Title of Invention	A VIBRATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS COLUMNS IN THE GROUND
Abstract	The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement (1) for producing material columns in the ground, which comprises an elongate vibrating body (2) with an outer surface having a girth and at least one projection (3) extending at least partially around the girth of the vibrating body (2). The invention also relates to a method of producing a material column in the ground using such a vibrator arrangement.

Title of Invention

A VIBRATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS COLUMNS IN THE GROUND

Abstract

The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement (1) for producing material columns in the ground, which comprises an elongate vibrating body (2) with an outer surface having a girth and at least one projection (3) extending at least partially around the girth of the vibrating body (2). The invention also relates to a method of producing a material column in the ground using such a vibrator arrangement.

Full Text	Description Vibrator arrangement and method of producing material columns in the ground The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement and to a method of producing material columns which are incorporated into the ground in order to improve the soil properties of ground intended to support buildings. Two basic methods of producing material columns in the ground have been known for a long time. In the "wet tamping compaction" method, a column-like hole is produced and then flushing water is charged into the hole. Rapidly moving a vibrator up and down, in combination with the water flushing results in a flow which erodes the soil material in such a way that an annular space is created between the depth vibrator and. the adjoining soil region, thereby making it possible to transport gravel, recycled concrete, sand or similar granular bulk material along the depth vibrator and into the hole. Apart from the eroding action, the water performs further important functions as well, namely that of stabilizing the hole wall against any collapse of the wall caused by the pressure of the groundwater and that of preventing gravel from jamming between the hole wall and the depth vibrator. The upwardly flowing water eliminates these "bridges" formed by jamming and thus ensures that the gravel is transported depthwise down to the lower end of the vibrator, where it is tamped to form a so-called "tamped column". A particular problem associated with this method is that of disposing of the extremely sludgy flushing water, something which entails high costs inter alia, and another problem is that contamination which may be present in the soil is washed out of the soil to the surface. In a second method, the "dry tamping compaction" method, a material-conveying pipe is fastened laterally alongside a vibrator and is used to transport material to the lower end of the depth vibrator. Disadvantages in relation to the wet tamping compaction technique are the lower gravel-conveying capacity (volume per time) and the higher costs for the more elaborate equipment. In both methods, the material is transported to the lower end of the vibrator solely under the force of gravity acting on the material. Without flushing water or without a conveying pipe it is not possible for the gravel to be conveyed into soil layers underneath the ground water level. To accelerate transportation, or if the transportation of material has come to a standstill, the only remaining option is to enlarge the annular space, although this is in most cases undesirable since it results in soil being unnecessarily washed out and in an increased requirement for flushing water. The object of the present invention is to provide a device for and a method of producing tamped columns in which, by contrast with the prior art, there is no requirement, or only a relatively low requirement, for flushing water and no conveying pipe is necessary either. This object is achieved by a vibrator arrangement as claimed in patent claim 1 and a method as claimed in patent claim 10. Refinements of the invention form the subject matter of the subclaims. A vibrator arrangement according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises an elongate vibrating body with an outer surface having a periphery. On this periphery is arranged a projection which extends away from the vibrating body in a lateral direction and which extends at least in sections around the periphery. When using such a vibrator arrangement to produce material columns in the ground, after producing a hole, after sinking the vibrator arrangement into the hole and after introducing material, the transportation of the material to a lower end of the vibrating body is not effected under the force of gravity alone. During an up and down movement of the vibrator arrangement, this transportation of material is additionally assisted by the projection which acts as a mechanical transporting device, similarly to a shovel. During a downward movement of the vibrating body, this projection which extends at least in sections around the periphery and protrudes in a lateral direction presses a material situated in an annular space underneath the projection further depthwise in the direction of the lower end of the vibrating body, where it is compacted to form a tamped column. During a subsequent upward movement, owing to the conical form of the projection the material is, however, not conveyed upward again but displaced laterally into the soil in order, during a further downward movement, to be captured by the projection and transported into the depth of the column formation. The projection is preferably designed in such a way that it becomes broader at an acute angle in the direction toward a lower end of the vibrating body. The geometry of this projection can in this case correspond to the geometry of a truncated cone or of a truncated pyramid. Furthermore, the projection may comprise a plurality of segments arranged in the peripheral direction. In one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible for a plurality of projections to be arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body. In a further embodiment, the projections are movable along the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body. In addition, the projection or individual segments of the projection may be designed such that they can be folded in in the direction of the outer surface of the vibrating body or such that they can be retracted into the vibrating body. The vibrator arrangement may be designed, in particular, as a depth vibrator having an eccentric arranged in the vibrating body or else as a top vibrator having an eccentric arranged on an upper end of the vibrating body. The mechanical assistance provided by the projection to transport the material makes it possible to increase the material flow per unit time by more than 50 percent and to at least halve the flushing water required. Instead of water, air or another gas blown into the annular space can also be used here for "flushing". The water or gaseous flushing medium can even be dispensed with completely in some soils. The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments represented in figures. Figure 1 shows an example of a vibrator arrangement according to the invention with a vibrating body and a projection. Figure 2 shows a further example of a vibrator arrangement according to the invention with a vibrating body, in which the projection is arranged on the lower end of the vibrating body. Figures 3A-C show different forms of embodying the projections. Unless otherwise stated, identical reference numbers in the figures designate identical parts with an identical meaning. Figure 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the vibrator arrangement 1 according to the invention. This arrangement comprises an elongate vibrating body 2 which has an outer surface 22 with a periphery and which also has a lower end 21 and an upper end (not shown). Arranged along the periphery of the outer surface 22 is a projection 3 which protrudes in a lateral or radial direction from the vibrating body 2. This projection 3 broadens out in the direction of the lower end 21, i.e. the projection protrudes increasingly from the outer surface 22 of the vibrating body 2 in the direction of the lower end 21. With reference to figure 1, the projection can extend annularly around the periphery of the vibrating body 2. The vibrating body 2 can, in particular, be of cylindrical design and thus have a circular cross section. However, the vibrating body can also have any other cross section, in particular a rectangular cross section. The projection 3 has, for example, the geometry of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid traversed by the vibrating body. In the example represented, a lower side 32 of the projection facing in the direction of the lower end of the vibrating body protrudes approximately at a right angle from the vibrating body 2, whereas an upper side 31 of the projection tapers with increasing distance from the lower end 21 of the vibrating body, with the result that the projection 3 in the example has the form of a truncated cone traversed by the vibrating body. The projection 3 can be arranged at any longitudinal position of the vibrating body 2. In the example shown in figure 1, this projection is arranged at a distance from the lower end 21 of the vibrating body 2. The exemplary embodiment according to figure 2 differs from that shown in figure 1 in that the projection 3 is arranged on the lower end 21 of the vibrating body. The vibrator arrangement can be embodied, for example, as a depth vibrator or as a top vibrator. In the case of a depth vibrator, an eccentric (not shown) which generates vibrating motions is arranged in the vibrating body 2. In the case of a top vibrator, the eccentric (not shown) is arranged above the upper end of the vibrating body 2. Exemplary embodiments of the projection 3 are explained below with reference to figure 3. In the example represented in figure 3A, the upper side 31 of the projection 3 extends conically at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the elongate vibrating body 2, whereas the lower side 32 extends at an approximately right angle with respect to the longitudinal direction. The projection 3 here is formed as a solid body. Figure 3B shows an embodiment of a segmented projection 3 having a plurality of segments 40, 41, 42, 43 arranged adjacent to one another in the peripheral direction. This embodiment makes it possible to fold in the projection 3 relative to the vibrating body 2 or to retract the projection 3 into the vibrating body 2. The embodiment of the projection 3 shown in figure 3C differs from the embodiment in figure 3A in that the lower side 32 of the projection likewise has a conical, tapering profile, which means that the aforementioned shovel action of the projection 3 can be improved. In the method according to the invention of producing a material column in the ground 5, first of all a column- like hole is produced. Such a hole typically has a diameter from about 50 cm to about 100 cm. The vibrating body 2 according to the invention that is used typically has external dimensions from about 30 cm to 50 cm. After sinking the vibrator 1 to a desired depth, gravel, recycled concrete, sand or similar granular material is introduced into an annular space 4 between the outer surface 22 of the vibrating body 2 and the surrounding soil, and flushing water or another gaseous "flushing medium", in particular air, is optionally fed in as well. The depth vibrator 1 is then regularly moved up and down in such a way that the material situated below the vibrating body 2 is compressed to form a tamped column. In this arrangement, the material situated in the annular space 4 is captured by the projection 3 during a downward movement of the vibrating body and transported in the direction of the lower end of the vibrating body 2. At the same time, any jamming of material which may have occurred in the annular space 4 between the vibrating body 2 and ground 5 is eliminated. During the upward movement, the oblique profile of the upper side 31 of the projection ensures that the material is displaced laterally and not transported upward again. In the case of a projection which can be folded in or retracted, said projection can be folded in/retracted during the upward movement. In addition, there is also the possibility of arranging the projection on the vibrating body so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction, thereby making it possible to transport material or to compact material merely through an up and down movement of the projection 3. List of reference numbers 1 depth vibrator 2 vibrating body 21 lower end of the vibrating body 22 outer surface of the vibrating body 3 projection 31 upper side of the projection 32 lower side of the projection 4 annular space 40 segment of the projection 41 segment of the projection 42 segment of the projection 43 segment of the projection 5 ground Claims 1. A vibrator arrangement (1) for producing material columns in the ground, which comprises an elongate vibrating body (2) with an outer surface having a periphery, and at least one projection (3) extending at least partially around the periphery of the vibrating body (2) . 2. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in patent claim 1, in which the vibrating body (2) has a lower end (21) and in which a periphery of the projection increases in the direction of the lower end (21) of the vibrating body. 3. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in patent claim 2, in which the projection (3) has the form of a truncated cone or of a truncated pyramid. 4. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which a plurality of projections (3) are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the vibrating body (2). 5. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the projection (3) is arranged on the lower end (21) of the vibrating body (2). 6. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the projection (3) is designed to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body (2) . 7. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, wherein the at least one projection (3) can be folded in at least partially or can be retracted into the vibrating body (2). 8. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, wherein the projection (3) is composed of a plurality of segments in the peripheral direction. 9. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding claims, which comprises a depth vibrator or a top vibrator. 10. A method of producing material columns in the ground, which comprises the following steps: providing a vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, producing a column-like hole sinking the vibrator arrangement (1), introducing material into an annular space (4) between the vibrating body (2) and the ground region (5) surrounding the vibrating body, regularly lowering and raising the vibrating body (2) such that the material situated below the vibrating body (2) is transported in the direction of the lower end (21) of the vibrating body (2) and the material is compressed. 11. The method as claimed in patent claim 10, in which the annular space (4) is additionally filled with a fluid. 12. The method as claimed in claim 10 or 11, in which air is additionally blown into the annular space. The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement (1) for producing material columns in the ground, which comprises an elongate vibrating body (2) with an outer surface having a girth and at least one projection (3) extending at least partially around the girth of the vibrating body (2). The invention also relates to a method of producing a material column in the ground using such a vibrator arrangement.

Full Text

Description
Vibrator arrangement and method of producing material
columns in the ground
The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement and to
a method of producing material columns which are
incorporated into the ground in order to improve the
soil properties of ground intended to support
buildings.
Two basic methods of producing material columns in the
ground have been known for a long time. In the "wet
tamping compaction" method, a column-like hole is
produced and then flushing water is charged into the
hole. Rapidly moving a vibrator up and down, in
combination with the water flushing results in a flow
which erodes the soil material in such a way that an
annular space is created between the depth vibrator and.
the adjoining soil region, thereby making it possible
to transport gravel, recycled concrete, sand or similar
granular bulk material along the depth vibrator and
into the hole. Apart from the eroding action, the water
performs further important functions as well, namely
that of stabilizing the hole wall against any collapse
of the wall caused by the pressure of the groundwater
and that of preventing gravel from jamming between the
hole wall and the depth vibrator. The upwardly flowing
water eliminates these "bridges" formed by jamming and
thus ensures that the gravel is transported depthwise
down to the lower end of the vibrator, where it is
tamped to form a so-called "tamped column". A
particular problem associated with this method is that
of disposing of the extremely sludgy flushing water,
something which entails high costs inter alia, and
another problem is that contamination which may be

present in the soil is washed out of the soil to the
surface.
In a second method, the "dry tamping compaction"
method, a material-conveying pipe is fastened laterally
alongside a vibrator and is used to transport material
to the lower end of the depth vibrator. Disadvantages
in relation to the wet tamping compaction technique are
the lower gravel-conveying capacity (volume per time)
and the higher costs for the more elaborate equipment.
In both methods, the material is transported to the
lower end of the vibrator solely under the force of
gravity acting on the material. Without flushing water
or without a conveying pipe it is not possible for the
gravel to be conveyed into soil layers underneath the
ground water level. To accelerate transportation, or if
the transportation of material has come to a
standstill, the only remaining option is to enlarge the
annular space, although this is in most cases
undesirable since it results in soil being
unnecessarily washed out and in an increased
requirement for flushing water.
The object of the present invention is to provide a
device for and a method of producing tamped columns in
which, by contrast with the prior art, there is no
requirement, or only a relatively low requirement, for
flushing water and no conveying pipe is necessary
either.
This object is achieved by a vibrator arrangement as
claimed in patent claim 1 and a method as claimed in
patent claim 10. Refinements of the invention form the
subject matter of the subclaims.

A vibrator arrangement according to one exemplary
embodiment of the invention comprises an elongate
vibrating body with an outer surface having a
periphery. On this periphery is arranged a projection
which extends away from the vibrating body in a lateral
direction and which extends at least in sections around
the periphery.
When using such a vibrator arrangement to produce
material columns in the ground, after producing a hole,
after sinking the vibrator arrangement into the hole
and after introducing material, the transportation of
the material to a lower end of the vibrating body is
not effected under the force of gravity alone. During
an up and down movement of the vibrator arrangement,
this transportation of material is additionally
assisted by the projection which acts as a mechanical
transporting device, similarly to a shovel. During a
downward movement of the vibrating body, this
projection which extends at least in sections around
the periphery and protrudes in a lateral direction
presses a material situated in an annular space
underneath the projection further depthwise in the
direction of the lower end of the vibrating body, where
it is compacted to form a tamped column.
During a subsequent upward movement, owing to the
conical form of the projection the material is,
however, not conveyed upward again but displaced
laterally into the soil in order, during a further
downward movement, to be captured by the projection and
transported into the depth of the column formation.
The projection is preferably designed in such a way
that it becomes broader at an acute angle in the
direction toward a lower end of the vibrating body. The

geometry of this projection can in this case correspond
to the geometry of a truncated cone or of a truncated
pyramid. Furthermore, the projection may comprise a
plurality of segments arranged in the peripheral
direction.
In one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible
for a plurality of projections to be arranged along the
longitudinal direction of the vibrating body.
In a further embodiment, the projections are movable
along the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body.
In addition, the projection or individual segments of
the projection may be designed such that they can be
folded in in the direction of the outer surface of the
vibrating body or such that they can be retracted into
the vibrating body.
The vibrator arrangement may be designed, in
particular, as a depth vibrator having an eccentric
arranged in the vibrating body or else as a top
vibrator having an eccentric arranged on an upper end
of the vibrating body.
The mechanical assistance provided by the projection to
transport the material makes it possible to increase
the material flow per unit time by more than 50 percent
and to at least halve the flushing water required.
Instead of water, air or another gas blown into the
annular space can also be used here for "flushing". The
water or gaseous flushing medium can even be dispensed
with completely in some soils.

The present invention will be explained in more detail
below with reference to exemplary embodiments
represented in figures.
Figure 1 shows an example of a vibrator
arrangement according to the invention
with a vibrating body and a projection.
Figure 2 shows a further example of a vibrator
arrangement according to the invention
with a vibrating body, in which the
projection is arranged on the lower end
of the vibrating body.
Figures 3A-C show different forms of embodying the
projections.
Unless otherwise stated, identical reference numbers in
the figures designate identical parts with an identical
meaning.
Figure 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the
vibrator arrangement 1 according to the invention. This
arrangement comprises an elongate vibrating body 2
which has an outer surface 22 with a periphery and
which also has a lower end 21 and an upper end (not
shown). Arranged along the periphery of the outer
surface 22 is a projection 3 which protrudes in a
lateral or radial direction from the vibrating body 2.
This projection 3 broadens out in the direction of the
lower end 21, i.e. the projection protrudes
increasingly from the outer surface 22 of the vibrating
body 2 in the direction of the lower end 21.
With reference to figure 1, the projection can extend
annularly around the periphery of the vibrating body 2.

The vibrating body 2 can, in particular, be of
cylindrical design and thus have a circular cross
section. However, the vibrating body can also have any
other cross section, in particular a rectangular cross
section.
The projection 3 has, for example, the geometry of a
truncated cone or truncated pyramid traversed by the
vibrating body.
In the example represented, a lower side 32 of the
projection facing in the direction of the lower end of
the vibrating body protrudes approximately at a right
angle from the vibrating body 2, whereas an upper side
31 of the projection tapers with increasing distance
from the lower end 21 of the vibrating body, with the
result that the projection 3 in the example has the
form of a truncated cone traversed by the vibrating
body.
The projection 3 can be arranged at any longitudinal
position of the vibrating body 2. In the example shown
in figure 1, this projection is arranged at a distance
from the lower end 21 of the vibrating body 2.
The exemplary embodiment according to figure 2 differs
from that shown in figure 1 in that the projection 3 is
arranged on the lower end 21 of the vibrating body.
The vibrator arrangement can be embodied, for example,
as a depth vibrator or as a top vibrator. In the case
of a depth vibrator, an eccentric (not shown) which
generates vibrating motions is arranged in the
vibrating body 2. In the case of a top vibrator, the
eccentric (not shown) is arranged above the upper end
of the vibrating body 2.

Exemplary embodiments of the projection 3 are explained
below with reference to figure 3.
In the example represented in figure 3A, the upper side
31 of the projection 3 extends conically at an acute
angle to the longitudinal direction of the elongate
vibrating body 2, whereas the lower side 32 extends at
an approximately right angle with respect to the
longitudinal direction. The projection 3 here is formed
as a solid body.
Figure 3B shows an embodiment of a segmented projection
3 having a plurality of segments 40, 41, 42, 43
arranged adjacent to one another in the peripheral
direction. This embodiment makes it possible to fold in
the projection 3 relative to the vibrating body 2 or to
retract the projection 3 into the vibrating body 2.
The embodiment of the projection 3 shown in figure 3C
differs from the embodiment in figure 3A in that the
lower side 32 of the projection likewise has a conical,
tapering profile, which means that the aforementioned
shovel action of the projection 3 can be improved.
In the method according to the invention of producing a
material column in the ground 5, first of all a column-
like hole is produced. Such a hole typically has a
diameter from about 50 cm to about 100 cm. The
vibrating body 2 according to the invention that is
used typically has external dimensions from about 30 cm
to 50 cm.
After sinking the vibrator 1 to a desired depth,
gravel, recycled concrete, sand or similar granular
material is introduced into an annular space 4 between

the outer surface 22 of the vibrating body 2 and the
surrounding soil, and flushing water or another gaseous
"flushing medium", in particular air, is optionally fed
in as well. The depth vibrator 1 is then regularly
moved up and down in such a way that the material
situated below the vibrating body 2 is compressed to
form a tamped column.
In this arrangement, the material situated in the
annular space 4 is captured by the projection 3 during
a downward movement of the vibrating body and
transported in the direction of the lower end of the
vibrating body 2. At the same time, any jamming of
material which may have occurred in the annular space 4
between the vibrating body 2 and ground 5 is
eliminated. During the upward movement, the oblique
profile of the upper side 31 of the projection ensures
that the material is displaced laterally and not
transported upward again. In the case of a projection
which can be folded in or retracted, said projection
can be folded in/retracted during the upward movement.
In addition, there is also the possibility of arranging
the projection on the vibrating body so as to be
movable in the longitudinal direction, thereby making
it possible to transport material or to compact
material merely through an up and down movement of the
projection 3.

List of reference numbers
1 depth vibrator
2 vibrating body

21 lower end of the vibrating body
22 outer surface of the vibrating body
3 projection
31 upper side of the projection
32 lower side of the projection
4 annular space
40 segment of the projection
41 segment of the projection
42 segment of the projection
43 segment of the projection
5 ground

Claims
1. A vibrator arrangement (1) for producing
material columns in the ground, which comprises
an elongate vibrating body (2) with an outer
surface having a periphery, and
at least one projection (3) extending at least
partially around the periphery of the vibrating body
(2) .
2. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in patent
claim 1, in which the vibrating body (2) has a lower
end (21) and in which a periphery of the projection
increases in the direction of the lower end (21) of the
vibrating body.
3. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in patent
claim 2, in which the projection (3) has the form of a
truncated cone or of a truncated pyramid.
4. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding patent claims, in which a plurality of
projections (3) are arranged along a longitudinal
direction of the vibrating body (2).
5. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding patent claims, in which the projection
(3) is arranged on the lower end (21) of the vibrating
body (2).
6. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding patent claims, in which the projection
(3) is designed to be movable along the longitudinal
direction of the vibrating body (2) .

7. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding patent claims, wherein the at least one
projection (3) can be folded in at least partially or
can be retracted into the vibrating body (2).
8. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding patent claims, wherein the projection (3)
is composed of a plurality of segments in the
peripheral direction.
9. The vibrator arrangement as claimed in one of
the preceding claims, which comprises a depth vibrator
or a top vibrator.
10. A method of producing material columns in the
ground, which comprises the following steps:
providing a vibrator arrangement as claimed in one
of claims 1 to 9,
producing a column-like hole
sinking the vibrator arrangement (1),
introducing material into an annular space (4)
between the vibrating body (2) and the ground region
(5) surrounding the vibrating body,
regularly lowering and raising the vibrating body
(2) such that the material situated below the vibrating
body (2) is transported in the direction of the lower
end (21) of the vibrating body (2) and the material is
compressed.
11. The method as claimed in patent claim 10, in
which the annular space (4) is additionally filled with
a fluid.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10 or 11, in
which air is additionally blown into the annular space.

The invention relates to a vibrator arrangement (1) for producing material
columns in the ground, which comprises an elongate vibrating body (2) with an
outer surface having a girth and at least one projection (3) extending at least
partially around the girth of the vibrating body (2). The invention also relates to
a method of producing a material column in the ground using such a vibrator
arrangement.

Documents:

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Patent Number

271725

Indian Patent Application Number

3131/KOLNP/2008

PG Journal Number

10/2016

Publication Date

04-Mar-2016

Grant Date

02-Mar-2016

Date of Filing

30-Jul-2008

Name of Patentee

ALEXANDER DEGEN

Applicant Address

GREEN COMMUNITY 164 DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	WILHELM DEGEN	1 SILVER CRESCENT IRVINE, CA 92603
2	ALEXANDER DEGEN	GREEN COMMUNITY 164 DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

PCT International Classification Number

E02D 7/18,E02D 3/12

PCT International Application Number

PCT/EP2007/000883

PCT International Filing date

2007-02-01

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	10 2006 005 242.0-25	2006-02-03	Germany