Title of Invention	Method of machining a nonferrous metal workpiece
Abstract	An additive for an aqueous metalworking fluid (MWF) comprises a C12-20 fatty acid neutralized with at least one of an amine, alkanolamine and a caustic. The additive is designed for use in an aqueous MWF having a pH of at least about 7 and comprising at least about 0.10 weight percent, based on the weight of the MWF, of the neutralized C12-20 fatty acid. The additive inhibits the staining of ferrous and nonferrous metals during and after machining.

Title of Invention

Method of machining a nonferrous metal workpiece

Abstract

An additive for an aqueous metalworking fluid (MWF) comprises a C12-20 fatty acid neutralized with at least one of an amine, alkanolamine and a caustic. The additive is designed for use in an aqueous MWF having a pH of at least about 7 and comprising at least about 0.10 weight percent, based on the weight of the MWF, of the neutralized C12-20 fatty acid. The additive inhibits the staining of ferrous and nonferrous metals during and after machining.

Full Text	M^TALWORKING fluids comprising VEUTRi fattv acid? FIELD OF TffE P^'lT^'TIO^ This invention rciaics lo msiaiworidng fluids, in one asoi^ci. ti^e invention rtiaie:- ic aqueous nietalworking Quids; fMW'i wiiiic iii anoihe- aspeci. the invcmifm relates TO aqueous thai iniiibit the staining cf aluminiitii and jther "leiais. in yw anoTnsr aspeci. liie invention relates to aqueous MWF that comprise neutralized fett}' acids >A hile in still another asneci. rlie invention relates to various raethod« ofusiaR the MWf. BACKGROUND OF THE IN\"ENTTON Aqueous metai^-^Drkiiig fluids arc vveii know'n and wiaei^ ased ocoause their ec^inoi'oic, envij-oniTiontai and 'udeo :;';""':inra2e? over rianioiif oo; iTO'ial^v-no-r dnios -vf-!/;. cV^ -O .O " ■■"In -O tI-; lO: rrl;: 0:0 O-O . : 0 T, . o - not car"' the ob-ious civ-drC'nn'onird cvrdon. "t;.:- petrolCun>ba>zd iluid: caiT-", Hov.'evc;'. K^p'-od d'-rOr auueou' d'Cdd" rnuv -d:::. .'-d;;;-;: -p-e; rvcc.i-d.. ■ dur'Tiv sioracc and uk-. /\queou;. MWr comprise most!}' ^valer, lyplcaii^ in exce=^ n- nfier v. o; weight percent fwt'Md ^\'ater tends co stain certain tcrrou: and ncnferrou: worlipiece^. particularK' aluminum, under Tvpicai metal v-.^orking conditions, especially u the :MvVi' has a rciaiivch' high pl-i. e.g.. above 9. vvliich i.s i)'picai of mam aqueous iv'iWF Ceiiain maienais. ho\ve\'cr, can be incorporared uito the aqueous ivi vdF lo impede the siaming 03 fnc worirpiece. e.g.. sodium .silicate and phosphate esters, bui tiiese materials often have deficiencies of their o'A'n, ^-a;- example, sine.a^es lena lo :ren--?-a;;c5 rec\-cling of the and phosphate esier; arc SUP;?:: ID '-elariv:-:" :AR..D aeeraaauo:, Accordingij', the metal working indusiry ha? c oonimuin^ iRisrss: tr, tdentifvjn^ aduitive.-. and aqueous Mwj' iormuiaiion;; liiai reduce o:' eiiminair the siainin;; a nicca; ^^M:rkDiccc. particuiai'ly a noiiferrou? niciai \vorkpiece i-Kc aii-iTiiiiLiiTi„ aaring and a niachiniiic operaucn. Moreover, the industn'. particulariy sTTiad aiid mediun; size y:b ^hc^ps. • aave a continuing initrtsl in such ^dditi^■es aad forniuiaticns ihal ai'e on b;yn Ibrrouj: and nonferrous metals because it allows tbcm to avoid the need to purchase and inv.-r,un-y nuikipie aqueous M vv'F, NUMMARY OF THE INVENTION a(.ava:'r!;,;;;c titc .■euo'^ai-ea farra ac;a audia— la vaa ja-aa:c: a^ia:-;o^a^T:' ■.ar:^:'^-. ^a. the a.'e;gi'a ar Ou- squcoas Ivi^^'". laidi lauy "taa aeair^ji^^e.: -.- aa .a : . .;a:ae. aikavioian^ilnt aoc ^ aaustic -a- hert uaed. "aieutralized fatn- aaic aodii^-vad' '^fat'y aa;d addo- ..a ;;;a;la-: Arms mean an essenuaiiy nonaqueous soludon coniprisiaa e£scnuali> dir ;ana acid. This is the form of the neutrali.Ted fatty acid if h is prepared apart froin the remainder oi' the aqueous MWla in this form, the additive can be packaged, stored andybr sold to distributors and/or end users. "'-oriccriir:,ic". "rrtaMerbHch"' ajid similar lerm; lAtzz. 'ae r£C:u-;rslii:r:a o;.;- rcf- diluted with waier. oi: and-or another iunciicna: coniponen' -rP the aaucou: '-i^-'" '^'-urnLiitv diiuteu" mean.', the conceniraie requires further dikiiior.. Lyoicahy vvith waisr hcfiyrc i if -ead- for use as an aqueous ]\'Wp Typically, the conceniraie ccmini-ises at ieasi .TViO- -'OiCfiiiv a" least aDOu; 5 ano occasionally ai, much a:; If more, ut'd, of rne neutralize:: rato aou 'he concentrate typically contains less than 95. more iypically less than about 75 and even more topically less ihan about 50. ^vatcr. The cotiocniratc can be ii'iade direcily from tiie addiivre. e.g., diluting the additive with water and optionally adding other coraponems of the MWF, or tiie concentrate can be luadc from scratch, e.g.. ihe ntuiralized fairy acid is made in sHu by die separate addition of the fart}; acid and neutra!i2:ng aceot. "'he coocenrrate. i:ke tnc sdciti'V:, car be packaged, sio'-ed anddor sold to distributors and/c: c..;d uscro leady ;do use i^o liv;. yo;;::. .^c;.::;.. u:: r o v.cy^ - .. :: . ■ . : diitifoii ^'/db o" e.y. jihc; --vil-lc r :• :'.:o, v; yy,"::-. ■ " . ■ 95 or moie'.veiaat oc.-ccnt v-atcr. Ld.e the c.:ocroi-otc-: vt de y:oy ■ oo: .co:.-'-; ■ ; y; . . : -v-dcAfy vob : dd':;:--: -- . - ■ morcd or direcriy f-'o.; me individual ooniporieot;;, u;:- ..r,. ..nj oit^io/o .voc/. - o neuuaiized ;auv acic can oe aadec! directly, i.e.. as tnc ni-r'-v^usy-' nreparec :.:Ty -cic additive, or it can be prepared in .kHu. i.e.. the ratn' acid and iieutralizins agen; car. he aadea separately in then- aoDrooriatc ctinounts. "Neutraiizmt: asent'" and similar Icntii mean any amine a'kanoiaminc o; caustiC Iha: i; compatible with the other components oi' the MW'F. and that can neutralized the fatty acid coinpcnent ot-it ]\4VvT v/Kii;: rciaining ibc subsvamial soh-fcibry af ihe fa- acad, "Substantial soiubiiin" nieans rna: in- any Dreciciraiio:: of ni; !joutraiiZac: ratt-. aaaa riaaiiLiiDit in the conlextorits eincaa> aa a siair imiibiuuL; oonioonen: aaLieaia a-'Va- in anoUisv embodimen; the inventior. i: a n'tetiiCia to- niacmninu a: --- ., tT>a-a; workpiece, the me\hod comprising machining the workoiece using an aooeous MWi' haaana a pH of at leiisi about 7 and ooay-risiiig ai least about (a] aa:;ed ou tlie ^vejoja of the aquooiis MWF. ol'a C\|-.2o latty acid neut?-aiized with at least one of an amine, alkanolantine and a caustic, The aqueous MWF of this invention are used in the same manner ss kttowu aqueous MV/F. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRa^^TNGS ricjLre 1 shoav;, dte ir'caev -.: d'. 1- ..-a '.a'^ a- a-a, ^a aa --ay'r a ■ aiavrc _ Fiuurt ^ sho-v; rne image? of tne a^t alunainuit: aiaay a-'un:n 2E. Figures 5/i and 5B shov/thc image: or tPc aiun-iinutr: alio- coupona i-epa^vLra - Figure 6 is a:; iniauc oi alumuiun: alloy and galvanized stce! coupons -iter exposure iv various aqueous MV^T with and without a staining inhibitor. r]gure ' siiov^s the images ol'ihe e-iuminuro ailo;-- acuooni rercried k; Tacie Ex. - i)ESCRiFTION OF THE PREFERREI'} EMBODIMENTS Any C;;.2o fatty acid that n ; is compatible wrb the other coninonerit; of the aaueoun M'^'F o' which !t if a comoonent i\i ear h: nemraiizec ar amine jaar'.!;. and (iiit reduces or eliminates the staining of an aluminum wompieov.- -vhiic 'be -.v.Mkit'ieec is machined using die auueoas MWF. can be used :n the oTaciice af this inr cmh-'O T- ryadiv-. -be fatty acid component of the aqueotis MWF is of the general i'brmula in which n is an integer of at least about preferably at least abou" T ^ ■ a-r a'reTeaa;y\' x yaa^i about and preferably not ii; cxccss af abau' T. mare prtfeaa:;; .a,x- .- ea.; a-- -a'r-.aa-; at The fany aa;a aan aaa:aiij one "!■ ^^'xa axar^a .:ac . ' - ; , . . .. . ara :ra -ia' other aaa'a:ancms or X;C h^IWF. it an>. .aai -,xaa: :a;,aaa. -. x^aaidra: , ., . :..aa-..-. Such "ueix? hicluds arorr>atic. Tad."a"-a.'a ranraarre. nsicgei:. araa Lia^'x gr mI d'.c Aiy- ; .y ■ .a:r. ^"c ■araigh ah^-r. e"-\er 'enae^caa- ^aainr dian dnaar fatty ar'as. -: ;xa:'x.a aa^x" "a^cX. . :a,c arr ■■ xrihli in^'ention Neutralized, iatui-aisu. straighr-chaia fart}' aaijs rxa^anu _ . ;a. car--"a ot IF! or move are less iavorcvi than the '.jtrie'- r.^^utrahzsa taPr," tnat car a: ua; practice o+ thir invention because a greaie- amoun" or sucr fatry acid:-- anna-cnjr an: aaamred ix achieve the same iexel r>f slaii^ inhibition as tha^ nrovidcd b.- the athe- iatt} acidc. al; eisa being equal. RcpreseniatiN^c fa— ac-di thai can b- usrd in die pracric; :if ri::: incvno. n inciade ia-jc acid, mvnstic acKi. nainiira acid. 2-iie;:yidecanoi. cicia. SLcaro acia. c-e:; acid iincici: imoienic acid, aracliidonic acid, ricinrdcic acid. —-.cianoj; acia hcxyl-octtinoic acid, chauimoogric acic. isostearic actd ('inixco isomeri^'e. cij-n-ticosenoic acid. ph>l:anic acid, oristanic acic, -;.c.II-irimethviinae:anoi: acic ana tai! oii rcrr :;cic "dr: latn acids can be used alone or in combination with iwc or more of each oilier Commr-rciaify available Ci^oo fhtn- acids are often mixtures, and thos: mixtures may ccritain aniounis of iarty acids with less than 12 carbon atoms and/or more than 20 carbon atoms. These mixtures can be used in the practice of this invention, and the amount of non-Ci^-^o idity acids in the mixture preferably are less than an inconsequentiai amount, e.g.. less than aboui 10 '- -ight oerce::" the lotal amount of fa; alone or t-dvo3to v^y. , jnc or mere ctl^r 7:: ^ c.--.: . aikanclamines ^nd/---c:tot:ico These amines cornyov?, -'-uoar -econd^oy ao : t are ettd?:' cf ;dmdr";t oxotd:'-' orm';?.ry or ■ v-"-" ^ -oo' . - ■ . i ---o o. o'rc. an;; cor ;r,.o.? o."v"in.;c;!TS ti;at go ;:0-;: ; -r^-o - ■ .. j; the comoadhdi.-.' of on- ;;min: ^'ith the otne- comyo-nonir of d-e v j;:-y.. o- ::tat ■■•;-;;:a imoarl sisnmcan' statu tc the woricpiece Such suosiuuent:- iriciude :th:-;- itrouns RepreseniaTi\'" amines include ammonia (considered an amine for nurposet or this m'-cntrcnr mcthyi-. dimethyl- and irimethylamine, ethyl-, dielpv;- mid trtrtbyiaraine ii-prom ;- ct-n-Dron'o-. and tri-n-propylaminc. isopropyiamine, n-biuyl-. isobuiyi-. :;ec-butyi- and icr;-bur;.lamine. cyclohexylamme. dicyclohexylainine, benz:viamme. a-phenyietiiyiamme. p-phenyietnyiaivnne. ethvienediamino, Teiramethvienediamine. hexamethyienediamine, tetratCi.- ah-yhan-unonium nyuiX'Kioe ■ t.;,. hydn irryneihva'fu"--. vj--.-, aniiine, methyianiinjt, c-. ii> ana o-toiuidine. m- ana p-ananaine na- anc r-ariia-fiaainn-- and hen.ddint y)f particular micrasr and uiiiiiy arc inc aikanoiamines. paruciiiariy iht aiiianoianriner wilh a lower molecular weigiit. Lit:e me amme, me admno:amine aaa oe asao iar.--c -ar :n combinsiion wiih one or more otlicr aikanoianiincs. and--a- in aandiinaiioa wdd; caio ar aiorc amines and/or caustics. The alkanolamine can also bear one or more substiluents that :io not interfere to any significant extent with cither the compatihility oi the aEiaaoIairunc \vith the other components of the if tin}a or tha^ r^'ouid impan ri significant stain ro me N'rorl-.Diree Rcprcsentaiive aU^anolamines include, mono-, di- ;ind med-ian'dandne, nmna-. ai- .-a:-' aaea Oiaa^ar aa^'- aoii!L"'-ara.^- -a-■ -a - ^-.laaa c-.aa:mea ■ aa d^e ..au; aeidforar r, lartr aaio sai. "1-- ta-. -a- ' v:;.-::-.- combinan^'ir '.aan a^e or more other causdcs. and/or in a:;>moimnav-a .am :r ammas ^.na :'r aiitanolamme- Renresentative caustics inciuda sudium: nydriaaK-i mmun irmiraniae aa:aaS:Um hvdroxide. caustic alcohol (e.g.. C2H50Na.i. carbonates, phosphates and the imc. - nuasiutn hydroxide m a preTerred caustic. The fatp- acid and amine, alkanolamine and^or causiic a-e used ir sued ^miounts the fatt}'- acid is effectively iieutraiized. The molar ratio of neutralizing groups uj carboxyl groups is tvpically about 1:1 altiiough some benefit of the invention can be nhrained iishig » siightiy ioxve-- Dcneiicial enrci in one embodjmenr oi the invention., liie neutralized ratt}' acid i? nrcDaroc- anar' o-on- ui- MWF. and then packaged and sold as ar au,ait'vf tot us- in inc rori^.u. concentrate and/or aqueous MWF llinnulaiions. In tnis eu-bedin-ioio. th.t t::oiv acid and netstralizing agent arc mixed in any con\-enkni '"anner. tviticollv ^-ur -MOUi^Tiiir; -n.^er timhieni conditions. In other embodiments, the neutralized fetty acid can be diluted ^vith -vaier andT;r blended with cither components of the concentrate and 'or aqueous MVd- beiore oac,kagina and,ktr use. Dreicrabl; i; d >0 no;, e>:oeed ab':'Ut 0.:^. v-v, r,- iviVv'! The acueous :v["T of thi; inventior:. car. c-ompris. simplv vA'al.c- auo uoauakoe,;' tatt;, acic. but typically comprises a number of otiie; comoonents ai^ v.'ell. Tiie^.^ yt;;c: cmrionent;, can include, hut are not linrited to hvdrocarbor- and.'or synthetic oils,. v,3riou- mnrgar.ic: sales, surface active agents, biocides, lubricants, dyes, dc-foamers. emulsifiers and tiic like. These other components are used in kno\vn amounts and combinations, and the aque^u^. M'vX'V rypicaiiy at isasi ab:aa or jnore ^'.-fU; -A'atf--. eiiher r::;;: c.r jc-!Oiiiz.c:; -atcr The ntj:-^' /.e^u latrv aciQ^^ us-xi u: Inr nracnct OT' ihu' inv-i-iioi, iirt xaicrii-: -nr oln^r - ac;uL;oas; h'l Wr TOrrnulauon t;^ maxinii-e Iht. assir-d neriomiance The aqueous oriiiiK invenuoi! ar: suuaa!: fo^" wrr r,oTn re:-':-;!;- iron, steel and galvanized it&el. and mmrerrous meiais. e.e.. aiun-iinuni and aluniinun", The metal workpi-xcs ar:: :nachined :n kno'-T; anj cnr^'-nii-m.! siid ihr 'itjue:';;-" I •n of this invention are used iu bioVi-n and conventional >.>-ays. In the I'oilowing examples, all parts and percentages are by weight unless .:.thcr.vi>e indicated. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS IC :■ '..■! .. .a .. ^ ia aa£i aiiaainaina A: 606: and Ai 0 : ^Aaih ar :7aa ^r.ac a'airtinuin;- -' aia iirai-iierst: a. tiir soiuaona. Control; "^cra prauaraa usiiii olaii- -aL ^^aie; ana - aar: adjusted to pH 9.5 witii notassium hydroxide. The jars werr sealed under air and placed inio a i-iven C"nur>(>n> v^cr^;' removed and examined tor SLaming atler 2- iiou:;. : ■".■■aaa ana 5 weeks. Staining in the vapor nhasc was reduced in some case; raiative 10 li'it aaiiiM I'or all allo^fi except Ai 3oO. staining was esscntiaSiv clirninaied ;n tii; liquid pha:;e; hghl siaiviuia occurred v.dtb A! 380 but this was far less than that e.Kpsrienced b} the coniroh-a Exroie: sail soiutions reponed m 'iaDlc werr pr-na-'t.: i;-. rii;-:;!c:c. ..a;: Nana u- ncuiraii:']ng agen; ieveis adiusrec ro aciiievc a pid of . in diis exarapie, oni; die ncutraiize tall oil IS rsnresentaiivc of ti:ic invention . . Taibic Ex;. 2A Wetgiit .Salt ir. Solution (pH 9.0) Poric ; BcnaoiC : Lactic ^ 2-ami.T.:i-2-m L'.ihyi-1 -Dropano] i ; 1 0.4 a.j? i U.46 ■ 1 ; 0.4a ' 0.33 1 Z-amino-l-buiano! O.??' j 4 n j 0.47 1 ! 1 G.40 ! 0.35 0.43 i ; 1 Ejiarolaminc T'I C" f ' 0.35 ' i ; ■1.3- ! a.3a ' 0.36 j Isopropanoiainini: f; -i- a 4_ ; .(i.42 i riguses is:'.- eptabniO. e; r ■•■.•iui die ase: of -'ori:pi; v.'as iitihi. A'en" light or none. Table Ex. 2B Al 21124 Sraininjj Resuit^ - Liquid Conusci: ^reat- 'T ^recK^ ar Buric Htnzo!'. NcoaecaiiC'R 'i a!; Oi; • 2-airiino-2-merhy!- • -propanoi i Dan-: 1 ; iviedniii. ; jgiiT ; Dan: ! Njtir Dud: ; l-aminc-i-DUiann! Dane ' Mediun- i iithar.'Oiarrsinc Dark jvisdiuK L.:2ni ; Da-!; • None Da.-;. Isopropanol'd-n-iBc Da--k Ivied iurri 1 Lighi ; Da-t: ; i D-d-k Digjycolamine Dark ! Iv'isd'urrj ! ■ Darl: \| None i ; : Dal-k ! 1 Dark ; Msdiuti: Liih-i D-i: Won? 1 DarK i Table Ex. 2C O^vs ^irdiu-:; Dar:: i i.frdiun- N-b^;" ici-hsnoii-in^ Ai 6061 StamiKg Rcsiiks - liqnsd Conrticf '5 --etkK at 40^C ■irk : ' '.'r^i'iv;; Table F;-:. 2D A! 'f 5 Sffiinirvg ~ Litnsid Conraet Ar-eji- (t v,.peiC5 k^r ^C' ; licri; : Bonzo;: i i 1 " ak an - ■ aa/ar ! 2-aininC"l-mctby!-;-oropanoi Dan: j iviedliu!: ! Jv'iv^dillK: Dark IvJCCiKiri: ^ J-srTiir.i:'-; -Diufifio! I'ari ' IvAdiun". !viea;u;r '■jonv ivi^a ;urr. ; btharjolaiTVnie ivlediarr^ k'iCQTur;" 1 nav. liopropanolanvine Dark ; K'lediiun Medium Dark ; None ; H'icj Diglycoiamine ; hdeciiiiiTi : K'iediam ■ ' Dark ■ ; 1 Med ;am i 1 N -butv'! clh an 0! amine i D3-k Mcdiij— i raec'uni ! DsH iv'te- —" — [ Table Ex.:£ Al 3SH Stainiag Resiilrs - Liquid ConiacT Area; r? -Aeics a: 4(i°C Example 3 In order lo deiermine the eQeci of ci:iain ievigth on ibr tincac. vd'^alr^■ a.id ai;;aiAdanaia;r slain inhibUora. sails rangmg Irorn neodecaooia isec Eaampie 1 abovir. a oranciie^.: chain monocarboxvlic acid;, iir to bchcnic ia 22-carbor: straight chain naonocarboayli; acid; were evaluated. 'i"he results ibr 0.3% acids tor 0.4% in the case of neodscanoic, neutralized in tap -Vale: -.viu l-aniinr-l-nicTly-l-l-pro-oanol uhl : ;re -:>:ncd 'iai-:;- - \ h risurr- 5a-B '^aoit 3 • r-atf.' Add i ! ./v: "d";' 1 Ncodcciinoic Cio Dark Dark ! Medium L-k Laurie C,; None 1 No^ie i i vC-tie Myristic C [j None None IN C'IIC Palmitic Cie i'lone Nc-'ne None j Noiic Oleic Cis None. None None : • ^^;onc Stearic C)s Da--k Dark ! Dark Behenic Dark i.)ark O-rk Dark ^ Isosiearic-C None ! 1 ' /vone d:one Staining RssultF - Liouic: Contact ar ''V "•D^er:. -no loii v-a i; !ike.iy r-iciu-vea -o 'C; UimoiiBiral::- Ihs reduced (earning lenceu-; o: Dvarivhec laiiv acia saU_ 'ai- opposeu u- .iiraieiu chain iait}- acid sallsi. generic Kj-nlheiic aaueou:., Ww? ■■■m virepared Cm:a2C^ tat vvaier >20 pari?- wrnsi lo i nari conceniraie: Tn.: -ynmeuc iviVF rormLuaiu';: a-nipris';;. ihe Toliowing components: V ompoaent? Deiomsed x^'aier ; "" d /^niiie Dicarboxviaie Salt : iO in\'erse!y Soiubi:? batry hsie- -1 -Prouaiio; Trie;h and amine Bicyclic Oxa^olidine Biocidc j : The diluted base fluid was divided into four ca^^'^.' caiis. and to three r>arts was ad' dcd O.i of the acid salts idenlilled ir Table Hx, 4 belnw Fxycilv nvlbbier- bnl'! af di- neai ba ia placed in 100 ml storpered ^radna^ed cvlinder?, The c; :inde"a then "hakrr TC!" '""w nainuie and avahjatc'd far initial fban v. olunie uln-tc eqaai lo d a'dnuicr and d-.^" a subjacucnriy. I'hc r-A: H::. 4 she"--: 'in- ±o d: Foamhii;' fri;- ^-/nT:; ib 1 in^e Tnnd' base ibnid Bssc Fluid ydi:! Sa r aad ida; ..: a ; a duinr-;. ;-oatn aa'^aai^aaaanc'b: ■ ■ dT Hi n ni;: : isc»5iearic. .■-bil- _ aaia r., a: nai ■ .ad da. —a '• 1 ■■ fionn^ bit in : ml) rr,; ; 40 5d aa i 3 b 45 4:' 40 : 4: 5 I 2n ; ad 45 15 1 3 i " ! ^ 1 i jfrc&mple 5 .staining conLrv: oi ^olcciec aiun-;riu;r. aiio; anC .Luii--..: •;. ' conlrollsd waf.er lesied w;th arid tvirnoui Od' Tiil; dd: rativ Fiiiure SHOWS taat when ihL sail ii: adaed u: Chicago xap wars: aaiustco 'd;. '.vitr: i-IOdi., jiauiini: c-orapleteh- eiiminai,-:; in rnc iiauiG pnasc ure.-.;. ai. d:a!:iir!^ i: :v:>i eliminated in ilie vapor phase areas bccause sail is ra.n-volatiie. Example 6 "^■'arious ciustic neiJtrsiized fstr\' acdd? and CMie '^eu'rrdze:? tatt'" acid ■■trr ■t-'^rd using the prC':.rd.:re ol'Exiimpje 5 aDj\'c; for srardrik cid-d Idd4. d.,'di ano T;','" iJ-.,-;.:-.;:-^-^ Sv;::nmE ^.C/d: /.i-.-'-iMun; Adlv;. y .-d. 'D'dr-ks at 4dr diii :-:Ciie -^v.-ic .-iCid Isostsanc Acic: ' jMOidcsrcG None : i'voi.esicc Noi:. esiiec . hw daii " Ad);-: id:, ■:■ iUtd riuurc " si)'.'", uia; and ini;;';;- neutrftiizcd laii oii iauy acias of thi^ invemior; arc cfiecuve aluminurr: suuiing liiiiiaiLur:; in ar aqueous MWF. The data also shows that caustic-ncutrahzcd isosteanc acid i:; an efecrivc aluminum staining inhibitor, but neodecanoic acid (not a rati}' acid of this invention) is no more effective at inhibiting aiiiiTiinurr; staining than its alkanolamine-neutrali;^ed counteman^. .^itnoijcii line in'^'cnrion nas been ne?cnoea m consA-r-rae aeLi];, jvia;! a' DUTTiose of illustration. Many '.'anaiion'; and inndiiiCOTioa; ran a' rnacM na" a" aaa ja a- j i:; dosaribed iioove oithou; aenanink irorn \be sdii'k anc scope oitna iro-on.ijon a.: aar aeacriDeo in the following claims. All U.S. patents and allowec patent applicaiion? idcnuiieo above, are incorooraied herein bv reference WHATISCLAEVIEDIS: A- aaait-vf fbv a;, aauv::^!- I'liu: . . Xiiin acid nemraiizeci v/nr; a: ic-ast one (v ar ;innne aii:ar!0!:i:n!nr ana 1. The additive CifCiaiiii 1 in wnici;. tiac ran, iic.iu i; :?7aiicnod. 3, Tnc adai::ve of C'iaim 1 in 'vhicn tne :su>- acid is at ieasr o-- laur^c acici. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 2-hex}-!decancic ac^D, oleic acid. JI::olc!C -;CKI. nnoleiiic acid, arachidonic acid, ricinoicic acid, ^-cycloliexenc-i-octanaic; acid. 5-cjirDox^--4-;!c-;yi- ocianoic scid. chriiilmoegric acid, iso?!esric icid^ riA'^sriic acid, yri^unic 4,8,! 2-lrmiethyItridecanoic acid and tall oil fett^' acid. -i. The add:l;^-- ^-'Clain; i i;: vddcn ;he crn^-z :: i',?:; c-A-: ^..n;;. ■r.cdr. ■ -re • d"'i- .:: .-.r, ^ "" Tne add'O-c ■riaim j Ui ••vh:cr UTe iiliiarcMsnji^iC- ;; i; nvj'; ■- and Triellianoiami'ii. mono-, aj- and U"^-isopropaiioiar!iine. digiycoiainine n-i-.u^ ■ • if'th'!;--■ . .^'liiij:: Z-aininL-d-mclbvj-i -Drooanoi. and d-aniinc-l-st;"'-';-. --oroDanca;. /i. 0. Tiie addiiive of Claim 1 in wliicii tiic causuc iS ai ieasi one oi s^^uiulv: i;ydro>aac iittuum hviiroxidc. DOTsssium liydroxidt. a caustic aicohol. a carbonate and a pixisphare, 7, An aqusuuy fviWF comprising tlie additive otXiaini 1. weigh: aqucnii; ivlv-l" of CiaiiT; " ir whic;- tn- roc;!'-^^-,, -h-.tr and abou^ ' v-eiiih' ocrcert;. The v\'F of Claim wiih a pi- ferwre- ^doui ' anc: aboui ! 1. The aqueous of Claim 9 with a pH beiw-en about S ajid aboai 12. A metiiod of machining a metal workpiece. ihe n-sethc-d comprising usina the aqueous MYvT of Claim ?. 13. rbo method cc Claim 12 in v^iiich tbt woApitce is -xoat.:;:rc..LS. comprising if: a Cu.20 fetn" ^cic ncutraiizec with ai iea)ii on; 0: amine. aii:.arj.'::2n~;ne ana caustic, anci ni ^ less vhan aboiii 95 ^vt^iyiii- T"52rc°!T' waie?' 20. An aqueous inetaiworking fluia. iht fiuiu conrcns-iiL ^ a C;-.:': ialiy ijcid nerrrfiiized wiii-; ieasr one of an aminC; aikanoisn-iine and a causnc. and iii : 3- ica" ahou: --'5 weiyijt nercent water

Full Text

M^TALWORKING fluids comprising VEUTRi fattv acid?
FIELD OF TffE P^'lT^'TIO^ This invention rciaics lo msiaiworidng fluids, in one asoi^ci. ti^e invention rtiaie:- ic aqueous nietalworking Quids; fMW'i wiiiic iii anoihe- aspeci. the invcmifm relates TO aqueous thai iniiibit the staining cf aluminiitii and jther "leiais. in yw anoTnsr aspeci. liie invention relates to aqueous MWF that comprise neutralized fett}' acids >A hile in still another asneci. rlie invention relates to various raethod« ofusiaR the MWf.
BACKGROUND OF THE IN\"ENTTON
Aqueous metai^-^Drkiiig fluids arc vveii know'n and wiaei^ ased ocoause their ec^inoi'oic,
envij-oniTiontai and 'udeo :;';""':inra2e? over rianioiif oo; iTO'ial^v-no-r dnios -vf-!/;.
cV^ -O .O " ■■"In -O tI-; lO: rrl;: 0:0 O-O . : 0 T, . o -
not car"' the ob-ious civ-drC'nn'onird cvrdon. "t;.:-
petrolCun>ba>zd iluid: caiT-", Hov.'evc;'. K^p'-od d'-rOr
auueou' d'Cdd" rnuv -d:::. .'-d;;;-;: -p-e; rvcc.i-d.. ■ dur'Tiv sioracc and uk-.
/\queou;. MWr comprise most!}' ^valer, lyplcaii^ in exce=^ n- nfier v. o;
weight percent fwt'Md ^\'ater tends co stain certain tcrrou: and ncnferrou: worlipiece^. particularK' aluminum, under Tvpicai metal v-.^orking conditions, especially u the :MvVi' has a rciaiivch' high pl-i. e.g.. above 9. vvliich i.s i)'picai of mam aqueous iv'iWF Ceiiain maienais. ho\ve\'cr, can be incorporared uito the aqueous ivi vdF lo impede the siaming 03 fnc worirpiece. e.g.. sodium .silicate and phosphate esters, bui tiiese materials often have deficiencies of their o'A'n, ^-a;- example, sine.a^es lena lo :ren--?-a;;c5
rec\-cling of the and phosphate esier; arc SUP;?:: ID '-elariv:-:" :AR..D aeeraaauo:,
Accordingij', the metal working indusiry ha? c oonimuin^ iRisrss: tr, tdentifvjn^ aduitive.-. and aqueous Mwj' iormuiaiion;; liiai reduce o:' eiiminair the siainin;; a nicca; ^^M:rkDiccc. particuiai'ly a noiiferrou? niciai \vorkpiece i-Kc aii-iTiiiiLiiTi„ aaring and a niachiniiic
operaucn. Moreover, the industn'. particulariy sTTiad aiid mediun; size y:b ^hc^ps. • aave a continuing initrtsl in such ^dditi^■es aad forniuiaticns ihal ai'e on b;yn Ibrrouj: and
nonferrous metals because it allows tbcm to avoid the need to purchase and inv.-r,un-y nuikipie aqueous M vv'F,
NUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
a(.ava:'r!;,;;;c titc .■euo'^ai-ea farra ac;a audia— la vaa ja-aa:c: a^ia:-;o^a^T:' ■.ar:^:'^-. ^a.
the a.'e;gi'a ar Ou- squcoas Ivi^^'". laidi lauy "taa aeair^ji^^e.: -.- aa .a : . .;a:ae. aikavioian^ilnt aoc ^ aaustic
-a- hert uaed. "aieutralized fatn- aaic aodii^-vad' '^fat'y aa;d addo- ..a ;;;a;la-: Arms
mean an essenuaiiy nonaqueous soludon coniprisiaa e£scnuali> dir ;ana acid. This is the form of the neutrali.Ted fatty acid if h is prepared apart froin the remainder oi' the aqueous MWla in this form, the additive can be packaged, stored andybr sold to distributors and/or end users.
"'-oriccriir:,ic". "rrtaMerbHch"' ajid similar lerm; lAtzz. 'ae r£C:u-;rslii:r:a o;.;- rcf- diluted with waier. oi: and-or another iunciicna: coniponen' -rP the aaucou: '-i^-'" '^'-urnLiitv diiuteu" mean.', the conceniraie requires further dikiiior.. Lyoicahy vvith waisr hcfiyrc i if -ead- for use as an aqueous ]\'Wp Typically, the conceniraie ccmini-ises at ieasi .TViO- -'OiCfiiiv a" least aDOu; 5 ano occasionally ai, much a:; If more, ut'd, of rne neutralize:: rato aou 'he concentrate typically contains less than 95. more iypically less than about 75 and even more topically less ihan about 50. ^vatcr. The cotiocniratc can be ii'iade direcily from tiie addiivre. e.g., diluting the additive with water and optionally adding other coraponems of the MWF, or tiie concentrate can be luadc from scratch, e.g.. ihe ntuiralized fairy acid is made in sHu by die separate addition of the fart}; acid and neutra!i2:ng aceot. "'he coocenrrate. i:ke tnc sdciti'V:, car be packaged, sio'-ed anddor sold to distributors and/c: c..;d uscro
leady ;do use i^o liv;. yo;;::. .^c;.::;.. u:: r o v.cy^ - .. :: . ■ . :
diitifoii ^'/db o" e.y. jihc; --vil-lc r :• :'.:o, v; yy,"::-. ■ " . ■
95 or moie'.veiaat oc.-ccnt v-atcr. Ld.e the c.:ocroi-otc-: vt de y:oy ■ oo: .co:.-'-; ■ ;
y; . . : -v-dcAfy vob : dd':;:--: -- . - ■
morcd or direcriy f-'o.; me individual ooniporieot;;, u;:- ..r,. ..nj oit^io/o .voc/. - o neuuaiized ;auv acic can oe aadec! directly, i.e.. as tnc ni-r'-v^usy-' nreparec :.:Ty -cic
additive, or it can be prepared in .kHu. i.e.. the ratn' acid and iieutralizins agen; car. he aadea separately in then- aoDrooriatc ctinounts.
"Neutraiizmt: asent'" and similar Icntii mean any amine a'kanoiaminc o; caustiC Iha: i; compatible with the other components oi' the MW'F. and that can neutralized the fatty acid coinpcnent ot-it ]\4VvT v/Kii;: rciaining ibc subsvamial soh-fcibry af ihe fa- acad,
"Substantial soiubiiin" nieans rna: in- any Dreciciraiio:: of ni; !joutraiiZac: ratt-. aaaa riaaiiLiiDit in the conlextorits eincaa> aa a siair imiibiuuL; oonioonen: aaLieaia a-'Va-
in anoUisv embodimen; the inventior. i: a n'tetiiCia to- niacmninu a: --- ., tT>a-a;
workpiece, the me\hod comprising machining the workoiece using an aooeous MWi' haaana a pH of at leiisi about 7 and ooay-risiiig ai least about (a] aa:;ed ou tlie ^vejoja of the aquooiis MWF. ol'a C|-.2o latty acid neut?-aiized with at least one of an amine, alkanolantine and a caustic, The aqueous MWF of this invention are used in the same manner ss kttowu aqueous MV/F.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRa^^TNGS ricjLre 1 shoav;, dte ir'caev -.: d'. 1- ..-a '.a'^ a- a-a, ^a aa --ay'r a ■
aiavrc _
Fiuurt ^ sho-v; rne image? of tne a^t alunainuit: aiaay a-'un:n
2E.
Figures 5/i and 5B shov/thc image: or tPc aiun-iinutr: alio- coupona i-epa^vLra -
Figure 6 is a:; iniauc oi alumuiun: alloy and galvanized stce! coupons -iter exposure iv various aqueous MV^T with and without a staining inhibitor.

r]gure ' siiov^s the images ol'ihe e-iuminuro ailo;-- acuooni rercried k; Tacie Ex. -
i)ESCRiFTION OF THE PREFERREI'} EMBODIMENTS
Any C;;.2o fatty acid that n ; is compatible wrb the other coninonerit; of the aaueoun M'^'F o' which !t if a comoonent i\i ear h: nemraiizec ar amine jaar'.!;.
and (iiit reduces or eliminates the staining of an aluminum wompieov.- -vhiic 'be -.v.Mkit'ieec is machined using die auueoas MWF. can be used :n the oTaciice af this inr cmh-'O T- ryadiv-. -be fatty acid component of the aqueotis MWF is of the general i'brmula
in which n is an integer of at least about preferably at least abou" T ^ ■ a-r a'reTeaa;y\' x yaa^i about and preferably not ii; cxccss af abau' T. mare prtfeaa:;; .a,x- .- ea.; a-- -a'r-.aa-; at The fany aa;a aan aaa:aiij one "!■ ^^'xa axar^a .:ac . ' - ; , . . .. .
ara :ra
-ia'
other aaa'a:ancms or X;C h^IWF. it an>. .aai -,xaa: :a;,aaa. -. x^aaidra: , ., . :..aa-..-.
Such "ueix? hicluds arorr>atic. Tad."a"-a.'a ranraarre. nsicgei:. araa Lia^'x gr
mI d'.c Aiy- ; .y ■ .a:r. ^"c ■araigh ah^-r.
e"-\er 'enae^caa- ^aainr dian dnaar fatty ar'as. -: ;xa:'x.a aa^x" "a^cX. . :a,c arr ■■ xrihli in^'ention Neutralized, iatui-aisu. straighr-chaia fart}' aaijs rxa^anu _ . ;a. car--"a ot IF! or move are less iavorcvi than the '.jtrie'- r.^^utrahzsa taPr," tnat car a: ua;
practice o+ thir invention because a greaie- amoun" or sucr fatry acid:-- anna-cnjr an: aaamred ix achieve the same iexel r>f slaii^ inhibition as tha^ nrovidcd b.- the athe- iatt} acidc. al; eisa being equal.
RcpreseniatiN^c fa— ac-di thai can b- usrd in die pracric; :if ri::: incvno. n inciade ia-jc acid, mvnstic acKi. nainiira acid. 2-iie;:yidecanoi. cicia. SLcaro acia. c-e:; acid iincici: imoienic acid, aracliidonic acid, ricinrdcic acid. —-.cianoj; acia
hcxyl-octtinoic acid, chauimoogric acic. isostearic actd ('inixco isomeri^'e. cij-n-ticosenoic acid. ph>l:anic acid, oristanic acic, -;.c.II-irimethviinae:anoi: acic ana tai! oii rcrr :;cic "dr: latn acids can be used alone or in combination with iwc or more of each oilier Commr-rciaify available Ci^oo fhtn- acids are often mixtures, and thos: mixtures may ccritain aniounis of iarty acids with less than 12 carbon atoms and/or more than 20 carbon atoms. These mixtures can be used in the practice of this invention, and the amount of non-Ci^-^o idity acids in the mixture preferably are less than an inconsequentiai amount, e.g.. less than aboui 10 '- -ight oerce::" the lotal amount of fa;
alone or t-dvo3to v^y. , jnc or mere ctl^r 7:: ^ c.--.: .
aikanclamines ^nd/---c:tot:ico These amines cornyov?, -'-uoar -econd^oy ao : t are ettd?:' cf ;dmdr";t oxotd:'-' orm';?.ry or ■ v-"-" ^ -oo' . - ■ . i ---o o. o'rc.
an;; cor ;r,.o.? o."v"in.;c;!TS ti;at go ;:0-;: ; -r^-o - ■ .. j;
the comoadhdi.-.' of on- ;;min: ^'ith the otne- comyo-nonir of d-e v j;:-y.. o- ::tat ■■•;-;;:a
imoarl sisnmcan' statu tc the woricpiece Such suosiuuent:- iriciude :th:-;- itrouns RepreseniaTi\'" amines include ammonia (considered an amine for nurposet or this m'-cntrcnr mcthyi-. dimethyl- and irimethylamine, ethyl-, dielpv;- mid trtrtbyiaraine ii-prom ;- ct-n-Dron'o-. and tri-n-propylaminc. isopropyiamine, n-biuyl-. isobuiyi-. :;ec-butyi- and icr;-bur;.lamine. cyclohexylamme. dicyclohexylainine, benz:viamme. a-phenyietiiyiamme. p-phenyietnyiaivnne. ethvienediamino, Teiramethvienediamine. hexamethyienediamine, tetratCi.- ah-yhan-unonium nyuiX'Kioe ■ t.;,. hydn irryneihva'fu"--. vj--.-,
aniiine, methyianiinjt, c-. ii> ana o-toiuidine. m- ana p-ananaine na- anc r-ariia-fiaainn-- and hen.ddint
y)f particular micrasr and uiiiiiy arc inc aikanoiamines. paruciiiariy iht aiiianoianriner wilh a lower molecular weigiit. Lit:e me amme, me admno:amine aaa oe asao iar.--c -ar :n combinsiion wiih one or more otlicr aikanoianiincs. and--a- in aandiinaiioa wdd; caio ar aiorc amines and/or caustics. The alkanolamine can also bear one or more substiluents that :io not interfere to any significant extent with cither the compatihility oi the aEiaaoIairunc \vith the other components of the if tin}a or tha^ r^'ouid impan ri significant stain ro me N'rorl-.Diree
Rcprcsentaiive aU^anolamines include, mono-, di- ;ind med-ian'dandne, nmna-. ai-
.-a:-' aaea Oiaa^ar aa^'- aoii!L"'-ara.^- -a-■ -a -
^-.laaa c-.aa:mea ■ aa d^e ..au; aeidforar r, lartr aaio sai. "1-- ta-. -a- ' v:;.-::-.-
combinan^'ir '.aan a^e or more other causdcs. and/or in a:;>moimnav-a .am :r ammas ^.na :'r aiitanolamme- Renresentative caustics inciuda sudium: nydriaaK-i mmun irmiraniae aa:aaS:Um hvdroxide. caustic alcohol (e.g.. C2H50Na.i. carbonates, phosphates and the imc. - nuasiutn hydroxide m a preTerred caustic.
The fatp- acid and amine, alkanolamine and^or causiic a-e used ir sued ^miounts the fatt}'- acid is effectively iieutraiized. The molar ratio of neutralizing groups uj carboxyl groups is tvpically about 1:1 altiiough some benefit of the invention can be nhrained iishig » siightiy ioxve--
Dcneiicial enrci
in one embodjmenr oi the invention., liie neutralized ratt}' acid i? nrcDaroc- anar' o-on- ui- MWF. and then packaged and sold as ar au,ait'vf tot us- in inc rori^.u.
concentrate and/or aqueous MWF llinnulaiions. In tnis eu-bedin-ioio. th.t t::oiv acid and netstralizing agent arc mixed in any con\-enkni '"anner. tviticollv ^-ur -MOUi^Tiiir; -n.^er timhieni conditions. In other embodiments, the neutralized fetty acid can be diluted ^vith -vaier andT;r blended with cither components of the concentrate and 'or aqueous MVd- beiore oac,kagina and,ktr use.
Dreicrabl; i; d >0 no;, e>:oeed ab':'Ut 0.:^. v-v, r,- iviVv'!
The acueous :v["T of thi; inventior:. car. c-ompris*. simplv vA'al.c- auo uoauakoe,;' tatt;, acic. but typically comprises a number of otiie; comoonents ai^ v.'ell. Tiie^.^ yt;;c: cmrionent;, can include, hut are not linrited to hvdrocarbor- and.'or synthetic oils,. v,3riou- mnrgar.ic: sales, surface active agents, biocides, lubricants, dyes, dc-foamers. emulsifiers and tiic like. These other components are used in kno\vn amounts and combinations, and the aque^u^. M'vX'V rypicaiiy
at isasi ab:aa or jnore ^'.-fU; -A'atf--. eiiher r::;;: c.r jc-!Oiiiz.c:; -atcr The ntj:-^' /.e^u latrv aciQ^^ us-xi u: Inr nracnct OT' ihu' inv-i-iioi, iirt xaicrii-: -nr oln^r -
ac;uL;oas; h'l Wr TOrrnulauon t;^ maxinii-e Iht. assir-d neriomiance
The aqueous oriiiiK invenuoi! ar: suuaa!: fo^" wrr r,oTn re:-':-;!;-
iron, steel and galvanized it&el. and mmrerrous meiais. e.e.. aiun-iinuni and aluniinun", The metal workpi-xcs ar:: :nachined :n kno'-T; anj cnr^'-nii-m.! siid ihr 'itjue:';;-" I •n
of this invention are used iu bioVi-n and conventional >.>-ays.
In the I'oilowing examples, all parts and percentages are by weight unless .:.thcr.vi>e
indicated.
SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
IC :■ '..■! .. .a .. ^
ia aa£i aiiaainaina A: 606: and Ai 0 : ^Aaih ar :7aa ^r.ac a'airtinuin;- -' aia iirai-iierst: a. tiir soiuaona. Control; "^cra prauaraa usiiii olaii- -aL ^^aie; ana - aar:
adjusted to pH 9.5 witii notassium hydroxide. The jars werr sealed under air and placed inio a i-iven C"nur>(>n> v^cr^;' removed and examined tor SLaming atler 2- iiou:;. : ■".■■aaa ana 5 weeks. Staining in the vapor nhasc was reduced in some case; raiative 10 li'it aaiiiM I'or all allo^fi except Ai 3oO. staining was esscntiaSiv clirninaied ;n tii; liquid pha:;e; hghl siaiviuia occurred v.dtb A! 380 but this was far less than that e.Kpsrienced b} the coniroh-a
Exroie:
sail soiutions reponed m 'iaDlc werr pr-na-'t.: i;-. rii;-:;!c:c. ..a;: Nana u-
ncuiraii:']ng agen; ieveis adiusrec ro aciiievc a pid of . in diis exarapie, oni; die ncutraiize tall oil IS rsnresentaiivc of ti:ic invention
. . Taibic Ex;. 2A
Wetgiit .Salt ir. Solution (pH 9.0)
Poric ; BcnaoiC : Lactic ^
2-ami.T.:i-2-m L'.ihyi-1 -Dropano]
i ; 1 0.4 a.j? i U.46 ■
1 ; 0.4a ' 0.33 1
Z-amino-l-buiano! O.??' j 4 n j 0.47 1
! 1 G.40 ! 0.35 0.43
i ;
1 Ejiarolaminc T'I C" f ' 0.35 '
i ; ■1.3- ! a.3a ' 0.36
j Isopropanoiainini: f; -i- a 4_ ; .(i.42 i

riguses is:'.- eptabniO. e; r
■•■.•iui die ase: of -'ori:pi; v.'as iitihi. A'en" light or none.
Table Ex. 2B
Al 21124 Sraininjj Resuit^ - Liquid Conusci: ^reat- 'T ^recK^ ar
Buric Htnzo!'. NcoaecaiiC'R 'i a!; Oi;
• 2-airiino-2-merhy!- • -propanoi i Dan-:
1 ; iviedniii. ; jgiiT ; Dan: ! Njtir Dud:
; l-aminc-i-DUiann! Dane ' Mediun-
i
iithar.'Oiarrsinc Dark jvisdiuK L.:2ni ; Da-!; • None Da.-;.
Isopropanol'd-n-iBc Da--k Ivied iurri 1 Lighi ; Da-t: ;
i D-d-k
Digjycolamine Dark
! Iv'isd'urrj ! ■ Darl: | None i ; : Dal-k
! 1 Dark
; Msdiuti: Liih-i D-i: Won? 1 DarK
i

Table Ex. 2C
O^vs
^irdiu-:;
Dar:: i i.frdiun-
N-b^;" ici-hsnoii-in^
Ai 6061 StamiKg Rcsiiks - liqnsd Conrticf '5 --etkK at 40^C
■irk : ' '.'r^i'iv;;

Table F;-:. 2D
A! 'f 5 Sffiinirvg ~ Litnsid Conraet Ar-eji- (t v,.peiC5 k^r ^C'
; licri; : Bonzo;:
i i 1 " ak an - ■ aa/ar
! 2-aininC"l-mctby!-;-oropanoi Dan: j iviedliu!:
! Jv'iv^dillK: Dark IvJCCiKiri:
^ J-srTiir.i:'-; -Diufifio! I'ari ' IvAdiun". !viea;u;r '■jonv ivi^a ;urr.
; btharjolaiTVnie ivlediarr^ k'iCQTur;" 1 nav.
liopropanolanvine Dark
; K'lediiun Medium Dark ; None ; H'icj
Diglycoiamine ; hdeciiiiiTi
: K'iediam
■ ' Dark ■ ;
1 Med ;am i 1
N -butv'! clh an 0! amine
i D3-k Mcdiij—
i raec'uni ! DsH iv'te- —" — [

Table Ex.:£
Al 3SH Stainiag Resiilrs - Liquid ConiacT Area; r? -Aeics a: 4(i°C
Example 3
In order lo deiermine the eQeci of ci:iain ievigth on ibr tincac. vd'^alr^■ a.id ai;;aiAdanaia;r slain inhibUora. sails rangmg Irorn neodecaooia isec Eaampie 1 abovir. a oranciie^.:
chain monocarboxvlic acid;, iir to bchcnic ia 22-carbor: straight chain naonocarboayli; acid; were evaluated. 'i"he results ibr 0.3% acids tor 0.4% in the case of neodscanoic, neutralized in
tap -Vale: -.viu l-aniinr-l-nicTly-l-l-pro-oanol uhl : ;re -:>:ncd 'iai-:;- - \ h
risurr- 5a-B
'^aoit 3
• r-atf.' Add
i
! ./v: "d";'
1 Ncodcciinoic Cio Dark Dark ! Medium L-k
Laurie C,; None 1 No^ie i i vC-tie
Myristic C [j None None IN C'IIC
Palmitic Cie i'lone Nc-'ne None j Noiic
Oleic Cis None. None None : • ^^;onc
Stearic C)s Da--k Dark ! Dark
Behenic Dark i.)ark O-rk Dark
^ Isosiearic-C None ! 1 '
/vone d:one
Staining RssultF - Liouic: Contact
ar

''V "•D^er:. -no
loii v-a i; !ike.iy r-iciu-vea -o 'C;
UimoiiBiral::- Ihs reduced (earning lenceu-; o: Dvarivhec laiiv acia saU_ 'ai- opposeu u- .iiraieiu chain iait}- acid sallsi. generic Kj-nlheiic aaueou:., Ww? ■■■m virepared Cm:a2C^ tat vvaier >20 pari?- wrnsi lo i nari conceniraie: Tn.: -ynmeuc iviVF rormLuaiu';: a-nipris';;. ihe Toliowing components:
V ompoaent?
Deiomsed x^'aier ; "" d
/^niiie Dicarboxviaie Salt : iO
in\'erse!y Soiubi:? batry hsie-
-1 -Prouaiio;
Trie;h and amine
Bicyclic Oxa^olidine Biocidc j :
The diluted base fluid was divided into four ca^^'^.' caiis. and to three r>arts was ad' dcd O.i of
the acid salts idenlilled ir Table Hx, 4 belnw Fxycilv nvlbbier- bnl'! af di- neai ba ia
placed in 100 ml storpered ^radna^ed cvlinder?, The c; :inde"a then "hakrr TC!" '""w nainuie
and avahjatc'd far initial fban* v. olunie uln-tc eqaai lo d a'dnuicr and d-.^" a
subjacucnriy. I'hc r-A: H::. 4 she"--: 'in- ±o d:
Foamhii;' fri;- ^-/nT:; ib
1 in^e Tnnd' base ibnid Bssc Fluid ydi:! Sa r aad ida; ..: a ; a
duinr-;. ;-oatn aa'^aai^aaaanc'b: ■ ■ dT
Hi n ni;: : isc»5iearic. .■-bil- _ aaia r., a: nai ■ .ad da. —a '• 1 ■■
fionn^ bit in
: ml) rr,; ;
40 5d aa i
3 b 45 4:'
40 : 4:
5 I 2n ; ad 45
15 1 3 i " ! ^ 1 i

jfrc&mple 5
.staining conLrv: oi ^olcciec aiun-;riu;r. aiio; anC .Luii--..: •;. '
conlrollsd waf.er lesied w;th arid tvirnoui Od' Tiil; dd: rativ Fiiiure
SHOWS taat when ihL sail ii: adaed u: Chicago xap wars: aaiustco 'd;. '.vitr: i-IOdi., jiauiini: c-orapleteh- eiiminai,-:; in rnc iiauiG pnasc ure.-.;. ai. d:a!:iir!^ i: :v:>i
eliminated in ilie vapor phase areas bccause sail is ra.n-volatiie.
Example 6
"^■'arious ciustic neiJtrsiized fstr\' acdd? and CMie '^eu'rrdze:? tatt'" acid ■■trr ■t-'^rd using the prC':.rd.:re ol'Exiimpje 5 aDj\'c; for srardrik cid-d Idd4. d.,'di ano T;','" iJ-.,-;.:-.;:-^-^
Sv;::nmE ^.C/d: /.i-.-'-iMun; Adlv;. y .-d.
'D'dr-ks at 4dr
diii :-:Ciie -^v.-ic
.-iCid
Isostsanc Acic: ' jMOidcsrcG None : i'voi.esicc Noi:. esiiec
. hw daii " Ad);-: id:, ■:■ iUtd riuurc " si)'.'", uia; and ini;;';;-
neutrftiizcd laii oii iauy acias of thi^ invemior; arc cfiecuve aluminurr: suuiing liiiiiaiLur:; in ar aqueous MWF. The data also shows that caustic-ncutrahzcd isosteanc acid i:; an efecrivc aluminum staining inhibitor, but neodecanoic acid (not a rati}' acid of this invention) is no more effective at inhibiting aiiiiTiinurr; staining than its alkanolamine-neutrali;^ed counteman^.
.^itnoijcii line in'^'cnrion nas been ne?cnoea m consA-r-rae aeLi];, jvia;! a' DUTTiose of illustration. Many '.'anaiion'; and inndiiiCOTioa; ran a' rnacM na" a" aaa ja a- j i:; dosaribed iioove oithou; aenanink irorn \be sdii'k anc scope oitna iro-on.ijon a.: aar aeacriDeo in the following claims. All U.S. patents and allowec patent applicaiion? idcnuiieo above, are incorooraied herein bv reference

WHATISCLAEVIEDIS:
A- aaait-vf fbv a;, aauv::^!- I'liu: . .
Xiiin acid nemraiizeci v/nr; a: ic-ast one (v ar ;innne aii:ar!0!:i:n!nr ana
1. The additive CifCiaiiii 1 in wnici;. tiac ran, iic.iu i; :?7aiicnod.
3, Tnc adai::ve of C'iaim 1 in 'vhicn tne :su>- acid is at ieasr o-- laur^c acici. myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 2-hex}-!decancic ac^D, oleic acid. JI::olc!C -;CKI. nnoleiiic acid, arachidonic acid, ricinoicic acid, ^-cycloliexenc-i-octanaic; acid. 5-cjirDox^--4-;!c-;yi- ocianoic scid. chriiilmoegric acid, iso?!esric icid^ riA'^sriic acid, yri^unic 4,8,! 2-lrmiethyItridecanoic acid and tall oil fett^' acid.
-i. The add:l;^-- ^-'Clain; i i;: vddcn ;he crn^-z :: i',?:; c-A-: ^..n;;. ■r.cdr. ■
-re • d"'i- .:: .-.r, ^
"" Tne add'O-c ■riaim j Ui ••vh:cr UTe iiliiarcMsnji^iC- ;; i; nvj'; ■-
and Triellianoiami'ii. mono-, aj- and U"^-isopropaiioiar!iine. digiycoiainine n-i-.u^ ■ • if'th'!;--■ . .^'liiij:: Z-aininL-d-mclbvj-i -Drooanoi. and d-aniinc-l-st;"'-';-. --oroDanca;. /i.
0. Tiie addiiive of Claim 1 in wliicii tiic causuc iS ai ieasi one oi s^^uiulv: i;ydro>aac iittuum hviiroxidc. DOTsssium liydroxidt. a caustic aicohol. a carbonate and a pixisphare,
7, An aqusuuy fviWF comprising tlie additive otXiaini 1.
weigh:
aqucnii; ivlv-l" of CiaiiT; " ir whic;- tn- roc;!'-^^-,, -h-.tr
and abou^ ' v-eiiih' ocrcert;.
The v\'F of Claim wiih a pi- ferwre- ^doui ' anc: aboui
! 1. The aqueous of Claim 9 with a pH beiw-en about S ajid aboai
12. A metiiod of machining a metal workpiece. ihe n-sethc-d comprising usina the aqueous MYvT of Claim ?.
13. rbo method cc Claim 12 in v^iiich tbt woApitce is -xoat.:;:rc..LS.
comprising if: a Cu.20 fetn" ^cic ncutraiizec with ai iea)ii on; 0: amine. aii:.arj.'::2n~;ne ana caustic, anci ni ^ less vhan aboiii 95 ^vt^iyiii- T"52rc°!T' waie?'
20. An aqueous inetaiworking fluia. iht fiuiu conrcns-iiL ^ a C;-.:': ialiy ijcid nerrrfiiized wiii-; ieasr one of an aminC; aikanoisn-iine and a causnc. and iii : 3- ica" ahou: --'5 weiyijt nercent water

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Patent Number

279074

Indian Patent Application Number

6007/CHENP/2008

PG Journal Number

02/2017

Publication Date

13-Jan-2017

Grant Date

10-Jan-2017

Date of Filing

05-Nov-2008

Name of Patentee

ANGUS CHEMICAL COMPANY

Applicant Address

1500 E. LAKE COOK ROAD, BUFFALO GROVE, IL 60089

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	BRUTTO, PATRICK, E.	326 MONTABELLO STREET, BLOOMINGDALE, IL 60108
2	PYZOWSKI, BONNIE, A.	711 S. KNIGHT, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068
3	COBURN, CHARLES, E.	306 BARN SWALLOW LANE, VERNON HILLS, IL 60061

PCT International Classification Number

C10M173/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US07/67462

PCT International Filing date

2007-04-26

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/746,549	2006-05-05	U.S.A.