Title of Invention	A METHOD AND A SYSTEM TO CONTROL VARIABLE VALVE LIFT SYSTEM OF THE ENGINE
Abstract	A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system. A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay.

Title of Invention

A METHOD AND A SYSTEM TO CONTROL VARIABLE VALVE LIFT SYSTEM OF THE ENGINE

Abstract

A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system. A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay.

Full Text	VARIABLE VALVE LIFT TRANSITION CONTROL METHODS AND SYSTEMS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/981.276, filed on October 19, 2007. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD [0002] The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for controlling variable valve actuation systems. BACKGROUND [0003] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art. [0004] Intake valves control the entry of an air/fuel mixture into cylinders of an internal combustion engine (ICE). Exhaust valves control the exit of gases from the cylinders of an intemal combustion engine. Camshaft lobes (or "cam lobes") on a camshaft push against the valves to open the valves as the camshaft rotates. Springs on the valves return the valves to a closed position. The timing, duration, and degree of the opening, or "valve lift," of the valves can impact performance. [0005] Variable valve actuation (WA) technology improves fuel economy, engine efficiency, and/or performance by modifying the valve event lift. timing, and duration as a function of engine operating conditions. Two-step WA systems enable two discrete valve events on the intake and/or exhaust valves. The engine control module (ECM) selects the optimal valve event profile that is best utilized for each engine operating condition. [0006] An issue in the development and application of VVA system is the response time variability of the control system and hardware. A limited amount of time is available for switching a Switching Roller Finger Follower (SRFF) between engaging and disengaging. If the control valve causes a fluid pressure change in a lifter fluid gallery to occur too soon relative to a valve lift curve, a SRFF arm lock pin may only partially engage and then disengage after the valve has started lifting. This unscheduled disengagement may cause the engine valve to drop from the high-lift valve event to the low-lift valve event, or on to the valve seat. After a number of such events, the SRFF arm or the valve may show signs of accelerated wear or damage. SUMMARY [0007] Accordingly, a system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine, comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system. A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay. [0008] In other features, the variable valve control module commands the first transition and the second transition based on a range of crankshaft angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay. The range is defined by a maximum crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular position, and wherein the variable valve control module adjusts the range by subtracting the total delay from at least one of the maximum crankshaft angular position and the minimum crankshaft angular position. [0009] In other features, an engine control module controls one of throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser movement based on the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. The engine control module adjusts the control of the at least one of the throttle position, the spark timing, and the camshaft phaser movement prior to the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. [0010] In other features, an engine control module controls engine torque based on the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. The engine control module controls engine torque after the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. [0011] In other features, the variable valve control module commands the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high- lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine torque. [0012] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0013] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. [0014] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary six- cylinder engine including a variable valve lift (VVL) system according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [0015] Figure 2 is a dataflow diagram illustrating an exemplary WL control system according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [0016] Figures 3 through 5 are flowcharts illustrating an exemplary WL control method according to various aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0017] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features. As used herein, the term module refers to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable components that provide the described functionality. [0018] Referring now to Figure 1, an engine system 10 includes an engine 12 that combusts an air/fuel mixture to produce drive torque. Air is drawn into an intake manifold 14 through a throttle 16. The throttle 16 regulates air flow into the intake manifold 14. Air within the intake manifold 14 is distributed into cylinders 18. Although six cylinders are illustrated, the engine 12 may include additional or fewer cylinders 18. For example, engines having 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 cylinders are contemplated. Although Figure 1 depicts the cylinders in a V-shaped configuration, it is appreciated that the cylinders 18 can be implemented in an inline configuration. A fuel injector 19 injects fuel that is combined with air as it is drawn into the cylinder 18. A fuel injection system (not shown) regulates (timing, amount, etc.) the fuel injector 19 to provide a desired air-to-fuel ratio within each cylinder 18. [0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, each cylinder 18 may include an intake valve 20 and an exhaust valve 21. The intake valve 20 selectively opens and closes to enable the air and/or air/fuel mixture to enter the cylinders 18. Intake camshafts 24 regulate intake valve open and close events. The exhaust valves 21 selectively open and close to enable the exhaust to exit the cylinders 18. Exhaust valve open and close events are regulated by exhaust camshafts 32. Although a single intake valve 20 and a single exhaust valve 21 are shown per cylinder 18, multiple intake valves and multiple exhaust valves can be configured per cylinder 18. [0020] A piston (not shown) compresses the air/fuel mixture within the cylinder 18. A spark plug (not shown) initiates combustion of the air/fuel mixture. The piston drives a crankshaft (not shown) to produce drive torque. The crankshaft drives the intake and exhaust camshafts 24, 32 using a timing chain (not shown). It is appreciated that dual intake camshafts and dual exhaust camshafts may be implemented. An engine speed sensor 35 generates an engine speed signal indicating the rotational speed of the engine 12 in revolutions per minute {RPM). [0021] The engine 12 may include intake cam phasers 36 and exhaust cam phasers 38 that adjust the rotational timing of the intake and exhaust camshafts 24, 32, respectively. More specifically, a phase angle of the intake and exhaust cam phasers 36, 38 may be retarded or advanced to control relative timing of the intake and exhaust camshafts 24, 32. [0022] A variable valve (WL) system 39 interacts with the camshafts 24, 32 to regulate valve open and close events. The WL system 39 includes a plurality of switching roller finger followers (SRFFs) 40. Each SRFF 40 includes a low-lift contact that interfaces with a low-lift cam lobe (not shown) affixed to the camshafts 24, 32 and one or more high-lift contacts (not shown) that interface with one or more high-lift cams lobes (not shown) affixed to the camshafts 24, 32. As the camshafts 24, 32 rotate, the cam lobes contact the SRFFs 40 which, in turn, open and close the respective valve or valves 20, 21. Each SRFF 40 is controlled such that the valves 20, 21 are selectively operated according to at least one of a low-lift profile and a high-lift profile. In particular, pressurized fluid is supplied by a solenoid operated valve 42 to the SRFF 40 to release and/or engage a locking pin 44. The locking pin 44 serves to activate and deactivate the low-lift contact and/or the high-lift contact. [0023] A control module 50 controls the supply of pressurized fluid to each SRFF 40 system to engage and disengage the locking pins 44. In particular, the control module 50 commands the supply of fluid pressure such that inadvertent locking pin disengagement does not occur. In various embodiments, the control module 50 schedules the transition between the high- lift profile and the low-lift profile by: first computing a current time delay in degrees of crankshaft rotation; and, then, applying the time delay to known locations where an incomplete locking pin engagement is feasible to determine a crankshaft angular position where the command should be initiated. The command is then initiated at that time to eliminate the undesirable, unscheduled, disengagements and their associated audibles. [0024] Referring now to Figure 2, a WL control system 49 is shown that may be embedded within the control module 50. Various embodiments of WL control systems 49 according to the present disclosure may include any number of sub-modules embedded within the control module 50. As can be appreciated, the sub-modules shown may be combined and/or further partitioned to similarly control the WL system 39 and/or other engine components. Inputs to the WL control system 49 may be sensed from the engine system 10 (Figure 1), received from other control modules (not shown), and/or determined by other sub-modules (not shown) within the control module 50. In various embodiments, the control module 50 of Figure 2 includes a delay determination module 52, a transition determination module 54, a state transition module 58, and an engine control module 56. [0025] The delay determination module 52 estimates a total time delay 68 based on measured and/or estimated time delays associated with the hardware involved in controlling the WL system 39 (Figure 1). In various embodiments, the delay determination module 52 estimates a total time delay 68 based on a time delay associated with the control solenoid (tsolenoid). a time delay associated with the pressure rise (tcontrol_pressure_rise), and a time delay associated with the actuator (taduator). In various embodiments, the total time delay 68 can be estimated based on the following equation: The control solenoid time delay (tsolenoid) can be estimated as a function of voltage (V) and oil temperature {Toil}, as shown as: The control pressure rise time delay (tcontrol_pressure_rise) can be estimated as a function of oil supply pressure (Psupply) and oil temperature (Toil), as shown as: The actuator time delay (tactuator) can be estimated as a function of control pressure (Pcontrol) and oil temperature (Toil), as shown as: [0026] Based on the total time delay 68 and a current engine speed (RPM) 66, the delay determination module 52 converts the total time delay 68 to degrees of crankshaft rotation. In various embodiments, the total time delay 68 can be converted to degrees of crankshaft rotation (Degdelay) based on the following equation: [0027] The transition determination module 54 estimates whether a transition between a low-lift profile and a high-lift profile is desired based on a current lift state 72 and a desired torque 70. For example, the transition determination module 54 estimates that a transition from a low-lift profile to a high-lift profile is desired (desired lift state 74) when the current lift state 72 is the low-lift state and the desired torque 70 is greater than a low-lift torque threshold. In another example, the transition determination module 54 projects that a transition from a high-lift profile to a low-lift profile is desired (desired lift state 74) when the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state and the desired torque 70 is less than a high-lift torque threshold. In various embodiments, the desired torque 70 can be estimated based on engine operating parameters. [0028] The state transition module 58 schedules the transition based on the desired lift state 74 and commands the pressurized fluid via a fluid command 82 at the scheduled time such that the transition occurs. In various embodiments, the transition is scheduled by subtracting the total time delay 68 in crankshaft degrees from known locations, in crankshaft degrees, where an incomplete pin engagement is feasible. Such known locations can be predetermined and/or estimated real-time based on engine performance. [0029] The engine control module 56 controls one or more components of the engine system (Figure 1) based on the current lift state 72. The engine control module 56 controls the one or more components to prepare the engine 12 (Figure 1) for the transitions between the low-lift profile and the high-lift profile. In various embodiments, the engine control module 56 controls at least one of the throttle 16 (Figure 1), the cam phasers 36, 38 (Figure 1), and the spark (not shown) via control signals 78, 70 and 76, respectively, before the fluid and, thus, the state transition is commanded. In various embodiments, the engine control module 56 controls engine torque by performing one or more torque smoothing methods known in the art after the fluid and, thus, the state transition is commanded. [0030] Referring now to Figures 3 through 5, flowcharts illustrate a WL control method 98 that can be performed by the WL control system 49 of Figure 2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As can be appreciated, the order of execution of the steps of the WL control method 98 can vary without altering the spirit of the method. The WL control method 98 may be perfonned periodically during control module operation or scheduled to run based on certain events. The method may begin at 100. [0031] The current lift state 72 and the desired torque 70 are evaluated at 110,120, and 130. If the current lift state 72 is the low-lift state at 110. and the desired torque 70 is greater than a low-lift torque threshold at 120, the total time delay 68 is computed in crankshaft degrees at 140 (as discussed above); and the throttle 16 (Figure 1), cam phasers 36, 38 (Figure 1), and spark (not shown) are adjusted for the state change at 150 (as discussed above). If, however, the current lift state 72 is the low-lift state at 110 and the desired torque 70 is less than or equal to the low-lift torque threshold at 120, a transition is not desired and the method may end at 260. [0032] If the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state (not equal to the low-lift state) at 110, and the desired torque 70 is less than a high-lift torque threshold at 130, control proceeds to evaluate again the current lift state 72 at 160. Otherwise, if the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state at 110, and the desired torque 70 is greater than or equal to the high-lift torque threshold at 130, a transition is not desired and the method may end at 260. [0033] At 160, once a transition is desired, if the current lift state 72 is still the low-lift state or has become the low-lift state, the next cylinder (cylinder ID) to perfomn intake charge is identified at 170, a minimum and maximum angular position allowable for transitioning to the next lift state are determined at 190, and the minimum and maximum are evaluated at 200 and 210. The minimum and maximum define a range at which the transition can take place. The range is adjusted by the estimated total time delay 68 (e.g., subtracting the total time delay from the minimum and the maximum). If the current crankshaft position is outside of the adjusted range for that cylinder, the transition is not made. If the cun-ent crankshaft position is within the adjusted range for that cylinder at 200 and 210, the appropriate solenoid operated valve 42 (Figure 1) is selected at 220, the state is transitioned at 230, and torque smoothing is commanded at 240. [0034] The method continues to transition the state for each cylinder until all solenoid operated valves 42 (Figure 1) have transitioned. Once all solenoid operated valves 42 (Figure 1) have transitioned at 250, the method may end at 260. Othenvise, the method continues at 180 by incrementing the cylinder ID and evaluating the minimum and maximums at 190, 200, and 210. [0035] Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad teachings of the present disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure has been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification, and the following claims. 12 CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine, comprising: a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system; and a variable valve control module that commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable valve control module commands the first transition and the second transition based on a range of crankshaft angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the range is defined by a maximum crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular position, and wherein the variable valve control module adjusts the range by subtracting the total delay from at least one of the maximum crankshaft angular position and the minimum crankshaft angular position. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an engine control module that controls one of throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser movement based on the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. 6. The system of claim 5 wherein the engine control module adjusts the control of the at least one of the throttle position, the spark timing, and the camshaft phaser movement prior to the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising an engine control module that controls engine torque based on the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the engine control module controls engine torque after the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable valve control module commands the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine torque. 10. A method of controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine, comprising: estimating a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system; and commanding one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the commanding comprises commanding the one of the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a range of crankshaft angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising adjusting the range of crankshaft angular positions by subtracting the total delay from at least one of a maximum crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular position. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the adjusting the range of crankshaft angular positions is performed per cylinder of the engine. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising controlling at least one of throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser movement based on the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the controlling the at least one of the throttle position, the spark timing, and the camshaft phaser movement occurs prior to the commanding the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising controlling engine torque based on the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. 16. The method of claim 16 wherein the performing comprises controlling engine torque after the commanding the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein the commanding comprises commanding the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine torque. 18. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating comprises: computing the total delay as a summation of at least one of measured and estimated delays of the variable valve lift system; and converting the total delay to degrees of crankshaft rotation, and wherein the commanding the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile is based on the converted total delay. 19. The method of claim 19 wherein the converting the total delay (tdelay) to degrees of crankshaft rotation (Degdelay) is based on engine speed {RPM) and the following equation: 20. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is based on a solenoid time delay determined as a function of voltage and fluid temperature. 21. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is based on a control pressure rise time delay determined as a function of fluid supply pressure and fluid temperature. 22. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is based on an actuator time delay determined as a function of control pressure and fluid temperature. A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system. A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay.

Full Text

VARIABLE VALVE LIFT TRANSITION CONTROL METHODS AND SYSTEMS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/981.276, filed on October 19, 2007. The disclosure of the
above application is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for
controlling variable valve actuation systems.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The statements in this section merely provide background
information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
[0004] Intake valves control the entry of an air/fuel mixture into
cylinders of an internal combustion engine (ICE). Exhaust valves control the exit
of gases from the cylinders of an intemal combustion engine. Camshaft lobes (or
"cam lobes") on a camshaft push against the valves to open the valves as the
camshaft rotates. Springs on the valves return the valves to a closed position.
The timing, duration, and degree of the opening, or "valve lift," of the valves can
impact performance.
[0005] Variable valve actuation (WA) technology improves fuel
economy, engine efficiency, and/or performance by modifying the valve event lift.

timing, and duration as a function of engine operating conditions. Two-step WA
systems enable two discrete valve events on the intake and/or exhaust valves.
The engine control module (ECM) selects the optimal valve event profile that is
best utilized for each engine operating condition.
[0006] An issue in the development and application of VVA system is
the response time variability of the control system and hardware. A limited
amount of time is available for switching a Switching Roller Finger Follower
(SRFF) between engaging and disengaging. If the control valve causes a fluid
pressure change in a lifter fluid gallery to occur too soon relative to a valve lift
curve, a SRFF arm lock pin may only partially engage and then disengage after
the valve has started lifting. This unscheduled disengagement may cause the
engine valve to drop from the high-lift valve event to the low-lift valve event, or on
to the valve seat. After a number of such events, the SRFF arm or the valve may
show signs of accelerated wear or damage.
SUMMARY
[0007] Accordingly, a system for controlling a variable valve lift system
of an engine, comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at
least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system.
A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a
variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second

transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile
based on the total delay.
[0008] In other features, the variable valve control module commands
the first transition and the second transition based on a range of crankshaft
angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay. The range is defined
by a maximum crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular
position, and wherein the variable valve control module adjusts the range by
subtracting the total delay from at least one of the maximum crankshaft angular
position and the minimum crankshaft angular position.
[0009] In other features, an engine control module controls one of
throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser movement based on the first
transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift
profile. The engine control module adjusts the control of the at least one of the
throttle position, the spark timing, and the camshaft phaser movement prior to the
first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift
profile.
[0010] In other features, an engine control module controls engine
torque based on the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to
the variable valve low-lift profile. The engine control module controls engine
torque after the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the
variable valve low-lift profile.
[0011] In other features, the variable valve control module commands
the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-

lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the
variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine torque.
[0012] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the
description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and
specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not
intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only
and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
[0014] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary six-
cylinder engine including a variable valve lift (VVL) system according to various
aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] Figure 2 is a dataflow diagram illustrating an exemplary WL
control system according to various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0016] Figures 3 through 5 are flowcharts illustrating an exemplary WL
control method according to various aspects of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is
not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be
understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals
indicate like or corresponding parts and features. As used herein, the term

module refers to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic
circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that executes one
or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or
other suitable components that provide the described functionality.
[0018] Referring now to Figure 1, an engine system 10 includes an
engine 12 that combusts an air/fuel mixture to produce drive torque. Air is drawn
into an intake manifold 14 through a throttle 16. The throttle 16 regulates air flow
into the intake manifold 14. Air within the intake manifold 14 is distributed into
cylinders 18. Although six cylinders are illustrated, the engine 12 may include
additional or fewer cylinders 18. For example, engines having 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10,
and 12 cylinders are contemplated. Although Figure 1 depicts the cylinders in a
V-shaped configuration, it is appreciated that the cylinders 18 can be
implemented in an inline configuration. A fuel injector 19 injects fuel that is
combined with air as it is drawn into the cylinder 18. A fuel injection system (not
shown) regulates (timing, amount, etc.) the fuel injector 19 to provide a desired
air-to-fuel ratio within each cylinder 18.
[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present
disclosure, each cylinder 18 may include an intake valve 20 and an exhaust
valve 21. The intake valve 20 selectively opens and closes to enable the air
and/or air/fuel mixture to enter the cylinders 18. Intake camshafts 24 regulate
intake valve open and close events. The exhaust valves 21 selectively open and
close to enable the exhaust to exit the cylinders 18. Exhaust valve open and
close events are regulated by exhaust camshafts 32. Although a single intake

valve 20 and a single exhaust valve 21 are shown per cylinder 18, multiple intake
valves and multiple exhaust valves can be configured per cylinder 18.
[0020] A piston (not shown) compresses the air/fuel mixture within the
cylinder 18. A spark plug (not shown) initiates combustion of the air/fuel mixture.
The piston drives a crankshaft (not shown) to produce drive torque. The
crankshaft drives the intake and exhaust camshafts 24, 32 using a timing chain
(not shown). It is appreciated that dual intake camshafts and dual exhaust
camshafts may be implemented. An engine speed sensor 35 generates an
engine speed signal indicating the rotational speed of the engine 12 in
revolutions per minute {RPM).
[0021] The engine 12 may include intake cam phasers 36 and exhaust
cam phasers 38 that adjust the rotational timing of the intake and exhaust
camshafts 24, 32, respectively. More specifically, a phase angle of the intake
and exhaust cam phasers 36, 38 may be retarded or advanced to control relative
timing of the intake and exhaust camshafts 24, 32.
[0022] A variable valve (WL) system 39 interacts with the camshafts
24, 32 to regulate valve open and close events. The WL system 39 includes a
plurality of switching roller finger followers (SRFFs) 40. Each SRFF 40 includes
a low-lift contact that interfaces with a low-lift cam lobe (not shown) affixed to the
camshafts 24, 32 and one or more high-lift contacts (not shown) that interface
with one or more high-lift cams lobes (not shown) affixed to the camshafts 24, 32.
As the camshafts 24, 32 rotate, the cam lobes contact the SRFFs 40 which, in
turn, open and close the respective valve or valves 20, 21. Each SRFF 40 is

controlled such that the valves 20, 21 are selectively operated according to at
least one of a low-lift profile and a high-lift profile. In particular, pressurized fluid
is supplied by a solenoid operated valve 42 to the SRFF 40 to release and/or
engage a locking pin 44. The locking pin 44 serves to activate and deactivate
the low-lift contact and/or the high-lift contact.
[0023] A control module 50 controls the supply of pressurized fluid to
each SRFF 40 system to engage and disengage the locking pins 44. In
particular, the control module 50 commands the supply of fluid pressure such
that inadvertent locking pin disengagement does not occur. In various
embodiments, the control module 50 schedules the transition between the high-
lift profile and the low-lift profile by: first computing a current time delay in
degrees of crankshaft rotation; and, then, applying the time delay to known
locations where an incomplete locking pin engagement is feasible to determine a
crankshaft angular position where the command should be initiated. The
command is then initiated at that time to eliminate the undesirable, unscheduled,
disengagements and their associated audibles.
[0024] Referring now to Figure 2, a WL control system 49 is shown
that may be embedded within the control module 50. Various embodiments of
WL control systems 49 according to the present disclosure may include any
number of sub-modules embedded within the control module 50. As can be
appreciated, the sub-modules shown may be combined and/or further partitioned
to similarly control the WL system 39 and/or other engine components. Inputs
to the WL control system 49 may be sensed from the engine system 10 (Figure

1), received from other control modules (not shown), and/or determined by other
sub-modules (not shown) within the control module 50. In various embodiments,
the control module 50 of Figure 2 includes a delay determination module 52, a
transition determination module 54, a state transition module 58, and an engine
control module 56.
[0025] The delay determination module 52 estimates a total time delay
68 based on measured and/or estimated time delays associated with the
hardware involved in controlling the WL system 39 (Figure 1). In various
embodiments, the delay determination module 52 estimates a total time delay 68
based on a time delay associated with the control solenoid (tsolenoid). a time delay
associated with the pressure rise (tcontrol_pressure_rise), and a time delay associated
with the actuator (taduator). In various embodiments, the total time delay 68 can
be estimated based on the following equation:

The control solenoid time delay (tsolenoid) can be estimated as a function of
voltage (V) and oil temperature {Toil}, as shown as:

The control pressure rise time delay (tcontrol_pressure_rise) can be estimated as a
function of oil supply pressure (Psupply) and oil temperature (Toil), as shown as:

The actuator time delay (tactuator) can be estimated as a function of control
pressure (Pcontrol) and oil temperature (Toil), as shown as:

[0026] Based on the total time delay 68 and a current engine speed
(RPM) 66, the delay determination module 52 converts the total time delay 68 to
degrees of crankshaft rotation. In various embodiments, the total time delay 68
can be converted to degrees of crankshaft rotation (Degdelay) based on the
following equation:

[0027] The transition determination module 54 estimates whether a
transition between a low-lift profile and a high-lift profile is desired based on a
current lift state 72 and a desired torque 70. For example, the transition
determination module 54 estimates that a transition from a low-lift profile to a
high-lift profile is desired (desired lift state 74) when the current lift state 72 is the
low-lift state and the desired torque 70 is greater than a low-lift torque threshold.
In another example, the transition determination module 54 projects that a
transition from a high-lift profile to a low-lift profile is desired (desired lift state 74)
when the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state and the desired torque 70 is less
than a high-lift torque threshold. In various embodiments, the desired torque 70
can be estimated based on engine operating parameters.
[0028] The state transition module 58 schedules the transition based
on the desired lift state 74 and commands the pressurized fluid via a fluid
command 82 at the scheduled time such that the transition occurs. In various
embodiments, the transition is scheduled by subtracting the total time delay 68 in
crankshaft degrees from known locations, in crankshaft degrees, where an

incomplete pin engagement is feasible. Such known locations can be
predetermined and/or estimated real-time based on engine performance.
[0029] The engine control module 56 controls one or more components
of the engine system (Figure 1) based on the current lift state 72. The engine
control module 56 controls the one or more components to prepare the engine 12
(Figure 1) for the transitions between the low-lift profile and the high-lift profile. In
various embodiments, the engine control module 56 controls at least one of the
throttle 16 (Figure 1), the cam phasers 36, 38 (Figure 1), and the spark (not
shown) via control signals 78, 70 and 76, respectively, before the fluid and, thus,
the state transition is commanded. In various embodiments, the engine control
module 56 controls engine torque by performing one or more torque smoothing
methods known in the art after the fluid and, thus, the state transition is
commanded.
[0030] Referring now to Figures 3 through 5, flowcharts illustrate a WL
control method 98 that can be performed by the WL control system 49 of Figure
2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As can be
appreciated, the order of execution of the steps of the WL control method 98
can vary without altering the spirit of the method. The WL control method 98
may be perfonned periodically during control module operation or scheduled to
run based on certain events. The method may begin at 100.
[0031] The current lift state 72 and the desired torque 70 are evaluated
at 110,120, and 130. If the current lift state 72 is the low-lift state at 110. and the
desired torque 70 is greater than a low-lift torque threshold at 120, the total time

delay 68 is computed in crankshaft degrees at 140 (as discussed above); and the
throttle 16 (Figure 1), cam phasers 36, 38 (Figure 1), and spark (not shown) are
adjusted for the state change at 150 (as discussed above). If, however, the
current lift state 72 is the low-lift state at 110 and the desired torque 70 is less
than or equal to the low-lift torque threshold at 120, a transition is not desired and
the method may end at 260.
[0032] If the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state (not equal to the
low-lift state) at 110, and the desired torque 70 is less than a high-lift torque
threshold at 130, control proceeds to evaluate again the current lift state 72 at
160. Otherwise, if the current lift state 72 is the high-lift state at 110, and the
desired torque 70 is greater than or equal to the high-lift torque threshold at 130,
a transition is not desired and the method may end at 260.
[0033] At 160, once a transition is desired, if the current lift state 72 is
still the low-lift state or has become the low-lift state, the next cylinder (cylinder
ID) to perfomn intake charge is identified at 170, a minimum and maximum
angular position allowable for transitioning to the next lift state are determined at
190, and the minimum and maximum are evaluated at 200 and 210. The
minimum and maximum define a range at which the transition can take place.
The range is adjusted by the estimated total time delay 68 (e.g., subtracting the
total time delay from the minimum and the maximum). If the current crankshaft
position is outside of the adjusted range for that cylinder, the transition is not
made. If the cun-ent crankshaft position is within the adjusted range for that
cylinder at 200 and 210, the appropriate solenoid operated valve 42 (Figure 1) is

selected at 220, the state is transitioned at 230, and torque smoothing is
commanded at 240.
[0034] The method continues to transition the state for each cylinder
until all solenoid operated valves 42 (Figure 1) have transitioned. Once all
solenoid operated valves 42 (Figure 1) have transitioned at 250, the method may
end at 260. Othenvise, the method continues at 180 by incrementing the cylinder
ID and evaluating the minimum and maximums at 190, 200, and 210.
[0035] Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoing
description that the broad teachings of the present disclosure can be
implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure has been
described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the
disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become
apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification,
and the following claims.
12

CLAIMS
What is claimed is:
1. A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine,
comprising:
a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of
a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system; and
a variable valve control module that commands one of a first
transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile
and a second transition from a variable valve high-lift profile to a variable valve
low-lift profile based on the total delay.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable valve control module
commands the first transition and the second transition based on a range of
crankshaft angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the range is defined by a maximum
crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular position, and
wherein the variable valve control module adjusts the range by subtracting the
total delay from at least one of the maximum crankshaft angular position and the
minimum crankshaft angular position.
5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an engine control module
that controls one of throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser

movement based on the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to
the variable valve high-lift profile.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the engine control module adjusts
the control of the at least one of the throttle position, the spark timing, and the
camshaft phaser movement prior to the first transition from the variable valve
low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile.
7. The system of claim 1 further comprising an engine control module
that controls engine torque based on the second transition from the variable
valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the engine control module controls
engine torque after the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to
the variable valve low-lift profile.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable valve control module
commands the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable
valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve high-lift
profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine torque.

10. A method of controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine,
comprising:
estimating a total delay based on at least one of a measured and
an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system; and
commanding one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift
profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable
valve high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the commanding comprises
commanding the one of the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to
the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable
valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a range of
crankshaft angular positions that is adjusted based on the total delay.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising adjusting the range of
crankshaft angular positions by subtracting the total delay from at least one of a
maximum crankshaft angular position and a minimum crankshaft angular
position.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the adjusting the range of
crankshaft angular positions is performed per cylinder of the engine.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising controlling at least one
of throttle position, spark timing, and camshaft phaser movement based on the
first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift
profile.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the controlling the at least one of
the throttle position, the spark timing, and the camshaft phaser movement occurs
prior to the commanding the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile
to the variable valve high-lift profile.
15. The method of claim 10 further comprising controlling engine torque
based on the second transition from the variable valve high-lift profile to the
variable valve low-lift profile.
16. The method of claim 16 wherein the performing comprises
controlling engine torque after the commanding the second transition from the
variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein the commanding comprises
commanding the first transition from the variable valve low-lift profile to the
variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from the variable valve
high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile based on a desired engine
torque.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating comprises:
computing the total delay as a summation of at least one of
measured and estimated delays of the variable valve lift system; and
converting the total delay to degrees of crankshaft rotation, and
wherein the commanding the first transition from the variable valve
low-lift profile to the variable valve high-lift profile and the second transition from
a variable valve high-lift profile to the variable valve low-lift profile is based on the
converted total delay.
19. The method of claim 19 wherein the converting the total delay
(tdelay) to degrees of crankshaft rotation (Degdelay) is based on engine speed
{RPM) and the following equation:

20. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is
based on a solenoid time delay determined as a function of voltage and fluid
temperature.
21. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is
based on a control pressure rise time delay determined as a function of fluid
supply pressure and fluid temperature.

22. The method of claim 10 wherein the estimating the total delay is
based on an actuator time delay determined as a function of control pressure and
fluid temperature.

A system for controlling a variable valve lift system of an engine comprises a delay module that estimates a total delay based on at least one of a measured and an estimated delay of the variable valve lift system. A variable valve control module commands one of a first transition from a variable valve low-lift profile to a variable valve high-lift profile and a second transition from a variable valve
high-lift profile to a variable valve low-lift profile based on the total delay.

Documents:

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Patent Number

270764

Indian Patent Application Number

1752/KOL/2008

PG Journal Number

04/2016

Publication Date

22-Jan-2016

Grant Date

18-Jan-2016

Date of Filing

16-Oct-2008

Name of Patentee

GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INC.

Applicant Address

300 RENAISSANCE CENTER, DETROIT, MICHIGAN

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	DONOVAN L. DIBBLE	44024 UTICA ROAD, UTICA, MICHIGAN 48317
2	KENNETH J. CINPINSKI	20031 27 MILE ROAD, RAY, MICHIGAN 48096-3611
3	ALEXANDER J. ROBERTS	2381 GLENWOOD COURT, COMMERCE TOWNSHIP, MICHIGAN 48382
4	VIMESH M. PATEL	24129 ELIZABETH LANE NOVI, MICHIGAN 48374

PCT International Classification Number

F01L1/34; F02D13/00; F01L1/34; F02D13/00

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/981275	2007-10-19	U.S.A.