Indian Patents. 269724:COLOURED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITION HAVING A HIGH CONTENT OF B-MODIFICATION

Title of Invention	COLOURED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITION HAVING A HIGH CONTENT OF B-MODIFICATION
Abstract	The invention relates to a coloured β- nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of - β modification wherein the polypropylene composition comprises at least one β - nucleating agent and an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment.

Full Text	Coloured polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification The present invention relates to a coloured β -nucleated polypropylene composition, in particular to a green polypropylene composition containing inorganic pigment and having a high content of β -modification. Background of the invention Polypropylene materials are frequently used for pipes for various purposes, such as fluid transport, i.e. transport of liquid or gas, e.g. water or natural gas, during which the fluid is pressurised and/or heated. In particular, polypropylene materials are used in applications for plumbing and heating, such as in-house hot and cold water pipes and fittings, floor and wall heating systems and radiator connections. From EP1448631 it is known to use polypropylene which crystallises predominantly in the β -modification for pressure pipes having increased long-term pressure resistance. Polypropylene which crystallises predominantly in the β -modification has an increased impact strength compared to polypropylene when it is crystallised in the α -modification. Generally, the higher the amount of β -modification, the better the impact strength of the polypropylene will be. With regard to polypropylene pipes, impact strength of pipes is often measured by the falling weight impact test at 0°C according to EN 1411. For pipes this is a more practice-oriented parameter, since it correlates to the resistance of the pipe against breakage during installation, especially at low temperatures. Further, it is customary to use coloured polypropylene for these applications. A number of organic and inorganic pigments exist, which are used for the production of coloured polypropylene. However, many organic pigments are unsuitable for the production of coloured polypropylene having a high content of β -modification, because organic pigments are often acting as strong α -nucleating agents. When both a-nucleating agents and β -nucleating agents are present in a polypropylene, the α -nucleating agent is usually predominant, because the α -modification is thermodynamically more favoured than the β -modification. Inorganic pigments are favoured for the abovementioned purposes. One of the usual colours which is used for such materials is green. Usually, the colour green is achieved by the use of specific inorganic pigments, especially the pigments C.I. Pigment Green 17, C.I. pigment 26 and C.I. Pigment Green 50 (c.f. Plastics Additives Handboek, 5th Edition, Edited by Dr. Hans Zweifel. Carl Hanser Verlag. Munich 2001, p. 849). Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 17 is Cr2O3- It is also identified by CAS NO. 68909-79-5. Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 26 is COCr2O4. It is also identified by CAS NO. 68187-49-5. Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 50 is (CO,Ni,Zn)2TiO4. It is also identified by CAS NO. 68186-85-6. It was however observed, that the use of the abovementioned pigments to produce a green coloured - β nucleated polypropylene composition has the disadvantage that the impact strength (measured as falling weight impact test) is still unsatisfactory. Object of Invention It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a green coloured β -nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β -modification, where pipes, which are produced from the inventive polypropylene composition shall exhibit a higher impact strength than pipes which are made from green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene compositions containing an inorganic green pigment. Surprisingly, the above object could be achieved by a process, wherein the polypropylene composition comprises at least one β -nucleating agent and an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment. It has surprisingly been observed, that a green coloured B-nucleated polypropylene composition, which contains an inorganic blue and an inorganic yellow pigment instead of an inorganic green pigment shows significantly improved impact strength, measured by the falling weight impact test at O'C according to EN 1411 on pipes. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), CI. Pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. Pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8), C.I. pigment blue 29 (CAS No. 57455-37-5), C.I. pigment blue 35 (CAS No. 68187-05-3) and mixtures thereof. The mentioned blue pigments are also listed in the table below, together with their chemical formula. TABLE According to a further embodiment of the present invention the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of CI. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), CI. Pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), CI. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), CI. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8) and mixtures thereof. The aforementioned blue pigments are spinals based on COAI2O4, where C and/or Ai can be partially replaced by other metals like Cr and/or Zn. It has have observed, that with the use of one or more of the abovementioned spinel type inorganic blue pigments, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured β -nucieated polypropyiene compositions is remarkably improved. According to a particularly profaned embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic blue pigment is CI. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7). It has been observed, that with the use of the abovementioned spinel type inorganic blue pigment, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured ll-nucleated polypropyiene compositions is most improved. According to an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic yellow pigment is selected from the group consisting of Cl. pigment yellow 53 (CAS No. 71077-18-4), Cl. pigment yellow 119 (CAS No. 68187-51-9), Cl. pigment yellow 157 (CAS No. 68610-24-2), Cl. pigment yellow 161 (CAS No. 68611-43-8), Cl. pigment yellow 162 (CAS No. 68611-42-7), Cl. pigment yellow 163 (CAS No. 68186-92-5), Cl. pigment yellow 164 (CAS No. 68412-38-4), Cl. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7), Cl. pigment yellow 189 (CAS No. 69011-05-8) and mixtures thereof. It has been observed, that with the use of one or more of the abovementioned inorganic yellow pigments, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured R-nucleated ; polypropyiene compositions is remarkably improved. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, inorganic yellow pigment is Cl. pigment yeilow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7). It has been observed, that with the use of the abovementioned inorganic yellow pigment, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured l^nucieated polypropylene compositions is most improved. Pigments, which act as a-nucieating agents should preferably be not present in the inventive polypropylene compositions at all, or only in such an amount, that they do not adversely affect the desired properties, i.e. mainly the increased content of H-modification and thus the impact strength. The present invention is applicable to all kinds of polypropylene and polypropylene compositions comprising isotactic polypropylene. The isotacticity of polypropylene can be determined either by "C-NMR or by Infrared spectroscopy. When it is determined by ^^C-NMR, the isotacticity is determined as triade percentage (mm%) or as pentade percentage (mmmm%). For the used isotactic polypropylenes of the invention the tirade percentage (mm%) is typically >80%, preferably >90%, still higher values (e.g. >95%) being still more prefenred. Particularly, the present invention is applicable to lypropylenes selected from the group consisting of propylene homopolymers, propylene random copolymers, propylene heterophasic copolymers and mixtures thereof. The polypropylene in accordance with the present invention typically has an MFR of from 0.05 to 10 g/10 min at 230 "0/2.16 kg. Depending on the desired end use, the MFR may preferably be in the range of from 0.1 to 5 g/10 min and in embödiments the present invention contemplates MFR values of from 0.1 to 1 g/10 min, in particular for use in pipe applications or MFR values of from 2 to 3 g/10 min for the pneparation of articles prepared by molding operations. The polypropylene in accordance with the present invention may be prepared by using conventional catalysts,. including Ziegier-Natta catalysts and single site catalysts (induding metallocenes), which may be supported catalysts. Typical Ziegler-Natta catalysts are disclosed in e.g. WO 03/042260, incorporated herein by reference with respect to the description of catalyst components and polymerisation conditions. Preparation of polypropylenes Production of propylene homopolymer and of propylene random copolymer The polymerisation process for the production of the random propylene copolymers according to the invention may be a continuous process or a batch process utiiising known methods and operating in liquid phase, optionally in the presence of an inert diluent, or in gas phase or by mixed liquid-gas techniques. Accordingly, the random propylene copolymer may be produced by single- or multistage process polymerisation of propylene and a-olefin and/or ethylene such as bulk polymerisation, gas phase polymerisation, slurry polymerisation, solution polymerisation or combinations thereof using conventional catalysts. Preferably, the copolymer is made either in one or two loop reactor(s) or in a combination of loop and gas phase reactor. Those processes are well known to one skilled in the art The process is preferably canied out in the presence of a catalyst system which is stereospecific for polymerising isotactic polypropylene. A suitable catalyst for the polymerisation of the propylene polymer is any stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerisation which is capable of polymerising and copolymerising propylene and a-olefin-comonomers at a temperature of 40 to 110'C and at a pressure from 10 to 100 bar. Ziegler Natta catalysts as well as metallocene catalysts are suitable catalysts. One skilled in the art is aware of the various possibilities to produce propylene homo- and copolymers and will simply find out a suitable procedure to pn^duce suitable polymers which are used in the present invention, see e.g. Nello Pasquini (Ed.) Polypropyiene Handbook, Hanser, Munich, 2005, pages 15 -141. The precise control of the polymerisation conditions and reaction parameters is within the state C7f the art After the polymerisation in the first and the optional second reactor is finished, the polymer product is recovered by conventional procedures. The resulting polymer particles may be palletized in a conventional compounding extnjder with various additives, which are generally used in thermoplastic polymer compositions, such as stabilisers, antioxidants, acid neutralizing agents, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, etc. Production of propylene homopolymer may be performed in an analogous manner, with the exception, that no comonomer (ethylene) is used in the polymerisation. Heterophasic propylene copolymer A heterophasic copolymer may be produced by multistage process polymerisation of propylene and ethylene and/or an lobefin such as bulk polymerisation, gas phase polymerisation, slurry polymerisation, solution polymerisation or combinations thereof using conventional catalysts. Those processes are also well known to one skilied in the art. A preferred process is a combination of a bulk slurry loop reactor(s) and gas phase reactor(s), A matrix polymer can be made either in loop reactors or in a combination of loop and gas phase reactor. The polymer produced in this way is transferred into another reactor and the disperse phase, an ethylene/a-olefin rubber, is polymerised. Preferably this polymerisation step is done in a gas phase polymerisation. A suitable catalyst for the polymerisation of a heterophasic propylene copolymer is any stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerisation which is capable of polymerising and copolymerising propylene and comonomers at a temperature of 40 to 110 °C and at a pressure form 10 to 100 bar. Ziegler Natta catalysts as well as metallocene catalysts are suitable catalysts. One skilied in the ari is aware of the various possibilities to produce such heterophasic systems and will simply find out a suitable procedure to produce suitable heterophasic copolymers which can be used in the present invention. A heterophasic polyolefin composition may also be produced by mixing and melt Wending a propylene homopolymer with an ethylene/α-olefin rubber. According to the present invention, the polypropylene cx)mposition has a high amount of polypropylene crystallized in the β -modification. Preferabiy, the amount of p-crystallinity of the potypropylene composition is at least 60%, more preferabiy at least 70%, more preferabiy at least 75%. Suitable types of ^ucleating agents are • dicarboxylic acid derivative type diamide compounds from C3-C5-cycloalkyi monoamines or C6-Ci2-aromatic monoamines and C3-C5-aliphatic, C3-C8-cycloaliphatic or C3-CI 2 aromatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g. • N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'- dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicartxixamide and N,N'-dicyclooctyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide, • N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'- dicyclohexyi-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide and N,N'-dicyclopentyl-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide, • N.N'-di-C3-C8-cycioalkyyi-terephthalamide compounds such as N.N'- dicyclohexylterephthalamide and N,N'-dicyclopentylterephthalamide, • N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'- dicyclo-hexyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicartxjxamide and N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,4-cyclopentanedicarboxamide, • diamine derivative type diamide compounds from C3-C5-cycloallcyl monocarboxylic acids or C6-Ci2-aromatic monocarboxylic acids and C3-C6-cycloaliphatic or C3-CI 2aromatic diamines, e.g. • N.N'-C6-CI 2-arylene-bis-benzamide compounds such as N,N'-p-phenylene-bis- benzamlde and N,N'-1,5-naphthalene-bis-benzamide, • N.N'-C3-C6-cycloalkyl-bis-benzamide compounds such as N,N'-1,4-cyclopentane-bis- benzamide and N,N'-1,4-cyclohexane-bis-benzamide, • N.N'-p-C3-CI 2-arylene-bis-C3-C5-cycloalkyylcarboxamide compounds such as N,N'-1,5- naphthalene-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide and N,N'-1,4-phenylene-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide, and • N.N'-C3-C6-cycloalkyl-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide crampounds such as N,N'-1,4- cyclopentane-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide and N,N'-1,4-cyclohexane-bis-cyclohexanecarix>xamide, • amino acid derivative type diamide compounds from amidation reaction of C9-C3-alkyl, C9- C3-cycloalkyl- or C6-CI 2arylamino acids, C3-C9-alkyl-, C3-C5-cycloalkyl- or C6-CI 2-aromatic monocarboxylic acid chlorides and C3-C5-alkyl-, Cs-CB-cycloallcyl- or C6-CI 2-aromatic mono-amines, e.g. • N-plienyl-5-(N-benzoyiamino)pentaneamide and N-cyclohexyi-4-(N-cycloliexyl- carbonylamino)l3enzamide. Further suitable β-nucleating agents are • quinacridone type compounds, e.g. quinacridone, dimetliylquinacridone and dimethoxyquinacridone, • quinacridonequinone type compounds, e.g. quinacridonequinone, a mixed crystal of 5,12-dihydro{2,3b)acridine-7,14-dione with quino(2,3b)acridine-6,7,13,14-(5H,12H)-tetrone and dimetlioxyquinacridonequinone and • diliydroquinacridone type compounds, e.g. diliydroquinacridone, dimethoxydihydroquinacridone and dibenzodilnydroquinacridone. StiII further suitable β-nucleating agents are • salts of dicarboxylic acids with metals of group II of the periodic table, particularly salts of dicarboxylic acids with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals from group II of the periodic table, e.g. pimelic acid calcium salt and suberic acid calcium salt; and • mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and salts of metals from group lla of periodic system. Still further suitable p-nucleating agents are • salts of metals from group lla of periodic system and imido acids of the formula wherein x = 1 to 4; R = H, -COOH, CI -CI 2-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloaikyl or C6-Ci2-aryl, and Y = CI -CI 2-alkyl,.C5-C8-cycloalkyl or C6-CI 2-aryl - substituted bivalent C6-CI 3aromatic residues. e.g. calcium salts of phthaioylgiycine, hexahydrophthaloylglycine, N-phthaloylalanine and/or N-4-methylphthaloylglycine. Especialty suitable β-nucieating agents are any one or mixtures of N,N'-dicycloliexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide, the β-nudeating agents of EP 177961 and tliose of EP 682066, the disdosure of which patent publicatlons is incorporated herein by reference. Prefered &-nudeating agents are N,N'-dicydohexyl-2,6-napiitiialene dicarix)xamide, 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione, quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H, 12H)-tetrone, salts of dicarboxyiic adds with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals of group II of the periodic table, and mixtures thereof. Such p-nudeating agents may be employed in amounts of from 0.0001 to 2.0 wt%, preferably 0.001 to 1.0 wt%, more preferably 0.003 to 0.3 wt% and most preferably 0.003 to 0.25 wt%, based on the weight of the final polypropylene composition. Preferred p-nudeating agents selected from quinacridone pigments illustrated above preferably are used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, such as 0.005 wt%, while other preferred p-nudeating agents selected among the Group II metal salts of dibasic carboxylic acids, such as pimelic add caldum salt and suberic add caldum salt are preferably employed in amounts of 0.05 to 0.3 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%. It is particularly preferred for the present Invention, that the &-nudeating agent comprises quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone and 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione. The polypropylene composition of the present invention may further comprise usual additives and auxlliary substances, such as up to 40 wt% of fillers, 0.01 to 2.5 wt% of stabilizers, 0.01 to 1 wt% of processing aids, and 0.1 to 1 wt% of antistatic agents. A further object of the invention is the use of a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment, an inorganic yellow pigment and polypropylene for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification. A still further object of the invention is a process for producing a green coloured S-nucleated polypropyiene composition having a high content of S-modification. That object is achieved by melt blending polypropyiene, a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment. The polypropylene compositions of the present invention may be produced by any one of the following methods a) by combining the polypropyiene and the R-nucleating agent and the inorganic blue pigment and the inorganic yellow pigment and opüonally additional additives in a melt mixing device and melting. homogenising and pelletlsing the blend. The R-nucleating agent and the inorganic blue pigment and the inorganic yellow pigment may in each case independently be employed in pure form, or preferably in the fonn of masterbatches. Melt mixing devices suited for this process are discontinuous and continuous i^neaders, twin screw extruders and single screw extruders with special mixing sections and co-kneaders. b) The green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be produced by combining the polypropyiene and the ti-nucleating agent or a masterbatch comprising the li-nucleating agent and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletlsing the blend to obtain a R-nucleated polypropyiene. Subsequently the R-nucleated polypropyiene is combined witii the inorganic blue pigment and the Inorganic yellow pigment or one or more masterbatches comprising the inorganic pigment(s) and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletlsing the blend to obtain the green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene composition. c) The green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be produced by combining a green coloured polypropyiene comprising an inorganic blue and an inorganic yellow pigment with a R-nucleating agent or a masterbatch comprising the R-nucleating agent and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletising the blend to obtain the green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene composition. d) The coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be produced by combining a R-nucleated polypropyiene comprising a R-nucleating agent witii an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment or a masterbatch comprising the inorganic pigments or more than one masterbarch comptising the inorganic yellow and blue pigment separately and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletising the blend to obtain the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene composition. In alt of the above mentioned cases the residence times must be chosen such that a sufficiently high degree of homogenisation is achieved. In accordance therewith, the present invention provides moulded articles prepared using the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene composition as defined herein. Preferabiy, the moulded articie is selected among pipes, fittings and other articles required for pipe connections. Pipes as prepared from the polypropyiene composition in accordance with the present invention may be employed for various purposes, in particular pipes in accordance with the present invention may be employed as hot water pipes for household applications and as pipes used for industrial purposes, such as for transporting hot and/or pressurized fluids as well as non-pressurized fluids. Pipes made trom the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention can be produced with Standard pipe extruders, such as single screw extruders with an L/D of 20 to 40 or twin screw extruders or extruder cascades of homogenizing extruders (single screw or twin screw). Optionally, a melt pump and/or a static mixer can be used additionaliy between the extruder and the ring die head. Ring shaped dies with diameters ranging from approximately 16 to 2000 mm and even greater are possibie. After ieaving the annular die, the pipe is talken off over a calibrating mandrei, usually accompanied by cooling of the pipe by air cooling and/or water cooling, optionally also with inner water cooling. Examples Measurement methods MFR Melt flow rate Melt flow rate (MFR) was measured according to ISO 1133, at 230 "C and with a load of 2.16 kg (MFR 2.16 kg/230 X). Comonomer content Ethylene content in polypropylene was measured by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A thin film of the sample (thickness approximately 250 urn) was prepared by hot-pressing. The area of -CHa- absorption peak (800 - 650 cm-1) was measured with Perkin Elmer FTIR 1600-spectrometer. The method was calibrated by ethylene content data measured by 13C NMR. Determination of B-crystallinity The ft-crystallinity was detemiined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DSC was run according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2 with a scan rate of 10 "C/min. The amount of (i-modification was calculated from the second heat by the foilowing formula: β-area / (α-area + β-area) Since the thennodynamically instable β-modification starts to be changed into the more stable a-modification at temperatures above 150 "C, a part of the β-modification is transferred within the heating process of DSC-measurement. Therefore the amount of p-PP determined by DSC is lower as when measured according to the method of Tumer-Jones by WAXS (A. Tumer-Jones et. al., Makromol. Chem 75 (1964) 134). "Second heat" means, that the sample is heated according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2 for a first time and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 20 "C/min. The sample is then heated a second time, also according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2. This second heat is relevant for measurement and calculation. During the "first heat" all thermal history of the sample giving rise to different crystalline structure, which typically comes from different processing conditions and/or methods, is destroyed. By using the second heat for determination of B-crystallinity, it is possible to compare samples regardiess of the way the samples were originally manufactured. Pipe falling weight impact is determined according to EN 1411 on diameter 32 mm pipes with a wall thickness of 4.4 mm at 0°C. The H50 value in millimeters is calculated. Production of the Pipes The pipes were produced by feeding the Polypropylene composition In pellet form into a conventional Cincinnati pipe extaider for extaision with a line speed of about 1 m/min into diameter 32 mm pipes with a wail thickness of 4.4 mm. Used materials Polymers: random copolymer of propylene with ethylene. Ethylene content 3.6 wt%. IVIFR = 0.2 g/10 min (2.16 kg, 230 °C). MB1: 77.01 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 8.0 wt% Cobattblue pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 1345-16-0) 8.0 wt% Bismuthvanadate pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7) 025 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48) MB2: 77.01 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 16.0 wt% Co/Ni/Zn/Ti-Oxide P.Green 50 (CAS No. 68186-85-6) 0.25 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48) MBS: 77.26 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 16.0 wt% Co/Ni/Zn/Ti-Oxide P.Green 50 (CAS No. 68186-85-6) MB4: 99.15 wt% propylene homopolymer (MFR 10.0 g/10 min) 0.25 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48) Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48) (CAS No. 1503-48-6), which is commerdally available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, was used as &-nucleating agent in the examples. Polymer l contained the following additives and stabilisers: 0.25 wt% 1,3,5-tri-methyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-dl-tert. butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene 025 wt% Pentaerythrityl-tetrakis(3-(3',5'-di-tert. butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate 0.1 wt% Tris (2,4-di-f-butylphenyl) phosphite 0.03 wt% synthetic hydrotalcite (SHT) 0.07 wt% calcium stearate Patent claims 1. A green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification, characterised in that the polypropylene composition comprises a β-nucleating agent and an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment. 2. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), C.I. pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8), C.I. pigment blue 29 (CAS No. 57455-37-5), C.I. pigment blue 35 (CAS No. 68187-05-3) and mixtures thereof. 3. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), C.I. pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I, pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8) and mixtures thereof. 4. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7). 5. A green coloured polyproylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic yellow pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment yellow 53 (CAS No. 71077-18-4), pigment yellow 119 (CAS No. 68187-51-9), C.I. pigment yellow 157 (CAS No. 68610-24-2), C.I. pigment yellow 161 (CAS No. 68611-43-8), C.I. pigment yellow 162 (CAS No. 68611-42-7), C.I. pigment yellow 163 (CAS No. 68186-92-5), C.I. pigment yellow 164 (CAS No. 68412-38-4), C.I. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7), C.I. pigment yellow 189 (CAS No. 69011-05-8) and mixtures thereof. 6. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic yellow pigment is CI. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7). 7. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of propylene homopolymers, propylene random copolymers, propylene heterophasic copolymers and mixtures thereof. 8. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, charaterised in that the at least one β-nucleating agent is selected from the group consisting of N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthaiene dicarboxamide, 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3- b)acridine-7,14-dione, quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone, salts of dicarboxylic acids with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals of group II of the periodic table, and mixtures thereof. 9. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the β-nucleating agent comprises quino(2,3-b)acridine- 6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone and 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione. 10. Use of a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment, an inorganic yellow pigment and polypropylene for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification. 11. Process for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification, characterised in that polypropylene, a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment are melt blended. 12. Moulded article, characterised in that it comprises a polypropylene composition according to one of the claims 1-11. 13. Pipe, characterised in that it comprises a polypropylene composition according to one of the claims 1-11.

Full Text

Coloured polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification

The present invention relates to a coloured β -nucleated polypropylene composition, in particular to a green polypropylene composition containing inorganic pigment and having a high content of β -modification.

Background of the invention

Polypropylene materials are frequently used for pipes for various purposes, such as fluid transport, i.e. transport of liquid or gas, e.g. water or natural gas, during which the fluid is pressurised and/or heated. In particular, polypropylene materials are used in applications for plumbing and heating, such as in-house hot and cold water pipes and fittings, floor and wall heating systems and radiator connections.

From EP1448631 it is known to use polypropylene which crystallises predominantly in the β -modification for pressure pipes having increased long-term pressure resistance. Polypropylene which crystallises predominantly in the β -modification has an increased impact strength compared to polypropylene when it is crystallised in the α -modification. Generally, the higher the amount of β -modification, the better the impact strength of the polypropylene will be.

With regard to polypropylene pipes, impact strength of pipes is often measured by the falling weight impact test at 0°C according to EN 1411. For pipes this is a more practice-oriented parameter, since it correlates to the resistance of the pipe against breakage during installation, especially at low temperatures.

Further, it is customary to use coloured polypropylene for these applications. A number of organic and inorganic pigments exist, which are used for the production of coloured polypropylene. However, many organic pigments are unsuitable for the production of coloured polypropylene having a high content of β -modification, because organic pigments are often acting as strong α -nucleating agents. When both a-nucleating agents and β -nucleating agents are present in a polypropylene, the α -nucleating agent is usually predominant, because the α -modification is thermodynamically more favoured than the β -modification. Inorganic pigments are favoured for the abovementioned purposes.

One of the usual colours which is used for such materials is green. Usually, the colour green is achieved by the use of specific inorganic pigments, especially the pigments C.I. Pigment Green 17, C.I. pigment 26 and C.I. Pigment Green 50 (c.f. Plastics Additives Handboek, 5th Edition, Edited by Dr. Hans Zweifel. Carl Hanser Verlag. Munich 2001, p. 849). Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 17 is Cr2O3- It is also identified by CAS NO. 68909-79-5. Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 26 is COCr2O4. It is also identified by CAS NO. 68187-49-5. Chemically, CI. Pigment Green 50 is (CO,Ni,Zn)2TiO4. It is also identified by CAS NO. 68186-85-6.

It was however observed, that the use of the abovementioned pigments to produce a green coloured - β nucleated polypropylene composition has the disadvantage that the impact strength (measured as falling weight impact test) is still unsatisfactory.

Object of Invention

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a green coloured β -nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β -modification, where pipes, which are produced from the inventive polypropylene composition shall exhibit a higher impact strength than pipes which are made from green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene compositions containing an inorganic green pigment.

Surprisingly, the above object could be achieved by a process, wherein the polypropylene composition comprises at least one β -nucleating agent and an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment.

It has surprisingly been observed, that a green coloured B-nucleated polypropylene composition, which contains an inorganic blue and an inorganic yellow pigment instead of an inorganic green pigment shows significantly improved impact strength, measured by the falling weight impact test at O'C according to EN 1411 on pipes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), CI. Pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. Pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8), C.I. pigment blue 29 (CAS No. 57455-37-5), C.I. pigment blue 35 (CAS No. 68187-05-3) and mixtures thereof.

The mentioned blue pigments are also listed in the table below, together with their chemical formula.
TABLE

According to a further embodiment of the present invention the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of CI. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), CI. Pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), CI. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), CI. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8) and mixtures thereof.

The aforementioned blue pigments are spinals based on COAI2O4, where C and/or Ai can be partially replaced by other metals like Cr and/or Zn.

It has have observed, that with the use of one or more of the abovementioned spinel type inorganic blue pigments, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured β -nucieated polypropyiene compositions is remarkably improved.
According to a particularly profaned embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic blue pigment is CI. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7).
It has been observed, that with the use of the abovementioned spinel type inorganic blue pigment, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured ll-nucleated polypropyiene compositions is most improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention the inorganic yellow pigment is selected from the group consisting of Cl. pigment yellow 53 (CAS No. 71077-18-4), Cl. pigment yellow 119 (CAS No. 68187-51-9), Cl. pigment yellow 157 (CAS No. 68610-24-2), Cl. pigment yellow 161 (CAS No. 68611-43-8), Cl. pigment yellow 162 (CAS No. 68611-42-7), Cl. pigment yellow 163 (CAS No. 68186-92-5), Cl. pigment yellow 164 (CAS No. 68412-38-4), Cl. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7), Cl. pigment yellow 189 (CAS No. 69011-05-8) and mixtures thereof.
It has been observed, that with the use of one or more of the abovementioned inorganic yellow pigments, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured R-nucleated ; polypropyiene compositions is remarkably improved.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, inorganic yellow pigment is Cl. pigment yeilow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7).
It has been observed, that with the use of the abovementioned inorganic yellow pigment, the impact strength of the inventive green coloured l^nucieated polypropylene compositions is most improved.
Pigments, which act as a-nucieating agents should preferably be not present in the inventive polypropylene compositions at all, or only in such an amount, that they do not adversely affect the desired properties, i.e. mainly the increased content of H-modification and thus the impact strength.
The present invention is applicable to all kinds of polypropylene and polypropylene compositions comprising isotactic polypropylene. The isotacticity of polypropylene can be determined either by "C-NMR or by Infrared spectroscopy. When it is determined by ^^C-NMR, the isotacticity is determined as triade percentage (mm%) or as pentade percentage (mmmm%). For the used isotactic polypropylenes of the invention the tirade percentage (mm%) is typically >80%, preferably >90%, still higher values (e.g. >95%) being still more prefenred. Particularly, the present invention is applicable to lypropylenes selected from the group consisting of propylene homopolymers, propylene random copolymers, propylene heterophasic copolymers and mixtures thereof.

The polypropylene in accordance with the present invention typically has an MFR of from 0.05 to 10 g/10 min at 230 "0/2.16 kg. Depending on the desired end use, the MFR may preferably be in the range of from 0.1 to 5 g/10 min and in embödiments the present invention contemplates MFR values of from 0.1 to 1 g/10 min, in particular for use in pipe applications or MFR values of from 2 to 3 g/10 min for the pneparation of articles prepared by molding operations.
The polypropylene in accordance with the present invention may be prepared by using conventional catalysts,. including Ziegier-Natta catalysts and single site catalysts (induding metallocenes), which may be supported catalysts. Typical Ziegler-Natta catalysts are disclosed in e.g. WO 03/042260, incorporated herein by reference with respect to the description of catalyst components and polymerisation conditions.
Preparation of polypropylenes
Production of propylene homopolymer and of propylene random copolymer
The polymerisation process for the production of the random propylene copolymers according to the invention may be a continuous process or a batch process utiiising known methods and operating in liquid phase, optionally in the presence of an inert diluent, or in gas phase or by mixed liquid-gas techniques.
Accordingly, the random propylene copolymer may be produced by single- or multistage process polymerisation of propylene and a-olefin and/or ethylene such as bulk polymerisation, gas phase polymerisation, slurry polymerisation, solution polymerisation or combinations thereof using conventional catalysts. Preferably, the copolymer is made either in one or two loop reactor(s) or in a combination of loop and gas phase reactor. Those processes are well known to one skilled in the art
The process is preferably canied out in the presence of a catalyst system which is stereospecific for polymerising isotactic polypropylene.
A suitable catalyst for the polymerisation of the propylene polymer is any stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerisation which is capable of polymerising and copolymerising propylene and a-olefin-comonomers at a temperature of 40 to 110'C and at a pressure from 10 to 100 bar. Ziegler Natta catalysts as well as metallocene catalysts are suitable catalysts. One skilled in the art is aware of the various possibilities to produce propylene homo- and copolymers and will simply find out a suitable procedure to pn^duce suitable polymers which

are used in the present invention, see e.g. Nello Pasquini (Ed.) Polypropyiene Handbook, Hanser, Munich, 2005, pages 15 -141.
The precise control of the polymerisation conditions and reaction parameters is within the
state C7f the art After the polymerisation in the first and the optional second reactor is
finished, the polymer product is recovered by conventional procedures.
The resulting polymer particles may be palletized in a conventional compounding extnjder
with various additives, which are generally used in thermoplastic polymer compositions, such
as stabilisers, antioxidants, acid neutralizing agents, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents,
etc.
Production of propylene homopolymer may be performed in an analogous manner, with the exception, that no comonomer (ethylene) is used in the polymerisation. Heterophasic propylene copolymer
A heterophasic copolymer may be produced by multistage process polymerisation of propylene and ethylene and/or an lobefin such as bulk polymerisation, gas phase polymerisation, slurry polymerisation, solution polymerisation or combinations thereof using conventional catalysts. Those processes are also well known to one skilied in the art.
A preferred process is a combination of a bulk slurry loop reactor(s) and gas phase reactor(s), A matrix polymer can be made either in loop reactors or in a combination of loop and gas phase reactor.
The polymer produced in this way is transferred into another reactor and the disperse phase, an ethylene/a-olefin rubber, is polymerised. Preferably this polymerisation step is done in a gas phase polymerisation.
A suitable catalyst for the polymerisation of a heterophasic propylene copolymer is any stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerisation which is capable of polymerising and copolymerising propylene and comonomers at a temperature of 40 to 110 °C and at a pressure form 10 to 100 bar. Ziegler Natta catalysts as well as metallocene catalysts are suitable catalysts.
One skilied in the ari is aware of the various possibilities to produce such heterophasic systems and will simply find out a suitable procedure to produce suitable heterophasic copolymers which can be used in the present invention.

A heterophasic polyolefin composition may also be produced by mixing and melt Wending a propylene homopolymer with an ethylene/α-olefin rubber.
According to the present invention, the polypropylene cx)mposition has a high amount of polypropylene crystallized in the β -modification. Preferabiy, the amount of p-crystallinity of the potypropylene composition is at least 60%, more preferabiy at least 70%, more preferabiy at least 75%.
Suitable types of ^ucleating agents are
• dicarboxylic acid derivative type diamide compounds from C3-C5-cycloalkyi monoamines
or C6-Ci2-aromatic monoamines and C3-C5-aliphatic, C3-C8-cycloaliphatic or C3-CI 2 aromatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g.
• N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'-
dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicartxixamide and N,N'-dicyclooctyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide,
• N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'-
dicyclohexyi-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide and N,N'-dicyclopentyl-4,4-biphenyldicarboxamide,
• N.N'-di-C3-C8-cycioalkyyi-terephthalamide compounds such as N.N'-
dicyclohexylterephthalamide and N,N'-dicyclopentylterephthalamide,
• N,N'-di-C5-C8-cycloalkyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxamide compounds such as N,N'-
dicyclo-hexyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicartxjxamide and N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,4-cyclopentanedicarboxamide,
• diamine derivative type diamide compounds from C3-C5-cycloallcyl monocarboxylic acids
or C6-Ci2-aromatic monocarboxylic acids and C3-C6-cycloaliphatic or C3-CI 2aromatic diamines, e.g.
• N.N'-C6-CI 2-arylene-bis-benzamide compounds such as N,N'-p-phenylene-bis-
benzamlde and N,N'-1,5-naphthalene-bis-benzamide,
• N.N'-C3-C6-cycloalkyl-bis-benzamide compounds such as N,N'-1,4-cyclopentane-bis-
benzamide and N,N'-1,4-cyclohexane-bis-benzamide,
• N.N'-p-C3-CI 2-arylene-bis-C3-C5-cycloalkyylcarboxamide compounds such as N,N'-1,5-
naphthalene-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide and N,N'-1,4-phenylene-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide, and

• N.N'-C3-C6-cycloalkyl-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide crampounds such as N,N'-1,4-
cyclopentane-bis-cyclohexanecarboxamide and N,N'-1,4-cyclohexane-bis-cyclohexanecarix>xamide,
• amino acid derivative type diamide compounds from amidation reaction of C9-C3-alkyl, C9-
C3-cycloalkyl- or C6-CI 2arylamino acids, C3-C9-alkyl-, C3-C5-cycloalkyl- or C6-CI 2-aromatic monocarboxylic acid chlorides and C3-C5-alkyl-, Cs-CB-cycloallcyl- or C6-CI 2-aromatic mono-amines, e.g.
• N-plienyl-5-(N-benzoyiamino)pentaneamide and N-cyclohexyi-4-(N-cycloliexyl-
carbonylamino)l3enzamide.
Further suitable β-nucleating agents are
• quinacridone type compounds, e.g.
quinacridone, dimetliylquinacridone and dimethoxyquinacridone,
• quinacridonequinone type compounds, e.g.
quinacridonequinone, a mixed crystal of 5,12-dihydro{2,3b)acridine-7,14-dione with quino(2,3b)acridine-6,7,13,14-(5H,12H)-tetrone and dimetlioxyquinacridonequinone and
• diliydroquinacridone type compounds, e.g.
diliydroquinacridone, dimethoxydihydroquinacridone and dibenzodilnydroquinacridone.
StiII further suitable β-nucleating agents are
• salts of dicarboxylic acids with metals of group II of the periodic table, particularly salts of
dicarboxylic acids with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals from group II of the periodic table, e.g. pimelic acid calcium salt and suberic acid calcium salt; and
• mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and salts of metals from group lla of periodic system.
Still further suitable p-nucleating agents are
• salts of metals from group lla of periodic system and imido acids of the formula

wherein x = 1 to 4; R = H, -COOH, CI -CI 2-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloaikyl or C6-Ci2-aryl, and Y = CI -CI 2-alkyl,.C5-C8-cycloalkyl or C6-CI 2-aryl - substituted bivalent C6-CI 3aromatic residues. e.g.
calcium salts of phthaioylgiycine, hexahydrophthaloylglycine, N-phthaloylalanine and/or N-4-methylphthaloylglycine.
Especialty suitable β-nucieating agents are any one or mixtures of N,N'-dicycloliexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide, the β-nudeating agents of EP 177961 and tliose of EP 682066, the disdosure of which patent publicatlons is incorporated herein by reference.
Prefered &-nudeating agents are N,N'-dicydohexyl-2,6-napiitiialene dicarix)xamide, 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione, quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H, 12H)-tetrone, salts of dicarboxyiic adds with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals of group II of the periodic table, and mixtures thereof.
Such p-nudeating agents may be employed in amounts of from 0.0001 to 2.0 wt%, preferably 0.001 to 1.0 wt%, more preferably 0.003 to 0.3 wt% and most preferably 0.003 to 0.25 wt%, based on the weight of the final polypropylene composition. Preferred p-nudeating agents selected from quinacridone pigments illustrated above preferably are used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.01 wt%, such as 0.005 wt%, while other preferred p-nudeating agents selected among the Group II metal salts of dibasic carboxylic acids, such as pimelic add caldum salt and suberic add caldum salt are preferably employed in amounts of 0.05 to 0.3 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%.
It is particularly preferred for the present Invention, that the &-nudeating agent comprises quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone and 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione.
The polypropylene composition of the present invention may further comprise usual additives and auxlliary substances, such as up to 40 wt% of fillers, 0.01 to 2.5 wt% of stabilizers, 0.01 to 1 wt% of processing aids, and 0.1 to 1 wt% of antistatic agents.
A further object of the invention is the use of a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment, an inorganic yellow pigment and polypropylene for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification.

A still further object of the invention is a process for producing a green coloured S-nucleated polypropyiene composition having a high content of S-modification. That object is achieved by melt blending polypropyiene, a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment.
The polypropylene compositions of the present invention may be produced by any one of the following methods
a) by combining the polypropyiene and the R-nucleating agent and the inorganic blue pigment and the inorganic yellow pigment and opüonally additional additives in a melt mixing device and melting. homogenising and pelletlsing the blend. The R-nucleating agent and the inorganic blue pigment and the inorganic yellow pigment may in each case independently be employed in pure form, or preferably in the fonn of masterbatches. Melt mixing devices suited for this process are discontinuous and continuous i^neaders, twin screw extruders and single screw extruders with special mixing sections and co-kneaders.
b) The green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be produced by combining the polypropyiene and the ti-nucleating agent or a masterbatch comprising the li-nucleating agent and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletlsing the blend to obtain a R-nucleated polypropyiene. Subsequently the R-nucleated polypropyiene is combined witii the inorganic blue pigment and the Inorganic yellow pigment or one or more masterbatches comprising the inorganic pigment(s) and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletlsing the blend to obtain the green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene composition.
c) The green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be produced by combining a green coloured polypropyiene comprising an inorganic blue and an inorganic yellow pigment with a R-nucleating agent or a masterbatch comprising the R-nucleating agent and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletising the blend to obtain the green coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene composition.
d) The coloured R-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention may further be
produced by combining a R-nucleated polypropyiene comprising a R-nucleating agent
witii an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment or a masterbatch

comprising the inorganic pigments or more than one masterbarch comptising the inorganic yellow and blue pigment separately and optional additives in a melt mixing device and melting, homogenising and pelletising the blend to obtain the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene composition.
In alt of the above mentioned cases the residence times must be chosen such that a
sufficiently high degree of homogenisation is achieved.
In accordance therewith, the present invention provides moulded articles prepared using the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene composition as defined herein. Preferabiy, the moulded articie is selected among pipes, fittings and other articles required for pipe connections. Pipes as prepared from the polypropyiene composition in accordance with the present invention may be employed for various purposes, in particular pipes in accordance with the present invention may be employed as hot water pipes for household applications and as pipes used for industrial purposes, such as for transporting hot and/or pressurized fluids as well as non-pressurized fluids.
Pipes made trom the green coloured β-nucleated polypropyiene compositions of the invention can be produced with Standard pipe extruders, such as single screw extruders with an L/D of 20 to 40 or twin screw extruders or extruder cascades of homogenizing extruders (single screw or twin screw). Optionally, a melt pump and/or a static mixer can be used additionaliy between the extruder and the ring die head. Ring shaped dies with diameters ranging from approximately 16 to 2000 mm and even greater are possibie.
After ieaving the annular die, the pipe is talken off over a calibrating mandrei, usually accompanied by cooling of the pipe by air cooling and/or water cooling, optionally also with inner water cooling.

Examples
Measurement methods
MFR Melt flow rate
Melt flow rate (MFR) was measured according to ISO 1133, at 230 "C and with a load of 2.16 kg (MFR 2.16 kg/230 X).
Comonomer content
Ethylene content in polypropylene was measured by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A thin film of the sample (thickness approximately 250 urn) was prepared by hot-pressing. The area of -CHa- absorption peak (800 - 650 cm-1) was measured with Perkin Elmer FTIR 1600-spectrometer. The method was calibrated by ethylene content data measured by 13C NMR.
Determination of B-crystallinity
The ft-crystallinity was detemiined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DSC was run according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2 with a scan rate of 10 "C/min. The amount of (i-modification was calculated from the second heat by the foilowing formula:
β-area / (α-area + β-area)
Since the thennodynamically instable β-modification starts to be changed into the more stable a-modification at temperatures above 150 "C, a part of the β-modification is transferred within the heating process of DSC-measurement. Therefore the amount of p-PP determined by DSC is lower as when measured according to the method of Tumer-Jones by WAXS (A. Tumer-Jones et. al., Makromol. Chem 75 (1964) 134).
"Second heat" means, that the sample is heated according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2 for a first time and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 20 "C/min. The sample is then heated a second time, also according to ISO 3146 / part 3 / method C2. This second heat is relevant for measurement and calculation.
During the "first heat" all thermal history of the sample giving rise to different crystalline structure, which typically comes from different processing conditions and/or methods, is destroyed. By using the second heat for determination of B-crystallinity, it is possible to compare samples regardiess of the way the samples were originally manufactured.

Pipe falling weight impact is determined according to EN 1411 on diameter 32 mm pipes with a wall thickness of 4.4 mm at 0°C. The H50 value in millimeters is calculated.
Production of the Pipes
The pipes were produced by feeding the Polypropylene composition In pellet form into a
conventional Cincinnati pipe extaider for extaision with a line speed of about 1 m/min into diameter 32 mm pipes with a wail thickness of 4.4 mm.
Used materials
Polymers: random copolymer of propylene with ethylene. Ethylene content 3.6 wt%. IVIFR = 0.2 g/10 min (2.16 kg, 230 °C).

MB1: 77.01 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 8.0 wt% Cobattblue pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 1345-16-0) 8.0 wt% Bismuthvanadate pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7) 025 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48)

MB2: 77.01 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 16.0 wt% Co/Ni/Zn/Ti-Oxide P.Green 50 (CAS No. 68186-85-6) 0.25 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48)

MBS: 77.26 wt% propylene copolymer (ethylene 3.7 wt%, MFR 2.0 g/10 min) 16.0 wt% Co/Ni/Zn/Ti-Oxide P.Green 50 (CAS No. 68186-85-6)
MB4: 99.15 wt% propylene homopolymer (MFR 10.0 g/10 min)
0.25 wt% Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48)

Cinquasia Gold YT-923-D (quinacridone pigment orange 48) (CAS No. 1503-48-6), which is commerdally available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, was used as &-nucleating agent in the examples.

Polymer l contained the following additives and stabilisers:
0.25 wt% 1,3,5-tri-methyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-dl-tert. butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene
025 wt% Pentaerythrityl-tetrakis(3-(3',5'-di-tert. butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate
0.1 wt% Tris (2,4-di-f-butylphenyl) phosphite
0.03 wt% synthetic hydrotalcite (SHT)
0.07 wt% calcium stearate

Patent claims

1. A green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification, characterised in that the polypropylene composition comprises a β-nucleating agent and an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment.

2. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), C.I. pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I. pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8), C.I. pigment blue 29 (CAS No. 57455-37-5), C.I. pigment blue 35 (CAS No. 68187-05-3) and mixtures thereof.

3. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7), C.I. pigment blue 36 (CAS No. 68187-11-1), C.I, pigment blue 36:1 (CAS No. 74665-01-3), C.I. pigment blue 72 (CAS No. 68186-87-8) and mixtures thereof.

4. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic blue pigment is C.I. pigment blue 28 (CAS No. 68186-86-7).

5. A green coloured polyproylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic yellow pigment is selected from the group consisting of C.I. pigment yellow 53 (CAS No. 71077-18-4), pigment yellow 119 (CAS No. 68187-51-9), C.I. pigment yellow 157 (CAS No. 68610-24-2), C.I. pigment yellow 161 (CAS No. 68611-43-8), C.I. pigment yellow 162 (CAS No. 68611-42-7), C.I. pigment yellow 163 (CAS No. 68186-92-5), C.I. pigment yellow 164 (CAS No. 68412-38-4), C.I. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7), C.I. pigment yellow 189 (CAS No. 69011-05-8) and mixtures thereof.

6. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inorganic yellow pigment is CI. pigment yellow 184 (CAS No. 14059-33-7).

7. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of propylene homopolymers, propylene random copolymers, propylene heterophasic copolymers and mixtures thereof.

8. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, charaterised in that the at least one β-nucleating agent is selected from the group consisting of N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthaiene dicarboxamide, 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3- b)acridine-7,14-dione, quino(2,3-b)acridine-6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone, salts of dicarboxylic acids with at least 7 carbon atoms with metals of group II of the periodic table, and mixtures thereof.

9. A green coloured polypropylene composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the β-nucleating agent comprises quino(2,3-b)acridine- 6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone and 5,12-dihydro-quino(2,3-b)acridine-7,14-dione.

10. Use of a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment, an inorganic yellow pigment and polypropylene for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification.

11. Process for producing a green coloured β-nucleated polypropylene composition having a high content of β-modification, characterised in that polypropylene, a β-nucleating agent, an inorganic blue pigment and an inorganic yellow pigment are melt blended.

12. Moulded article, characterised in that it comprises a polypropylene composition according to one of the claims 1-11.

13. Pipe, characterised in that it comprises a polypropylene composition according to one of the claims 1-11.

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Patent Number

269724

Indian Patent Application Number

4479/CHENP/2010

PG Journal Number

45/2015

Publication Date

06-Nov-2015

Grant Date

03-Nov-2015

Date of Filing

16-Jul-2010

Name of Patentee

BOREALIS TECHNOLOGY OY

Applicant Address

P.O. BOX 330, FI-06101 PORVOO

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	RUEMER, FRANZ	WOHNPARK 11/2, ST. GEORGEN/GUSEN-A-4222

PCT International Classification Number

C08F210/06

PCT International Application Number

PCT/EP09/050576

PCT International Filing date

2009-01-20

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	08100674.4	2008-01-21	EUROPEAN UNION