| Title of Invention | "COOLED GAS TURBINE ENGINE VANE" |
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| Abstract | The cooled gas turbine vane of the invention comprises a cast part (11) and a longitudinal sleeve (14)- obtained by shaping metal sheet; the cast part (11) comprises a longitudinal body provided with a longitudinal cavity (16) having a first -opening (19) and a second opening (20) at the ends; the sleeve (14) is mounted in the cavity (16) by being firmly affixed to the wall of the first opening (19), and one end part (21) of which being free to slide in the second opening forming a guide (20) . Said end part (21) comprises a part (22) having constricted diimensions relative to the transverse dimensions of the guide (20). |
| Full Text | COOLE GAS TURBINS ENGINE VANK The present invention relates to the cooling of vanes in a gas turbine engine, in particular the vanes of a turbine nozzle. In a gas turbine engine, the air is compressed in a compressor and is mixed with a fuel in the combustion chamber. The flow leaving the latter feeds one or several turbines stages, before being ejected into an exhaust nozzle. The turbine stages comprise rotors separated by nozzles, or distributors, for orienting 'the gas flow. Because of the. temperature of the gas that passes over them, the vanes are subjected to very severe operating conditions; it is therefore necessaury to cool them, generally by forced convection or even by air impact on the inside of the vanes. Fig. 1 represents a distributor vane 1 of the prior att, wherein the cooling is assured by a miilti-perforated longitudinal sleeve 4. The vane 1 extends between two platforms: an inner platform 3 and an outer platform 2, which, delimits the annular gas circulation channel 5 within the turbine. This channel is subdivided circumferentially by the vanes 1. The-mult imperforated sleeve 4 is slid longitudinally into the central cavity 6 of the vane 1. At the level of the outer platform 2, a duct 7 feeds the sleeve 4 with cold air taken from the compressor, for example. Because of the pressure difference existing between the inside of the sleeve 4 and the peripheral zone of the cavity 6 delimited by the outside wall of the sleeve 4 and the inside wall of the vane 1, a portion of the air is projected via the perforations of the sleeve 4 against the inside wall of the vane 1, thus assuring its cooling. This air is then evacuated in the gas stream 5, along the trailing edge of the vane 1, by calibrated perforations. The rest of the air is evacuated across the inner platform 3 into a' second duct .8,/ which guides it towards the other parts of the motor to be cooled," such as the turbine disk or the turbine bearings. The central cavity 6 of the. vane 1 comprises two openings 9, 10 at the level of the outer platform 2 and the inner platform 3, respectively. At the time of assembly of the vane, the sleeve 4 is slid through the outer opening 9 of the vane 1 and firmly affixed to the outer platfoxin 2, generally by brazing along the wall of the outer opening 9. The opposing part of the sleeve 4 is guided into the inner opening 10 of the vane 1, forming a guide into the inner'platform 3 in order to authorize relative displacements between the sleeve and the vane. Indeed, because of the differences between the materials and the manufacturing methods between the vane 1 and this sleeve 4, as' well as between the operating temperatures, there results a variation in elongation between the vane 1 and the sleeve 4. -The guide 10 assures the maintaining of the assembly. The vane 1 is formed by founding, whilst the sleeve 4 is formed by shaping of a metal sheet. Considering the difference between the methods of manufacturing the vane 1 and the sleeve 4, the clearance along the guide 10 is relatively significant; this clearance results especially from the' manufacturing tolerances. It creates an air leak at the level of the exit from the sleeve 4, since the pressure in the peripheral zone of the cavity 6 is lower than that in the central canal formed by the sleeve 4. Referring to Fig. 2, the air leak represented by the arrow F has the first drawback of creating an overpressure in the peripheral zone of the cavity 6. This overpressure "is prejudicial to the internal cooling of the vane 1, and . more particularly at the level of the leading edge zone, which is the hottest zone, since the air passing in the central cavity of the' sleeve 4 has less tendency to be projected via the perforations of the sleeve 4 against the inside wall of the vane 1. Moreover', the air coming from the lesdcage does not participate in the cooling of the vane, since it is guided directly towards the evacuation orifices situated on the trailing edge. In addition, the quantity of air guided into the duCt 8 in order to cool other parts of the engine is reduced in virtue of the leakage. It has been proposed to eliminate the air leakage by means of sealing systems, but these latter adversely affect the sliding of the sleeve 4 in the guide 10, necessary' to the compensation of the dilatation differences mentioned above. . The present invention proposes eliminating these drawbacks. To this end, the invention relates to a cooled gas turbine, engine vane comprising a cast part and a longitudinal sleeve for guiding the flow of cooling air obtained by shaping sheet metal, the cast part comprising a longitudinal body provided with a longitudinal cavity with a first opening for feeding and a second opening for evacuation of air at the extremities, the sleeve being mounted in the cavity by being attached to the wall of the first opening, one end part of which being free to slide into the second opening forming a guide, characterized in that said end portion guided by the guide comprises a "constriction of its passage cross-section for the air flow. The solution proposed by the invention is simple and economical. It also offers the advantage of making it possible to calibrate the cooling flow of the disks. The invention will be better appreciated in virtue of the following description of the vane according to the invention, with reference to the appended drawings, wherein: - Fig. 1 represents a sectional profile view of a prior art vane; - Fig. 2 represents a sectional profile view of the sleeve in the guide of the vane of Fig. 1; - Pig. 3 represents a sectional profile view of a first embodiment of the vane according to the invention; - Fig. 4 represents a sectional profile view of the sleeve in the guide of the vane of Fig. 3; - Pig. 5 represents a sectional profile view of the sleeve of a second embodiment of the vane according to the invention, and - Fig. 6 represents a sectional profile view of the sleeve of a third embodiment of the vane according • to the invention. Although the invention applies to any type of vane, it will be described especially in connection with a turbine nozzle vane.- With reference to Fig. 3, the distributor vane 11 according to the invention extends between. an outer platform 12 and ah inner platform 13 of the gas turbine engine nozzle, which delimits an annular gas circulation channel 15 in the turbine. It comprises a central longitudinal cavity 16 having two openings, an outer 19 and an inner 20, at the level of the outer platform 12 and the inner platform 13, respectively. A sleeve 14 is inserted into the central cavity 16 of the vane, accommodating a peripheral cooling cavity between the outside wall of the sleeve 14 and the inside wall of the vane 11. The sleeve 14 is attached to the wall of the outer opening 19 of the vane 11 by brazing or welding, for example. In addition, it is guided at an end part 21 into the inner opening 20 forming a sliding guide for'this purpose. Accordingly, it is possible for it to slide into the guide 20 in order to make the assembly of the vane united, notwithstanding the differential dilatations between its various elements. At the outer platform 12, the sleeve 14 is supplied by a duct 17 with air coming from the cooler levels of the turbine engine. Because of the pressure 'difference existing between the central cavity of the sleeve 14 and the peripheral cooling cavity of the cavity 16, a portion of this air is projected from the central cavity of the sleeve 14 towards the inside wall of the vane by perforations provided to this end on. the sleeve 14, especially on the side of the leading edge of the vane 11. This air is then evacuated by. calibrated perforation on the trailing edge of the vane 11. The portion of the air not projected onto the inner wall Of the vane 11 is evacuated from the sleeve 14 through a duct 18 extending at the level of the inner platform 13 following the guide 20. With reference to Fig. 4, the sleeve 14 of the vane 11 of Fig. 3, formed by folding sheet metal, is folded in the zone of its end portion 21 guided by the guide 20 so as to form a constriction 22 for the air flow that is guided into its cavity. More precisely, the constriction 22 is realized in the zone of the end part 21 of the sleeve 14 arranged to be located inside the guide 20. In the embodiment of Fig. 4, this folding has a curved profile. In fact, the objective is to create, in the end part 21 of the sleeve 14 guided by the guide 20, a zone 22, the transverse dimensions of which are clearly constricted relative to the transverse dimensiono of the guide 20. Accordingly, in virtue of the folding of the sleeye 14, a loss of load is created at the folded end 22 of the sleeve 14. This loss of load causes a drop in the static pressure at the outlet of the sleeve 14. Consequently, in virtue of an ad hoc' confoinnation of the fold, it is possible to regulate the static pressure at the outlet of the sleeve 14 relative to the static pressure of the cooling zone of the cavity 16 of the vaner in such a fashion as to eliminate, or at least reduce, within the guide 20, the leakage of air it the outlet of the sleeve 14 towards said cooling zone. Accordingly, in virtue of the invention", it is possible to remedy the air leakage without changing the structure nor the mode of. realizing the body of the vane 11, by suitably conforming the end part 21 of the sleeve 14, without additional production costs. Fig. 5 represents a second embodiment of a sleeve 14' of the vane 1. In the latter, it is proposed, in order to obtain results identical to the previous ones, brazing or welding, tp the end of the end part 21' of the sleeye 14' intended to be guided by the guide 20, a calibrated plate 23' perforated over the greater part of its surface, in the present case, of an air passage opening 24'. In this fashion, a part 22' having' constricted transverse dimensions relative to the transverse-dimensions of the guide 20 ie obtained. Fig. 6 represents a third embodiment of a sleeve 14" of the vane 1. In this latter instance, it is proposed to brage a conical tube 23", whose transverse dimensions narrow in moving away from the sleeve end 14", to the end of the end part 21" of. the sleeve 14' intended to be guided by the guide 20. in this fashion, a part 22" having constricted transverse dimensions relative to the transverse dimensions of the guide 20 is obtained; The third embodiment of the sleeve according to the invention is advsmtageous relative to the second in that it makes it possible to minimize the load losses at the inlet of A the cone. WE CLAIMS :- l.A cooled gas turbine engine vane comprising a cast part (11) and a longitudinal sleeve (14, 14', 14"), for-guiding the flow of cooling air, obtained by shaping sheet metal, the cast part (11) comprising a longitudinal body-provided with a longitudinal cavity (16) having a first opening (19) for feeding and a second opening (20) for evacuation of, air at the extremities, the sleeve (14, 14', 14") being mounted in the cavity (16) by being attached to the wall of the first opening (19); one end part (21, 21', 21") of • which being free to slide into the second opening forming a guide (20), characterized in that said end'part (21, 21', 21") guided by the guide (20) comprises a constriction (22. 22', 22") of its passage cross-section for the air Elow. 2. The vane according to Claim 1, wherein the sleeve (14, 14', 14") is attached to the wall of the first opening (19) by welding or by brazing. 3. The vane according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the constriction (22) is obtained by folding the end of the sleeve (14). • 4. The vane according to -Claim 3, wherein the folding is of curved profile section. 5. The vane according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the constriction (22') is obtained by fastening of a calibrated plate (23') perforated of- an opening (24') to the extremity of the sleeve (14'). 6. The vane according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the constriction (22") is obtained by attaching, a tube (23") having a conical shape, whose cross-section dimensions" diminish while extending from the end of the sleeve (14") . 7.. The vane according to one of Claims 1 to 6,. wherein the sleeve (14, 14', 14") is perforated. 8. The vane according to Claim 7, wherein the cast part, comprises calibrated perforations. 9. A cooled gas turbine engine vane substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. |
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| Patent Number | 268654 | ||||||||
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| Indian Patent Application Number | 1496/DEL/2004 | ||||||||
| PG Journal Number | 37/2015 | ||||||||
| Publication Date | 11-Sep-2015 | ||||||||
| Grant Date | 10-Sep-2015 | ||||||||
| Date of Filing | 12-Aug-2004 | ||||||||
| Name of Patentee | SNECMA | ||||||||
| Applicant Address | 2 Boulevard du General Martial Valin, 75015-Paris, France | ||||||||
Inventors:
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| PCT International Classification Number | F01D 17/00 | ||||||||
| PCT International Application Number | N/A | ||||||||
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PCT Conventions:
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