen in
a proper range.
Furthermore, the polymer of the image-repellent substance is
water-soluble or water-dispersible, therefore, conventional size press
systems for paper production may be used without modification, and the
method according to the present invention may be carried out without
addressing a countermeasure for combustibility.
Preferably, the treatment liquid comprises, in addition to the
water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer, at least a compound selected
from the group consisting of starches, starch derivatives, polyvinyl
alcohols, styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsions, vinyl acetate emulsions,
and water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic resins, in an amount that
the weight ratio of the polymer to the compound is from 1 : 50 to 1 : 1 as
solid content.
The compounds selected from the group described above are
typically inexpensive compared to the polymers with an alkyl group
having a carbon number of 8 or more, which making possible to reduce

the cost of the recording media. In addition, the compounds described
above in an amount within a certain range may effect to improve
handwriting property and/or to raise stiffness of recording media without
deteriorating the effect of image-repellent substance, adjust the balance
of fixing ability and peeling property, and reduce environmental load
without increasing CO2 emission since starches and starch derivatives
are produced from plants.
Preferably, the treatment liquid is applied to one side of the paper
in an amount of 0.5 to 4 g/m2 as solid content.
The amount of the treatment liquid may improve the balance of
fixing property and erasing property of the image forming materials; that
is, the fixing ability may be enhanced due to relatively large irregularity
caused from cellulose fibers as well as appropriate adhesive with image
forming materials, and also the effect of image-repellent substance is
well-balanced, which making possible to remove the image forming
materials on the recording media onto the peeling member through
thermal transfer.
Preferably, an expression is displayed on the recording medium to
be reusable through removing the image forming material.
The expression on the recording medium may provide users with
sure information when reusable materials are desired. That is, reusable
recording media and/or non-reusable recording media may be certainly
distinguished in user selection, or image forming or image erasing
apparatuses. In addition, the expression may prevent inclusion of

non-reusable recording media into image erasing apparatuses, for
example, paper-jam due to the inclusion may be avoided.
The recording medium according to the present invention may be
difficult to be distinguished from non-reusable recording media by visual
inspection, thus the expression to be reusable may be valuable in many
cases.
Preferably, the image forming material is removed through
thermal transfer by use of the peeling member without applying an image
removal-promoting liquid.
When the inventive recording medium is utilized in the inventive
method for reusing a recording medium in particular, image forming
materials on the recording medium may be completely removed. The
exclusion of image removal-promoting liquid may effectively prevent
uneven swelling of cellulose fibers in recording media, which may reduce
the occurrences of curl, wrinkle or jam at image forming or image erasing
apparatuses and raise the reusable times of recording media; and also the
energy to evaporate its medium such as water comes to unnecessary.
Preferably, the image forming material comprises a wax in an
amount of 1% by mass or more. In the inventive method for reusing a
recording medium, the wax in an amount of 1% by mass in the image
forming material may effectively prevent the transfer of the image
forming material onto various parts or members in the image forming
processes such as fixing rollers, fixing belts, intermediate transfer rollers,
etc. even with no use of release agents such as silicone oils.

Preferably, the surface layer of the peeling member, which
contacting with the recording medium at the thermal transfer, comprises
a thermoplastic resin that exhibits plasticity at the thermal transfer
temperature of the image forming material.
The thermo plastic resin in the surface layer of the peeling
member may bring about effective removal of image forming materials on
recording media even with higher irregularity.
Preferably, the image forming material is removed through the
thermal transfer at an upstream side and at a downstream side by use of
two different peeling members, the surface layer of the peeling member at
upstream side, which contacting with the recording medium at the
thermal transfer, comprises a thermoplastic resin that exhibits
substantially no plasticity at the thermal transfer temperature of the
image forming material, and the surface layer of the peeling member at
the downstream side, which contacting with the recording medium at the
thermal transfer, comprises a thermoplastic resin that exhibits plasticity
at the thermal transfer temperature of the image forming material.
The removal of the image forming materials at an upstream side
and at a downstream side by use of two different peeling members as
described above may bring about more complete removal of the image
forming materials and higher durability of the peeling members.
Preferably, the image is formed by use of a powdery
image-forming material that contains a thermoplastic resin and a
colorant by way of an electrophotographic process.

The use of the powdery image-forming material may be effective
to assure appropriate fixing ability in cases where the recording medium
has a relatively high surface irregularity, for example, in the recording
medium according to the present invention described below.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a reusable
recording medium, utilized in the method for reusing a recording medium
described above, wherein the recording medium is a paper produced
through a step of applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after paper
making and then drying the treatment liquid, and the treatment liquid
comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl
group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an
image-repellent substance.
In accordance with the invention described above, a reusable
recording media suited to the inventive method for reusing a recording
medium described above is provided, and such advantages described
above may be effectively taken as complete removal of the image forming
materials repeatable usage thereof.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method
for producing a reusable recording medium, utilized in the method for
reusing a recording medium described above, wherein the recording
medium is produced through a step of applying a treatment liquid at size
pressing after paper making and then drying the treatment liquid, and
the treatment liquid comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible
polymer having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its

side chain as an image-repellent substance.
The method described above may allow to conduct the drying step
by no more than one time, which making possible to decrease the
production cost and the environmental load of the recording media;
furthermore, the polymer of the image-repellent substance is
water-soluble or water-dispersible, therefore, conventional size press
systems for paper production may be used without modification.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides an image
forming apparatus, adapted to use the reusable recording media
described above, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises a
thermally fixing unit configured to form an image by use of a
thermoplastic powdery image forming material and to thermally fix the
image on the recording medium.
The thermally fixing unit described above may allow image
formation without image dropout or background smear.
Preferably, the thermally fixing unit comprises an oilless fixing
device with no function to apply a liquid-release agent onto a surface of
fixing members, and the image forming material comprises a wax in an
amount of 1% by mass or more.
The wax in an amount of 1% by mass in the image forming
material may effectively prevent the transfer of the image forming
material onto various parts or members in the image forming processes
such as fixing rollers, fixing belts, intermediate transfer rollers, etc. even
with no use of the liquid-release agent such as silicone oils.

In still another aspect, the present invention provides an image
forming apparatus, adapted to use the reusable recording media
described above, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises:
plural paper-feed cassettes for storing recording medium, in which
at least one of the plural paper-feed cassettes stores the reusable
recording medium, and
a control unit configured to optionally select the reusable
recording medium to be fed from the paper-feed cassettes.
The image forming apparatus described above may allow users to
conveniently select the usage of the reusable recording media, which
making possible the effective and convenient usage of the reusable
recording media.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a schematic view that shows exemplary expressions for
announcing the inventive recording media to be reusable.
FIG. 1B is a schematic view that shows exemplary expressions for
announcing the inventive recording media to be reusable.
FIG. 1C is a schematic view that shows exemplary expressions for
announcing the inventive recording media to be reusable.
FIG. 1D is a schematic view that shows exemplary expressions for
announcing the inventive recording media to be reusable.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view that shows an exemplary construction
of an image forming apparatus for forming images by an

electrophotographic process using inventive recording media.
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged cross-section of a rear edge, viewed in
paper-feed direction, of paper-feed cassette shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view that shows an exemplary construction
of an image erasing apparatus utilized in the inventive method for
reusing a recording medium.
FIG. 5A is a partial enlarged view of a cleaning blade shown in
FIG. 4 that comprises a multi-groove spiral edge.
FIG 5B is a cross sectional view of a cleaning blade shown in FIG
4 that comprises a multi-groove spiral edge.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a disc cleaning blade that contacts
with a side face edge of a peeling member.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view that shows another exemplary
construction of an image erasing apparatus utilized in the inventive
method for reusing a recording medium.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
Method for reusing a recording medium that comprises forming
an image on a recording medium by use of an image forming material,
and removing the image forming material from the recording medium
through thermal transfer by use of a peeling member, wherein the
recording medium is a paper produced through a step of applying a
treatment liquid at size pressing after paper making and then drying the
treatment liquid, the treatment liquid comprises a water-soluble or

water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with a carbon number of
8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent substance, the image
forming material comprises a thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive
strength between the peeling member and the image forming material is
higher than the adhesive strength between the recording medium and the
image forming material.
The inventive recording medium may be produced by making
paper based on cellulose fibers, then applying an image-repellent
substance in a size pressing step thereby to reduce the adhesive force
with image removal-promoting liquids.
The cellulose fibers used in the paper making may be of wood such
as chemical pulp and mechanical pulp, non-wood such as bagasse and
kenaf, regenerated pulp from old paper, or regenerated pulp from waste
sheets. The cellulose fibers may contain pigments such as calcium
carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and barium sulfate and/or sizing
agents such as rosins, alkenyl succinates and alkyl ketene dimers, and
other chemicals.
The image-repellent substance reduces the adhesive force
between the recording medium and the image forming material thereon,
thereby making possible to remove the image forming material, through
thermal transfer by use of a peeling member.
In the present invention, image-repellent substance of a polymer,
having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain,
may be inhibited for its migration within an/or outside the recording

medium by virtue of the relatively long side chain, which allows stable
fixing ability and peeling property of image forming materials under
repeated usage of the recording medium.
As described above for the prior art, the image-repellent
substance of conventional surfactants or waxes may lead to recording
media on which the image forming materials being able to be transferred
or erased; however, there are problems that the fixing ability and/or the
peeling property are unstable under the storage of recording media with
time in particular under higher temperatures and higher humidities
since the surfactants or waxes are of monomolecular with small molecular
weights. Furthermore, the image-repellent substance tends to migrate
into peeling members, image forming materials or recording media by
action of thermal stress and/or pressing at peeling and/or removing steps
during their repeated usage, which are likely to arise problems in terms
of unstable fixing ability and peeling property of image forming materials.
On the contrary, the image-repellent substance is a polymer in the
present invention, thus the relatively long molecular length tends to
inhibit the molecular migration compared to monomers such as
surfactants and monomers, which leads to the effects intended for the
image-repellent substance and resolves the problems of unstable
properties under the storage or repeated usage.
The polymerization degree of the polymer as the image-repellent
substance is preferably 3 to 5000. The polymer with excessively lower
polymerization degrees tends to migrate into peeling members, image

forming materials or recording media similar as the cases where
monomolecular surfactants or waxes are employed, which resulting in
unstable fixing ability and peeling property of image forming materials.
On the other hand, the polymer with excessively higher polymerization
degrees tends to decrease aqueous solubility or excessively higher
solution viscosity, which resulting in difficult coating of the polymer
solution. As such, the polymerization of the polymer as the
image-repellent substance is preferably 20 to 1000 in particular.
The image-repellent substance, having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain, may allow the thermal
transfer of image forming materials onto peeling members even with no
use of water or organic solvents and sufficiently decrease the adhesive
strength of image forming materials enough to remove from the recording
medium. The image-repellent substance, having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of less than 8 at its side chain, tends to decrease the
adhesive strength insufficiently.
There is no set limit for the carbon number; however, compounds
with a carbon number of 26 or more are commercially difficult to obtain.
The carbon number of alkyl groups is preferably 8 to 24, more preferably
10 to 22 from the viewpoint of proper image-repellency of recording media
and appropriate balance of the fixing ability and the peeling property.
The alkyl group of the image-repellent substance may be linear or
branched in order to reduce the adhesive strength of the image forming
materials. Usually, the larger is the carbon number of the alkyl group,

the more significant is the effect of the image-repellent substance.
Specifically, the optimum carbon number depends on the polymer since
the content of alkyl groups in the polymer or molecular structure at other
than alkyl groups affect the effect of the image-repellent substance.
Specific examples of the polymers having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of 8 or more include saponified olefin-maleic anhydride
copolymers, polyacrylic esters, polymethacrylic esters, acrylic
ester-acrylic acid copolymers, methacrylic ester-methacrylic acid
copolymers, olefin-acrylic ester-acrylic acid copolymers,
olefin-methacrylic ester-methacrylic acid copolymers, graft polymers of
olefins with polyacrylic acids, graft polymers of olefins with
polymethacrylic acids, etc. For example, the acrylic polymers having an
alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more may be synthesized by
polymerization of an ester monomer that is a reaction product of
(meth)acrylic acid and an alcohol having an alkyl group with a carbon
number of 8 or more.
Among these polymers, preferable are water-soluble or
water-dispersible saponified products of polymers between olefins and
maleic anhydride from the viewpoint of appropriate image repellency of
recording media and proper balance between the fixing ability and the
peeling property. The olefins as used herein mean hydrocarbon
compounds that preferably have a double bond at the alpha-site or the
chain end and a carbon number of 10 or more, and are polymerizable
through addition polymerization; more specifically, those expressed by

the general formula (1) below are exemplified, in which R1 represents a
linear alkyl group.

Specific example of the compounds expressed by the formula (1) is
the compound expressed by the formula (2).

The olefins may also be those that have an alkyl group with a
double bond at the alpha-site or chain end and a carbon number of 10 or
more and have a blanched alkyl group as shown by the formula (3), in
which R3 and R4 represent each a linear alkyl group.

Olefins having a double bond at other than the alpha-site are
exemplified by the formula (4) below, in which R5 and R6 in the formula
(4) represent each a linear alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 or more.


The olefin monomer for the polymer utilized in the present
invention may be any compounds exemplified above; preferably, olefins
having a double bond at the alpha-site are employed. That is, when an
olefin polymerizes that has a double bond at the alpha-site, a polymer
may be synthesized that has two carbon atoms at the ends of the
alpha-olefin monomer within the principal chain and the other carbon
atoms within the side chain. For example, when an alpha-olefin with a
carbon number of 13 is polymerized, a polymer with a carbon number of
11 is synthesized.
Preferably, the carbon number of the olefin monomer is 10 or more,
particularly preferably 12 to 20. When the carbon number is below 10,
the image-repellency tends to be insufficient, specifically, the images on
recording media are hardly transferred to peeling members without
applying organic solvents or surfactant-containing liquids. The
olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer may be synthesized by reaction of the
olefin and maleic anhydride under heating and pressuring.
Olefin compounds of commercial mass product are typically a
mixture of olefins with different carbon numbers. The inclusion of
olefins having a carbon number of 9 or less scarcely affects the fixing
ability or erasing property in general. In cases where olefin-maleic

anhydride copolymers are employed, the fixing ability or erasing property
of recording media typically depends on the compounds having a higher
carbon number in the olefin mixture. The olefin is not necessarily
required a double bond at the alpha-site; however, the double bonds at
other than the alpha-site may be difficult to form a polymer since
polymerization reaction hardly progresses.
Another monomer of the olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer is
maleic anhydride expressed by the formula (5).

When maleic anhydride and an olefin undergo a polymerization
reaction, for example, the both are dissolved in an organic solvent or the
both are mixed with no organic solvent then heated in an autoclave to
cause the polymerization reaction. The mole ratio of the olefin monomer
to maleic anhydride is preferably from 1.3/1 to 1/1.3 in the polymerization
reaction, which may bring about a polymer that provides proper fixing
ability and stable image-erasing property. The reason is believed,
without intending to be bound by any theory, that the range of mole ratio
may bring about a polymer of alternative olefin and maleic anhydride
with higher regularity.

In other words, it is believed that the paper of recording media,
which being produced by applying a polymer having regularly an olefin
portion for representing the image'repellency and an maleic acid portion
for allowing water-solubility at size pressing after paper making, has s
surface to which the maleic acid portion affords a degree of affinity with
image forming; materials even after drying the recording media, thus the
fixing ability due to the maleic acid portion and the image-erasing ability
due to the olefin portion can be well-balanced, and resulting in stably
reusable recording media.
In the present invention, an olefrrrmaleic anhydride copolymer,
from a polymerization reaction between an olefin monomer and maleic
anhydride monomer, is hydrolyzed and saponified to prepare a
water-soluble polymer, which is utilized as a treating liquid for an
image-repellent substance at size pressing step.
The olefin maleic anhydride copolymer, hydrolyzed and saponified
in an alkaline solution, is considered to have the structure expressed by
the formula (6) below, in which M1 and M2 represent each a base.


Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds and
phosphonium compounds. Preferably, the olefin-maleic anhydride
copolymer is saponified in an ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution and
utilized as a water-soluble polymer. When the ammonium salt of the
olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer is utilized as the image-repellent
substance, and the treatment liquid containing the salt is heated and
dried at size pressing after paper making, ammonia is detached from the
salt to make the saponified olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer into
non-soluble or hardly soluble within water, consequently, the material
containing the image-repellent substance can be made water resistant.
The sequential processing, in which the olefin-maleic anhydride
copolymer is made into water-soluble by being hydrolyzed and saponified
using a base and is applied on a recording medium using an aqueous
solvent, can be carried out safely and inexpensively, since aqueous
solvents rather than organic solvents are utilized in the processing. In
addition, the saponified olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer can be
blended with other conventional inexpensive surface sizing agents such
as starches, starch derivatives and polyvinyl alcohols without impairing
the effects of the image-repellent substance, therefore, the combination
with other surface sizing agents may bring about inexpensive reusable
recording media with higher safety and lower environmental load.
Previously, silicone compounds or fluorocarbon compounds have
been proposed for the image-repellent substance of reusable recording

media; however, silicone compounds or fluorocarbon compounds hardly
dissolve or disperse into water, thus it is difficult to add these compounds
at size pressing after paper making. Furthermore, silicone compounds
typically decrease image-fixing ability excessively even though the image
erasing property is satisfactory, thus there may arise such problems that
image quality degrades due to offset at image formation, image-forming
materials drop out from the recording media in use, which making images
illegible and/or polluting the surround. The present invention can also
solve these problems.
Method for Producing Reusable Recording Medium
The inventive recording media are produced through a step of
applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after paper making and then
drying the treatment liquid, and the treatment liquid comprises a
water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent
substance. The treatment liquid containing the image-repellent
substance is applied before completely drying the resultant paper, then
the treatment liquid is applied and dried, which avoids the duplicated
drying of after the paper making and after the treatment-liquid
application.
In the size pressing step, it is difficult to use a solvent; other than
water and hydrophilic organic solvents, and water is the desirable solvent
in view of production safety. Therefore, the image-repellent substance is

required to be water-soluble or water-dispersible. As described above,
the olefurmaleic anhydride copolymer is preferably saponified in an
ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution thereby to utilize as a
water-soluble polymer; in addition, polymers containing (meth)acrylic
acid derivatives are utilized as a water-soluble or ionic compound.
The size pressing step after the paper making step is a
conventional step in paper making methods, thus a sizing agent is added
in the step in order to retard the water infiltration into the resultant
paper.
Two-roll sizing presses, gate roll sizing presses with metalling
rolls, and rod metalling sizing presses with metalling rolls are usually
utilized in the size pressing step. The inventive recording media may be
produced by use of any sizing presses, specifically, conventional sizing
presses may be utilized without modification.
In the size pressing step to produce the inventive recording media,
various compounds may be included to the treatment liquid containing
the polymer of the image-repellent substance; preferably, at least one
compound selected from the group consisting of starches, starch
derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsions,
vinyl acetate emulsions, and water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic
resins is included in an amount of from 1/50 to 1/1 for the polymer to the
compound as solid content.
These compounds are relatively inexpensive, thus the cost of the
recording media may be reduced, and also the balance of the fixing ability

and the peeling property between the recording media and the
image-repellent substance may be adjusted by blending the compound
and the polymer without deteriorating the effect of the image-repellent
substance. Among the compounds described above, starches and their
derivatives such as starch oxides and starch phosphates are derived from
plants, which leading to less exhaust amount of CO2 gas and less
environmental load.
It is preferred that the liquid at the size pressing step contains the
image-repellent substance and the other compounds in an amount of from
1/50 to 1/1 as solid content as described above. In cases where the
content of the image-repellent substance is excessively low, the effect of
the image-repellent substance is insufficient, resulting in insufficient
removal of image forming materials from the recording media. The
balance of the fixing ability and the peeling property may be
well-controlled by use only the polymer of the image-repellent substance
without the compounds described above. However, the inclusion of the
compounds other than the polymer may increase the stiffness of paper,
improve the writing property using ball pens, pencils, fountain pens, oily
ink marker and aqueous ink marker, and decrease the cost of recording
media due to their inexpensive price.
The treatment liquid at the size pressing step may contain a
pigment in order to improve the recording media in terms of whiteness,
transparency and friction coefficient, color for distinguishable
information, or enhance writing property.

Examples of the white pigment include inorganic pigments such
as kaolin, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, alumina, diatom
earth, barium sulfate and silica, and organic pigments such as
crosslinked styrene polymer, styrene-butadiene copolymers,
styrene-acrylic copolymers and urea resins.
A small amount of color pigments such as phthalocyanine may
provide distinguishable information to be a reusable recording medium or
not. An additional dye at the size pressing step may color the reusable
recording medium for the information.
The optimal amount of the treatment liquid, containing the
image-repellent substance, applied at the size pressing step depends on
the thickness or length of cellulose fibers or image forming materials; in a
case of kraft pulp that is typically utilized for high-quality paper, the
amount is preferably 0.5 to 4 g/m2 as solid content at one side.
It is preferred that substantially the same amount of the same
composition is applied to both sides of the inventive recording medium in
order to make use of the both sides and prevent the curl; in such case, the
amount of the composition is preferably 1 to 8 g/m2 as dried amount.
In order to enhance the smoothness of the recording media, the
recording media are preferably subjected to super-calendar treatment.
This treatment may enhance the image-erasing ability and to reduce the
amount of the composition containing the image-repellent substance.
It is preferred that the inventive reusable recording media have
an expression able to reuse after erasing the image forming materials,

which making possible for users to distinguish, reusable recording media
from usual non-reusable media.
The recording medium according to the present invention may be
difficult to be distinguished from non-reusable recording media by visual
inspection since the deposited amount of the composition is relatively
small, thus the expression to be reusable may be valuable in many cases.
Examples of the expression to be reusable are a notch as shown in
FIG. 1A, a perforation as shown in FIG. 1B, plural perforations as shown
in FIG. 1C, and a bar code as shown in FIG. 1D; alternatively, marks
other than bar codes, printing by use of light-absorptive inks
non-detectable visually such as UV-rays and IR rays, fluorescent inks,
dyes and pigments, in addition, 1C tips sensitive or generating an
electromagnetic wave may be available.
It is preferred that the expression to be reusable is hardly
disappeared during image forming or erasing processes and easily
distinguishable for users. From the viewpoint, the notch or perforation
described above is most preferable.
Method for Reusing Recording Medium
The inventive method for reusing a recording medium carries out
a series of forming and erasing an image repeatedly by use of a
water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with a
carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent
substance, in which the image forming material comprises a
thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive strength between the peeling

member and the image forming material is higher than the adhesive
strength between the recording medium and the image forming material.
In order to remove image forming materials formed on a recording
medium with a surface irregularity such as paper, it is difficult to remove
the image through thermal transfer when the image forming material
contains no thermoplastic resin, since image forming materials with no
thermoplasticity offer insufficient contact between the image forming
material and peeling member.
In the inventive method for reusing a recording medium, the
image forming material is removed from the recording medium in a way
that heating the image forming material on the recording medium to
soften the image forming material, contacting a peeling member with the
image forming material on the recording medium, separating the
recording medium and the peeling member, transferring the image
forming material onto the peeling member, thereby removing the image
forming material from the recording medium.
Accordingly, the image forming material is required for the
following properties: the image forming material has thermoplasticity
and adheres to the peeling member; the image forming material has a
cohesive force higher than the adhesive force with the recording media at
separating the recording medium and the peeling member; the image
forming material exhibits a moderate elasticity at heat-softened condition
so as not infiltrate deeply into the recording medium; the image forming
material has a degree of thickness on the recording medium so as to

contact with the peeling member.
The process to form images may be properly selected as long as
the image forming material has the necessary properties described above.
The image forming process may be exemplified by conventional
electrophotographic processes, in which a photoconductor is
electrostatically charged, a latent image formed by exposure is developed
by use of a powder toner, the developed tone image is transferred directly
onto a recording medium or through an intermediate transfer body, and
fixing the image forming material by heating.
In the popular electrophotographic apparatuses having a
photoconductor, thermoplastic powder containing a thermoplastic resin is
utilized as the image forming material; the image forming material is
transferred onto a recording medium, then the image forming material is
transferred onto a recording medium by use of a thermal fixing apparatus
consisting of a heating roller, heat fixing belt, light irradiation unit, etc.
In addition to the conventional electrophotographic processes
using a photoconductor, the other processes may be applied to the present
invention, such as electrostatic recording processes in which electrostatic
images are formed by controlling an ion stream using a needle electrode
etc. and developed using a powder toner, or so-called toner-jet processes
in which the stream of powdery toner particles is controlled by an
electrode and images are formed on recording media. These processes
usually utilize thermoplastic toners, which being thermally fixed
similarly on recording media, thus can be suitably applied to the present

invention.
Furthermore, hot-melt ink-jet recording processes in which a
melted ink containing a thermoplastic resin is ejected to an intermediate
transfer body and the resulting image is transferred onto a recording
medium, thermal transfer recording processes in which an ink on a
thermosensitive transfer ribbon is transferred onto a recording medium
by use of a heating element, and printing processes such as gravure
printing, offset printing, screen printing, pad printing and stencil
printing may be applied to the present invention as long as the inks are
prepared to be thermoplastic with appropriate viscoelastLcity.
The particle diameter of the powdery image forming materials
may be properly selected depending on application; in particular, the
volume average particle size of 3 to 15 m tends to bring about excellent
images with relatively large thickness on recording media, thus leading to
appropriate image erasion.
The powdery image forming materials utilized in the present
invention may be ones produced by conventional milling processes, or
ones produced by chemical processes such as of dispersion polymerization
and suspension polymerization that can be well-controlled with respect to
particle diameter, particle diameter distribution, shape, etc. compared to
the milling processes, or others being appropriate for the present
invention.
In the present invention, the image forming materials comprise a
thermoplastic resin in order to exhibit appropriate fixing ability and the

peeling property as described above. Examples of the thermoplastic
resin include polyester resins, polystyrenes, poly-p-chlorostyrene,
styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers,
styrene-vinyltoluene copolymers, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymers,
styrene-methylacrylate copolymers, styrene-ethylacrylate copolymers,
styrene-butylacrylate copolymers, styrene-octylacrylate copolymers,
styrene-methylmethacrylate copolymers, styrene-ethylmethacrylate
copolymers, styrene -butylmethacrylate copolymers,
styrene-alpha-chloromethylmethacrylate copolymers,
styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-vinylmethylketone copolymers,
styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers,
styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers,
styrene-maleate copolymers, polymethylmethacrylate,
polybutylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene,
polypropylene, epoxy resins-, epoxypolyol resins, polyurethane, polyamide,
polyvinylbutyral, polyacrylic acid resins, rosins, modified rosins, terpene
resins, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic petroleum
resins. Among these thermoplastic resins, polyester resins and
styrene-acrylic resins are preferable in particular.
The content of these resins is preferably 50 to 99.5% by mass in
the image forming materials, particularly preferably 80 to 97% by mass.
The glass transition temperature Tg, melting temperature and
viscoelasticity of the thermoplastic resin in image forming materials are
important in order to exhibit appropriate fixing/erasing properties of

image forming materials. The glass transition temperature of 40°C to
100°C may make possible to fix and erase the image forming materials at
relatively low temperatures and to provide appropriate storage stability;
more preferably, the glass transition temperature is 50°C to 70°C.
Preferably, the thermoplastic resin exhibits 10000 dyne/cm2 of storage
modulus at frequency 20 Hz and temperature 80°C or more, more
preferably 90°C to 160°C.
In the process to fix the image forming materials containing the
thermoplastic resins, it is preferred that the image forming materials are
pressed and fixed onto recording media by use of a fixing member heated
at 100°C or more. The fixing strength of the image forming materials
with inventive recording media, which being dependent with linear
velocity, heating period and pressure, is typically insufficient when
heated by use of a heating member of below 100°C; preferable heating
temperature of the fixing member is 100°C to 240°C.
The image forming materials may contain a colorant as an
optional ingredient. Examples of the colorant include black pigments
such as carbon blacks and iron oxide; yellow pigments such as C.I.
pigment yellow 12, C.I. pigment yellow 13, C.I. pigment yellow 14, C.I.
pigment yellow 15, C.I. pigment yellow 17, C.I. pigment yellow 93, CI.
pigment yellow 94, C.I. pigment yellow 138, C.I. pigment yellow 155, C.I.
pigment yellow 156, C.I. pigment yellow 180 and C.I. pigment yellow 185;
magenta pigments such as CI. pigment red 2, C.I. pigment red 3, CI.
pigment red 5, C.I. pigment red 16, C.I. pigment red 48:1, CI. pigment

red 53:1, CI. pigment red 57:1, CI. pigment red 122, C.I. pigment red 123,
CI. pigment red 139, CI. pigment red 144, C.I. pigment red 166, CI.
pigment red 177, C.I. pigment red 178 and CI. pigment red 222; cyan
pigments such as CI. pigment blue 15, CI. pigment blue 15:2, CI.
pigment blue 15:3, CI. pigment blue 16 and CI. pigment blue 60. These
colorants are preferably incorporated into image forming materials in an
amount of 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass.
It is preferred that the inventive image forming material
comprises a wax in an amount of 1% by mass or more as a mold-release
agent. Examples of the wax include carnauba wax, montan wax, honey
wax, paraffin wax, and microcrystalline wax. The inclusion of these
waxes in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass into image forming materials
may effectively prevent in many cases so-called offset, i.e. deposition of
partial image forming materials onto thermal fixing rollers or fixing belts,
even without applying silicone oil to the thermal fixing rollers or fixing
belts, which leading to simple construction of image forming apparatuses.
The recording media in the present invention are based on
cellulose fibers and the additional solid content is no more than the
amount able to be added at size pressing; consequently, image forming
materials can intertwine with cellulose fibers, the fixing ability emerges
due to a mechanical anchor effect in a sufficient level for practical use and
thus offsets can be prevented, which may afford a significant advantage
that image forming materials are transferred and removed toward
peeling members with no use of image removal-promoting liquid.

On the other hand, since the additional solid content is no more
than the amount able to be added at size pressing and there remains
some irregularity affected by cellulose fibers, it may be difficult to remove
sufficiently perfectly the remaining image forming materials by use of
peeling members formed merely of thermal resistant plastics such as
polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphtylate, polyimide,
polysulfone, polyetheretherketone and polyphenylene sulfide; or metals
such as stainless steel and nickel.
Accordingly, it is preferred in the image erasing process that the
surface layer of peeling members to be contacted with recording media in
the thermal transfer contains a thermoplastic resin that exhibits
plasticity at the thermal transfer temperature. That is, when the
peeling member with such a surface layer and the recording media are
contacted and heated, the thermoplastic layer deforms plastically,
allowing the contact of the peeling member with low-height images in
depressed areas or low-density gray-scale images surrounded by
high-height letter images, thereby making possible to remove
substantially perfectly the image forming materials on recording media.
However, the use of only the peeling member with such a
thermoplastic surface layer may coxae to insufficient removal of image
forming materials in some cases due to its durability in particular. In
order to address this problem, it is preferred that two different peeling
members are provided and the peeling step is carried out at upper stream
as well as lower stream, and the peeling member for the lower stream has

the peeling member with such a thermoplastic surface layer.
The image forming apparatus utilized in the inventive method for
reusing recording media will be explained with reference to drawings.
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary construction of an image forming
apparatus for forming images by an electrophotographic process.
In the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 2, yellow (Y),
magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) images are formed on each
photoconductor, the images formed in the different stations are
transferred onto an intermediate image-transfer member 217, the
transferred images on the intermediate image transfer member 217 is
transferred onto a recording medium 237 which is conveyed from a
recording medium storage casing 231, and the powdery images formed
from image-forming materials are fixed to the recording medium 237
through thermal fixture using an image-fixing roller 244. Such an
electrophotographic color-image forming apparatus is conventional and
classified into a conventional tandem color electrophotographic
apparatus.
The yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K)
image-forming stations comprise the following conventional components
for electrophotographic apparatuses as follows- specifically, the
image-forming stations are consisted of for example, photoconductors 201
(201Y, 201M, 201C and 201K), charging means 202 (202Y, 202M, 202C
and 202K) for uniformly charging the photoconductors 201, light
irradiation means (not shown), developers 203 (203Y, 203M, 203C, 203K),

corona wire charges 205 (205Y, 205M, 205C, 205K), means 206 (206Y,
206M, 206C, 206K) for applying an electric field, and cleaning means 207
(207Y, 207M, 207C, 207K).
The image forming apparatus may further comprise any optional
components according to necessity in addition to these components.
Examples of such additional components are charge-eliminating means,
such as an AC charger and light irradiator, for eliminating the charge on
the photoconductors 201 after image transfer; and controlling means for
detecting the charge voltage applied to the photoconductors 201 in
combination with control means for controlling the voltage applied to the
chargers 202 so as to keep the surface potentials of the photoconductors
201 at constant level even in varying environmental conditions or in
deterioration due to repetitive use. When toner removal from the
photoconductors 201 after image transfer is not required, the cleaning
means 207 (207Y, 207M, 207C, 207K) can be omitted. Likewise, when
there is no need of charging the powdery images formed on the
photoconductors 201, the corona wire chargers 205 (205Y, 205M, 205C,
205K) can be omitted.
The intermediate transfer belt 217, which being an endless belt, is
arranged to contact rollers 211, 212, 214 and 215 with the inner wall
thereof. A tension-mechanism (not shown) applies a suitable tension to
the intermediate image-transfer belt 217. The intermediate
image-transfer belt 217 has means 210 for eliminating powder deposited
on the surface of the belt, such as a brush or roller. The image forming

apparatus further comprises charge eliminating means and/or charging
means for eliminating or uniforming the charge remained on the
intermediate transfer belt after image transfer to the recording medium,
depending on requirements.
The recording medium, on which images being finally formed, is
housed in recording medium storage casings 231 (231a, 231b, 231c, 231d)
and is fed to a paper conveying system by action of paper-feed rollers 232
(232a, 232b, 232c, 232d) and is conveyed via pairs of paper-feed rollers
233 (233a, 233b, 233c, 233d, 233e, 233f, 233g, 233h, 233i). The powdery
image is transferred from the intermediate image-transfer belt 217 to the
recording medium by action of means 242 for applying an electric field,
such as a voltage applying roller or a corona wire charger.
The image-forming material transferred to the recording medium
is fixed thereto by action of image-fixing means typically comprising
heating roller or heating belt 244 and pressure roller 245. The recording
medium bearing the fixed image is ejected via a pair of output rollers 241
to output tray 240.
The inventive reusable recording media is encased into, for
example, paper-feed cassette 231a among 231a to 231d, and non-reusable
recording media are encased into the other cassettes 231b, 231c and 231d.
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged cross-section of a rear edge, viewed in
paper-feed direction, of paper-feed cassette 231a. A light-emitting
element 238 and a light receiving element 239 are provided at near the
rear edge and side edge of the paper-feed cassette 231a to detect notches

or perforations.
The signal at the light receiving element 239 is delivered to a
control unit (not shown) to judge the existence of reusable recording
media. Users can select the print mode of a first print mode where
reusable recording media being printed or a second print mode where
non-reusable recording media being printed.
In the control panel or the user interface, the first image-forming
mode may be indicated, for example, as a button or a selection choice
marked as "Reuse", "Paper Reuse", "Reuse Mode", "Dedicated Paper",
"Reusable Paper", "Resource Saving", "Short-Term Perusal" or
"Short-term Use". The second image-forming mode may be indicated, for
example, as a button or a selection choice marked as "Image-Fixing Mode",
"High Image-Fixing", "Fix Mode", "Plain Paper", "Unused Paper",
"Document Storage" or "External Distribution". The selection of the
image-forming mode can also be set, for example, so that a higher priority
is given to the first image-forming mode, the first image-forming mode is
automatically selected unless the user takes an action, and the user takes
an action to select the second image-forming mode only in the case where
the user wants to form an image according to the second image-forming
mode.
An image erasing apparatus, utilized for image erasing in the
inventive method for reusing recording media, that comprises a peeling
member will be explained in the following.
Specific Example (i)

FIG. 4 is a schematic view that shows an exemplary construction
of an image erasing apparatus utilized in the inventive method for
reusing recording media. The apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is constructed
such that the removal of image forming materials through thermal
transfer is carried out using two different peeling members at upstream
and downstream.
In the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, pressure roller 711, heating
roller 712, heater 213, peeling member 717, separating block 714, tension
roller 715, cleaning backup roller 716, cleaning blade 310 and image
forming material-collecting container 719 construct a portion for
removing image forming materials that has a peeling member of which
the surface layer is non-plasticity at the temperature of the heating and
pressing with recording media.
The pressure roller 711 is, for example, an aluminum or stainless
roller of 35 mm diameter and 3 mm thick that has an elastic layer of a
silicon rubber of 3mm thick. A pressure unit (not shown) of springs,
hydraulic or air pressure is provided between the pressure roller 711 and
heating roller 712, thereby recording medium 700 and peeling member
are contacted and pressed for removing image forming materials. The
heating roller 712 is, for example, an aluminum or stainless roller of 35
mm diameter and 3 mm thick, and the surface is treated with a
fluorocarbon resin to avoid the deposition of image forming materials or
dusts.
The surface of pressure roller 711 is also treated with a

fluorocarbon resin to avoid the deposition of image forming materials or
dusts. Heater 213 such as halogen lamps and infrared lamps is disposed
inside the heating roller 712. The temperature of the surface of heating
roller 712 is detected by a surface thermometer (not shown), the detected
temperature is input into a control unit (not shown) to control the electric
power into the heater thereby to maintain the surface temperature of the
heating roller at a predetermined level.
The peeling member 717, which being an endless belt, is stretched
over the heating roller 712, separating block 714, tension roller 715 and
cleaning backup roller 716. The tension roller 715 is equipped with an
urging member to apply a certain tension to the belt of the peeling
member. The adhesive force of the peeling member 717 with the image
forming materials is necessary to be higher than the adhesive force of the
recording medium with the image forming materials.
The peeling member 717 is a belt of about 75 to 300 m thick.
The material of the peeling member 717 is preferably a film and may be a
thermoplastic resin having no plasticity at 60°C to 150°C of usual image
transfer temperature; examples of the material include polyethylene
terephthalate, polyethylene naphtylate, polyimide, polysulfone,
polyetheretherketone and polyphenylene sulfide; or metals such as
stainless steel and nickel.
The pressure roller 711 is connected to and driven by an electric
motor through a gear system (not shown). The peeling member 717 is
moved at a linear velocity of 15 to 150 mm/sec, for example.

The cleaning blade 310 may be, for example, a blade roller with
plural-spiral grooves of diameter 25 mm made of a cutting steel, as shown
in FIG. 5. Images transferred from recording medium 700 on peeling
member 717 may be removed by way of rotating the cleaning blade 310
reversely with the peeling member 717 or rotating the cleaning blade 310
at a different velocity with the peeling member 717. In FIG. 5, 310a is
an edge of a spiral groove, 310b is a spiral groove, and 9a is an angle
between the center axis of the blade roller and the edge of the spiral
groove. The 8a is arranged so that image forming materials of on the
peeling member 717 can be adequately removed. The cleaning backup
roller 716 bears a low-hardness elastomer like a sponge at the surface,
and is equipped with a pressure unit (not shown) of springs, hydraulic or
air pressure, thereby a pressure is applied with the cleaning blade 310 to
form a nip. The image forming materials 730 scraped away by the
peeling member 717 are accumulated in a collecting container 719 of
image forming materials.
In FIG. 4, pressure roller 721, heating roller 722, heater 723,
peeling member 727, separating roller 724, cleaning portion-heating
roller 226, heater 720, image forming material-pressure roller 225,
cleaning blade 728 and image forming material-collecting container 729
constitute an image forming material-removing/treating portion that has
a peeling member of which the surface layer exhibits plasticity at the
temperature to contact with the recording media.
The pressure roller 721 has a heat-resistant elastic layer, like of a

silicon rubber, similarly with the image forming
material-removing/treating portion at upstream side. A pressure unit
(not shown) of springs, hydraulic or air pressure is provided between the
pressure roller 721 and the heating roller 722, thereby recording medium
700 and peeling member 727 are contacted and pressed for removing
image forming materials.
Heater 723 such as halogen lamps and infrared lamps is disposed
inside the heating roller 722. The temperature of the surface of heating
roller 722 is detected by a surface thermometer (not shown), the detected
temperature is input into a control unit (not shown) to control the electric
power into the heater thereby to maintain the surface temperature of the
heating roller at a predetermined level.
The peeling member 727, which being an endless belt, is stretched
over the pressure roller 721, separating roller 724, and cleaning
portion-heating roller 226. An urging member (not shown) is equipped
with the separating roller 724 to apply a certain tension to the belt of the
peeling member. The separating roller is one having a diameter of about
10 mm, of which the curvature making possible to separate the recording
media and the peeling member.
Since a greater part of image forming materials on the recording
media is removed at upstream side, the adhesive strength between the
recording media and the peeling member is relatively small at;
downstream side compared to at upstream, thus the separating block at
the downstream is unnecessary to have a curvature as small as that at

upstream.
The peeling member 727 is a belt of about 75 to 300 m thick, and
a thermoplastic resin layer, having plasticity at 60°C to 160°C of usual
image transfer temperature, is provided on the surface.
The base material of the peeling member 727 is necessary to
adhere to the plasticity layer more strongly than between the image
forming materials and the recording media; the material may be similar
with that of the polymer film of the peeling member 717 at upstream side
such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphtylate, polyimide,
polysulfone, polyetheretherketone and polyphenylene sulfide.
It is also preferred that the base material is improved for the
adhesive force with the plasticity layer by way of surface-roughening by
sandblast treatment, corona discharge, UV rays irradiation, ion
irradiation, electron beam irradiation and oxidation treatment.
The plasticity layer on the base material is preferably of polyvinyl
acetate resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, styrene-aerylie resins,
polyester resins and nylon. Since at least near the surface of the
plasticity layer on the base material is intermixed with image forming
materials at the transfer step, it is preferred that the material of the
plasticity layer is substantially the same with the resin in image forming
materials on the recording media or to be used on the recording media.
The employment of the same resin with image forming materials may
bring about stable image-erasing property under prolonged usage of the
image erasing device since the composition of the plasticity layer may be

free from significant change thereof.
The image forming material-pressure roller 225 is made of metals
such as aluminum and stainless steel having a larger diameter at the roll
center compared to at the end face. The surface is treated with
compositions with lower surface energy such as fluorocarbon resin in
order to inhibit adhesion of image forming materials thereon. A
pressure unit (not shown) of springs, hydraulic or air pressure is provided
between the image forming material-pressure roller 225 and the cleaning
portion-heating roller 226. A pressure is applied between the image
forming material-pressure roller 225 and the cleaning portion-heating
roller 226 at least when cleaning the peeling member 727, thus the
plasticity substance of the plasticity layer on the peeling member 727
migrates to the smaller-diameter end faces of the image forming
material-pressure roller 225.
An elastomer layer such as of silicone rubber and sponge is
disposed around the surface of the cleaning portion-heating roller 226,
and a nip is formed between the pressure unit described above and the
image forming material-pressure roller 225. Heater 720 such as halogen
lamps and infrared lamps is disposed inside the cleaning portion-heating
roller 226. The surface temperature of the cleaning portion-heating
roller 226 is detected by a surface thermometer (not shown), the detected
temperature is input into a control unit (not shown) to control the electric
power into the heater 720 thereby to maintain the surface temperature of
the cleaning portion-heating roller 226 at a predetermined level.

The heater 720 performs to heat the plasticity layer on the peeling
member thereby to enhance the flowability of the plasticity layer at
cleaning the peeling member 727. The heating temperature of the
plasticity layer at cleaning, being higher than at removing the image
forming materials, may make easy to remove the image forming
materials from peeling member 727 due to higher flowability of the
plasticity layer. That is, in order to transfer the image forming
materials properly into the peeling member at removing the image
forming materials, it is necessary that the image forming materials have
a degree of elasticity and the plasticity layer exhibits a higher cohesive
strength. Separation between recording media and image forming
materials with lower cohesive strength may remain the residual image
forming materials on the recording media since the image forming
materials are separated into the peeling member and the recording
medium.
On the contrary, the higher flowability of image forming materials
may bring about effective removal of image forming materials on the
peeling member, in the removing of image forming materials at
downstream side. Accordingly, it is preferred that the temperature at
the cleaning portion is about 20°C to 90°C higher than that at the peeling
member of the image forming material removing portion.
The cleaning blade 728 acts as a cutting blade with a thinner
thickness, which having a blade 111 on one side of peeling member as
shown in FIG. 6, in order to remove image forming materials protruded

from the peeling member rather than scrubbing those on the peeling
portion.
The recording media 700, on which images being formed, are set
into a paper-feeding cassette 701 with the side to be erased facing
downward. The recording media 700 are picked up one by one using a
pickup roller 702 and conveyed to image forming material-removing
portion at upstream using a pair of paper-feeding rollers 703. The image
forming materials on the recording media are heated and pressed by the
nip between the pressure roller 711 and the heating roller 712, and the
image forming materials made into plasticity adhere to the surface of the
peeling member 717.
The recording medium and the peeling member are separated by a
separating block 714 having an edge of curvature radium of about 2 mm.
At this stage, high-density gray-scale images are transferred to the
peeling member among the solid images and letter images. Then the
recording medium is conveyed to image forming material-removing
portion of downstream site by a pair of paper-feeding rollers 704.
In the image forming material-removing portion at upstream,
every time of erasing of the image forming materials leads to removal of
image forming materials on the peeling member by use of the cleaning
blade 310. It is preferred that the temperature of the image forming
materials is higher at the upstream than at downstream.
Higher temperature when pressing at the upstream may enhance
the flowability of image forming materials and collapse images with

higher height, thus the adhesiveness of gray-scale images or lower images
adjacent to higher images may be enhanced. Therefore, the amount of
image forming materials to be removed at the upstream may be increased
by raising the temperature.
On the other hand, when image forming materials remain on the
peeling member with different heights and also the transfer temperature
is higher, the image forming materials tend to transfer reversibly to
background etc. of recording media. In addition, lower planarity of the
peeling member tends to decrease the removable images due to scarce
contact of lower images with the peeling member. Therefore, it is
preferred that the image forming materials on the peeling member at
upstream are removed at every time of erasing of the image forming
materials; and that at least the image forming materials transferred on
the peeling member are made flat in order to prevent reverse transfer or
reduction of life time.
The recording media, a great part of image forming materials
having been removed at upstream, are treated similarly at the image
forming material-removing portion at downstream. At this down stream,
the surface of the peeling member exhibits plasticity when the recording
media and the peeling member are contacted, heated and pressed. The
plasticity of the peeling member may make possible to contact the peeling
member with image forming materials of various conditions and the
image forming materials may be removed efficiently. The temperature
of the peeling member at downstream is controlled lower than that of the

upstream.
When the temperature at downstream is higher than that at
upstream, the plasticity layer of the peeling member adheres strongly
with the recording media, which making difficult to separate the
recording media and the peeling member or promoting the reverse
transfer of the plasticity layer of the peeling member onto the recording
media. As such, it is preferred that the temperature of the peeling
member at the downstream is 5°C to 30°C lower than that of peeling
member at upstream; specific temperature thereof is preferably 55°C to
130°C.
The removal or cleaning of image forming materials on the peeling
member at downstream is not necessary to be carried out at every time of
the removal processing of image forming materials by the peeling member.
In the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the removal or cleaning is controlled
intermittently by a control portion (not shown). The amount of image
forming materials removed at downstream is relatively small and the
gaps between the transferred images are relatively little, therefore, the
processing for removing the image forming materials may be carried out
properly at not every time of the removal processing of the peeling
member. Furthermore, in order to remove a part of the plasticity layer
from the peeling member at downstream, the plasticity layer is preferably
heated to a temperature higher than that at removal processing of the
image forming materials; therefore, frequent heating of the peeling
member is inadequate in view of energy saving.

The cleaning of the peeling member at downstream is preferably
carried out intermittently, more specifically, at stop period of removal
processing of image forming materials rather than in parallel with the
removal processing of image forming materials. This is because the
plasticity layer is preferably heated to a temperature higher than that at
removal processing of the image forming materials, therefore, the higher
temperature at the cleaning portion should be dropped on the way to the
image forming material-removing portion, which in turn requiring a
cooling unit for the peeling member or longer distance of the peeling
member.
Specific Example (ii)
FIG. 7 is a schematic view that shows another exemplary
construction of an image erasing apparatus utilized in the inventive
method for reusing a recording medium. The same reference numbers
with FIG. 4 denote common parts. In FIG. 7, heater 424 such as halogen
lamps and infrared lamps is disposed inside the heating/separating block
423 made of metals such as aluminum and stainless steel. The
temperature of the surface of the heating/separating block 423 is detected
by a surface thermometer (not shown), the detected temperature is input
into a control unit (not shown) to control the electric power into the heater
720 thereby to maintain the surface temperature of the
heating/separating block 423 at a predetermined level.
The pressure roller 711 is, for example, one made of aluminum or
stainless steel with 50 mm diameter and 3 mm thick and has a

heat-resistant elastic layer like a silicon rubber of 3 mm thick at the
surface. A pressure unit (not shown) of springs, hydraulic or air
pressure is provided between the heating/separating block, thereby
recording medium 700 and peeling member 717 are contacted and
pressed for removing image forming materials.
In the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, pressure roller 711,
heating/separating block 423, heater 424, peeling member 717, tension
roller 715, cleaning backup roller 716, cleaning blade 310 and image
forming material-collecting container 719 construct a portion for
removing image forming materials, as the upstream portion of FIG. 4,
that has a peeling member of which the surface layer is non-plasticity at
the temperature of the heating and pressing with recording media.
The peeling member 717, which being an endless belt, is stretched
over the heating/separating block 423, tension roller 715 and cleaning
backup roller 716. The tension roller 715 is equipped with an urging
member to apply a certain tension to the belt of the peeling member.
The heating/separating block 423 is one that has an edge portion
of 3 mm curvature radius. The recording medium 700 with images to be
removed and peeling member 717 are heated and pressed at the nip
between the heating/separating block 423 and pressure roller 711 and
then separated at the edge portion of heating/separating block 423. The
upper surface of the heating/separating block 423, with which the peeling
member slides, is treated with a fluorocarbon resin in order to reduce the
friction coefficient and to avoid the deposition of image forming materials

or dusts.
The peeling member 717, cleaning backup roller 716, cleaning
blade 310 and collection container 719 of image forming materials 719 are
constructed and images are erased similarly with those of FIG. 4, and the
cleaning operation is controlled to conduct at every removal of image
forming materials.
In the exemplary apparatus for removing image forming
materials shown in FIG. 7, the peeling member 417 at downstream is
formed into a web and wound onto cores 425, 426 so as to treat numerous
sheets of recording media. Separating/pressing roller 428 is one with
about 30 mm diameter and forms a nip with pressure roner 711 by action
of a pressure unit (not shown) such as springs, hydraulic or air pressure.
Heater 429 such as halogen lamps and infrared lamps is disposed inside
the pressure roller 711, the surface temperature of the pressure roller is
detected by a surface thermometer (not shown), and the detected
temperature is input into a control unit (not shown) to control the electric
power into the heater 429 thereby to maintain the surface temperature of
the pressure roller at a predetermined level. The peeling member 417 at
downstream and the recording medium, having been removed the image
forming materials at upstream and separated from the peeling member,
are contacted and pressed between the separating/pressure roller 428 and
pressure roller 711. The recording medium, having been substantially
completely removed the image forming materials through transferring
onto the peeling member with a plasticity layer, is directed by action of

guide plate 431 and stored into paper-discharge tray 709 by action of a
pair of conveying rollers 705, 706.
In the exemplary apparatus for removing image forming
materials shown in FIG. 7, the cleaning by the peeling member at
downstream is not conducted within the apparatus. A thermoplastic
resin is disposed at the surface of the peeling member at downstream,
similarly with FIG. 4, the base material of the peeling member may be
preferably polymer compounds far from plasticity at the heating and
pressing conditions; preferable examples thereof include polyethylene
terephthalate, polyethylene naphtylate, polyimide, polysulfone,
polyetheretherketone and polyphenylene sulfide.
In addition to the base materials described above, paper formed
essentially of cellulose fibers is appropriately utilized in apparatuses as
shown in FIG. 7. That is, conventional kinds of paper are porous and
exhibit proper adhesive property, even without surface treatment, with
plasticity layers such as polyvinyl acetate resins, ethylene vinylacetate
copolymers, styrene-acrylic resins, polyester resins and nylon, therefore,
the recording media and the peeling member can be separated with
substantially no occurrence of interfacial separation between the base
material and the plasticity layer. Furthermore, the paper is inexpensive,
and easily turned into fuels or recycle paper.
The web-like peeling member 417 at downstream shown in FIG. 7,
wound on core 426, is taken up on core 425 in the process for removing
image forming materials. An end mark is put in near the web end.

When end mark-detecting unit 733 detects an end mark, a
pressure-releasing unit (not shown) releases the pressure between the
separating/pressure roller 428 and pressure roller 711, the peeling
member at downstream is taken up to core 426, and the peeling member
417 at downstream is used multiple times for removing image forming
materials. The peeling member 417 at downstream may be typically
used for 100 to 1000 sheets of recording media per one peeling member,
provided that the area of the peeling member is the same as that of one
sheet of the recording medium.
Examples
The present invention will be explained more specifically with
reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but these are to be
construed as non-limiting the present invention.
Initially, treatment liquids that contain polymers for an
image-repellent substance were prepared in the Synthesis Examples (1)
to (6) and Comparative Synthesis Example (1) in order to produce
recording media for Examples and Comparative Examples, in which the
polymers were each a saponified polymer of an olefin having an alkyl
group at its side chain and maleic anhydride.
In the descriptions below, all percentages and parts are by weight
unless indicated otherwise.
Synthesis Example 1
A linear alpha-alefin mixture (C12 olefin/C13 olefin/C14 olefin =

4/3/3 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride were poured into an autoclave
in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic anhydride). The autoclave was
backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the mixture of these compounds was
allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours. The resulting reaction product
was saponified with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare
an aqueous solution containing a polymer of 20% by mass as solid content
(Treatment liquid 1).
Synthesis Example 2
A linear alpha-olefin mixture (C16 olefin/Cl7 olefin/C18 olefin =
5/3/2 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride were poured into an autoclave
in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic anhydride). The autoclave was
backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the mixture of these compounds was
allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours. The resulting reaction product
was saponified with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare
an aqueous solution containing a polymer of 20% by mass as solid content
(Treatment Liquid 2).
Synthesis Example 3
A linear alpha-olefin mixture (C14 olefin/Cl5 olefin/C16 olefin =
3/5/2 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride were poured into an autoclave
in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic anhydride). The autoclave was
backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the mixture of these compounds was
allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours. The resulting reaction product
was saponified with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare
an aqueous solution containing a polymer of 20% by mass as solid content

(Treatment Liquid 3).
Synthesis Example 4
An alpha-olefin mixture having branched alkyl chains (C12
olefin/Cl3 olefin/C14 olefin = 2/4/4 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride
were poured into an autoclave in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic
anhydride). The autoclave was backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the
mixture of these compounds was allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours.
The resulting reaction product was saponified with an aqueous
ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare an aqueous solution containing
a polymer of 20% by mass as solid content (Treatment liquid 4).
Synthesis Example 5
An alpha-olefin mixture having branched alkyl chains (C18
olefin/C19 olefin/C20 olefin = 5/3/2 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride
were poured into an autoclave in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic
anhydride). The autoclave was backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the
mixture of these compounds was allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours.
The resulting reaction product was saponified with an aqueous
ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare an aqueous solution containing
a polymer of 20% by mass as solid content (Treatment Liquid 5).
Synthesis Example 6
An acrylic acid, esterified with a linear alkyl chain having a
carbon number of 18 to 20, was polymerized in a nitrogen atmosphere by
a conventional method, then the resulting polymer was dried and
dissolved into an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution to prepare an

aqueous solution containing an acrylic polymer, having a long chain alkyl
group as a side chain, of 20% by mass as solid content (Treatment Liquid
6).
Comparative Synthesis Example 1
An alpha-olefin mixture having branched alkyl chains (C8
olefin/C9 olefin = 6/4 in mole ratio) and maleic anhydride were poured
into an autoclave in a mole ratio of 1/1 (olefin/maleic anhydride). The
autoclave was backfilled with nitrogen gas, and the mixture of these
compounds was allowed to react at 200°C for 5 hours. The resulting
reaction product was saponified with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide
solution to prepare an aqueous solution containing a polymer of 20% by
mass as solid content (Comparative Treatment Liquid 1).
Recording media were produced using Treatment Liquids 1 to 6
and Comparative Treatment Liquid 1.
Example 1
A neutral rosin sizing agent of an internal sizing agent, aluminum
sulfate and clay were added 0.11 part, 0.6 part and 5 parts respectively to
Kraft pulp, which having been refined to 400 ml freeness. The mixture
was stirred and dispersed to prepare a pulp dispersion, from which paper
was made using a fourdrinier, followed by applying and drying the Size
Press-Treatment Liquid 1 shown below on the paper in a total dried
amount of 5.6 g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium
of 72 g/m2. The amounts of ingredients in the Treatment Liquid 1 are
expressed as solid contents.

Size Press-Treatment Liquid 1
Starch oxide 9%
Polyvinyl alcohol (saponified degree: 98%) 1%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 2%
Water balance (88%)
*l) Synthetic Example 2
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 250 seconds at both sides using a calendar. The
resulting rolled recording medium was cut into A4 size, then a notch as
shown in FIG. la was marked to inform to be a reusable recording
medium by use of a guillotine cutter to prepare a reusable recording
medium.
Example 2
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 1, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 2 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 4.5
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 71 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 2
Starch oxide 6%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 5%
Water balance (89%)
*l) Synthetic Example 1
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a

smoothness of about 200 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Example 3
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 1, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 3 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 3.2
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 70 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 3
Starch oxide 6%
Polyvinyl alcohol (saponified degree: 98%) 1%
Carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 2%
Water balance (90.5%)
*l) Synthetic Example 2
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 300 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Example 4
An alkylketene dixner sizing agent of an internal sizing agent and
clay were added 0.2 part and 3 parts respectively to Kraft pulp, which
having been refined to 400 ml freeness. The mixture was stirred and

dispersed to prepare a pulp dispersion, from which paper was made using
a fourdrinier, followed hy applying and drying the Size Press-Treatment
Liquid 4 shown below on the paper in a total dried amount of 3.8 g/m2 at
both, sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 70 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 4
Starch oxide 4%
Styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsion 2%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 4%
Water balance (90%)
*1) Synthetic Example 4
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 600 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Example 5
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 4, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 5 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 6.4
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 73 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 5
Starch oxide 5%
Styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsion 3%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 5%

Water balance (87%)
*1) Synthetic Example 5
The resulting recording medium, was cut into A4 size without the
surface treatment using the calendar (smoothness : about 35 seconds),
then a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to prepare a
reusable recording medium.
Example 6
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 2, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 6 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 6.2
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 73 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 6
Starch oxide 3%
Acrylic polymer of Synthetic Example 6 7%
Water balance (90%)
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 350 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Example 7
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 4, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 7 shown below as solid content was

applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 1.0
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 69 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 7
Starch oxide 2%
Styxene-butadiene copolymer emulsion 1%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 4%
Water balance (93%)
*l) Synthetic Example 2
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 600 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Example 8
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 4, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 8 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 8.0
g/m2 at both sides, thereby to prepare a recording medium of 69 g/m2.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 8
Starch oxide 8%
Styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsion 2%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 3%
Water balance (87%)
*l) Synthetic Example 2

The resulting recording medium was cut into A4 size and a notch
was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to prepare a reusable
recording medium having a smoothness of 42 seconds.
Comparative Example 1
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 2, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 9 shown below as solid content was
applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of 4.5
g/m2 at both sides.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 9
Starch oxide 6%
Saponified product of olefn-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 5%
Water balance (89%)
*l) Comparative Synthetic Example 1
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 200 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Comparative Example 2
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as
Example 1, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 10 shown below as solid content
was applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried, amount of
3.2 g/m2 at both sides.

Size Press-Treatment Liquid 10
Starch oxide 6%
Polyvinyl alcohol (saponified degree: 98%) 1%
Carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%
Saponified product of olefin-maleic anhydride polymer *1) 2%
Water balance (90.5%)
*1) Comparative Synthetic Example 1
The resulting recording medium was surface-treated to a
smoothness of about 300 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
Comparative Example 3
Commercially available PPC paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200,
weight: about 70 g/m2) of A4 size was made a notch in the same manner
as Example 1 to prepare a comparative recording medium.
Comparative Example 4
Commercially available PPC paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200,
weight: about 70 g/m2) of A4 size was surface-treated to a smoothness of
about 800 seconds at both sides using a calendar to prepare a comparative
recording medium.
Comparative Example 5
The Size Press-Treatment Liquid 5, of the same composition with
that of Example 5, was applied and dried onto both sides of commercially
available PPC paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200, weight: about 70 g/m2) by

use of a wire bar in a dried amount of 4.1 g/m2 per one side to prepare a
recording medium. The resulting recording medium was cut into A4 size
and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 5 to prepare a
comparative recording medium 5. That is, the Size Press-Treatment
Liquid 5 was applied at other than size pressing after paper making in
this Comparative Example 5.
Comparative Example 6
Five percent aqueous solution of perfluoroalkyl carboxylate
(monomer surfactant) was filled into a developer-supply device of a diazo
copier, and applied and dried on both sides of commercially available PPC
paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200, weight: about 70 g/m2) in a dry amount of
0.15 g/m2 per one side. Then the resulting paper was cut into A4 size
and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to prepare a
comparative recording medium.
Comparative Example 7
Fifteen percent aqueous solution of dioctyl sulfosuccinate
(monomer surfactant) was filled into a developer-supply device of a diazo
copier, and applied and dried on both sides of commercially available PPC
paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200, weight: about 70 g/m2) in a dry amount of
0.3 g/m2 per one side. Then the resulting paper was cut into A4 size and
a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 1 to prepare a
comparative recording medium.
Comparative Example 8
A recording medium was prepared in the same manner as

Example 2, following the paper making by use of the fourdrinier, except
that the Size Press-Treatment Liquid 11 shown below as solid content
was applied and dried on the resulting paper in a total dried amount of
4.3 g/m2 at both sides.
Size Press-Treatment Liquid 11
Starch oxide 7%
Polyvinyl alcohol (saponified degree: 98%) 3%
Alkylketene dimer (emulsion) 4%
Water balance (86%)
The resulting recording medium was surface treated to a
smoothness of about 350 seconds at both sides using a calendar, then cut
into A4 size and a notch was marked in the same manner as Example 2 to
prepare a reusable recording medium.
[0227]
Comparative Example 9
A non-solvent silicone resin prepolymer was applied onto both
sides of commercially available PPC paper (by Ricoh Co., Type 6200,
weight: about 70 g/m2) by use of a wire bar in an amount of 2.5 g/m2, then
the resin prepolymer was cured by irradiating UV rays, and the resulting
recording medium was cut into A4 size and a notch was marked in the
same manner as Example 1 to prepare a comparative recording medium.
Color image formation and removal of the image forming
materials were repeated using the recording media of Examples 1 to 8
and Comparative Examples 1 to 9, then image properties for clearness,

offset and fixing ability as well as image erasing property were evaluated.
Evaluation Conditions
Image Formation.
Color images were formed using the image forming apparatus, of
the construction being shown in FIG. 2 as described above, equipped with
a unit to detect notches. No silicone oil was applied to the thermal fixing
roller unless described definitely. The recording media, each having a
notch, of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were encased
into the paper feed cassette of the image forming apparatus, a toner
containing a principal component of a polyester and a wax of 1% mass or
more (by Ricoh Co, Imagio Neo C285 colorant) was filled into the
developing unit, and color images were formed under the following
conditions. The results are shown in Table 1. The condition where wax
being contained in the colorant (Imagio Neo C285) is expressed as "wax"
and the condition where no wax being contained in the colorant (Imagio
Neo C385) is expressed as "non-wax". In a condition of "non-wax", the
condition where silicone oil being fed to the fixing roller was also carried
out.
Conditions:
Process linear speed: 130 mm/sec
Fixing roller temperature: 170°C
Fixing roller pressure: 15 N/cm2
The resulting images were evaluated in accordance with the
following methods.

(a) Image clearness (density)
The image density of solid images was measured by a reflective
densitometer (by Gretag MacBeth Co.) and evaluated under the following
criterion.
Criterion of Image Density
A: >1.6
B: 1.0 to 1.6
C: (b) Existence of Offset
Secondary color solid images of red, blue and green and low
density grayscale images were visually observed and image defect was
inspected, then the offset was evaluated in terms of image dropout.
Criterion of Offset
A: no dropout
B: some dropout
C: significant dropout
(c) Image-Fixing Ability I (Smear Process)
A gray-scale image (area rate: 30%) was rubbed 10 times by a
white cloth attached to a clock meter, and the image density of the cloth
was measured by the reflective densitometer (by Gretag MacBeth Co.),
while subtracting the density of the cloth itself.
Criterion of Density
A: B: 0.20 to 0.39

C:  0.40
(d) Image-Fixing Ability II (Drawing Process)
A 300 g load was put on a needle having a ruby tip and moved
circularly on a green solid image, then the existence of image peeling was
visually evaluated.
Criterion of Peeling
A: narrow and slight peeling, or no peeling
B: narrow peeling at about 20% of needle traces
C: peeling at more than 20% of needle traces
Removal of Image Forming Material
The image forming materials formed on recording media were
removed with respect to images formed on the recording media of
Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 by use of the image
erasing apparatus shown in FIG. 4. The removal of the image forming
materials was carried out up to 20 times while forming substantially
same images as described above on the same recording media.
The conditions to remove image forming materials are as follows:
Conditions:
Process linear speed (velocity of peeling member) : 40 mm/sec
Image Removing Portion at Upstream
Peeling member: polyimide film of 100 m thick
Cleaning Blade: four-groove spiral cleaning blade, cutting steel,
diameter 25 mm
Surface of cleaning backup roller: urethane sponge

Rotating direction of blade: reverse to that of peeling member
Heating roller: 135°C
Image Removing Portion at Downstream
Peeling member: polyimide film of 100 m thick on which black
toner (by Ricoh Co, Imagio Neo C385 colorant) being thermally fixed to
25m thick
Pressing roller for image forming materials: central diameter 30 mm,
which being larger by 0.5 mm than edge face
Heating roller: 110°C
The image erasing property was evaluated in a way that solid
images of yellow, magenta, cyan and black were erased, and the
remaining image densities were measured by the reflective densitometer
(by Gretag MacBeth Co.). The evaluation was carried out for the highest
remaining density, while subtracting the density of unused recording
media themselves.
Criterion of Image Erasing Property (Remaining Image Density)
A: ≤0.02
B: 0.03 to 0.09
C: 0.10 to 0.29
D: 0.30



The results shown in Table 1 demonstrate that the inventive
recording media, produced with treatment liquids comprising polymers
having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more, may
represent superior fixing ability as well as excellent image erasing
property, and be reusable under sequential image forming/erasing
processes without impairing their quality. The recording medium of
Comparative Example 5, which being produced with the Treatment
Liquid 5 usable in the present invention, exhibited relatively superior
fixing ability as well as excellent image erasing property in a condition
of image forming materials with no wax as well as the image forming
apparatus which supplying silicone oil to the fixing device; however,
offset occurred even on the virgin recording medium when no silicone
oil being supplied.
Industrial Applicability
The inventive method for reusing a recording medium may
allow repetitive use of recording media in particular paper on which
images are repeatedly formed and erased, therefore, contribute to
saving of energy and resource. The image forming process may be
electrophotographic processes, toner-jet processes and ion-flow
processes provided that the image forming materials comprises a
thermoplastic resin, thus the present invention may be widely utilized
in the art. The inventive reusable recording media, methods for
producing the reusable recording media and image forming

apparatuses may contribute to saving of energy and resource in a
similar manner under different aspects.

CLAIMS
1. A method for reusing a recording medium, comprising:
forming an image on a recording medium by use of an image forming
material, and
removing the image forming material from the recording medium through
thermal transfer by use of a peeling member,
wherein the recording medium is paper that is produced through a step of
applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after paper making and then drying the
treatment liquid,
the treatment liquid comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible
polymer having an alkyl group with 8 or more carbon atoms at its side chain as an
image-repellent substance,
the image forming material comprises a thermoplastic resin, and
the adhesive strength between the peeling member and the image forming
material is higher than the adhesive strength between the recording medium and
the image forming material.
2. The method for reusing a recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the
water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer is produced by saponifying a polymer
formed from an olefin, having a double bond at alpha-site and 10 or more carbon
atoms, and maleic anhydride.

3. The method for reusing a recording medium according to one of claims 1 and 2,
wherein the treatment liquid comprises, in addition to the water-soluble or
water-dispersible polymer, at least a compound selected from the group consisting
of starches, starch derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, styrene-butadiene copolymer
emulsions, vinyl acetate emulsions, and water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic
resins, in an amount that the weight ratio of the polymer to the compound is from
1 : 50 to 1 : 1 as solid content.
4. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 3, wherein the treatment liquid is applied to one side of the paper in an amount of
0.5 to 4 g/m2 as solid content.
5. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 4, wherein an expression is displayed on the recording medium to be reusable
through removing the image forming material.
6. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 5, wherein the image forming material is removed through thermal transfer by
use of the peeling member without applying an image removal-promoting liquid.
7. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 6, wherein the image forming material comprises a wax in an amount of 1 % by
mass or more.

8. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 7, wherein the surface layer of the peeling membercontacted with the recording
medium at the thermal transfer, comprises a thermoplastic resin that exhibits
plasticity at the thermal transfer temperature of the image forming material.
9. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 8, wherein the image forming material is removed through the thermal transfer
at an upstream side and at downstream side by use of two different peeling
members,
the surface layer of the peeling member at the upstream side contacted
with the recording medium at the thermal transfer comprises a thermoplastic resin
that exhibits substantially no plasticity at the thermal transfer temperature of the
image forming material, and
the surface layer of the peeling member at downstream side contacted with
the recording medium at the thermal transfer comprises a thermoplastic resin that
exhibits plasticity at the thermal transfer temperature of the image forming
material.
10. The method for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1
to 9, wherein the image is formed by use of a powdery image-forming material that
contains a thermoplastic resin and a colorant by way of an electrophotographic
process.

11. A reusable recording medium, utilized in the method for reusing a recording
medium according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the recording medium is a
paper produced through a step of applying a treatment liquid at size pressing after
paper making and then drying the treatment liquid, and the treatment liquid
comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl group with
a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent substance.
12. A method for producing a reusable recording medium, utilized in the method
for reusing a recording medium according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the
recording medium is produced through a step of applying a treatment liquid at size
pressing after paper making and then drying the treatment liquid, and the treatment
liquid comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an alkyl
group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an image-repellent
substance.
13. An image forming apparatus, adapted to use the reusable recording medium
according to claim 11, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises a thermally
fixing unit configured to form an image by use of a thermoplastic
powdery-image-forming material and to thermally fix the image on the recording
medium.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the thermally
fixing unit comprises an oilless fixing device with no function to apply a
liquid-release agent onto a surface of a fixing member, and the image forming

material comprises a wax in an amount of 1% by mass or more.
15. An image forming apparatus, adapted to use the reusable recording medium
according to claim 11, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises:
plural paper-feed cassettes for storing recording medium, in which at least
one of the plural paper-feed cassettes stores the reusable recording medium, and
a control unit configured to optionally select the reusable recording
medium to be fed from the paper-feed cassettes.

Provided are a method for reusing recording media in repeated sequential
processes of image forming and erasing, reusable recording media suited to the
method, a method for producing the reusable recording media and an image
forming apparatus with a control unit to feed the recording media. The recording
media are reused in a way that forming an image on a recording medium by use of
an image forming material, and, removing the image forming material from the
recording medium through thermal transfer by use of a peeling member, wherein
the recording medium is a paper produced through a step of applying a treatment
liquid at size pressing after paper making and then drying the treatment liquid, the
treatment liquid comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having an
alkyl group with a carbon number of 8 or more at its side chain as an
image-repellent substance.

Documents:

03026-kolnp-2008-abstract.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-claims.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-correspondence others.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-description complete.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-drawings.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-form 1.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-form 13.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-form 3.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-form 5.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-gpa.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-international publication.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-international search report.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-pct priority document notification.pdf

03026-kolnp-2008-pct request form.pdf

3006-KOLNP-2012-(09-04-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3006-KOLNP-2012-(09-04-2013)-FORM 3.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-ABSTRACT.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-CLAIMS.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-DRAWINGS.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-FORM-1.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-FORM-2.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-FORM-3.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-FORM-5.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-OTHERS.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-PETITION UNDER RULE 137-1.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(04-03-2014)-PETITION UNDER RULE 137.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(09-04-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-(09-04-2013)-FORM 3.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-ASSIGNMENT.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-CORRESPONDENCE-1.1.pdf

3026-kolnp-2008-form 18.pdf

3026-KOLNP-2008-FORM 3-1.1.pdf


Patent Number 264351
Indian Patent Application Number 3026/KOLNP/2008
PG Journal Number 52/2014
Publication Date 26-Dec-2014
Grant Date 23-Dec-2014
Date of Filing 25-Jul-2008
Name of Patentee RICOH COMPANY, LTD.
Applicant Address 3-6, NAKAMAGOME 1-CHOME, OHTA-KU, TOKYO 143-8555
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 MURAKAMI, KAKUJI MILANESE 301, 2-10-24, TSUMADAMINAMI, ATSUGI-SHI, KANAGAWA 243-0814
PCT International Classification Number G03G 7/00,D21H 19/00
PCT International Application Number PCT/JP2007/051857
PCT International Filing date 2007-01-30
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 2006-020656 2006-01-30 Japan