Title of Invention	A METHOD FOR PROTECTING CORK OR WOOD SUBSTRATES FROM DISCOLORATION
Abstract	ABSTRACT Process for dispersing solid particles in polymers Process for dispersing solid particles in a particulate polymer, which comprises the steps of (a) forming a solution (OS) of particles of a polymer (PI) in an organic solvent (S); (b) forming an aqueous dispersion (AD) of solid particles (P2); (c) mixing said solution (OS) with said dispersion (AD) as to obtain a liquid mixture (M), while avoiding substantial precipitation of either polymer (PI) or particles (P2); (d) mixing said liquid mixture (M) with a non solvent (NS) as to obtain a slurry (SL) comprising particles (P3); a phase transfer agent (PTA) being further present during steps (b) (c) and/or (d). No figure.

Title of Invention

A METHOD FOR PROTECTING CORK OR WOOD SUBSTRATES FROM DISCOLORATION

Abstract

ABSTRACT Process for dispersing solid particles in polymers Process for dispersing solid particles in a particulate polymer, which comprises the steps of (a) forming a solution (OS) of particles of a polymer (PI) in an organic solvent (S); (b) forming an aqueous dispersion (AD) of solid particles (P2); (c) mixing said solution (OS) with said dispersion (AD) as to obtain a liquid mixture (M), while avoiding substantial precipitation of either polymer (PI) or particles (P2); (d) mixing said liquid mixture (M) with a non solvent (NS) as to obtain a slurry (SL) comprising particles (P3); a phase transfer agent (PTA) being further present during steps (b) (c) and/or (d). No figure.

Full Text	[9 Color Stabilization of Cork and Colored Woods by the Combined Use of Inorganic and Organic UV-Absorbers The instant invention relates to a method for the color stabilization of cork and specific dark woods by the combined use of a small amount of inorganic UV-absorbers and an excess of organic UV-absorbers in a protective coating. A further aspect of the invention is the use of such a UV-absorber combination for the color stabilization of cork and specific colored woods. For example cork panels are typically used in kitchens and bathrooms for flooring. They are typically covered by coatings to protect them from humidity, mechanical impacts and light. These colored cork specimens are very sensitive to UV and visible light. Light causes a bleaching of the initial coloration, resulting in an unwished whitish/grayish appearance. This effect is also known for other colored or dark wood species, such as beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut, redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, American beech, durian, red cedar, leeched tree, champak, , Taiwan ash, camphor tree, zebra wood, machos, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood. The problem can not be solved by the single use of organic UV absorbers, such as benzophenone, benzotriazole or triazine UV absorbers which protect only in the UV-A and UV-B region. The visible light still bleaches the natural colorants in the cork/wood species. UV absorbers for the visible area, which screen a part of the visible light, are in general pigments. However, when pigments are used alone they have to be used in an effective amount and thereby impart their inherent color and opacity to the coating. WO 2005/005114 suggests a pretreatment of wood in general with specific hydroxy or nitrify groups containing tetramethylpiperidines and applying then a coating over the wood panels, which contains transparent inorganic oxides. However the amounts of transparent oxides needed are too high and impart an undesired color to the substrate. Cork and specific dark wood species are not mentioned. The present invention provides a solution for this problem. It has been found that combinations of organic UV-Absorbers and small amounts of transparent inorganic oxides, such as iron oxides, micronized titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide or carbon black show synergistic effects in terms of color stabilization after light exposure without essentially affecting the initial color. One aspect of the instant invention is a method for protecting cork or wood substrates from discoloration wherein the wood substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut, redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, American beech, durian, red cedar, leeched tree, champa, rubbenA/ood, Taiwan ash, camphor tree, zebra wood, macho, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood; comprising, applying to the cork or wood substrate a coating, which coating contains a) an organic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of the hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, oxanilide and hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorbers or mixtures thereof; and b) an inorganic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of transparent iron oxide, transparent titanium dioxide, transparent zinc oxide, transparent cerium oxide and carbon black or mixtures thereof; wherein the weight ratio of organic UV-absorber to inorganic UV-absorber is from 1000:1 to 10:1. For instance the substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut redwood and mahogany. For example the substrate is cork or alder. Preferably the substrate is cork. Typically the substrate is in the form of a panel or board, which is used in indoor applications, such as flooring. It is, however, also possible to use it in outdoor applications. Preferably the inorganic UV-absorber is a transparent iron oxide or carbon black or a mixture thereof. The inorganic pigments may be present, for example, in the form of nano-particles. The iron oxides typically have a yellow, red or brown shade. The crystal forms are typically of goethite, hematite structure or mixtures thereof. The particle size is typically 50-100 nm in length, 10-20 nm wide and 2-5 nm thick. The specific surfaces measured according to BET are usually higher than 60 m; / g. Alternatively titaniumdioxide may be used, preferably as retile structure. In general iron oxides are preferred. The transparent inorganic pigments are items of commerce. They are produced and sold for example under the trade name Sicotrans® by BASF, under the trade name Hombitec RM® by Sachtleben, under the Tradename Rhodigard® W 200, Rhodigard® S 100 by Rhoda and under the trade name ZinClear® by Advanced Powder Technology Pty Ltd. in the compounds of the formula (I) v is an integer from 1 to 3 and w is 1 or 2 and the substituents Z independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; in the compounds of the formula (lla), Ri is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, cycloalkyl having 5 to 8 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula R4 and R5 independently of one another are alkyl having in each case 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or R4, together with the radical CnHan+i-m. forms a cycloalkyl radical having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, m is 1 or 2, n is an integer from 2 to 20 and M is a radical of the formula -COORe in which Re is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxyali;yl having in each case 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and in the alkoxy moiety or phenytalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, R2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, and R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms or -COORe in which Re is as defined above, at least one of the radicals Ri and R2 being other than hydrogen; in the compounds of the formula (lib) T is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Ti is hydrogen, chlorine or alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 1 or 2 and, if n is 1, T4 and T5 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl which has 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTSC-, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety or hydroxyalkyi having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, Te is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyi having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, Ty is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or - CH2OT8, Ts is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyi having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, T9 is alkylene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, alkynylene having 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexylene, alkylene which has 2 to 8 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -0-, or a radical of the formula - CH2CH(OH)CH20TiiOCH2CH(OH)CH2- or -CH2-C(CH20H)2-CH2-, T10 is alkylene which has 2 to 20 carbon atoms and can be interrupted once or several times by -0-, or cyclohexylene, T11 is alkylene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkylene which has 2 to 18 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -0-, 1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3- phenylene or 1,4-phenylene, or T10 and Te, together with the two nitrogen atoms, are a piperazine ring; in the compounds of formula (lie) R'2 is Ci-Ci2alkyl and k is a number from 1 to 4; in the compounds of the formula (III) u is 1 or 2 and r is an integer from 1 to 3, the substituents Yi independently of one another are hydrogen, hydroxyl, phenyl or halogen, halogenomethyl, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by a group -C00(Ci-Ci8alkyl); if u is 1, Y2 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy!, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; alkyl which has 1 to 12 carbon atoms and is substituted by -COOH, -COOYs, -CONH2, - CONHYg, -CONY9Y10, -NH2, -NHY9, -NY9Y10, -NHCOY11, -CN and/or-OCOY11; alkyl which has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, glycidyl, cyclohexyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and/or -OCOYn, phenylalkyi which has 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, chlorine and/or methyl, -COY12 or -SO2Y13, or, if u is 2, Y2 is alkylene having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, xylylene, alkylene which has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more -O- atoms and/or is substituted by hydroxyl, -CH2CH(OH)CH2-0-Yi5-OCH2CH(OH)CH2, -CO-Y16-CO-, - CO-NH-Y17-NH-CO- or -(CH2)m-C02-Yi8-OCO-(CH2)m. in which m is 1, 2 or 3, Ye is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl which has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or -NTe- and/or is substituted by hydroxyl, alkyl which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is substituted by - P(0)(OYi4)2, -NY9Y10 or -OCOY11 and/or hydroxyl, aikenyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, or phenylalkyi having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, Yg and Y10 independently of one another are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, dialkylaminoalkyi having 4 to 16 carbon atoms or cyclohexyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or Yg and Y10 together are alkylene, oxaalkylene or azaalkylene having in each case 3 to 9 carbon atoms, Y11 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl, Y12 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenoxy, alkylamino having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or phenylamino, Yi3 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl or alkylphenyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, Yi4 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl, Yi5 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene or a group -phenylene-M-phenylene- in which M is -0-, -S-, -SOz-, -CH2- or -C(CH3)2-, Y16 is alkylene, oxaalkylene or thiaalkylene having in each case 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene or alkenylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, Yi7 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene or alkylphenylene having 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, and Yi8 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or alkylene which has 4 to 20 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by oxygen; in the compounds of the formula (IV) x is an integer from 1 to 3 and the substituents L independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio having in each case 1 to 22 carbon atoms, phenoxy or phenylthio. Ci-Ci8alkyl may be linear or branched. Examples of alkyl having up to 18 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopientyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethyl-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, tiexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadeeyl. In the compounds of the formula (Ha) Ri can be hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadeeyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl and also corresponding branched isomers. Furthermore, in addition to phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms In the alkyl moiety, for example benzyl, Ri can also be cycloalkyi having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl, or a radical of the formula R. R5 n 2n+1-m m which R4 and R5 independently of one another are alkyl having In each case 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular methyl, or R4, together with the CnH2n+i-m radical, forms a cycloalkyi radical having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl. M is a radical of the formula -COORe in which Re is not only hydrogen but also alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl and alkoxy moieties. Suitable alkyl radicals Re are those enumerated for Ri. Examples of suitable alkoxyalkyl groups are -C2H4OC2H5, -G2H4OG8H17 and -C4H8OC4H9. As phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Re is, for example, benzyl, cumyl, a-methylbenzyl or phenylbutyl. In addition to hydrogen and halogen, for example chlorine and bromine, R2 can also be alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such alkyl radicals are indicated in the definitions of Ri. R2 can also be phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example benzyl, a-methylbenzyl and cumyl. Halogen as a substituent means in all cases fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine and more preferably chlorine. At least one of the radicals Ri and R2 must be other than hydrogen. In addition to hydrogen or chlorine, R3 is also alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methyl, butyl, methoxy and ethoxy, and also -COORe. In the compounds of the formula (lib) T is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl and butyl, Ti is not only hydrogen or chlorine, but also alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methyh methoxy and butoxy, and, if n is 1, T2 is chlorine or a radical of the formula -OT3 or -NT4T5. T3 is here hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (cf. the definition of Ri). These alkyl radicals can be substituted by 1 to 3 hydroxy! groups or by a radical -OCOTe. Furthermore, T3 can be alkyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (cf. the definition of Ri) which is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTs- and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl or -OCOTe. Examples of T3 as cycloalkyi are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cyclooctyl. T3 can also be alkenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable alkenyl radicals are derived from the alkyl radicals enumerated in the definitions of Ri. These alkenyl radicals can be substituted by hydroxyl. Examples of T3 as phenylalkyi are benzyl, phenylethyl, cumyl, a-methylbenzyl or benzyl. T3 can also be a radical of the formula O -CH.CH(OH)-T,or _;_/_\ . H. ; Like T3, T4 and T5 can, independently of one another, be not only hydrogen but also alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl which has 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTe-. T4 and T5 can also be cycloalkyi having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl. Examples of T4 and Tsas alkenyl groups can be found in the illustrations of T3. Examples of T4 and T5 as phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety are benzyl or phenylbutyl. Finally, these substituents can also be hydroxyalkyi having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Cr-CgPhenylalkyt which is substituted on the phenyl radical by -OH and/or by alkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms is for example methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl. Examples of alkenyl are allyl, 2-methallyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl. Allyl is preferred. The carbon atom in position 1 is preferably saturated. Examples of alkylene are methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, hexamethylene, trimethylhexamethylene, octa-methylene and decamethylene. Examples of alkenylene are butenylene, pentenylene and hexenylene. Ce-Cia arylene is preferably phenylene. Alkyl interrupted by O is for example -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-O-CH3- or -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3-. It is preferably derived from polyethlene glycol. A general description is -((CH2)a-0)b-H/CH3, wherein a is a number from 1 to 6 and b is a number from 2 to 10. C2-C10 oxaalkylene and C2-Ciothiaalkylene can be deduced from the above mentioned alkylene groups by substituting one or more carbon atoms by an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom. Specific examples of 2-hydroxybenzophenones are for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives. Specific examples of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles are for example 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ben-zotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl- 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphe-nyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hy-droxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-{3'-tert-butyi-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyi)-5-chloro-benzotria2ole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyI]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)car-bonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzo-triazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyioxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CHJCHJ—COO-CH2CH2-; where R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'- hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(a,a-dlmethylbenzyl)-5'-( 1,1,3,3-tetra-methylbutyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(a,a-dime-thylbenzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole. Specific examples of 2-(2-hydroxypheny!)-1,3,5-triazines are for example 2,4,6-tris(2- hydroxy-4-octyioxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dime- thylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tria2ine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4- octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)- 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tria2ine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxy-propyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxy-phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1 -oxy)-2-hydroxy-propyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethyl-hexyl)oxy)phenyl-4,6-di(4-phenyl)phenyl-1,3,5-triazine. For instance the hydroxyphenyi-triazine UV-absorbers are of formulae: Specific examples for oxamides are for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilJde, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides. The above mentioned UV-absorbers are largely items of commerce and for example known as Tinuvin® 109, 171, 326, 327, 328, 350, 360, 384, 400, 405, 411 or Chimassorb® 81 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals or Cyasorb® 1164 from Cytech Inc. In many cases it may be of advantage to use a combination of UV-absorbers from different classes, such as for example a benzophenone UV-absorber with a benzotriazole UV-absorber or a hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorber with a benzotriazole UV-absorber. If such a combination is used, the weight ratio between both UV-absorbers is for example from 1:5 to 5:1, for instanc from 1:3 to 3:1, particularly 1:1.5 to 1.5:1. When a water based coating is applied the organic UV-absorber is advantageously in the form of concentrated aqueous polymer dispersion with a particle size of less than 1000 nm, prepared by heterophase radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of the UV-absorber. Such preparations are, for example, described in WO 05/023878. Principally a variety of coatings may be applied, for example, those listed below: a) Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, ureas and melamines on the other hand, such as phenol/formaldehyde resins, urea/formaldehyde re¬sins and melamine/formaldehyde resins. b) Drying and non-drying alkyd resins. c) Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking agents, and also halogen-containing modifications thereof of low flammability. c;; d) Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, for example epoxy acry-lates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates. e) Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins. f) Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, e.g. products of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and bisphenol F, which are crosslinked with customary hardeners such as anhydrides or amines, with or without accelerators. In principal the coating is solvent based or water based and contains a binder, which is selected from the group consisting of alkyd resins, modified alkyd resins, alkyd urethane resins, alkyd silicone resins, autocrosslinking or non-autocrosslinking acrylic resins, polyester resins, drying oils, phenolic resins and nitrocellulose or mixtures thereof. Typical examples of organic solvents, which may suitably be used for the coating compositions are aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones or chlorinated hydrocarbons. Water/solvent mixtures are typically mixtures of water and lower alcohols, glycols or glycol ethers. The coating may also be a radiation-curable, solvent-free formulation of photopolymerisable compounds. Illustrative examples are mixtures of acrylates or methacrylates, unsaturated polyester/styrene mixtures or mixtures of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers or oligomers. Preferably the coating is water based and contains an acrylic or methacrylic resin. For example the amount of organic UV-absorber is from 0.5% to 5%, in particular from 0.5% to 3% by weight based on the weight of the total binder formulation. For instance the amount of inorganic UV-absorber is from 0.002% to 0.5%, in particular from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight based on the weight of the total binder formulation. The coating can be applied to the cork or wood substrate by conventional techniques, for example by spreading, brushing, dipping, deluging or spraying. The coating may contain an additional stabilizer selected from the group consisting of a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer, a phosphite or phosphonite and sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant or mixtures thereof. Examples are given below 1. Antioxidants 1.1. Alkylated monophenols. for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-di-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyt-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-bu-tyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl-phenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-meth-oxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(r-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures there¬of. 1.2. Alkvlthiomethvlphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctyl-thiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol. 1.3. Hvdroquinones and alkylated hvdroquinones. for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade-cyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-bu-tyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy-droxyphenyl) adipate. 1.4. Tocopherols, for example a-tocopherol, p-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, 5-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E). 1.5. Hvdroxylated thiodiphenvl ethers, for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amy)phenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-disulfide. 1.6. Alkvlidenebisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebls(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylldenebis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-lsobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a-methylben-zyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dlmethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methy-lenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoi), 4,4'-methylenebls(6-tert-butyl-2-methylpfienol), 1,1 -bls(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-trls(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1 -bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bls(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopenta-diene, bls[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephtha-late, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphe-nyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane. 1.7. 0-, N- and S-benzvl compounds, for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydi-benzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate. 1.8. Hvdroxvbenzvlated malonates. for example dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyciroxybenzy!)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-te-tramethylbutyl)phe;yl]-2,2-b!s(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate. 1.9. Aromatic hydroxvbenzvl compounds, for example 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethyiben2ene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetram6- thylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol. 1.10. Triazine compounds, for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-tri-azine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben-zyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)iso-cyanurate. 1.11. Benzvlphosphonates, for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphospho-nate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy-droxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid. 1.12. Acvlaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyi N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate. 1.13. Esters of f3-(3,5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvnpropionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethy-lene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hy-droxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylol-propane, 4-hydroxymethy!-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. 1.14. Esters of p-(5-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxv-3-methvlphenvl)DroDionic acid with mono- or poly¬hydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanedi¬ol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethyl-olpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1 -phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert- & butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane. 1.15. Esters of (3-(3,5-dicvclohexvl-4-hvdroxvphenvi)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox-amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy-droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. 1.16. Esters of 3.5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alco¬hols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanedibl, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylehe glycol, pehtaerythritol: tris(hydroxyethyl)isoeyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox-amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy-droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. 1.17. Amides of p-(3.5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvl)propionic acid e.g. N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- • phenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hy-drazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propranyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Nau-gard®XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal). 1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 1.19. Aminic antioxidants, for example N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-bu-tyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl}-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicy-clohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phe-nyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-( 1 -methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyi-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenyl-amine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naph- thylamine, octylated dipfienyiamine, for example p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butyl-aminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyi)amine, 2,6-dl-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bls[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenyl-amino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)plnenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenyl-amines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamlnes, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl/isohexyl-diphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octylphenothiazines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene. 2.1. Stericallv hindered amines, for example bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl'4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyi)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensate of 1-(2- hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert- octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)- bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyioxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5- di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4- dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethy!enediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropyiamino)ethane, the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyipiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyI)pyrroiidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyi)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine, a condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, a condensate of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-tria2ine as well as 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No. [136504-96-6]); a condensate of 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as well as N,N-dlbutylamine and 4- butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No. [192268-64-7]); N-(2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-( 1,2,2,e,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n- dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro- [4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyi)hexa- methylenediamine, a diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid with 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperldine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, a reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-a-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ami-nopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydr-oxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Reg. No. 106917-31-1], 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trinnethyl-2-morpholinone, the reaction product of 2,4-bis-[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-ami-nopropyl)ethylenediamine), 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)-amino)-s-triazine. 3. Phosphites and phosphonites. for example triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyi phosphites, phenyldialkyi phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phos¬phite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyi)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristea-ryl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite. 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2"-nitrilo-[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-biphenyl-2,2'-diyi)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-te-tra-tert-butyl-1,r-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphirane. The following phosphites are especially preferred: Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (lrgafos®168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(no-nylphenyl) phosphite, In a specific embodiment of the invention the cork or wood substrate has been pretreated with an aqueous and/or organic solution of a) bis(1-oxyl-2,2-6-6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; b) bis(1-hydroxy-2,2-6-6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; c) 1-hydroxy-2,2-6-6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidinium citrate; d) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidine; e) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidine; f) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium bisulfate; g) 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine; h) 1-hydroxy -2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine; i) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidinium acetate; j) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidine; k) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidine; I) 1 -hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidinium acetate; m) 1-oxyi-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidine; n) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidine; o) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidine; p) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidinium acetate; q) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidine; r) 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-4-oxapentoxy)piperidine; s) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-4-oxapentoxy)piperidinium acetate; t) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine; u) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine; v) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium chloride; w) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium acetate; x) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium bisulfate; y) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium citrate; z) bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) citrate; aa)tris(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) citrate, bb) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) ethylenediaminetetraacetate; (cc) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) ethylenediamine¬tetraacetate; (dd) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) ethylenediaminetetra¬acetate; (ee) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate; (ff) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate; (gg) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) dlethylenetriaminepenta-acetate; (hh) tri(1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (ii) tri(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (jj) tri(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (kk) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate; (It) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate; (mm) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate or mixtures thereof. The pretreatment can be applied to the wood by conventional techniques, for example by impregnating, spreading, brushing, dipping, deluging or spraying. Also impregnating under high pressure or under vacuum is possible. Such a pretreatment of wood has been described in WO 2005/005114. In a preferred embodiment the cork or wood substrate has been pretreated with an aqueous and/or organic solution of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. The hindered amine compounds are known and partially commercially available, such as Lignostab® 1198 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. or may be produced by chemical standard methods. Examples are given in J. Polym Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 277-281 (1984) and in US 4,831 134. The salts are readiliy prepared from the corresponding amine precursor and a suitable acid. The intermediates needed to make the instant compounds are largely items of commerce. For example the hindered amine compound is applied in an amount of 0.1-10 %, preferably from 0.1-5% and more preferably from 0.2-2% by weight based on the weight of the stain or impregantion. A further aspect of the invention is the use of a combination of an organic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of the hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxyphenylbenzo-triazole, oxanilide and hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorbers or mixtures thereof; and an inorganic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of transparent iron oxide, transparent titanium dioxide, transparent zinc oxide, transparent cerium oxide and carbon biack or mixtures thereof; in a weight ratio of organic UV-absorber to inorganic UV-absorber from 1000:1 to 10:1 for protecting cork or wood substrates from discoloration wherein the wood substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meranti, oak, cherry, teak, nut redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, american beech, durian, red cedar, leichhardt tree, champa, rubberwood, taiwan ash, campher tree, zebra wood, makha, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood. Preferences and definitions have already been given. They apply also for the other aspect of the invention. The following examples illustrate the invention. Example 1: Light stabilization of cork The additives and pigments given in table 1 are added to the waterbome acrylic dispersion (see formulation table 2). The pigments are added pre-dispersed and used as concentrates (see table 3). The paint is applied on the cork panel by brush in two layers (approximately 100-110g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference (DE) is measured according to DIN 6174 before and after 100 hours exposure to Xenon lamp light according DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below; Machine type; Atlas Weather-0-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack) Light Source; 6.5 kW Xenon burner water-cooled Filter combination; Outer filter "Sodalime" (Window glass) / Inner filter Boro S Procedure; C Cycle Conditions; Permanent light 0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled (50±2) °C Black panel temperature (50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period I The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and almost no bleaching effect is visible. Example 2: Waterborne Acrylic on Alder The additives given in Table 1 are added to the waterborne acrylic dispersion (see formulation table 2). The pigments are added pre-dispersed and used as concentrate (see table 3). The paint is applied on the wood panel by brush in two layers (approximately 110g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference (DE) is measured according DIN 6174 before and after 100 hours exposure to Xenon lamp light according to DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below: Machine type; Atlas Weather-O-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack) Light Source: 6.5 l Filter combination: Outer filter "Sodalime" (Window glass) / Inner filter Bore S Procedure: C Cycle Conditions: Permanent light 0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled (50±2) °C Black panel temperature (50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period 1) Sicotrans® Yellow LI916 and Sicotrans® Red L 2815 are transparent iron oxides from BASF 2) TINUVIN® 477 DW is a UV-Absorber (20% active UVA) from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. 3) Based on total paint 4) Amount of inorganic and organic UVA corresponds to 2% active UVA 5 TINUVIN 5100 is a satirically laundered amine light stabilizer from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and almost no bleaching effect is visible. Example 3: Solventborne Alkyd on Exotic Wood The additives given in Table 1 are added to the solventborne alkyd paint (see formulation table 2), The pigment preparations are added in delivery form (see table 3). The paint is applied on the wood panel by brush in two layers (approximately 100 g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference (DE") is measured according DIN 6174 before and after 1000 hours exposure to Xenon lamp light according to DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below: Machine type: Atlas Weather-0-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack) Light source: 6.5kW Xenon burner water-cooled Filter combination: Outer filter Boro S / Inner filter Boro S Procedure: A Cycle conditions: 102 min Light 0.35 W/m= @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled (60±2) °C Black panel tennperature (50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period 18 min Light and Spray 0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled (35±2) °C Black panel temperature (95±5) % Rel. humidity 1) Pigmented preparation from BASF (www.basf.de); highly concentrated paste based on organic binders and solvents; can be stirred directly into the binder. Used in delivery form 2) SICOFLASH®' P Schwarz 0054: 20% TIO 3) SICOFLUSH®; P Gelb 1916: 35% TIO 4) SICOFLUSH®' P Rot 2817: 35% TIO The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and the color deviation is significantly reduced. CLAIMS 1 - Process for dispersing solid particles in a particulate polymer, which comprises the steps of (a) forming a solution (OS) of particles of a polymer (PI) in an organic solvent (S); (b) forming an aqueous dispersion (AD) of solid particles (P2); (c) mixing said solution (OS) with said dispersion (AD) as to obtain a liquid mixture (M), while avoiding substantial precipitation of either polymer (PI) or particles (P2); (d) mixing said liquid mixture (M) with a non solvent (NS) as to obtain a slurry (SL) comprising particles (P3); a phase transfer agent (PTA) being further present during steps (b), (c) and/or (d). 2 - Process according to claim 1, wherein a phase-separator compound (PS), compatible with the solvent (S) and incompatible with the non-solvent (NS) used in step (d) is present during the formation of solution (OS). 3 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (PI) is a synthetic thermoplastic polymer. 4 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein particles (P2) are nanoparticles. 5 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein particles (P2) comprise an organic water-dispersible polymer, 6 - Process according to claim 5, wherein polymeric particles (P2) have been synthesized according to a polymerization process comprising at least one step performed in an aqueous medium. 7 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein aqueous dispersion (AD) comprises an ionic surfactant. 20 8 - Process according to claim 7, wherein the ionic surfactant is an anionic surfactant. 9 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the solution (OS) is added to the aqueous dispersion (AD), the latter being diluted with water. 10 - Process according to claim 9, wherein said water is saturated with an amount of an organic solvent (S) miscible therewith. ] 1 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the non-solvent (NS) is water. 12 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the organic solvent (S) and the non-solvent (NS) form an azeotropic mixture. 13 - Process according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the phase transfer agent (PTA) is generated in situ through an ion exchange reaction involving the surfactant. 14 - Process according to the preceding claim, wherein the surfactant is selected among salts of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ions. ] 5 - Process according to the preceding claim, wherein the ion exchange reaction involves an inorganic Bronstedt acid. 16 - Process according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the PTA is added to the liquid mixture (M) at the end of or during step (c). 17 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein organic solvent (S) is distilled from the liquid mixture (M) by the addition of vapor of the non-solvent (NS). 18 - Particles (P3) of polymer (PI) having substantially thoroughly dispersed on their surface, particles of polymer (P2),

Full Text

[9
Color Stabilization of Cork and Colored Woods by the Combined Use of Inorganic and Organic UV-Absorbers
The instant invention relates to a method for the color stabilization of cork and specific dark woods by the combined use of a small amount of inorganic UV-absorbers and an excess of organic UV-absorbers in a protective coating. A further aspect of the invention is the use of such a UV-absorber combination for the color stabilization of cork and specific colored woods.
For example cork panels are typically used in kitchens and bathrooms for flooring. They are typically covered by coatings to protect them from humidity, mechanical impacts and light. These colored cork specimens are very sensitive to UV and visible light. Light causes a bleaching of the initial coloration, resulting in an unwished whitish/grayish appearance. This effect is also known for other colored or dark wood species, such as beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut, redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, American beech, durian, red cedar, leeched tree, champak, , Taiwan ash, camphor tree, zebra wood, machos, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood.
The problem can not be solved by the single use of organic UV absorbers, such as benzophenone, benzotriazole or triazine UV absorbers which protect only in the UV-A and UV-B region. The visible light still bleaches the natural colorants in the cork/wood species.
UV absorbers for the visible area, which screen a part of the visible light, are in general pigments. However, when pigments are used alone they have to be used in an effective amount and thereby impart their inherent color and opacity to the coating.
WO 2005/005114 suggests a pretreatment of wood in general with specific hydroxy or nitrify groups containing tetramethylpiperidines and applying then a coating over the wood panels, which contains transparent inorganic oxides. However the amounts of transparent oxides needed are too high and impart an undesired color to the substrate. Cork and specific dark wood species are not mentioned.
The present invention provides a solution for this problem. It has been found that combinations of organic UV-Absorbers and small amounts of transparent inorganic oxides, such as iron oxides, micronized titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide or carbon black

show synergistic effects in terms of color stabilization after light exposure without essentially affecting the initial color.
One aspect of the instant invention is a method for protecting cork or wood substrates from discoloration wherein the wood substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut, redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, American beech, durian, red cedar, leeched tree, champa, rubbenA/ood, Taiwan ash, camphor tree, zebra wood, macho, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood; comprising, applying to the cork or wood substrate a coating, which coating contains
a) an organic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of the hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, oxanilide and hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorbers or mixtures thereof; and
b) an inorganic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of transparent iron oxide, transparent titanium dioxide, transparent zinc oxide, transparent cerium oxide and carbon black or mixtures thereof; wherein
the weight ratio of organic UV-absorber to inorganic UV-absorber is from 1000:1 to 10:1.
For instance the substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meant, oak, cherry, teak, nut redwood and mahogany.
For example the substrate is cork or alder.
Preferably the substrate is cork.
Typically the substrate is in the form of a panel or board, which is used in indoor applications, such as flooring. It is, however, also possible to use it in outdoor applications.
Preferably the inorganic UV-absorber is a transparent iron oxide or carbon black or a mixture thereof.
The inorganic pigments may be present, for example, in the form of nano-particles.

The iron oxides typically have a yellow, red or brown shade. The crystal forms are typically of goethite, hematite structure or mixtures thereof. The particle size is typically 50-100 nm in length, 10-20 nm wide and 2-5 nm thick. The specific surfaces measured according to BET are usually higher than 60 m; / g.
Alternatively titaniumdioxide may be used, preferably as retile structure.
In general iron oxides are preferred.
The transparent inorganic pigments are items of commerce. They are produced and sold for example under the trade name Sicotrans® by BASF, under the trade name Hombitec RM® by Sachtleben, under the Tradename Rhodigard® W 200, Rhodigard® S 100 by Rhoda and under the trade name ZinClear® by Advanced Powder Technology Pty Ltd.

in the compounds of the formula (I) v is an integer from 1 to 3 and w is 1 or 2 and the substituents Z independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
in the compounds of the formula (lla),
Ri is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in
the alkyl moiety, cycloalkyl having 5 to 8 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula

R4 and R5 independently of one another are alkyl having in each case 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
or R4, together with the radical CnHan+i-m. forms a cycloalkyl radical having 5 to 12 carbon
atoms,
m is 1 or 2, n is an integer from 2 to 20 and
M is a radical of the formula -COORe in which

Re is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxyali;yl having in each case 1 to 20
carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and in the alkoxy moiety or phenytalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon
atoms in the alkyl moiety,
R2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and phenylalkyi having 1 to 4
carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, and
R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms or -COORe
in which Re is as defined above, at least one of the radicals Ri and R2 being other than
hydrogen;
in the compounds of the formula (lib)
T is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
Ti is hydrogen, chlorine or alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
n is 1 or 2 and,
if n is 1,

T4 and T5 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl which has 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTSC-, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl

having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4
carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety or hydroxyalkyi having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
Te is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyi having 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl having 1 to 4
carbon atoms, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety,
Ty is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or
substituted by hydroxyl, phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or -
CH2OT8,
Ts is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyi having
5 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon
atoms, or phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety,
T9 is alkylene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, alkynylene
having 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexylene, alkylene which has 2 to 8 carbon atoms and is
interrupted once or several times by -0-, or a radical of the formula -
CH2CH(OH)CH20TiiOCH2CH(OH)CH2- or -CH2-C(CH20H)2-CH2-,
T10 is alkylene which has 2 to 20 carbon atoms and can be interrupted once or several times
by -0-, or cyclohexylene,
T11 is alkylene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkylene which has 2 to 18 carbon atoms and is
interrupted once or several times by -0-, 1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-
phenylene or 1,4-phenylene, or
T10 and Te, together with the two nitrogen atoms, are a piperazine ring;
in the compounds of formula (lie)
R'2 is Ci-Ci2alkyl and k is a number from 1 to 4;
in the compounds of the formula (III)
u is 1 or 2 and r is an integer from 1 to 3, the substituents
Yi independently of one another are hydrogen, hydroxyl, phenyl or halogen, halogenomethyl,
alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 18
carbon atoms which is substituted by a group -C00(Ci-Ci8alkyl);
if u is 1,
Y2 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by
hydroxy!, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
alkyl which has 1 to 12 carbon atoms and is substituted by -COOH, -COOYs, -CONH2, -

CONHYg, -CONY9Y10, -NH2, -NHY9, -NY9Y10, -NHCOY11, -CN and/or-OCOY11;
alkyl which has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms and is
unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aikenyl
having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, glycidyl, cyclohexyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by
hydroxyl, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and/or -OCOYn, phenylalkyi which has 1 to 5
carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, chlorine
and/or methyl, -COY12 or -SO2Y13, or,
if u is 2,
Y2 is alkylene having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 4 to 12 carbon atoms,
xylylene, alkylene which has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more -O- atoms
and/or is substituted by hydroxyl, -CH2CH(OH)CH2-0-Yi5-OCH2CH(OH)CH2, -CO-Y16-CO-, -
CO-NH-Y17-NH-CO- or -(CH2)m-C02-Yi8-OCO-(CH2)m. in which
m is 1, 2 or 3,
Ye is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl which has
3 to 20 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or -NTe- and/or is
substituted by hydroxyl, alkyl which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is substituted by -
P(0)(OYi4)2, -NY9Y10 or -OCOY11 and/or hydroxyl, aikenyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms,
glycidyl, or phenylalkyi having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety,
Yg and Y10 independently of one another are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl
having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, dialkylaminoalkyi having 4 to 16 carbon atoms or cyclohexyl
having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or Yg and Y10 together are alkylene, oxaalkylene or azaalkylene
having in each case 3 to 9 carbon atoms,
Y11 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl,
Y12 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aikenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, alkoxy
having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenoxy, alkylamino having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or
phenylamino,
Yi3 is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl or alkylphenyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in
the alkyl radical,
Yi4 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl,
Yi5 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene or a group -phenylene-M-phenylene-
in which M is -0-, -S-, -SOz-, -CH2- or -C(CH3)2-,
Y16 is alkylene, oxaalkylene or thiaalkylene having in each case 2 to 10 carbon atoms,
phenylene or alkenylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms,
Yi7 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene or alkylphenylene having 1 to 11

carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, and
Yi8 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or alkylene which has 4 to 20 carbon atoms and
is interrupted once or several times by oxygen;
in the compounds of the formula (IV) x is an integer from 1 to 3 and the substituents L independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio having in each case 1 to 22 carbon atoms, phenoxy or phenylthio.
Ci-Ci8alkyl may be linear or branched. Examples of alkyl having up to 18 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopientyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethyl-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, tiexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadeeyl.
In the compounds of the formula (Ha) Ri can be hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadeeyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl and also corresponding branched isomers. Furthermore, in addition to phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms In the alkyl moiety, for example benzyl, Ri can also be cycloalkyi having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, for example

cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl, or a radical of the formula

R.
R5

n 2n+1-m m

which R4 and R5 independently of one another are alkyl having In each case 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular methyl, or R4, together with the CnH2n+i-m radical, forms a cycloalkyi radical having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl. M is a radical of the formula -COORe in which Re is not only hydrogen but also alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl and alkoxy moieties. Suitable alkyl radicals Re are those enumerated for Ri. Examples of suitable alkoxyalkyl groups are -C2H4OC2H5, -G2H4OG8H17 and -C4H8OC4H9. As phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Re is, for example, benzyl, cumyl, a-methylbenzyl or phenylbutyl.
In addition to hydrogen and halogen, for example chlorine and bromine, R2 can also be alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such alkyl radicals are indicated in the definitions

of Ri. R2 can also be phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example benzyl, a-methylbenzyl and cumyl.
Halogen as a substituent means in all cases fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine and more preferably chlorine.
At least one of the radicals Ri and R2 must be other than hydrogen.
In addition to hydrogen or chlorine, R3 is also alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methyl, butyl, methoxy and ethoxy, and also -COORe.
In the compounds of the formula (lib) T is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl and butyl, Ti is not only hydrogen or chlorine, but also alkyl or alkoxy having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methyh methoxy and butoxy, and, if n is 1, T2 is chlorine or a radical of the formula -OT3 or -NT4T5. T3 is here hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (cf. the definition of Ri). These alkyl radicals can be substituted by 1 to 3 hydroxy! groups or by a radical -OCOTe. Furthermore, T3 can be alkyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (cf. the definition of Ri) which is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTs- and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl or -OCOTe. Examples of T3 as cycloalkyi are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cyclooctyl. T3 can also be alkenyl having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable alkenyl radicals are derived from the alkyl radicals enumerated in the definitions of Ri. These alkenyl radicals can be substituted by hydroxyl. Examples of T3 as phenylalkyi are benzyl, phenylethyl, cumyl, a-methylbenzyl or benzyl. T3 can also be a radical of the formula
O
-CH.CH(OH)-T,or _;_/_\ .
H. ;
Like T3, T4 and T5 can, independently of one another, be not only hydrogen but also alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl which has 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is interrupted once or several times by -O- or -NTe-. T4 and T5 can also be cycloalkyi having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl. Examples of T4 and Tsas alkenyl groups can be found in the illustrations of T3. Examples of T4 and T5 as phenylalkyi having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety are benzyl or phenylbutyl. Finally, these substituents can also be hydroxyalkyi having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Cr-CgPhenylalkyt which is substituted on the phenyl radical by -OH and/or by alkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms is for example methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl.
Examples of alkenyl are allyl, 2-methallyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl. Allyl is preferred. The carbon atom in position 1 is preferably saturated.
Examples of alkylene are methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, hexamethylene, trimethylhexamethylene, octa-methylene and decamethylene.
Examples of alkenylene are butenylene, pentenylene and hexenylene.
Ce-Cia arylene is preferably phenylene.
Alkyl interrupted by O is for example -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-O-CH3- or -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3-. It is preferably derived from polyethlene glycol. A general description is -((CH2)a-0)b-H/CH3, wherein a is a number from 1 to 6 and b is a number from 2 to 10.
C2-C10 oxaalkylene and C2-Ciothiaalkylene can be deduced from the above mentioned alkylene groups by substituting one or more carbon atoms by an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom.
Specific examples of 2-hydroxybenzophenones are for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.
Specific examples of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles are for example 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ben-zotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl- 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphe-nyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hy-droxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,

2-{3'-tert-butyi-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyi)-5-chloro-benzotria2ole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyI]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)car-bonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzo-triazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyioxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole
with polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CHJCHJ—COO-CH2CH2-; where R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-
hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(a,a-dlmethylbenzyl)-5'-( 1,1,3,3-tetra-methylbutyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(a,a-dime-thylbenzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole.
Specific examples of 2-(2-hydroxypheny!)-1,3,5-triazines are for example 2,4,6-tris(2-
hydroxy-4-octyioxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dime-
thylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tria2ine,
2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-
4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tria2ine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxy-propyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxy-phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1 -oxy)-2-hydroxy-propyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethyl-hexyl)oxy)phenyl-4,6-di(4-phenyl)phenyl-1,3,5-triazine.
For instance the hydroxyphenyi-triazine UV-absorbers are of formulae:

Specific examples for oxamides are for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilJde, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
The above mentioned UV-absorbers are largely items of commerce and for example known as Tinuvin® 109, 171, 326, 327, 328, 350, 360, 384, 400, 405, 411 or Chimassorb® 81 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals or Cyasorb® 1164 from Cytech Inc.
In many cases it may be of advantage to use a combination of UV-absorbers from different classes, such as for example a benzophenone UV-absorber with a benzotriazole UV-absorber or a hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorber with a benzotriazole UV-absorber. If such a combination is used, the weight ratio between both UV-absorbers is for example from 1:5 to 5:1, for instanc from 1:3 to 3:1, particularly 1:1.5 to 1.5:1.
When a water based coating is applied the organic UV-absorber is advantageously in the form of concentrated aqueous polymer dispersion with a particle size of less than 1000 nm, prepared by heterophase radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of the UV-absorber. Such preparations are, for example, described in WO 05/023878.
Principally a variety of coatings may be applied, for example, those listed below:
a) Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, ureas and melamines on the other hand, such as phenol/formaldehyde resins, urea/formaldehyde re¬sins and melamine/formaldehyde resins.
b) Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.
c) Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking agents, and also halogen-containing modifications thereof of low flammability.

c;;
d) Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, for example epoxy acry-lates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.
e) Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.
f) Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, e.g. products of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and bisphenol F, which are crosslinked with customary hardeners such as anhydrides or amines, with or without accelerators.
In principal the coating is solvent based or water based and contains a binder, which is selected from the group consisting of alkyd resins, modified alkyd resins, alkyd urethane resins, alkyd silicone resins, autocrosslinking or non-autocrosslinking acrylic resins, polyester resins, drying oils, phenolic resins and nitrocellulose or mixtures thereof.
Typical examples of organic solvents, which may suitably be used for the coating compositions are aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones or chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Water/solvent mixtures are typically mixtures of water and lower alcohols, glycols or glycol ethers.
The coating may also be a radiation-curable, solvent-free formulation of photopolymerisable compounds. Illustrative examples are mixtures of acrylates or methacrylates, unsaturated polyester/styrene mixtures or mixtures of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers or oligomers.
Preferably the coating is water based and contains an acrylic or methacrylic resin.
For example the amount of organic UV-absorber is from 0.5% to 5%, in particular from 0.5% to 3% by weight based on the weight of the total binder formulation.

For instance the amount of inorganic UV-absorber is from 0.002% to 0.5%, in particular from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight based on the weight of the total binder formulation.
The coating can be applied to the cork or wood substrate by conventional techniques, for example by spreading, brushing, dipping, deluging or spraying.
The coating may contain an additional stabilizer selected from the group consisting of a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer, a phosphite or phosphonite and sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant or mixtures thereof. Examples are given below
1. Antioxidants
1.1. Alkylated monophenols. for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-di-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyt-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-bu-tyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl-phenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-meth-oxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(r-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures there¬of.
1.2. Alkvlthiomethvlphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctyl-thiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
1.3. Hvdroquinones and alkylated hvdroquinones. for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade-cyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-bu-tyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy-droxyphenyl) adipate.
1.4. Tocopherols, for example a-tocopherol, p-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, 5-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

1.5. Hvdroxylated thiodiphenvl ethers, for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amy)phenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-disulfide.
1.6. Alkvlidenebisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebls(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylldenebis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-lsobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a-methylben-zyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dlmethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methy-lenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoi), 4,4'-methylenebls(6-tert-butyl-2-methylpfienol), 1,1 -bls(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-trls(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1 -bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bls(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopenta-diene, bls[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephtha-late, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphe-nyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.
1.7. 0-, N- and S-benzvl compounds, for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydi-benzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
1.8. Hvdroxvbenzvlated malonates. for example dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyciroxybenzy!)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-te-tramethylbutyl)phe;yl]-2,2-b!s(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

1.9. Aromatic hydroxvbenzvl compounds, for example 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-
benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethyiben2ene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetram6-
thylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
1.10. Triazine compounds, for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-tri-azine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben-zyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)iso-cyanurate.
1.11. Benzvlphosphonates, for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphospho-nate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy-droxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
1.12. Acvlaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyi N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.
1.13. Esters of f3-(3,5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvnpropionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethy-lene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hy-droxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylol-propane, 4-hydroxymethy!-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
1.14. Esters of p-(5-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxv-3-methvlphenvl)DroDionic acid with mono- or poly¬hydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanedi¬ol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethyl-olpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1 -phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-

&
butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane.
1.15. Esters of (3-(3,5-dicvclohexvl-4-hvdroxvphenvi)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox-amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy-droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
1.16. Esters of 3.5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alco¬hols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanedibl, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylehe glycol, pehtaerythritol: tris(hydroxyethyl)isoeyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox-amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy-droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
1.17. Amides of p-(3.5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvphenvl)propionic acid e.g. N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- • phenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hy-drazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propranyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Nau-gard®XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal).
1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
1.19. Aminic antioxidants, for example N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-bu-tyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl}-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicy-clohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phe-nyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-( 1 -methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyi-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenyl-amine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naph-

thylamine, octylated dipfienyiamine, for example p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butyl-aminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyi)amine, 2,6-dl-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bls[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenyl-amino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)plnenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenyl-amines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamlnes, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl/isohexyl-diphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octylphenothiazines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.
2.1. Stericallv hindered amines, for example bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl'4-piperidyl)sebacate,
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyi)sebacate,
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-
piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensate of 1-(2-
hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic
condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-
octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate,
tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-
bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyioxy-
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-
di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-
dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethy!enediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropyiamino)ethane, the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyipiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyI)pyrroiidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyi)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-

tetramethylpiperidine, a condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-
piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, a
condensate of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-tria2ine as well
as 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No. [136504-96-6]); a condensate
of 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as well as N,N-dlbutylamine and 4-
butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No. [192268-64-7]); N-(2,2,6,6-
tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-( 1,2,2,e,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-
dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, a
reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro-
[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-
methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyi)hexa-
methylenediamine, a diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid with 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperldine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, a reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-a-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ami-nopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydr-oxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Reg. No. 106917-31-1], 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trinnethyl-2-morpholinone, the reaction product of 2,4-bis-[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-ami-nopropyl)ethylenediamine), 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)-amino)-s-triazine.
3. Phosphites and phosphonites. for example triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyi phosphites, phenyldialkyi phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phos¬phite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyi)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristea-ryl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite.

6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2"-nitrilo-[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-biphenyl-2,2'-diyi)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-te-tra-tert-butyl-1,r-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphirane.
The following phosphites are especially preferred:
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (lrgafos®168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(no-nylphenyl) phosphite,

In a specific embodiment of the invention the cork or wood substrate has been pretreated with an aqueous and/or organic solution of
a) bis(1-oxyl-2,2-6-6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate;
b) bis(1-hydroxy-2,2-6-6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate;
c) 1-hydroxy-2,2-6-6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidinium citrate;
d) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidine;

e) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidine;
f) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium bisulfate;
g) 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine;
h) 1-hydroxy -2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine;
i) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidinium acetate;
j) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidine;
k) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidine;
I) 1 -hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxy-piperidinium acetate;
m) 1-oxyi-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidine;
n) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetoxypiperidine;
o) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidine;
p) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidinium acetate;
q) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-propoxy-piperidine;
r) 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-4-oxapentoxy)piperidine;
s) 1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-4-oxapentoxy)piperidinium acetate;

t) 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine; u) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine; v) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium chloride; w) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium acetate; x) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium bisulfate; y) 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium citrate; z) bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) citrate; aa)tris(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) citrate, bb) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) ethylenediaminetetraacetate;
(cc) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) ethylenediamine¬tetraacetate;
(dd) tetra(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) ethylenediaminetetra¬acetate;
(ee) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate;
(ff) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate;
(gg) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) dlethylenetriaminepenta-acetate;
(hh) tri(1 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (ii) tri(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (jj) tri(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) nitrilotriacetate; (kk) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate;
(It) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-acetamidopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate;
(mm) penta(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium) diethylenetriamine-pentamethylenephosphonate or mixtures thereof.
The pretreatment can be applied to the wood by conventional techniques, for example by impregnating, spreading, brushing, dipping, deluging or spraying. Also impregnating under high pressure or under vacuum is possible.

Such a pretreatment of wood has been described in WO 2005/005114.
In a preferred embodiment the cork or wood substrate has been pretreated with an aqueous and/or organic solution of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine.
The hindered amine compounds are known and partially commercially available, such as Lignostab® 1198 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. or may be produced by chemical standard methods. Examples are given in J. Polym Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 277-281 (1984) and in US 4,831 134. The salts are readiliy prepared from the corresponding amine precursor and a suitable acid.
The intermediates needed to make the instant compounds are largely items of commerce.
For example the hindered amine compound is applied in an amount of 0.1-10 %, preferably from 0.1-5% and more preferably from 0.2-2% by weight based on the weight of the stain or impregantion.
A further aspect of the invention is the use of a combination of an organic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of the hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxyphenylbenzo-triazole, oxanilide and hydroxyphenyltriazine UV-absorbers or mixtures thereof; and an inorganic UV-absorber selected from the group consisting of transparent iron oxide, transparent titanium dioxide, transparent zinc oxide, transparent cerium oxide and carbon biack or mixtures thereof;
in a weight ratio of organic UV-absorber to inorganic UV-absorber from 1000:1 to 10:1 for protecting cork or wood substrates from discoloration wherein the wood substrate is selected from the group consisting of beech, alder, meranti, oak, cherry, teak, nut redwood, mahogany, eucalyptus, american beech, durian, red cedar, leichhardt tree, champa, rubberwood, taiwan ash, campher tree, zebra wood, makha, rosewood, rain tree and ironwood.
Preferences and definitions have already been given. They apply also for the other aspect of the invention.
The following examples illustrate the invention.

Example 1: Light stabilization of cork
The additives and pigments given in table 1 are added to the waterbome acrylic dispersion (see formulation table 2). The pigments are added pre-dispersed and used as concentrates (see table 3). The paint is applied on the cork panel by brush in two layers (approximately 100-110g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference (DE*) is measured according to DIN 6174 before and after 100 hours exposure to Xenon lamp light according DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below;
Machine type; Atlas Weather-0-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack)
Light Source; 6.5 kW Xenon burner water-cooled
Filter combination; Outer filter "Sodalime" (Window glass) / Inner filter Boro S
Procedure; C
Cycle Conditions;
Permanent light
0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled
(50±2) °C Black panel temperature
(50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period

I
The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and almost no bleaching effect is visible.

Example 2: Waterborne Acrylic on Alder
The additives given in Table 1 are added to the waterborne acrylic dispersion (see
formulation table 2). The pigments are added pre-dispersed and used as concentrate (see
table 3). The paint is applied on the wood panel by brush in two layers (approximately
110g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference
(DE*) is measured according DIN 6174 before and after 100 hours exposure to Xenon lamp
light according to DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below:
Machine type; Atlas Weather-O-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack)
Light Source: 6.5 l Filter combination: Outer filter "Sodalime" (Window glass) / Inner filter Bore S
Procedure: C
Cycle Conditions:
Permanent light
0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled
(50±2) °C Black panel temperature
(50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period

1) Sicotrans® Yellow LI916 and Sicotrans® Red L 2815 are transparent iron oxides from BASF
2) TINUVIN® 477 DW is a UV-Absorber (20% active UVA) from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.
3) Based on total paint
4) Amount of inorganic and organic UVA corresponds to 2% active UVA
5 TINUVIN 5100 is a satirically laundered amine light stabilizer from Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Inc.

The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and almost no bleaching effect is visible.

Example 3: Solventborne Alkyd on Exotic Wood
The additives given in Table 1 are added to the solventborne alkyd paint (see formulation table 2), The pigment preparations are added in delivery form (see table 3). The paint is applied on the wood panel by brush in two layers (approximately 100 g/m; per brush) with a drying time of one day between each layer. The color difference (DE") is measured according DIN 6174 before and after 1000 hours exposure to Xenon lamp light according to DIN EN ISO 11341 C as given below:
Machine type: Atlas Weather-0-meter Ci-65 A (two-tier rack)
Light source: 6.5kW Xenon burner water-cooled
Filter combination: Outer filter Boro S / Inner filter Boro S
Procedure: A
Cycle conditions:
102 min Light
0.35 W/m= @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled
(60±2) °C Black panel tennperature
(50±5) % Rel. humidity at the end of the dry period
18 min Light and Spray
0.35 W/m; @ 340 nm Irradiance, controlled
(35±2) °C Black panel temperature
(95±5) % Rel. humidity

1) Pigmented preparation from BASF (www.basf.de); highly concentrated paste based on
organic binders and solvents; can be stirred directly into the binder. Used in delivery form
2) SICOFLASH®' P Schwarz 0054: 20% TIO
3) SICOFLUSH®; P Gelb 1916: 35% TIO
4) SICOFLUSH®' P Rot 2817: 35% TIO

The above comparative experiments clearly show that the combination of a transparent iron oxide and an organic UV-absorber perform better than the single usage of a transparent iron oxide or the single usage of an organic UV-absorber, a synergistic effect is clearly achieved and the color deviation is significantly reduced.

CLAIMS
1 - Process for dispersing solid particles in a particulate polymer, which
comprises the steps of
(a) forming a solution (OS) of particles of a polymer (PI) in an organic solvent
(S);
(b) forming an aqueous dispersion (AD) of solid particles (P2);
(c) mixing said solution (OS) with said dispersion (AD) as to obtain a liquid mixture (M), while avoiding substantial precipitation of either polymer (PI) or particles (P2);
(d) mixing said liquid mixture (M) with a non solvent (NS) as to obtain a slurry (SL) comprising particles (P3);
a phase transfer agent (PTA) being further present during steps (b), (c) and/or (d).
2 - Process according to claim 1, wherein a phase-separator compound (PS), compatible with the solvent (S) and incompatible with the non-solvent (NS) used in step (d) is present during the formation of solution (OS).
3 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (PI) is a synthetic thermoplastic polymer.
4 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein particles (P2) are nanoparticles.
5 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein particles (P2) comprise an organic water-dispersible polymer,
6 - Process according to claim 5, wherein polymeric particles (P2) have been synthesized according to a polymerization process comprising at least one step performed in an aqueous medium.
7 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein aqueous dispersion (AD) comprises an ionic surfactant.
20

8 - Process according to claim 7, wherein the ionic surfactant is an anionic
surfactant.
9 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the
solution (OS) is added to the aqueous dispersion (AD), the latter being diluted
with water.
10 - Process according to claim 9, wherein said water is saturated with an
amount of an organic solvent (S) miscible therewith.
] 1 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the non-solvent (NS) is water.
12 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the
organic solvent (S) and the non-solvent (NS) form an azeotropic mixture.
13 - Process according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the phase transfer
agent (PTA) is generated in situ through an ion exchange reaction involving the surfactant.
14 - Process according to the preceding claim, wherein the surfactant is
selected among salts of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ions.
] 5 - Process according to the preceding claim, wherein the ion exchange reaction involves an inorganic Bronstedt acid.
16 - Process according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the PTA is added to the liquid mixture (M) at the end of or during step (c).
17 - Process according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein organic solvent (S) is distilled from the liquid mixture (M) by the addition of vapor of the non-solvent (NS).
18 - Particles (P3) of polymer (PI) having substantially thoroughly
dispersed on their surface, particles of polymer (P2),

Documents:

http://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/GrantedSearch/viewdoc.aspx?id=ERIQSx25UeOjqIBN5GqvTQ==&loc=egcICQiyoj82NGgGrC5ChA==

« Previous Patent

Next Patent »

Patent Number

278057

Indian Patent Application Number

2776/CHENP/2008

PG Journal Number

52/2016

Publication Date

16-Dec-2016

Grant Date

09-Dec-2016

Date of Filing

03-Jun-2008

Name of Patentee

BASF SE

Applicant Address

Ludwigshafen,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	SCHALLER, CHRISTIAN, MARCUS	CLARAGRABEN 123, CH-4057 BASEL SWITZERLAND
2	MEYER, RAPHAEL,	BIRKENSTRASSE 1, CH-4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND;

PCT International Classification Number

B27K3/52

PCT International Application Number

PCT/EP06/67743

PCT International Filing date

2006-10-25

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	05110331.5	2005-11-04	EUROPEAN UNION