Title of Invention	CLOSED-CELL FOAMED RUBBER SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
Abstract	The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet whose sealability is less likely to decrease even after long-time use and which has excellent water resistance. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention comprises a rubber-based resin, and is provided by the steps of: providing a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. In the case where the foamable resin composition further contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, the rubber-based resin preferably contains a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature.

Title of Invention

CLOSED-CELL FOAMED RUBBER SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet whose sealability is less likely to decrease even after long-time use and which has excellent water resistance. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention comprises a rubber-based resin, and is provided by the steps of: providing a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. In the case where the foamable resin composition further contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, the rubber-based resin preferably contains a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature.

Full Text	DESCRIPTION CLOSED-CELL FOAMED RUBBER SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet, which is suitably used as a seal material having excellent water resistance and closely adhering to a sealed portion for a long time, and a method for producing the same. BACKGROUND ART Foamed materials are currently used as seal materials in various fields such as civil engineering, architecture, electrics, electronics, and vehicles. Examples of the foamed materials used as such seal materials include thermoplastic resin foams comprising resins such as polyethylene-based resins and polypropylene-based resins, and rubber foams comprising rubbers such as synthetic and natural rubbers. Of the seal materials, water-resistant seal materials are used for filling clearances of various structures such as buildings, electric devices, and vehicles to prevent water infiltration into the structures. The water- resistant seal material is placed at a portion to be sealed in its compressed state, and repulsion force generated by shape recovery from its compressed state allows the seal material to closely adhere to the interface of the sealed portion without a clearance. In the case where the water-resistant seal material has low flexibility against compression, the water- resistant seal material generates too high repulsion force, resulting in deformation of the sealed portion. The deformation of the sealed portion causes expansion of the clearance of the structure. This results in decrease in adherence (hereinafter, referred to as sealability) of the water-resistant seal material to the sealed portion, thereby causing insufficient water resistance. Accordingly, open-cell foamed materials are used as the water-resistant seal materials as the open-cell foamed materials have excellent flexibility against compression. On the other hand, the open-cell foamed material contains cells communicating with one another. This causes easy infiltration of water into the foamed material, resulting in poor water resistance. In the case where the open-cell foamed material absorbs water to swell and thereby achieves higher sealability, the open-cell foamed material has poor sealability until it sufficiently absorbs water, and thus, the open-cell foamed material allows water to infiltrate therein before achieving sufficient sealability. Foamed materials having both closed cells and open cells are also used as the water-resistant seal materials. In such foamed materials, the closed cells contribute to good water resistance, and the open cells contribute to good flexibility against compression. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a shaped seal material which comprises a foamed structure. The foamed structure contains both closed cells and open cells, and cell membranes absorb water to swell. The shaped seal material contains eight or more cells per 1 cm in length. Disadvantageously, the repulsion force of the shaped seal material deteriorates when the shaped seal material is used for a long time. This causes reduction in sealability and results in insufficient water resistance. Foamed materials used as water-resistant seal materials generally contain additives such as flame retardants, antioxidants, and pigments for improving their properties such as flame-retardant properties and weather resistance, for preventing oxidation and thermal degradation, and for coloring. Almost all of these additives are in a powder state, and the foamed material containing powdery additives generates heavy load upon kneading in the production. This causes poor productivity. In the case where the foamed material contains the powdery additives, the powdery additives emerge on the surface of the material. This causes reduction in sealability and results in insufficient water resistance. Patent Document 1: Japanese Kokai Publication H09- 111899 (JP-A H09-111899) DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet used as a seal material whose sealability is less likely to decrease even after long-time use and which closely adheres to a sealed portion for a long time. The present invention also provides a method for producing the same. MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention contains a rubber-based resin. This closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is obtained by the steps of: providing a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. The rubber-based resin contained in the foamable resin composition is one having rubber elasticity at room temperature, and any rubber-based resin having rubber elasticity at room temperature may be used. Examples thereof include acrylonitrile-based rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR), carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR), acrylonitrile- butadiene-isoprene rubber (NBIR), acrylonitrile-isoprene rubber (NIR), and a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and a functional monomer having effects such as an antiaging effect; chloroprene rubber (CR); isoprene rubber (IR); butyl rubber (IIR); natural rubber; styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); butadiene rubber (BR); urethane rubber,- fluorine rubber; acryl rubber; and silicone rubber. In particular, acrylonitrile-based rubbers are preferable as they can provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having excellent sealability, flexibility against compression, durability, and oil resistance. More preferably used is acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The rubber-based resins having rubber elasticity at room temperature may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. In the case where the foamable resin composition contains 0.5 parts by weight or more, preferably 1 part by weight or more, of the below-mentioned powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, the rubber-based resin preferably contains a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature (hereinafter, referred to as a liquid rubber-based resin ingredient). The foamable resin composition containing the liquid rubber- based resin ingredient can reduce kneading load of the foamable resin composition, and it can also be likely to prevent the powdery additive from emerging on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided. Particularly in the case where the rubber-based resin is an acrylonitrile-based rubber and the liquid rubber- based resin ingredient is a liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber, they are excellently compatible with each other. Thus, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber is uniformly dispersed in the acrylonitrile-based rubber without phase separation. Here, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber serves as a dispersant; that is to say, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber covers the particles of the powdery additive and uniformly disperses the covered particles of the powdery additive in the acrylonitrile- based rubber. Thus, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber prevents the powdery additive from emerging on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. In other words, the particles of the powdery additive are covered with the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber, and thereby the powdery additive is surely prevented from emerging on the closed- cell foamed rubber sheet. Accordingly, in the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet containing the acrylonitrile-based rubber further contains the powdery additive and the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber contributes to excellent surface smoothness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Such a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has excellent water resistance. The liquid rubber-based resin ingredient is a rubber- based resin having liquidity at 23°C and l.OlxlO5 Pa (1 atm). Examples thereof include: liquid acrylonitrile-based rubbers such as liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR), hydrogenated liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid HNBR), carboxylated liquid acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber (liquid XNBR), liquid acrylonitrile- butadiene-isoprene rubber (liquid NBIR), liquid acrylonitrile-isoprene rubber (liquid NIR), and a liquid terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and a functional monomer having effects such as an antiaging effect; and liquid isoprene rubber (liquid IR). In particular, liquid acrylonitrile-based rubbers are preferable as they can provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having excellent sealability, flexibility against compression, durability, and oil resistance. More preferably used is liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR). The liquid rubber-based resin ingredients may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. Liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR) is commercially available from, for example, ZEON Corporation under the trade name of NiPol 1312. The amount of the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient in the rubber-based resin is preferably 0.5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 1 to 3 0% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight, and most preferably 8 to 30% by weight. If the rubber-based resin contains a smaller amount of the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, the particles of the powdery additive may be insufficiently covered with the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, or the particles of the powdery additive may be insufficiently dispersed in the rubber-based resin by the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient. Thus, the powdery additive may be likely to emerge on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided, and the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided may have poor water resistance. If the rubber-based resin contains a larger amount of the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, the foamable resin composition may have a low average molecular weight, and thus, the foamable resin composition may insufficiently cross-links or foams, or the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided may have poor mechanical strength. The foaming agent contained in the foamable resin composition may be any powder as long as it is decomposed by heat to generate foaming gas. Examples thereof include azodicarbonamide, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, and 4,4-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide). In particular, azodicarbonamide is preferably used. These foaming agents may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. If the foamable resin composition contains a smaller amount of the foaming agent, the foamable resin composition may insufficiently foam and a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may not be produced in a predetermined shape. If the foamable resin composition contains a larger amount of the foaming agent, abnormal foaming or foam breaking may occur and a predetermined closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may not be provided. Thus, the amount of the foaming agent in the foamable resin composition is preferably 1 to 3 0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. The foamable resin composition may further contain the powdery additive other than the foaming agent for enhancing functions of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided. Any powdery additive may be used as long as it is in a powder state at 23°C and l.OlxlO5 Pa (1 atm) . Examples thereof include a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a filler, a pigment, a coloring agent, an antifungal agent, a foaming assistant, and a flame retardant assistant. Any powdery flame retardant may be used. Examples thereof include metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, bromine-based flame retardants such as decabromodiphenyl ether, and phosphorous-based flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate. These flame retardants may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. The powdery flame retardant is commercially available from Albemarle Corporation under the trade name of SAYTEX 8 010. Any powdery antioxidant may be used. Examples thereof include phenol-based antioxidants and sulfur-based antioxidants. Concretely, the phenol-based antioxidant is commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemical Corporation under the trade name of IRGANOX 1010. These powdery antioxidants may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. Any powdery filler may be used as long as it can be dispersed in the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Examples thereof include talc, calcium carbonate, bentonite, carbon black, fumed silica, aluminum silicate, acetylene black, and aluminum powder. These fillers may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. The filler may be in various sizes depending on its use. A powdery filler used in a seal material may generally have a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100 µm. The volume average particle size may be measured by the method in accordance with JIS Z 8901. If the foamable resin composition contains a larger total amount of the powdery additives other than the foaming agent, the foamable resin composition may generate heavy kneading load, and thereby the productivity of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may be low. In other cases, the particles of the powdery additives may be insufficiently covered with the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, and thereby the powdery additives may be likely to emerge on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided and the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may have poor water resistance. If the foamable resin composition contains a smaller total amount of the powdery additives other than the foaming agent, performance of the foamable resin composition may not be improved. Thus, the total amount of the powdery additives other than the foaming agent in the foamable resin composition is preferably 150 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. It is preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, further preferably 1 to 2 0 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, and most preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight per 10 0 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. In the case where the foamable resin composition contains no flame retardant, the total amount of the powdery additives other than the foaming agent in the foamable resin composition is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. The foamable resin composition may further contain a liquid additive. In the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention contains an acrylonitrile-based rubber as the rubber-based resin, a liquid acrylonitrile- based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, and the powdery additive, it has excellent flexibility against compression and excellent resistance against shear stress applied in the surface direction of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet surely fills a clearance of a structure without deformation at a sealed portion in the thickness direction of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is hardly deformed even in the case of application of shear stress in the surface direction during the use thereof, and it also surely fills the clearance of the structure in the surface direction (direction perpendicular to the thickness direction) of the closed- cell foamed rubber sheet. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet surely fills the clearance of the structure in all of the directions and exerts excellent water resistance for a long time. In the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention contains an acrylonitrile-based rubber as the rubber-based resin and a liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is likely to follow irregularities on the sealed portion. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet firmly adheres to the surface with irregularities on the sealed portion without a clearance. Even when stress is applied to the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet such that the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is misaligned relative to the position of the sealed portion, adherence of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet can minimize a degree of misalignment of the relative position between the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet and the sealed portion. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet can exert excellent water resistance for a long time. In the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention, not all of the foams must be closed cells, but part of the cells may be open cells. If the closed cell ratio is lower, cells in the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may communicate with one another and water may be likely to pass therethrough, resulting in poor water resistance of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Thus, in the concrete, the closed cell ratio in the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is preferably 80 to 100%, and more preferably 85 to 100%. The closed cell ratio in the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is determined as follows. First, a 5-cm flat square-shaped test piece having a constant thickness is cut out from the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Then, the weight W1 and the thickness of the test piece are measured to determine the apparent volume V1 of the test piece. Next, the value obtained above is substituted in the following formula (1) to determine the apparent volume V2 of the cells. Here, the density of the resin forming the test piece is represented as ? g/cm3. Apparent volume V2 of the cells = V1 - W1/? Formula (1) The test piece is immersed in distilled water such that the distance between the upper surface of the test piece and the surface of the water is to be 100 mm. Then, the test piece is pressurized at 15 kPa for 3 minutes. The test piece is taken out from the distilled water, and water on the surface of the test piece is removed. The weight W2 of the test piece was measured, and the open cell ratio F1 is determined according to the following formula (2). Then, the closed cell ratio F2 is determined from the open cell ratio F1. Open cell ratio F1 (%) = 100 x (W2-W1)/V2 ... Formula (2) Closed cell ratio F2 (%) = 100-F1 ... Formula (3) If peel strength immediately after the production (hereinafter, referred to as initial peel strength) of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is lower, sealability of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may be poor. Thus, the initial peel strength is preferably 20 kPa or higher. On the other hand, higher initial peel strength may cause difficulty in peeling of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet in the case of re-sticking due to, for example, a failure in sticking. Thus, the initial peel strength is more preferably 20 to 100 kPa. The initial peel strength of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is determined as follows. First, a just- produced closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having a size of 25 mm in width x 12.5 mm in length x 3.0 mm in thickness is prepared. Next, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is sandwiched between two acryl resin plates (25 mm in width x 10 0 mm in length) to provide a laminated body. Then, the laminated body is placed on a horizontal plane and is pressurized in the thickness direction for 15 minutes by a 500-g weight placed on the center portion of the upper surface of the laminated body to provide a sample. Here, the sample comprises the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet and the acryl resin plates integrally laminated on both of the surfaces of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Finally, peel strength of the just-produced sample is measured at a pulling speed of 50 mm/m in accordance with JIS K6850. The thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is preferably 0.2 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 8 mm, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 mm. If the thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is thinner than 0.2 mm, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may exert poor flexibility against compression. The upper limit of the thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is not particularly restricted. It is preferably 10 mm or thinner for easy handleability of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. The following will describe the method for producing the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention may be produced by any method as long as the method comprises the steps of: providing the foamable resin composition; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. For example, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may be produced by: kneading the foamable resin composition with a kneader such as a Banbury mixer or a pressure kneader; continuously kneading the foamable resin composition with an apparatus such as an extruder, a calender apparatus, or a conveyer belt casting apparatus to provide a foamable sheet; irradiating the foamable sheet with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable sheet; and heating the cross-linked foamable sheet to foam the foamable sheet. The foamable sheet is required to be cross-linked by irradiation of ionizing radiation. The cross-linking by ionizing radiation makes it possible to uniformly irradiate the foamable sheet with ionizing radiation in the thickness direction, thereby uniformly cross-linking the foamable sheet on the whole. The thickness of the foamable sheet is required to be 0.1 to 3 mm in order to provide the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet with a thickness of 0.2 to 10 mm. For providing the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet with an accurately-controlled thickness by foaming such a thin foamable sheet, the foamable sheet is required to be uniformly cross-linked on the whole at very high accuracy and then to be foamed. Thus, the foamable sheet is cross- linked by irradiation of ionizing radiation in the present invention. In the conventional vulcanization with disulfide, it is difficult to control cross-linking reaction of the foamable sheet and the foamable sheet is not always cross- linked uniformly on the whole. Thus, the foamable sheet is not uniformly foamed and a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has a poorly-controlled thickness and has poor water resistance. The surface of the foamable sheet is directly irradiated with ionizing radiation, and thus, the degree of cross-linking of the rubber-based resin at the surface of the foamable sheet is higher than that at the inside of the foamable sheet. Control of the dose of ionizing radiation makes it possible to control the degree of cross-linking of the rubber-based resin at the surface of the foamable sheet. Control of the dose of ionizing radiation can optimize the degree of cross-linking at the surface of the foamable sheet and makes the surface of the foamable sheet smooth. This allows the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to have a smooth surface, and thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is likely to adhere to a sealed portion without a clearance. When the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet adheres to the sealed portion without a clearance, a sheet-shaped seal material (the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet) closely adheres to the sealed portion owing to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the seal material (the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet) can favorably adhere to the sealed portion for a long time without adhesive. Then, the uniformly cross-linked foamable sheet is foamed to provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet which contains uniform, small-sized foams. Such a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet containing uniform and small-sized foams has a smooth surface and has enhanced adhesiveness owing to a larger contact area with the sealed portion. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has high sealability and excellent water resistance. The uniformly cross-linked foamable sheet is uniformly foamed on the whole. As a result, the closed- cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided has an accurately- controlled thickness. The dose of ionizing radiation upon the cross-linking may be adjusted depending on characteristics of the rubber- based resin and use of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. The dose is preferably 0.5 to 10 Mrad, and more preferably 0.7 to 5.0 Mrad. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention is produced by cross-linking the foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. When used as a water-resistant seal material, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet with a smooth surface adheres along the surface of the sealed portion without a clearance in either case where the sealed portion has a smooth surface or a rough surface. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has high sealability and excellent water resistance, and is suitably used as a water-resistant seal material which closely adheres to a sealed portion for a long time. As the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention has the aforementioned features, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has excellent flexibility against compression. When used as a water-resistant seal material, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet does not cause deformation of the sealed portion due to repulsion force. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has excellent water resistance. In the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention, the foamable resin composition is irradiated with ionizing radiation, and thereby is cross-linked. Thus, the foamable resin composition is uniformly cross-linked on the whole. In addition, the degree of cross-linking of the foamable resin composition is controlled by fine adjustment of the dose of ionizing radiation applied to the foamable resin composition, while maintaining the surface smoothness of the foamable resin composition. Thus, the surface of the cross-linked foamable resin composition is made smooth. The uniformly cross-linked foamable resin composition is uniformly foamed on the whole. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention has an accurately-controlled thickness. That is to say, the thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is almost constant, and has excellent water resistance. In the case where the foamable resin composition of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient contributes to reduction in load upon kneading the foamable resin composition. Thus, even in the case where the foamable resin composition contains the powdery additive, load upon kneading the foamable resin composition does not rise and the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is produced with high productivity. In the case where the foamable resin composition of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient and a predetermined amount of the powdery additive, the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient serves as a dispersant to uniformly disperse the particles of the powdery additive in the rubber-based resin and to cover particles of the powdery additive. The powdery additive does not emerge on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet in such a case. Thus, in contrast to the conventional conditions, it is possible to prevent deterioration of sealability and water resistance due to the emergence of the powdery additive on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided. In the case where the foamable resin composition of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains a liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided has more excellent sealability, flexibility against compression, durability, and oil resistance. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has more excellent sealability owing to its excellent adhesiveness and flexibility against compression. In addition, even in the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is used for a long time, repulsion force is less likely to reduce and thereby sealability is less likely to reduce owing to its durability. Furthermore, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is not likely to deteriorate owing to its excellent oil resistance, so that the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet exerts excellent water resistance for a long time. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The following will more concretely describe the embodiments of the present invention referring to examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples. (Examples 1 to 13, Comparative Example 2) A foamable resin composition containing: acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR, produced by ZEON Corp., trade name: Nipol DN401, density: 0.94 g/cm3) ; liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR, produced by ZEON Corp., trade name: Nipol DN601, density: 0.98 g/cm3); azodicarbonamide (produced by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: SO-L, decomposition temperature: 197°C) ; powdery phenol-based antioxidant (produced by Ciba Specialty Chemical Corp., trade name: IRGANOX 1010); powdery flame retardant (produced by Albemarle Corp., trade name: SAYTEX 8010); and powdery carbon black (produced by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., trade name: ASAHI #70), each in a predetermined amount shown in Tables 1 to 4, was kneaded with a pressure kneader. In the case where the foamable resin composition did not contain one or more of the ingredients, this case is indicated with the symbol "-" in the tables. The liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber is in a liquid state at 23°C and 1.01 x 105 Pa. The powdery phenol- based antioxidant, the powdery flame retardant, and the powdery carbon black are in a powder state at 23°C and 1.01 x 105 Pa. The kneaded foamable resin composition was melted and kneaded in an extruder. The melted foamable resin composition was extruded from the extruder at an extrusion speed of 50 kg/h to provide a foamable sheet with a thickness of 1 mm. The foamable sheet was irradiated with ionizing radiation on both of its surfaces at an acceleration voltage of 50 0 keV with the dose of 1.5 Mrad, and thus, the foamable sheet was cross-linked. The cross-linked foamable sheet was foamed by heat at 240°C in a foaming oven to provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having an apparent density, a closed cell ratio, and a thickness shown in Table 1. The aforementioned ingredients are referred to as follows in Tables 1 to 4. The acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber is referred to as "NBR". The liquid acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber is referred to as "liquid NBR". The powdery phenol-based antioxidant is referred to simply as "antioxidant". The powdery flame retardant is referred to simply as "flame retardant". The powdery carbon black is referred to simply as "carbon black". (Comparative Example 1) To the foamable resin composition of Example 3 was blended 1.0 part by weight of dicumyl peroxide (produced by NOF Corp., trade name: PERCUMYL D40, 1-minute half-life temperature: 175.2°C) as a cross-linking agent to prepare a foamable resin composition. The thus-prepared foamable resin composition was kneaded with a pressure kneader. The kneaded foamable resin composition was melted and kneaded in an extruder. The melted foamable resin composition was extruded from the extruder at an extrusion speed of 50 kg/h to provide a foamable sheet. The obtained foamable sheet was cross-linked by heat for 5 minutes in a 13 0°C heating oven. The cross-linked foamable sheet was foamed by heat at 240°C in a foaming oven. Thus, a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having an apparent density of 39 kg/m3, a closed cell ratio of 88%, and a thickness of 3.0 mm was provided. The foamable resin composition was evaluated for a kneading load, and the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was evaluated for an initial peel strength and water resistance in accordance with the following ways. Tables 1 to 4 show the results. (Kneading load) During the production of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet, the maximum amperage (A) of the main motor of the extruder upon melting and kneading the foamable resin composition was measured. (Initial peel strength) The just-produced closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was cut in a size of 25 mm in width x 12.5 mm in length. The cut closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was sandwiched by two acryl resin plates each in a size of 25 mm in width x 100 mm in length to provide a laminated body, and the laminated body was placed on a horizontal plane. The laminated body was pressurized in the thickness direction for 15 minutes by a 500-g weight placed on the center portion of the upper surface of the laminated body to provide a sample. The sample comprised the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet and the acryl resin plates integrally laminated on both of the surfaces of the rubber sheet. A peel strength (kPa) of the just-produced sample was measured at a pulling speed of 50 mm/m in accordance with JIS K6850. In every case, interfacial peeling occurred upon peeling off the sample. (Water resistance of seal material adhering to sealed portion against distilled water) The obtained closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was cut in an annular shape (outer diameter: 10 0 mm, inner diameter: 80 mm, thickness: 3.0 mm) to prepare a test piece. The test piece was placed at the center of a flat acryl resin plate. Then, another flat acryl resin plate with a through hole at the center portion was placed on the test piece such that the through hole was located on the center of the circle of the test piece to prepare a laminated body. The laminated body was compressed in the thickness direction of the test piece, thereby providing a sample in which the distance between the surfaces facing to each other of the acryl plates was 2.55 mm (compression rate of test piece: 15%). Distilled water was poured via the through hole of the sample into the space defined by the sample piece and the surfaces facing to each other of the two acryl resin plates, and the space was filled with distilled water. The sample was then pressurized at 15 kPa from the through hole. A time period from the start of the pressurization to the leakage of distilled water (water-resistant time (minutes)) was measured. In the case where the water-resistant time was longer than 120 minutes, this case is indicated with the phrase "no leakage" in Table 1. (Water resistance of seal material adhering to sealed portion against aqueous solution of surfactant) A sample having the same shape as that of the sample for the evaluation for water resistance against distilled water was prepared. An aqueous solution of a surfactant (produced by Prostaff, car shampoo S-01) was poured via the through hole of the sample into the space defined by the sample piece and the surfaces facing to each other of the two acryl resin plates, and the space was filled with the aqueous solution of the surfactant. A time period from the start of the pressurization to the leakage of the aqueous solution of the surfactant (water-resistant time (minutes)) was measured. In the case where the aqueous solution of the surfactant leaked within an hour, water resistance was evaluated as "bad"; in the case where the aqueous solution of the surfactant did not leak over an hour and leaked within 6 hours, water resistance was evaluated as "good"; and in the case where the aqueous solution of the surfactant did not leak over 6 hours, water resistance was evaluated as "very good". INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention has sealability which is less likely to decrease even after long-time use, and is suitably used as a water- resistant seal material. We claim: 1. A closed-cell foamed rubber sheet comprising a rubber-based resin, which is obtained by the steps of: providing a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. 2. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to claim 1, wherein the rubber-based resin contains a rubber- based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature, and wherein the foamable resin composition further contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. 3. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to claim 1, wherein the rubber-based resin contains a rubber- based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature, and wherein the foamable resin composition further contains 1 part by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin. 4. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to claim 2, wherein the rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature is a liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber. 5. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to claim 4, wherein the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber is a liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. 6. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a closed cell ratio in the rubber sheet is 80 to 100%. 7. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an initial peel strength of the rubber sheet is 20 kPa or higher. 8. A method for producing a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet, comprising the steps of: providing a foamable sheet of a foamable resin composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a rubber-based resin containing a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature; a foaming agent; and 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent; irradiating the foamable sheet with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable sheet; and foaming the cross-linked foamable sheet. The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet whose sealability is less likely to decrease even after long-time use and which has excellent water resistance. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present invention comprises a rubber-based resin, and is provided by the steps of: providing a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition. In the case where the foamable resin composition further contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, the rubber-based resin preferably contains a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal temperature.

Full Text

DESCRIPTION
CLOSED-CELL FOAMED RUBBER SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION
THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet, which is suitably used as a seal material
having excellent water resistance and closely adhering to a
sealed portion for a long time, and a method for producing
the same.
BACKGROUND ART
Foamed materials are currently used as seal materials
in various fields such as civil engineering, architecture,
electrics, electronics, and vehicles. Examples of the
foamed materials used as such seal materials include
thermoplastic resin foams comprising resins such as
polyethylene-based resins and polypropylene-based resins,
and rubber foams comprising rubbers such as synthetic and
natural rubbers.
Of the seal materials, water-resistant seal materials
are used for filling clearances of various structures such
as buildings, electric devices, and vehicles to prevent
water infiltration into the structures. The water-
resistant seal material is placed at a portion to be sealed
in its compressed state, and repulsion force generated by
shape recovery from its compressed state allows the seal
material to closely adhere to the interface of the sealed
portion without a clearance.
In the case where the water-resistant seal material
has low flexibility against compression, the water-
resistant seal material generates too high repulsion force,
resulting in deformation of the sealed portion. The
deformation of the sealed portion causes expansion of the
clearance of the structure. This results in decrease in
adherence (hereinafter, referred to as sealability) of the
water-resistant seal material to the sealed portion,
thereby causing insufficient water resistance.
Accordingly, open-cell foamed materials are used as
the water-resistant seal materials as the open-cell foamed
materials have excellent flexibility against compression.
On the other hand, the open-cell foamed material contains
cells communicating with one another. This causes easy
infiltration of water into the foamed material, resulting
in poor water resistance. In the case where the open-cell
foamed material absorbs water to swell and thereby achieves
higher sealability, the open-cell foamed material has poor
sealability until it sufficiently absorbs water, and thus,
the open-cell foamed material allows water to infiltrate
therein before achieving sufficient sealability.
Foamed materials having both closed cells and open
cells are also used as the water-resistant seal materials.
In such foamed materials, the closed cells contribute to
good water resistance, and the open cells contribute to
good flexibility against compression. For example, Patent
Document 1 discloses a shaped seal material which comprises
a foamed structure. The foamed structure contains both
closed cells and open cells, and cell membranes absorb
water to swell. The shaped seal material contains eight or
more cells per 1 cm in length.
Disadvantageously, the repulsion force of the shaped
seal material deteriorates when the shaped seal material is
used for a long time. This causes reduction in sealability
and results in insufficient water resistance.
Foamed materials used as water-resistant seal
materials generally contain additives such as flame
retardants, antioxidants, and pigments for improving their
properties such as flame-retardant properties and weather
resistance, for preventing oxidation and thermal
degradation, and for coloring. Almost all of these
additives are in a powder state, and the foamed material
containing powdery additives generates heavy load upon
kneading in the production. This causes poor productivity.
In the case where the foamed material contains the
powdery additives, the powdery additives emerge on the
surface of the material. This causes reduction in
sealability and results in insufficient water resistance.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Kokai Publication H09-
111899 (JP-A H09-111899)
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet used as a seal material whose sealability is
less likely to decrease even after long-time use and which
closely adheres to a sealed portion for a long time. The
present invention also provides a method for producing the
same.
MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention contains a rubber-based resin. This closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet is obtained by the steps of: providing
a foamable resin composition containing the rubber-based
resin and a foaming agent; irradiating the foamable resin
composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the
foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked
foamable resin composition.
The rubber-based resin contained in the foamable
resin composition is one having rubber elasticity at room
temperature, and any rubber-based resin having rubber
elasticity at room temperature may be used. Examples
thereof include acrylonitrile-based rubbers such as
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR), carboxylated
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR), acrylonitrile-
butadiene-isoprene rubber (NBIR), acrylonitrile-isoprene
rubber (NIR), and a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene,
and a functional monomer having effects such as an
antiaging effect; chloroprene rubber (CR); isoprene rubber
(IR); butyl rubber (IIR); natural rubber; styrene-butadiene
rubber (SBR); butadiene rubber (BR); urethane rubber,-
fluorine rubber; acryl rubber; and silicone rubber. In
particular, acrylonitrile-based rubbers are preferable as
they can provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having
excellent sealability, flexibility against compression,
durability, and oil resistance. More preferably used is
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The rubber-based
resins having rubber elasticity at room temperature may be
used alone, or two or more of these may be used in
combination.
In the case where the foamable resin composition
contains 0.5 parts by weight or more, preferably 1 part by
weight or more, of the below-mentioned powdery additive
other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the
rubber-based resin, the rubber-based resin preferably
contains a rubber-based resin ingredient which is in a
liquid state at normal temperature (hereinafter, referred
to as a liquid rubber-based resin ingredient). The
foamable resin composition containing the liquid rubber-
based resin ingredient can reduce kneading load of the
foamable resin composition, and it can also be likely to
prevent the powdery additive from emerging on the surface
of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided.
Particularly in the case where the rubber-based resin
is an acrylonitrile-based rubber and the liquid rubber-
based resin ingredient is a liquid acrylonitrile-based
rubber, they are excellently compatible with each other.
Thus, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber is uniformly
dispersed in the acrylonitrile-based rubber without phase
separation. Here, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber
serves as a dispersant; that is to say, the liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubber covers the particles of the
powdery additive and uniformly disperses the covered
particles of the powdery additive in the acrylonitrile-
based rubber. Thus, the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber
prevents the powdery additive from emerging on the surface
of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. In other words,
the particles of the powdery additive are covered with the
liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber, and thereby the powdery
additive is surely prevented from emerging on the closed-
cell foamed rubber sheet.
Accordingly, in the case where the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet containing the acrylonitrile-based rubber
further contains the powdery additive and the liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubber, the liquid acrylonitrile-based
rubber contributes to excellent surface smoothness of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Such a closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet has excellent water resistance.
The liquid rubber-based resin ingredient is a rubber-
based resin having liquidity at 23°C and l.OlxlO5 Pa (1
atm). Examples thereof include: liquid acrylonitrile-based
rubbers such as liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
(liquid NBR), hydrogenated liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene
rubber (liquid HNBR), carboxylated liquid acrylonitrile-
butadiene rubber (liquid XNBR), liquid acrylonitrile-
butadiene-isoprene rubber (liquid NBIR), liquid
acrylonitrile-isoprene rubber (liquid NIR), and a liquid
terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and a functional
monomer having effects such as an antiaging effect; and
liquid isoprene rubber (liquid IR). In particular, liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubbers are preferable as they can
provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having excellent
sealability, flexibility against compression, durability,
and oil resistance. More preferably used is liquid
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR). The liquid
rubber-based resin ingredients may be used alone, or two or
more of these may be used in combination.
Liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR) is
commercially available from, for example, ZEON Corporation
under the trade name of NiPol 1312.
The amount of the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient in the rubber-based resin is preferably 0.5 to
50% by weight, more preferably 1 to 3 0% by weight,
particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight, and most
preferably 8 to 30% by weight. If the rubber-based resin
contains a smaller amount of the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient, the particles of the powdery additive may be
insufficiently covered with the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient, or the particles of the powdery additive may be
insufficiently dispersed in the rubber-based resin by the
liquid rubber-based resin ingredient. Thus, the powdery
additive may be likely to emerge on the surface of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided, and the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided may have
poor water resistance. If the rubber-based resin contains
a larger amount of the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient,
the foamable resin composition may have a low average
molecular weight, and thus, the foamable resin composition
may insufficiently cross-links or foams, or the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet to be provided may have poor mechanical
strength.
The foaming agent contained in the foamable resin
composition may be any powder as long as it is decomposed
by heat to generate foaming gas. Examples thereof include
azodicarbonamide, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide,
dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, toluenesulfonyl hydrazide,
and 4,4-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide). In particular,
azodicarbonamide is preferably used. These foaming agents
may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in
combination.
If the foamable resin composition contains a smaller
amount of the foaming agent, the foamable resin composition
may insufficiently foam and a closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet may not be produced in a predetermined shape. If the
foamable resin composition contains a larger amount of the
foaming agent, abnormal foaming or foam breaking may occur
and a predetermined closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may not
be provided. Thus, the amount of the foaming agent in the
foamable resin composition is preferably 1 to 3 0 parts by
weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin.
The foamable resin composition may further contain
the powdery additive other than the foaming agent for
enhancing functions of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
to be provided. Any powdery additive may be used as long
as it is in a powder state at 23°C and l.OlxlO5 Pa (1 atm) .
Examples thereof include a flame retardant, an antioxidant,
a filler, a pigment, a coloring agent, an antifungal agent,
a foaming assistant, and a flame retardant assistant.
Any powdery flame retardant may be used. Examples
thereof include metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide
and magnesium hydroxide, bromine-based flame retardants
such as decabromodiphenyl ether, and phosphorous-based
flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate. These
flame retardants may be used alone, or two or more of these
may be used in combination. The powdery flame retardant is
commercially available from Albemarle Corporation under the
trade name of SAYTEX 8 010.
Any powdery antioxidant may be used. Examples
thereof include phenol-based antioxidants and sulfur-based
antioxidants. Concretely, the phenol-based antioxidant is
commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemical
Corporation under the trade name of IRGANOX 1010. These
powdery antioxidants may be used alone, or two or more of
these may be used in combination.
Any powdery filler may be used as long as it can be
dispersed in the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Examples
thereof include talc, calcium carbonate, bentonite, carbon
black, fumed silica, aluminum silicate, acetylene black,
and aluminum powder. These fillers may be used alone, or
two or more of these may be used in combination.
The filler may be in various sizes depending on its
use. A powdery filler used in a seal material may
generally have a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100
µm. The volume average particle size may be measured by
the method in accordance with JIS Z 8901.
If the foamable resin composition contains a larger
total amount of the powdery additives other than the
foaming agent, the foamable resin composition may generate
heavy kneading load, and thereby the productivity of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may be low. In other cases,
the particles of the powdery additives may be
insufficiently covered with the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient, and thereby the powdery additives may be likely
to emerge on the surface of the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet to be provided and the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet may have poor water resistance. If the foamable
resin composition contains a smaller total amount of the
powdery additives other than the foaming agent, performance
of the foamable resin composition may not be improved.
Thus, the total amount of the powdery additives other than
the foaming agent in the foamable resin composition is
preferably 150 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by
weight of the rubber-based resin. It is preferably 1 to
100 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by
weight, further preferably 1 to 2 0 parts by weight,
particularly preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, and most
preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight per 10 0 parts by weight
of the rubber-based resin. In the case where the foamable
resin composition contains no flame retardant, the total
amount of the powdery additives other than the foaming
agent in the foamable resin composition is preferably 0.5
to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts
by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin.
The foamable resin composition may further contain a
liquid additive.
In the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
of the present invention contains an acrylonitrile-based
rubber as the rubber-based resin, a liquid acrylonitrile-
based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin ingredient,
and the powdery additive, it has excellent flexibility
against compression and excellent resistance against shear
stress applied in the surface direction of the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
surely fills a clearance of a structure without deformation
at a sealed portion in the thickness direction of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. The closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet is hardly deformed even in the case of
application of shear stress in the surface direction during
the use thereof, and it also surely fills the clearance of
the structure in the surface direction (direction
perpendicular to the thickness direction) of the closed-
cell foamed rubber sheet. Thus, the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet surely fills the clearance of the structure in
all of the directions and exerts excellent water resistance
for a long time.
In the case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
of the present invention contains an acrylonitrile-based
rubber as the rubber-based resin and a liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is likely
to follow irregularities on the sealed portion. Thus, the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet firmly adheres to the
surface with irregularities on the sealed portion without a
clearance. Even when stress is applied to the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet such that the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet is misaligned relative to the position of the sealed
portion, adherence of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
can minimize a degree of misalignment of the relative
position between the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet and
the sealed portion. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet can exert excellent water resistance for a long time.
In the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention, not all of the foams must be closed cells, but
part of the cells may be open cells. If the closed cell
ratio is lower, cells in the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet may communicate with one another and water may be
likely to pass therethrough, resulting in poor water
resistance of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Thus,
in the concrete, the closed cell ratio in the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet is preferably 80 to 100%, and more
preferably 85 to 100%.
The closed cell ratio in the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet is determined as follows. First, a 5-cm flat
square-shaped test piece having a constant thickness is cut
out from the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet. Then, the
weight W1 and the thickness of the test piece are measured
to determine the apparent volume V1 of the test piece.
Next, the value obtained above is substituted in the
following formula (1) to determine the apparent volume V2
of the cells. Here, the density of the resin forming the
test piece is represented as ? g/cm3.
Apparent volume V2 of the cells = V1 - W1/?
Formula (1)
The test piece is immersed in distilled water such
that the distance between the upper surface of the test
piece and the surface of the water is to be 100 mm. Then,
the test piece is pressurized at 15 kPa for 3 minutes. The
test piece is taken out from the distilled water, and water
on the surface of the test piece is removed. The weight W2
of the test piece was measured, and the open cell ratio F1
is determined according to the following formula (2). Then,
the closed cell ratio F2 is determined from the open cell
ratio F1.
Open cell ratio F1 (%) = 100 x (W2-W1)/V2 ... Formula
(2)
Closed cell ratio F2 (%) = 100-F1 ... Formula (3)
If peel strength immediately after the production
(hereinafter, referred to as initial peel strength) of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is lower, sealability of
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may be poor. Thus, the
initial peel strength is preferably 20 kPa or higher. On
the other hand, higher initial peel strength may cause
difficulty in peeling of the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet in the case of re-sticking due to, for example, a
failure in sticking. Thus, the initial peel strength is
more preferably 20 to 100 kPa.
The initial peel strength of the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet is determined as follows. First, a just-
produced closed-cell foamed rubber sheet having a size of
25 mm in width x 12.5 mm in length x 3.0 mm in thickness is
prepared. Next, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is
sandwiched between two acryl resin plates (25 mm in width x
10 0 mm in length) to provide a laminated body. Then, the
laminated body is placed on a horizontal plane and is
pressurized in the thickness direction for 15 minutes by a
500-g weight placed on the center portion of the upper
surface of the laminated body to provide a sample. Here,
the sample comprises the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
and the acryl resin plates integrally laminated on both of
the surfaces of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet.
Finally, peel strength of the just-produced sample is
measured at a pulling speed of 50 mm/m in accordance with
JIS K6850.
The thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
is preferably 0.2 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 8 mm,
and particularly preferably 1 to 6 mm. If the thickness of
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is thinner than 0.2 mm,
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet may exert poor
flexibility against compression. The upper limit of the
thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is not
particularly restricted. It is preferably 10 mm or thinner
for easy handleability of the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet.
The following will describe the method for producing
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the
present invention may be produced by any method as long as
the method comprises the steps of: providing the foamable
resin composition; irradiating the foamable resin
composition with ionizing radiation to cross-link the
foamable resin composition; and foaming the cross-linked
foamable resin composition. For example, the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet may be produced by: kneading the
foamable resin composition with a kneader such as a Banbury
mixer or a pressure kneader; continuously kneading the
foamable resin composition with an apparatus such as an
extruder, a calender apparatus, or a conveyer belt casting
apparatus to provide a foamable sheet; irradiating the
foamable sheet with ionizing radiation to cross-link the
foamable sheet; and heating the cross-linked foamable sheet
to foam the foamable sheet.
The foamable sheet is required to be cross-linked by
irradiation of ionizing radiation. The cross-linking by
ionizing radiation makes it possible to uniformly irradiate
the foamable sheet with ionizing radiation in the thickness
direction, thereby uniformly cross-linking the foamable
sheet on the whole.
The thickness of the foamable sheet is required to be
0.1 to 3 mm in order to provide the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet with a thickness of 0.2 to 10 mm. For
providing the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet with an
accurately-controlled thickness by foaming such a thin
foamable sheet, the foamable sheet is required to be
uniformly cross-linked on the whole at very high accuracy
and then to be foamed. Thus, the foamable sheet is cross-
linked by irradiation of ionizing radiation in the present
invention.
In the conventional vulcanization with disulfide, it
is difficult to control cross-linking reaction of the
foamable sheet and the foamable sheet is not always cross-
linked uniformly on the whole. Thus, the foamable sheet is
not uniformly foamed and a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
has a poorly-controlled thickness and has poor water
resistance.
The surface of the foamable sheet is directly
irradiated with ionizing radiation, and thus, the degree of
cross-linking of the rubber-based resin at the surface of
the foamable sheet is higher than that at the inside of the
foamable sheet. Control of the dose of ionizing radiation
makes it possible to control the degree of cross-linking of
the rubber-based resin at the surface of the foamable sheet.
Control of the dose of ionizing radiation can optimize the
degree of cross-linking at the surface of the foamable
sheet and makes the surface of the foamable sheet smooth.
This allows the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to have a
smooth surface, and thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet is likely to adhere to a sealed portion without a
clearance.
When the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet adheres to
the sealed portion without a clearance, a sheet-shaped seal
material (the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet) closely
adheres to the sealed portion owing to atmospheric pressure.
Thus, the seal material (the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet) can favorably adhere to the sealed portion for a
long time without adhesive.
Then, the uniformly cross-linked foamable sheet is
foamed to provide a closed-cell foamed rubber sheet which
contains uniform, small-sized foams. Such a closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet containing uniform and small-sized
foams has a smooth surface and has enhanced adhesiveness
owing to a larger contact area with the sealed portion.
Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has high
sealability and excellent water resistance.
The uniformly cross-linked foamable sheet is
uniformly foamed on the whole. As a result, the closed-
cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided has an accurately-
controlled thickness.
The dose of ionizing radiation upon the cross-linking
may be adjusted depending on characteristics of the rubber-
based resin and use of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet.
The dose is preferably 0.5 to 10 Mrad, and more preferably
0.7 to 5.0 Mrad.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention is produced by cross-linking the foamable resin
composition containing the rubber-based resin and foaming
the cross-linked foamable resin composition. When used as
a water-resistant seal material, the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet with a smooth surface adheres along the
surface of the sealed portion without a clearance in either
case where the sealed portion has a smooth surface or a
rough surface. Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
has high sealability and excellent water resistance, and is
suitably used as a water-resistant seal material which
closely adheres to a sealed portion for a long time.
As the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention has the aforementioned features, the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet has excellent flexibility against
compression. When used as a water-resistant seal material,
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet does not cause
deformation of the sealed portion due to repulsion force.
Thus, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has excellent
water resistance.
In the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention, the foamable resin composition is irradiated
with ionizing radiation, and thereby is cross-linked. Thus,
the foamable resin composition is uniformly cross-linked on
the whole. In addition, the degree of cross-linking of the
foamable resin composition is controlled by fine adjustment
of the dose of ionizing radiation applied to the foamable
resin composition, while maintaining the surface smoothness
of the foamable resin composition. Thus, the surface of
the cross-linked foamable resin composition is made smooth.
The uniformly cross-linked foamable resin composition
is uniformly foamed on the whole. Thus, the closed-cell
foamed rubber sheet of the present invention has an
accurately-controlled thickness. That is to say, the
thickness of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is almost
constant, and has excellent water resistance.
In the case where the foamable resin composition of
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains the liquid
rubber-based resin ingredient, the liquid rubber-based
resin ingredient contributes to reduction in load upon
kneading the foamable resin composition. Thus, even in the
case where the foamable resin composition contains the
powdery additive, load upon kneading the foamable resin
composition does not rise and the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet is produced with high productivity.
In the case where the foamable resin composition of
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains the liquid
rubber-based resin ingredient and a predetermined amount of
the powdery additive, the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient serves as a dispersant to uniformly disperse the
particles of the powdery additive in the rubber-based resin
and to cover particles of the powdery additive. The
powdery additive does not emerge on the surface of the
closed-cell foamed rubber sheet in such a case. Thus, in
contrast to the conventional conditions, it is possible to
prevent deterioration of sealability and water resistance
due to the emergence of the powdery additive on the surface
of the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be provided.
In the case where the foamable resin composition of
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet contains a liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubber as the liquid rubber-based resin
ingredient, the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet to be
provided has more excellent sealability, flexibility
against compression, durability, and oil resistance. Thus,
the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet has more excellent
sealability owing to its excellent adhesiveness and
flexibility against compression. In addition, even in the
case where the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet is used for
a long time, repulsion force is less likely to reduce and
thereby sealability is less likely to reduce owing to its
durability. Furthermore, the closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet is not likely to deteriorate owing to its excellent
oil resistance, so that the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet
exerts excellent water resistance for a long time.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The following will more concretely describe the
embodiments of the present invention referring to examples.
The present invention is not limited to these examples.
(Examples 1 to 13, Comparative Example 2)
A foamable resin composition containing:
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR, produced by ZEON Corp.,
trade name: Nipol DN401, density: 0.94 g/cm3) ; liquid
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (liquid NBR, produced by
ZEON Corp., trade name: Nipol DN601, density: 0.98 g/cm3);
azodicarbonamide (produced by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.,
trade name: SO-L, decomposition temperature: 197°C) ;
powdery phenol-based antioxidant (produced by Ciba
Specialty Chemical Corp., trade name: IRGANOX 1010);
powdery flame retardant (produced by Albemarle Corp., trade
name: SAYTEX 8010); and powdery carbon black (produced by
Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., trade name: ASAHI #70), each in a
predetermined amount shown in Tables 1 to 4, was kneaded
with a pressure kneader. In the case where the foamable
resin composition did not contain one or more of the
ingredients, this case is indicated with the symbol "-" in
the tables.
The liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber is in a
liquid state at 23°C and 1.01 x 105 Pa. The powdery phenol-
based antioxidant, the powdery flame retardant, and the
powdery carbon black are in a powder state at 23°C and 1.01
x 105 Pa.
The kneaded foamable resin composition was melted and
kneaded in an extruder. The melted foamable resin
composition was extruded from the extruder at an extrusion
speed of 50 kg/h to provide a foamable sheet with a
thickness of 1 mm.
The foamable sheet was irradiated with ionizing
radiation on both of its surfaces at an acceleration
voltage of 50 0 keV with the dose of 1.5 Mrad, and thus, the
foamable sheet was cross-linked.
The cross-linked foamable sheet was foamed by heat at
240°C in a foaming oven to provide a closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet having an apparent density, a closed cell
ratio, and a thickness shown in Table 1.
The aforementioned ingredients are referred to as
follows in Tables 1 to 4. The acrylonitrile-butadiene
rubber is referred to as "NBR". The liquid acrylonitrile-
butadiene rubber is referred to as "liquid NBR". The
powdery phenol-based antioxidant is referred to simply as
"antioxidant". The powdery flame retardant is referred to
simply as "flame retardant". The powdery carbon black is
referred to simply as "carbon black".
(Comparative Example 1)
To the foamable resin composition of Example 3 was
blended 1.0 part by weight of dicumyl peroxide (produced by
NOF Corp., trade name: PERCUMYL D40, 1-minute half-life
temperature: 175.2°C) as a cross-linking agent to prepare a
foamable resin composition. The thus-prepared foamable
resin composition was kneaded with a pressure kneader.
The kneaded foamable resin composition was melted and
kneaded in an extruder. The melted foamable resin
composition was extruded from the extruder at an extrusion
speed of 50 kg/h to provide a foamable sheet. The obtained
foamable sheet was cross-linked by heat for 5 minutes in a
13 0°C heating oven.
The cross-linked foamable sheet was foamed by heat at
240°C in a foaming oven. Thus, a closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet having an apparent density of 39 kg/m3, a closed cell
ratio of 88%, and a thickness of 3.0 mm was provided.
The foamable resin composition was evaluated for a
kneading load, and the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was
evaluated for an initial peel strength and water resistance
in accordance with the following ways. Tables 1 to 4 show
the results.
(Kneading load)
During the production of the closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet, the maximum amperage (A) of the main motor of
the extruder upon melting and kneading the foamable resin
composition was measured.
(Initial peel strength)
The just-produced closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was
cut in a size of 25 mm in width x 12.5 mm in length. The
cut closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was sandwiched by two
acryl resin plates each in a size of 25 mm in width x 100
mm in length to provide a laminated body, and the laminated
body was placed on a horizontal plane. The laminated body
was pressurized in the thickness direction for 15 minutes
by a 500-g weight placed on the center portion of the upper
surface of the laminated body to provide a sample. The
sample comprised the closed-cell foamed rubber sheet and
the acryl resin plates integrally laminated on both of the
surfaces of the rubber sheet.
A peel strength (kPa) of the just-produced sample was
measured at a pulling speed of 50 mm/m in accordance with
JIS K6850. In every case, interfacial peeling occurred
upon peeling off the sample.
(Water resistance of seal material adhering to sealed
portion against distilled water)
The obtained closed-cell foamed rubber sheet was cut
in an annular shape (outer diameter: 10 0 mm, inner
diameter: 80 mm, thickness: 3.0 mm) to prepare a test piece.
The test piece was placed at the center of a flat acryl
resin plate. Then, another flat acryl resin plate with a
through hole at the center portion was placed on the test
piece such that the through hole was located on the center
of the circle of the test piece to prepare a laminated body.
The laminated body was compressed in the thickness
direction of the test piece, thereby providing a sample in
which the distance between the surfaces facing to each
other of the acryl plates was 2.55 mm (compression rate of
test piece: 15%).
Distilled water was poured via the through hole of
the sample into the space defined by the sample piece and
the surfaces facing to each other of the two acryl resin
plates, and the space was filled with distilled water. The
sample was then pressurized at 15 kPa from the through hole.
A time period from the start of the pressurization to the
leakage of distilled water (water-resistant time (minutes))
was measured. In the case where the water-resistant time
was longer than 120 minutes, this case is indicated with
the phrase "no leakage" in Table 1.
(Water resistance of seal material adhering to sealed
portion against aqueous solution of surfactant)
A sample having the same shape as that of the sample
for the evaluation for water resistance against distilled
water was prepared. An aqueous solution of a surfactant
(produced by Prostaff, car shampoo S-01) was poured via the
through hole of the sample into the space defined by the
sample piece and the surfaces facing to each other of the
two acryl resin plates, and the space was filled with the
aqueous solution of the surfactant. A time period from the
start of the pressurization to the leakage of the aqueous
solution of the surfactant (water-resistant time (minutes))
was measured. In the case where the aqueous solution of
the surfactant leaked within an hour, water resistance was
evaluated as "bad"; in the case where the aqueous solution
of the surfactant did not leak over an hour and leaked
within 6 hours, water resistance was evaluated as "good";
and in the case where the aqueous solution of the
surfactant did not leak over 6 hours, water resistance was
evaluated as "very good".
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the present
invention has sealability which is less likely to decrease
even after long-time use, and is suitably used as a water-
resistant seal material.
We claim:
1. A closed-cell foamed rubber sheet comprising a
rubber-based resin, which is obtained by the steps of:
providing a foamable resin composition containing the
rubber-based resin and a foaming agent;
irradiating the foamable resin composition with
ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin
composition; and
foaming the cross-linked foamable resin composition.
2. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to
claim 1,
wherein the rubber-based resin contains a rubber-
based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal
temperature, and
wherein the foamable resin composition further
contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery additive
other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the
rubber-based resin.
3. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to
claim 1,
wherein the rubber-based resin contains a rubber-
based resin ingredient which is in a liquid state at normal
temperature, and
wherein the foamable resin composition further
contains 1 part by weight or more of a powdery additive
other than the foaming agent per 100 parts by weight of the
rubber-based resin.
4. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to
claim 2,
wherein the rubber-based resin ingredient which is in
a liquid state at normal temperature is a liquid
acrylonitrile-based rubber.
5. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to
claim 4,
wherein the liquid acrylonitrile-based rubber is a
liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
6. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to any
one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein a closed cell ratio in the rubber sheet is 80
to 100%.
7. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet according to any
one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein an initial peel strength of the rubber sheet
is 20 kPa or higher.
8. A method for producing a closed-cell foamed rubber
sheet, comprising the steps of:
providing a foamable sheet of a foamable resin
composition comprising:
100 parts by weight of a rubber-based resin
containing a rubber-based resin ingredient
which is in a liquid state at normal
temperature;
a foaming agent; and
0.5 parts by weight or more of a powdery
additive other than the foaming agent;
irradiating the foamable sheet with ionizing
radiation to cross-link the foamable sheet; and
foaming the cross-linked foamable sheet.

The present invention provides a closed-cell foamed
rubber sheet whose sealability is less likely to decrease
even after long-time use and which has excellent water
resistance. The closed-cell foamed rubber sheet of the
present invention comprises a rubber-based resin, and is
provided by the steps of: providing a foamable resin
composition containing the rubber-based resin and a foaming
agent; irradiating the foamable resin composition with
ionizing radiation to cross-link the foamable resin
composition; and foaming the cross-linked foamable resin
composition. In the case where the foamable resin
composition further contains 0.5 parts by weight or more of
a powdery additive other than the foaming agent per 100
parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, the rubber-based
resin preferably contains a rubber-based resin ingredient
which is in a liquid state at normal temperature.

Documents:

http://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/GrantedSearch/viewdoc.aspx?id=Y5FCNvtGVcSE/DZJ1ahheg==&loc=wDBSZCsAt7zoiVrqcFJsRw==

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Patent Number

268294

Indian Patent Application Number

4395/KOLNP/2009

PG Journal Number

35/2015

Publication Date

28-Aug-2015

Grant Date

25-Aug-2015

Date of Filing

17-Dec-2009

Name of Patentee

SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.

Applicant Address

4-4, NISHITEMMA 2-CHOME, KITA-KU, OSAKA-SHI, OSAKA JAPAN

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	KOUICHI ADACHI	C/O SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 3535 KUROHAMA, HASUDA-SHI, SAITAMA JAPAN
2	SHUNJI HYOUDOU	C/O SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 2-1, HYAKUYAMA, SHIMAMOTO-CHO, MISHIMA-GUN, OSAKA JAPAN
3	TAKAO SUZUKI	C/O SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 3535 KUROHAMA, HASUDA-SHI, SAITAMA JAPAN
4	KENTAROU NEZU	C/O SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 3535 KUROHAMA, HASUDA-SHI, SAITAMA JAPAN

PCT International Classification Number

C08J 9/06,C09K 3/10

PCT International Application Number

PCT/JP2008/060714

PCT International Filing date

2008-06-11

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	2007-153716	2007-06-11	Japan