Title of Invention	CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
Abstract	A method and control nodes for controlling load-based handover in a mobile telecommunications network is proposed and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, comprising the steps of - determining, in the CRNC, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the CRNC, a mobile terminal that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, from the CRNC, the SRNC to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover.

Title of Invention

CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Abstract

A method and control nodes for controlling load-based handover in a mobile telecommunications network is proposed and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, comprising the steps of - determining, in the CRNC, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the CRNC, a mobile terminal that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, from the CRNC, the SRNC to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover.

Full Text	FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & THE PATENTS RULES, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10, rule 13) "CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK" TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), a Swedish Corporation of S-164 83 Stockholm, Sweden The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 Control unit and method for controlling the load in a mobile telecommunications network Technical field The present invention relates to a control node as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for use in a telecommunications network as defined in the preamble of claim 10. Background Mobile telecommunications networks are generally divided into cells, each cell comprising a base station for communicating with mobile terminals within the cell. Therefore, the base stations generally comprise functions for monitoring and controlling the quality of service and the load. In WCDMA networks, the UTRAN comprises one or more base stations controlled by a radio network controller (RNC). According to the standard, the RNC is logically divided into two nodes: the Controlling RNC (CRNC) and the Serving RNC (SRNC). The CRNC is concerned with resource control, that is, keeping the use of resources at a low level without compromising the quality. Resources include all hardware resources in the cell, and also, for example, capacity, interference and encoding. The SRNC monitors and controls the quality of service for each radio connection, including power control, Block Error Rate (BLER), Bit Error Rate (BER). It also keeps track of the type of communication going on in each connection, for example, speech, video or data communication. The SRNC comprises functions for instructing a mobile terminal to perform a handover if the performance becomes too poor. The handover can be performed either by switching to another channel in the WCDMA network or by changing to another network, for example, GSM. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 If more than one RNC is used, the RNCs also comprise a third logical node, the Drift RNC (DRNC). The load in each particular cell should be controlled so that it does not become too high. Object of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to enable a method and apparatus for controlling the load in a particular cell. Summary of the Invention This object is achieved according to the invention by a logical control node for use in a mobile telecommunications network for controlling at least a first base station serving a first cell, said control node comprising functions for controlling resources in said cell and for communicating with a logical service node arranged for controlling quality of service, said logical service node comprising context means for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, said logical control node being characterized in that it comprises - determining means for determining if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selection means for selecting at least one mobile terminal communicating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - control node instruction means for instructing the context means in the logi cal service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover to the other carrier. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 The object is also achieved by a logical service node for use in a mobile telecommunications network, said service node comprising functions for controlling the quality of service, and for communicating with a logical control node arranged to control at least a first base station serving a first cell, said logical service node fur- ther comprising terminal context means for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating in the network to perform a handover, said logical service node being characterized in that the terminal context means is arranged to - receive from said control node instruction means, a handover instruction to order said terminal instruction means to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to per form a handover to another carrier, - instruct said terminal instruction means to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover, when said handover instruction has been received from the control node instruction means. The object is also achieved by a method for use in a mobile telecommunications network comprising at least a first base station serving a first cell, and at least one logical control node for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, said method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of - determining, in the logical control node, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the logical control node, at least one mobile terminal communi- cating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, by the logical control node, said terminal instruction means in the logical service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover to the other carrier, and WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 instructing, by said terminal instruction means, the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover to the other carrier upon receiving said instruction from the control node instruction means. Thus, the invention enables a handover to be performed in order to move one or more mobile terminals if the load in a particular cell becomes too high. Although the current standard comprises functions for initiating a handover if the service is poor, it does not specify functions for performing a handover based on the load in a cell. According to the invention, the fact that the load is managed by the CRNC while handover functions are managed by the SRNC is overcome by letting the CRNC instruct the SRNC to initiate a handover when the CRNC determines that the load is too high. The CRNC also selects the terminals that are to be instructed to perform a handover. This ensures that the terminals that are selected are the ones that should actually be moved, involving a minimum of signalling between the SRNC and the CRNC. Said control node instruction means may be arranged to instruct said context means by means of an RNS AP message over a Iur interface. In this case, the terminal con- text means is arranged to receive the handover instruction from the control node instruction means as an RNSAP message over an Iur interface. This enables communication between a CRNC and an SRNC belonging to different RNCs, which is needed when a mobile terminal initiates communication while in one cell then moves to another cell that is controlled by another RNC. In a preferred embodiment said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 The other carrier may alternatively be a communication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network. In a preferred embodiment, for use in a WCDMA network, the logical service node comprises service indicator means for providing at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal to said selection means in the logical control node. The selection means is arranged to receive at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal from said service node and to base its selection on said service indicator. The service indicator is reported by the exchange in the terrestrial network (MSC or SGSN) to the SRNC when a connection is established. Thus, for the CRNC to perform a selection in this case, the service indicator must be reported from the SRNC to the CRNC. In a preferred embodiment, the service indicator is reported from the SRNC to the CRNC at the establishment of each connection and stored in the CRNC. Alternatively, all service indicators can be reported from the SRNC to the CRNC at certain times, or the CRNC can request the service indicators from the SRNC. The important thing is that the service indicator is available to the CRNC when needed to make a decision about handover. Preferably, the logical service node further comprises handover selection means for selecting the type of handover to be performed. Preferably, the selection means is arranged to base its selection on the type of ser- vice between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal. The terminals that are to perform a handover may be selected on the basis of the type of communication going on between each terminal and the respective base station (speech, CS, multi or packet data). For example it will be suitable to select ter- WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 minals involved in speech communication for handover to GSM since such communication will not suffer from this. The terminals can also be selected on the basis of the service indicator. This is nec- essary if a handover to another network is to be performed. At present four service indicators are used: Should: the terminal should always be handed over to another network if possible Should not: the terminal may be handed over to another network if the quality of service is poor Shall not: the terminal may never by handed over to another network Missing: no service indicator stated. According to a preferred embodiment, mobile terminals having service indicator "should" or "missing" may be selected for handover if the load is too high. The step of selecting at least one mobile terminal may be based on the traffic class, for example, conversational, streaming, interactive or background, between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the selection of at least one mobile terminal may be based on the rate and/or the use of resources in the connection between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal. The invention also relates to a radio control node for use in a CDMA-based telecommunications network, characterized in that it comprises at least one logical con- trol node as defined above. It may also comprise at least one logical service node as defined above, arranged to communicate with the logical control node Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will be described in more detail in the following, with refer- ence to the appended drawings, in which: WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 Figure 1 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising one radio network controller controlling a number of base stations Figure 2 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising more than one radio network controller, each controlling a number of base stations Detailed Description of Embodiments Figure 1 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising one radio network controller (RNC) 1 controlling a number of base stations 3, each capable of communicating, in at least one cell, with a number of mobile terminals 5. As is common in the art, the RNC 1 comprises two logical nodes, a Control RNC (CRNC) 7 and a Service RNC (SRNC) 9. The CRNC 7 is responsible for controlling the load in each of the cells covered by the base stations 3. The CRNC comprises load determining means 11 for determining the load of each cell. If the load of a particular cell exceeds a first threshold, one or more mobile terminals 3 com- municating in this cell should be moved, if possible. The CRNC 7 therefore comprises selection means 13 for selecting the mobile terminal or terminals communicating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold. The CRNC 7 also comprises control node instruction means 15 for instructing the SRNC 9 to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover. The SRNC comprises terminal instruction means 17, 23 arranged to instruct the mobile terminal or terminals to perform a handover. The CRNC and the SRNC are usually, but not necessarily, implemented in the same physical unit called a Radio Network Controller. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the mobile telecommunications network is a WCDMA network. Handover may be performed to another network, or to another frequency in the WCDMA network. In the discussion below it is assumed that the handover should be to another network, such as a GSM network. According to the WCDMA standard, each terminal engaged in communication has a service indica- tor, also called a service handover, assigned to it. The service indicator is communi- WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 cated from an exchange (MSC or SGSN) to a service indicator unit 19 in the SRNC 9. According to this embodiment of the invention, the service indicator unit 19 is arranged to make the service indicator for each connection available to the selection means 13 of the CRNC 7 and the selection means 13 is arranged to base the selec- tion of terminals that are to be moved on the service indicators. The different service indicators, how they should be reported to the selection means 13 and how they may be used in determining which terminals to move, are discussed above. When the selection means 13 has selected the terminal or terminals that are to be in- structed to perform a handover to reduce the load in the current cell, it informs the control node instruction means 15 in the CRNC, which instructs a terminal context unit 21 in the SRNC 9 to activate the actions needed for initiating a handover. As, in this case, the handover is to be made from one network (that is, WCDMA) to a different network (that is, GSM), this involves sending an Inter-radio Access Technol- ogy (IRAT) action from the control node instruction means 15 to the terminal context unit 21 for initiating an IRAT HO. The terminal context unit 21, in turn, would instruct an IRAT HO unit 17 to instruct the selected terminal or terminals to perform a handover to the GSM network. Alternatively, the handover could be made to another cell within the same network, in which the load was not so high. In this case, an inter-frequency handover would be carried out. The terminal context unit 21 would then instruct an IF HO unit 25 to instruct the selected terminal or terminals to perform a handover to a selected frequency. Since inter-frequency handover can be performed regardless of the service indicator, the communication between the service indicator unit 19 and the selection unit 13 shown in Figure 1 is not needed in this case. The type of handover to be performed, that is, interfrequency or to another network, is usually decided by the terminal context means 21 in the SRNC 9. It would also be possible to make the decision in the CRNC and include this information in the mes- WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 sage from the CRNC to the terminal context means 21. Alternatively, the CRNC can inform the terminal context means 21 of the preferred type of handover but leave the final decision to the terminal context means. The terminals that are to perform a handover may also be selected on the basis of the type of communication going on between each terminal and the respective base station (speech, CS, multi or packet data). For example it will be suitable to select terminals involved in speech communication for handover to GSM since such communication will not suffer from this. Other parameters that may be used in the decision include the communication rate and the use of resources. The type of communication and/or other parameters can be used in combination with the service indicator. When a handover has been requested from the control node instruction means 15, the terminal context means 21 preferably responds to the control node instruction means 15 to inform it whether or not the handover was performed successfully. The response may be in the form of an acknowledgement when handover was successful and/or a negative acknowledgement when handover was not successful. It may be feasible to let the negative acknowledgement indicate if the handover was not completed because terminal instruction means decided that it should not be carried out, or if it failed for some other reason. Figure 2 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising a first and a second radio network controller (RNC) 31,33, each controlling a number of base stations 3. Each base station 3 serves at least one cell, communicating with mobile terminals in the cell. As before, each RNC 31,33 comprises a logical control node 7 and a logical service node, 9 similar to the logical control node and the logical service node of the RNC 1 of Figure 1. To enable communication between the different RNCs 31, 33 the second RNC 33 comprises a logical node called the Drift RNC (DRNC) 35. The skilled person is familiar with the communication between RNCs. Figure 2 illustrates a situation when a mobile terminal has started to commu- WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 nicate with a base station 3 controlled by a first RNC 31 and has later performed a handover to another base station 3 controlled by a second RNC 33. In this case, the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 is still responsible for the quality of service of the communication. The load management is, for practical reasons, per- formed by the logical control node 7 of the second RNC 33. Thus, the two RNCs 31, 33 are both involved in monitoring and controlling the connection. The CRNC 7 of the second RNC 33 communicates with the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 through the DRNC 35 of the second RNC33. The logical control node 7 of the first RNC 31 and the logical service node 9 of the second RNC 33 are not involved in this example. The SRNC 9 of the second RNC 33 is not needed in this example. The logical control node 7 of the second RNC 33 and the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 can be implemented in essentially the same way as shown in Figure 1, the only difference being that the communication passes through the DRNC 35 of the second RNC 33. Thus, the service indicator unit 19 of the first RNC 31 is arranged, to make the service indicator for each connection available to the selection means 13 of the control means 7 of the second RNC 33 through the DRNC 35. Similarly, the control node instruction means 15 in the CRNC 7 instructs the terminal context unit 21 in the SRNC 9, through the DRNC 35 of the second RNC 33, to activate the actions needed for initiating a handover. Between the RNC nodes 31,33 there is an interface Iur, which is defined in the WCDMA standard and is therefore well known to the skilled person. As the skilled person is aware, the Iur interface is adapted to a protocol called the Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol (RNSAP). The new messages needed according to the invention can easily be implemented in this protocol. For internal communication between an SRNC and a CRNC in the same RNC no standard has been specified. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 Claims 1. A logical control node (7) for use in a mobile telecommunications network for controlling at least a first base station (3) serving a first cell, said control node (7) comprising functions for controlling resources in said cell and for communicating with a logical service node (9) arranged to control quality of service, said logical service node (9) comprising context means (21) for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means (17, 25) for instructing a mobile terminal (3) communicating with said at least first base station (1) to perform a handover, said logical control node (7) being characterized in that it comprises - determining means (11) for determining if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selection means (13) for selecting at least one mobile terminal communicat- ing with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - control node instruction means (15) for instructing the context means (21) in the logical service node (9) to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to per form a handover to the other carrier. 2. A control node according to claim 1, wherein said control node instruction means (15) is arranged to instruct said context means (21) by means of an RNSAP message over a Iur interface. 3. A control node according to claim 1 or 2, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 4. A control node according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said other carrier is a commu nication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network. 5. A logical control node according to any one of the preceding claims, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein the selection means is arranged to receive at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal from said service node (9) and to base its selection on said service indicator. 6. A logical control node according to claim 5, further comprising means for re- questing said at least one service indicator from the service node (9). 7. A logical control node according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection means is arranged to base its selection on the type of service between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal. 8. A logical service node (9) for use in a mobile telecommunications network, said service node (9) comprising functions (9) for controlling the quality of service, and for communicating with a logical control node (7) arranged to control at least a first base station (3) serving a first cell, said logical service node (9) further comprising terminal context means (21) for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means (17) for instructing a mobile terminal (3) communicating in the network to perform a handover, said logical service node (9) being characterized in that the terminal context means (21) is arranged to - receive from said control node instruction means (15), a handover instruction to order said terminal instruction means (17, 25) to instruct the at least one mobile ter minal to perform a handover to another carrier, - instruct said terminal instruction means (17, 25) to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover, when said handover instruction has been received from the control node instruction means (15). WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 9. A logical service node according to claim 8, wherein the terminal context means (21) is arranged to receive the handover instruction from the control node instruction means (15) as an RNSAP message over an Iur interface. 10. A logical service node according to claim 8 or 9, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same mobile telecommunications network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. 10 11. A logical service node according to claim 8, wherein said other carrier is a com munication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network. 12. A logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-11, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said logical service node comprises service indicator means (19) for providing at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal to said selection means (13) in the logical control node. 13. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator on request from the logical control node. 14. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator at the start of a connection. 15. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator at certain times. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 16. A logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-15, further comprising handover selection means (21) for selecting the type of handover to be performed. 17. A method for use in a mobile telecommunications network comprising at least a first base station serving a first cell, and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base 10 station to perform a handover, said method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of - determining, in the logical control node, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the logical control node, at least one mobile terminal communi- eating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another car- rier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, by the logical control node, said terminal instruction means in the logical service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover to the other carrier, and - instructing, by said terminal instruction means, the at least one mobile termi- nal to perform a handover to the other carrier upon receiving said instruction from the control node instruction means. 18. A method according to claim 17, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. 19. A method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein said other carrier is a communi- cation channel in a different mobile telecommunications network. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 20. A method according to claim any one of the claims 17-19, for use in a WCDMA network, further comprising the step of providing to the selection means, by said logical service node, at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile termi- nal, and said selection means selecting said at least one mobile terminal based on said service indicator. 21. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least one service indicator on request from the logical control node. 22. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least one service indicator at the start of a connection. 23. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least one service indicator at certain times. 24. A method according to any one of the claims 17-23, wherein the step of select ing at least one mobile terminal is based on the type of communication, for example, conversational, streaming, interactive or background, between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal. 25. A method according to any one of the claims 17-24, wherein the step of select ing at least one mobile terminal is based on the rate and/or the use of resources in the connection between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile ter- minal. 26. A radio control node for use in a CDMA-based telecommunications network, characterized in that it comprises at least one logical control node according to any one of the claims 1-7. WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224 27. A radio control node according to claim 26, further comprising at least one logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-16 arranged to communicate with the logical control node. ABSTRACT "CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK" A method and control nodes for controlling load-based handover in a mobile telecommunications network is proposed and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, comprising the steps of - determining, in the CRNC, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the CRNC, a mobile terminal that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, from the CRNC, the SRNC to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover.

Full Text

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10, rule 13)
"CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK"
TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), a Swedish Corporation of S-164 83 Stockholm, Sweden
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

WO 2006/088398

PCT/SE2005/000224

Control unit and method for controlling the load in a mobile telecommunications network
Technical field
The present invention relates to a control node as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for use in a telecommunications network as defined in the preamble of claim 10.
Background
Mobile telecommunications networks are generally divided into cells, each cell
comprising a base station for communicating with mobile terminals within the cell.
Therefore, the base stations generally comprise functions for monitoring and controlling the quality of service and the load.

In WCDMA networks, the UTRAN comprises one or more base stations controlled by a radio network controller (RNC). According to the standard, the RNC is logically divided into two nodes: the Controlling RNC (CRNC) and the Serving RNC (SRNC).
The CRNC is concerned with resource control, that is, keeping the use of resources at a low level without compromising the quality. Resources include all hardware resources in the cell, and also, for example, capacity, interference and encoding. The SRNC monitors and controls the quality of service for each radio connection, including power control, Block Error Rate (BLER), Bit Error Rate (BER). It also
keeps track of the type of communication going on in each connection, for example, speech, video or data communication. The SRNC comprises functions for instructing a mobile terminal to perform a handover if the performance becomes too poor. The handover can be performed either by switching to another channel in the WCDMA network or by changing to another network, for example, GSM.

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If more than one RNC is used, the RNCs also comprise a third logical node, the Drift RNC (DRNC).
The load in each particular cell should be controlled so that it does not become too high.
Object of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to enable a method and apparatus for controlling the load in a particular cell.

Summary of the Invention
This object is achieved according to the invention by a logical control node for use in a mobile telecommunications network for controlling at least a first base station serving a first cell, said control node comprising functions for controlling resources
in said cell and for communicating with a logical service node arranged for controlling quality of service,
said logical service node comprising context means for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover,
said logical control node being characterized in that it comprises
- determining means for determining if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold,
- selection means for selecting at least one mobile terminal communicating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if
the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and
- control node instruction means for instructing the context means in the logi
cal service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a
handover to the other carrier.

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The object is also achieved by a logical service node for use in a mobile telecommunications network, said service node comprising functions for controlling the quality of service, and for communicating with a logical control node arranged to control at least a first base station serving a first cell, said logical service node fur- ther comprising terminal context means for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating in the network to perform a handover, said logical service node being characterized in that the terminal context means is arranged to
- receive from said control node instruction means, a handover instruction to order
said terminal instruction means to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to per
form a handover to another carrier,
- instruct said terminal instruction means to instruct the at least one mobile terminal
to perform a handover, when said handover instruction has been received from the
control node instruction means.

The object is also achieved by a method for use in a mobile telecommunications network comprising at least a first base station serving a first cell, and at least one logical control node for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises
terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, said method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of
- determining, in the logical control node, if the load in the cell exceeds a first
threshold,
- selecting, in the logical control node, at least one mobile terminal communi-
cating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and
- instructing, by the logical control node, said terminal instruction means in the
logical service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a
handover to the other carrier, and

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
instructing, by said terminal instruction means, the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover to the other carrier upon receiving said instruction from the control node instruction means.
Thus, the invention enables a handover to be performed in order to move one or
more mobile terminals if the load in a particular cell becomes too high. Although the current standard comprises functions for initiating a handover if the service is poor, it does not specify functions for performing a handover based on the load in a cell.
According to the invention, the fact that the load is managed by the CRNC while
handover functions are managed by the SRNC is overcome by letting the CRNC instruct the SRNC to initiate a handover when the CRNC determines that the load is too high. The CRNC also selects the terminals that are to be instructed to perform a handover. This ensures that the terminals that are selected are the ones that should
actually be moved, involving a minimum of signalling between the SRNC and the CRNC.
Said control node instruction means may be arranged to instruct said context means by means of an RNS AP message over a Iur interface. In this case, the terminal con-
text means is arranged to receive the handover instruction from the control node instruction means as an RNSAP message over an Iur interface. This enables communication between a CRNC and an SRNC belonging to different RNCs, which is needed when a mobile terminal initiates communication while in one cell then moves to another cell that is controlled by another RNC.

In a preferred embodiment said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency.

WO 2006/088398

PCT/SE2005/000224

The other carrier may alternatively be a communication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network.
In a preferred embodiment, for use in a WCDMA network, the logical service node comprises service indicator means for providing at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal to said selection means in the logical control node. The selection means is arranged to receive at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal from said service node and to base its selection on said service indicator.

The service indicator is reported by the exchange in the terrestrial network (MSC or SGSN) to the SRNC when a connection is established. Thus, for the CRNC to perform a selection in this case, the service indicator must be reported from the SRNC to the CRNC. In a preferred embodiment, the service indicator is reported from the
SRNC to the CRNC at the establishment of each connection and stored in the
CRNC. Alternatively, all service indicators can be reported from the SRNC to the CRNC at certain times, or the CRNC can request the service indicators from the SRNC. The important thing is that the service indicator is available to the CRNC when needed to make a decision about handover.

Preferably, the logical service node further comprises handover selection means for selecting the type of handover to be performed.
Preferably, the selection means is arranged to base its selection on the type of ser- vice between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal.
The terminals that are to perform a handover may be selected on the basis of the type of communication going on between each terminal and the respective base station (speech, CS, multi or packet data). For example it will be suitable to select ter-

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224

minals involved in speech communication for handover to GSM since such communication will not suffer from this.
The terminals can also be selected on the basis of the service indicator. This is nec- essary if a handover to another network is to be performed. At present four service indicators are used:
Should: the terminal should always be handed over to another network if possible Should not: the terminal may be handed over to another network if the quality of service is poor
Shall not: the terminal may never by handed over to another network
Missing: no service indicator stated.
According to a preferred embodiment, mobile terminals having service indicator "should" or "missing" may be selected for handover if the load is too high.
The step of selecting at least one mobile terminal may be based on the traffic class, for example, conversational, streaming, interactive or background, between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal.
Alternatively, or in addition to this, the selection of at least one mobile terminal may be based on the rate and/or the use of resources in the connection between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal.
The invention also relates to a radio control node for use in a CDMA-based telecommunications network, characterized in that it comprises at least one logical con- trol node as defined above. It may also comprise at least one logical service node as defined above, arranged to communicate with the logical control node
Brief Description of the Drawings
The present invention will be described in more detail in the following, with refer- ence to the appended drawings, in which:

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
Figure 1 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising one radio network controller controlling a number of base stations Figure 2 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising more than one radio network controller, each controlling a number of base stations
Detailed Description of Embodiments
Figure 1 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising one radio network controller (RNC) 1 controlling a number of base stations 3, each capable of communicating, in at least one cell, with a number of mobile terminals 5.
As is common in the art, the RNC 1 comprises two logical nodes, a Control RNC (CRNC) 7 and a Service RNC (SRNC) 9. The CRNC 7 is responsible for controlling the load in each of the cells covered by the base stations 3. The CRNC comprises load determining means 11 for determining the load of each cell. If the load of a particular cell exceeds a first threshold, one or more mobile terminals 3 com-
municating in this cell should be moved, if possible. The CRNC 7 therefore comprises selection means 13 for selecting the mobile terminal or terminals communicating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold. The CRNC 7 also comprises control node instruction means 15 for instructing the SRNC 9 to instruct the at least one
mobile terminal to perform a handover. The SRNC comprises terminal instruction means 17, 23 arranged to instruct the mobile terminal or terminals to perform a handover. The CRNC and the SRNC are usually, but not necessarily, implemented in the same physical unit called a Radio Network Controller.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the mobile telecommunications network is a WCDMA network. Handover may be performed to another network, or to another frequency in the WCDMA network. In the discussion below it is assumed that the handover should be to another network, such as a GSM network. According to the WCDMA standard, each terminal engaged in communication has a service indica-
tor, also called a service handover, assigned to it. The service indicator is communi-

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
cated from an exchange (MSC or SGSN) to a service indicator unit 19 in the SRNC 9. According to this embodiment of the invention, the service indicator unit 19 is arranged to make the service indicator for each connection available to the selection means 13 of the CRNC 7 and the selection means 13 is arranged to base the selec- tion of terminals that are to be moved on the service indicators. The different service indicators, how they should be reported to the selection means 13 and how they may be used in determining which terminals to move, are discussed above.
When the selection means 13 has selected the terminal or terminals that are to be in- structed to perform a handover to reduce the load in the current cell, it informs the control node instruction means 15 in the CRNC, which instructs a terminal context unit 21 in the SRNC 9 to activate the actions needed for initiating a handover. As, in this case, the handover is to be made from one network (that is, WCDMA) to a different network (that is, GSM), this involves sending an Inter-radio Access Technol- ogy (IRAT) action from the control node instruction means 15 to the terminal context unit 21 for initiating an IRAT HO. The terminal context unit 21, in turn, would instruct an IRAT HO unit 17 to instruct the selected terminal or terminals to perform a handover to the GSM network.
Alternatively, the handover could be made to another cell within the same network, in which the load was not so high. In this case, an inter-frequency handover would be carried out. The terminal context unit 21 would then instruct an IF HO unit 25 to instruct the selected terminal or terminals to perform a handover to a selected frequency. Since inter-frequency handover can be performed regardless of the service
indicator, the communication between the service indicator unit 19 and the selection unit 13 shown in Figure 1 is not needed in this case.
The type of handover to be performed, that is, interfrequency or to another network,
is usually decided by the terminal context means 21 in the SRNC 9. It would also be
possible to make the decision in the CRNC and include this information in the mes-

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sage from the CRNC to the terminal context means 21. Alternatively, the CRNC can inform the terminal context means 21 of the preferred type of handover but leave the final decision to the terminal context means.
The terminals that are to perform a handover may also be selected on the basis of the type of communication going on between each terminal and the respective base station (speech, CS, multi or packet data). For example it will be suitable to select terminals involved in speech communication for handover to GSM since such communication will not suffer from this. Other parameters that may be used in the decision include the communication rate and the use of resources. The type of communication and/or other parameters can be used in combination with the service indicator.
When a handover has been requested from the control node instruction means 15, the terminal context means 21 preferably responds to the control node instruction
means 15 to inform it whether or not the handover was performed successfully. The response may be in the form of an acknowledgement when handover was successful and/or a negative acknowledgement when handover was not successful. It may be feasible to let the negative acknowledgement indicate if the handover was not completed because terminal instruction means decided that it should not be carried out,
or if it failed for some other reason.
Figure 2 is an overview of a mobile telecommunications network comprising a first and a second radio network controller (RNC) 31,33, each controlling a number of base stations 3. Each base station 3 serves at least one cell, communicating with
mobile terminals in the cell. As before, each RNC 31,33 comprises a logical control node 7 and a logical service node, 9 similar to the logical control node and the logical service node of the RNC 1 of Figure 1. To enable communication between the different RNCs 31, 33 the second RNC 33 comprises a logical node called the Drift RNC (DRNC) 35. The skilled person is familiar with the communication between
RNCs. Figure 2 illustrates a situation when a mobile terminal has started to commu-

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224

nicate with a base station 3 controlled by a first RNC 31 and has later performed a handover to another base station 3 controlled by a second RNC 33. In this case, the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 is still responsible for the quality of service of the communication. The load management is, for practical reasons, per- formed by the logical control node 7 of the second RNC 33. Thus, the two RNCs 31, 33 are both involved in monitoring and controlling the connection. The CRNC 7 of the second RNC 33 communicates with the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 through the DRNC 35 of the second RNC33. The logical control node 7 of the first RNC 31 and the logical service node 9 of the second RNC 33 are not involved in this example. The SRNC 9 of the second RNC 33 is not needed in this example.
The logical control node 7 of the second RNC 33 and the logical service node 9 of the first RNC 31 can be implemented in essentially the same way as shown in Figure 1, the only difference being that the communication passes through the DRNC 35 of
the second RNC 33. Thus, the service indicator unit 19 of the first RNC 31 is arranged, to make the service indicator for each connection available to the selection means 13 of the control means 7 of the second RNC 33 through the DRNC 35. Similarly, the control node instruction means 15 in the CRNC 7 instructs the terminal context unit 21 in the SRNC 9, through the DRNC 35 of the second RNC 33, to
activate the actions needed for initiating a handover.
Between the RNC nodes 31,33 there is an interface Iur, which is defined in the WCDMA standard and is therefore well known to the skilled person. As the skilled person is aware, the Iur interface is adapted to a protocol called the Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol (RNSAP). The new messages needed according to the invention can easily be implemented in this protocol. For internal communication between an SRNC and a CRNC in the same RNC no standard has been specified.

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
Claims
1. A logical control node (7) for use in a mobile telecommunications network for
controlling at least a first base station (3) serving a first cell, said control node (7)
comprising functions for controlling resources in said cell and for communicating with a logical service node (9) arranged to control quality of service, said logical service node (9) comprising context means (21) for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means (17, 25) for instructing a mobile terminal (3) communicating with said at least first base station (1) to perform a
handover,
said logical control node (7) being characterized in that it comprises
- determining means (11) for determining if the load in the cell exceeds a first
threshold,
- selection means (13) for selecting at least one mobile terminal communicat-
ing with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another carrier
if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and
- control node instruction means (15) for instructing the context means (21) in
the logical service node (9) to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to per
form a handover to the other carrier.

2. A control node according to claim 1, wherein said control node instruction means
(15) is arranged to instruct said context means (21) by means of an RNSAP message
over a Iur interface.
3. A control node according to claim 1 or 2, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency.

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
4. A control node according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said other carrier is a commu
nication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network.
5. A logical control node according to any one of the preceding claims, for use in a
WCDMA network, wherein the selection means is arranged to receive at least one
service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal from said service node (9) and to base its selection on said service indicator.
6. A logical control node according to claim 5, further comprising means for re-
questing said at least one service indicator from the service node (9).
7. A logical control node according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the
selection means is arranged to base its selection on the type of service between the
at least one base station and the at least one mobile terminal.

8. A logical service node (9) for use in a mobile telecommunications network, said
service node (9) comprising functions (9) for controlling the quality of service, and
for communicating with a logical control node (7) arranged to control at least a first
base station (3) serving a first cell, said logical service node (9) further comprising
terminal context means (21) for initiating actions needed for a handover, and terminal instruction means (17) for instructing a mobile terminal (3) communicating in the network to perform a handover, said logical service node (9) being characterized in that the terminal context means (21) is arranged to
- receive from said control node instruction means (15), a handover instruction to
order said terminal instruction means (17, 25) to instruct the at least one mobile ter
minal to perform a handover to another carrier,
- instruct said terminal instruction means (17, 25) to instruct the at least one mobile
terminal to perform a handover, when said handover instruction has been received
from the control node instruction means (15).

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224

9. A logical service node according to claim 8, wherein the terminal context means (21) is arranged to receive the handover instruction from the control node instruction means (15) as an RNSAP message over an Iur interface.
10. A logical service node according to claim 8 or 9, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same mobile telecommunications network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. 10
11. A logical service node according to claim 8, wherein said other carrier is a com
munication channel in a different mobile telecommunications network.
12. A logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-11, for use in a
WCDMA network, wherein said logical service node comprises service indicator
means (19) for providing at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile terminal to said selection means (13) in the logical control node.
13. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator
means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator on request from the logical control node.
14. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator
means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator at the start of a
connection.
15. A logical service node according to claim 12, wherein the service indicator
means (19) is arranged to provide said at least one service indicator at certain times.

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
16. A logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-15, further comprising handover selection means (21) for selecting the type of handover to be performed.
17. A method for use in a mobile telecommunications network comprising at least a first base station serving a first cell, and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base 10 station to perform a handover,
said method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of
- determining, in the logical control node, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold,
- selecting, in the logical control node, at least one mobile terminal communi-
eating with the at least first base station, that should be moved to another car-
rier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and
- instructing, by the logical control node, said terminal instruction means in the
logical service node to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a
handover to the other carrier, and
- instructing, by said terminal instruction means, the at least one mobile termi-
nal to perform a handover to the other carrier upon receiving said instruction from the control node instruction means.
18. A method according to claim 17, for use in a WCDMA network, wherein said at
least one mobile terminal communicates with the at least first base station on a first
frequency and said other carrier is a communication channel in the same network using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency.
19. A method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein said other carrier is a communi-
cation channel in a different mobile telecommunications network.

WO 2006/088398 PCT/SE2005/000224
20. A method according to claim any one of the claims 17-19, for use in a WCDMA
network, further comprising the step of providing to the selection means, by said
logical service node, at least one service indicator for said at least one mobile termi-
nal, and said selection means selecting said at least one mobile terminal based on said service indicator.
21. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least
one service indicator on request from the logical control node.

22. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least
one service indicator at the start of a connection.
23. A method according to claim 20, comprising the step of providing said at least
one service indicator at certain times.
24. A method according to any one of the claims 17-23, wherein the step of select
ing at least one mobile terminal is based on the type of communication, for example,
conversational, streaming, interactive or background, between the at least one base
station and the at least one mobile terminal.
25. A method according to any one of the claims 17-24, wherein the step of select
ing at least one mobile terminal is based on the rate and/or the use of resources in
the connection between the at least one base station and the at least one mobile ter-
minal.
26. A radio control node for use in a CDMA-based telecommunications network,
characterized in that it comprises at least one logical control node according to any
one of the claims 1-7.

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PCT/SE2005/000224

27. A radio control node according to claim 26, further comprising at least one logical service node according to any one of the claims 8-16 arranged to communicate with the logical control node.

ABSTRACT
"CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD IN A MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK"
A method and control nodes for controlling load-based handover in a mobile telecommunications network is proposed and at least one logical control node (7) for controlling resources in said cell and at least one logical service node (9) for controlling quality of service, wherein said logical service node comprises terminal instruction means for instructing a mobile terminal communicating with said at least first base station to perform a handover, comprising the steps of - determining, in the CRNC, if the load in the cell exceeds a first threshold, - selecting, in the CRNC, a mobile terminal that should be moved to another carrier if the load in the cell exceeds the first threshold, and - instructing, from the CRNC, the SRNC to instruct the at least one mobile terminal to perform a handover.

Documents:

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Patent Number

270604

Indian Patent Application Number

1298/MUMNP/2007

PG Journal Number

02/2016

Publication Date

08-Jan-2016

Grant Date

01-Jan-2016

Date of Filing

27-Aug-2007

Name of Patentee

TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)

Applicant Address

S-STOCKHOLM,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	KARLSSON PATRIK	HASSELNOTSVAGEN 59, 1 TR., S-138 34 ALTA
2	CONSTANTINE JOE	1000 EAST OCCAN BLVD, UNIT 404 LONG BEACH,CA 90802

PCT International Classification Number

H04Q7/38

PCT International Application Number

PCT/SE2005/000224

PCT International Filing date

2005-02-18

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA