Title of Invention	"WHITE POLYESTER FILM FOR LIGHT REFLECTIVE PLATE"
Abstract	ABSTRACT To provide a white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate, which can realize a high level of brightness when used in i side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays l! A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a thickness of 200 \|im or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M < -0.0110 (%/nm) and R560 > 100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: R = M x?, + B, in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance (%), X. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X = l 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%).

Title of Invention

"WHITE POLYESTER FILM FOR LIGHT REFLECTIVE PLATE"

Abstract

ABSTRACT To provide a white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate, which can realize a high level of brightness when used in i side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays l! A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a thickness of 200 |im or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M < -0.0110 (%/nm) and R560 > 100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: R = M x?, + B, in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance (%), X. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X = l 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%).

Full Text	DESCRIPTION WHITE POLYESTER FILM FOR LIGHT REFLECTIVE PLATE TECHNICAL FIELD , ■ The present invention relates to a white polyester fiWfor a light reflective plate. Particularly, the present invention relates to a white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate used.in reflective plates for relatively compact reverse prism type liquid crystal "[displays such as laptop computers and mobile phones, for side light type liquid crystal displays using conventional BEF systems, and for direct type liquid crystal displays such as flat-screen televisions. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a super-white polyester film having an excellent reflective property of blue light. BACKGROUND ART As a light source for liquid crystal displays, light sources of a backlight type in which light is irradiated from a backside of a display and a light reflective film described in Patent document 1 are heretofore widely used because they have an advantage that they are low-profile and can illuminate uniformly. When they are used, it is necessary to place a light ■F II reflective plate on the backside of a screen in order to prevent the escape of illuminating light to the backside of a screen. Since a small thickness and a high reflective property of light are required for this light reflective plate, white films whitened by containing fine air bubbles within the film and reflecting light at the interface of the air bubble are principally used as a light reflective plate. Formation of the fine air bubbles is achieved by dispersing a non-compatible polymer having a high-melting point finely in'a film base material, for example polyester, and stretching (e.g., biaxial stretching) the resulting film. Voids (air bubbles) are formed around this non-compatible polymer particles during this stretching, and the void exhibits an effect on light reflection, and therefore the film can be whitened and a high reflectance can be attained (Patent document 2). Light reflected off the reflective plate is diffused and light other than light having upward directivity is reflected by a prism, and the reflection is repeated between the reflective plate and the prism, and light is ultimately sent to a liquid crystal cell in a state in which the directivity of light is enhanced. In this case, if reflection efficiency of the reflective plate is low or there are factors which cause light leakage or light decay in a system, since optical loss is produced during repetition of the reflection to deteriorate energy efficiency, the brightness of a screen is lowered or economy is deteriorated. '! Further, the light reflective plate is requested to reflect all color (wavelength) of light uniformly from the viewpoint of color reproducibility of a display. i Furthermore, in order to prevent yellowing of the film due to ultraviolet rays emitted from a cold cathode ray tube, a white film prepared by laminating an ultraviolet absorbing layer is proposed (Patent documents 3 and 4). In these white films, various methods for improving properties on the brightness are disclosed. For example, for the purpose of improving the brightness in an edge light type, a method in which a light-shielding layer is provided on the film surface opposite to a light source is disclosed (Patent !\| document 5). Further, a method, in which Ught diffuseness is controlled by ii selecting a difference in refractive indexes between a spherical particle and a binder and front brightness is improved by a light diffusion sheet, is disclosed (Patent document 6). Further, a method, in which brightness unevenness of a backlight is improved by controlling the diffuseness of a film surface on the light source side in a reflective sheet in a direct backlight, is disclosed (Patent document 7). Patent document 1- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2003-160682 Patent document 2- Japanese Examined Patent Publication No.8-16175 ij ! Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2001-166295 Patent document 4'- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-90515 Patent document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-333510 Patent document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2001-324608 Patent document !'• Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2005-173546 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problem to be solved by the Invention As one method for enhancing the reflection efficiency of the light i reflective plate, there is a technique in which number of voids per unit area is increased by increasing a thickness of the white film. The present inventors tried this technique, but the brightness of a display was not so improved as expected and it was found that the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance varied. That is, a light reflectance at a long wavelength is improved, but an improvement in a light reflectance at a short wavelength is small. It is an object of the present invention to solve such problems and I provide a white polyester film for a light reflective plate, which can attain :i high brightness when it is used in a side hght type liquid crystal display or a direct backlight type liquid crystal display. Means for solving the Problem The white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention to meet this object relates to^ (l) A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a thickness of 200 um or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M 100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a hght reflectance (%),. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X. = 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%); (2) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (l), wherein a gloss level of the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 100% or more; (3) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (l) or (2), wherein a gloss level of the side (side B) opposite to the side A at an i incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less! (4) A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, wherein the white polyester film has an applied layer containing spherical particles on at least one side of the white polyester film according to (l) and an absolute value of i r a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical particle and a i binder resin constituting the applied layer is 0.10 or less! (5) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4), ii \> wherein said spherical particle is a nonporous resin particle and a ■I coefficient of variation CV of a volume average particle size is 30% or less! (6) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4) or (5), wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone resin, and polystyrene resin, acrylic copolymer, polystyrene copolymer, and copolymer of acrylic vinyl monomer and styrene vinyl monomer; (7) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (6), wherein said spherical particle contains at least an acrylic resin and said ;i acrylic copolymer is composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 1 ethylene glycol dimethacrylatei (8) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (6), wherein said spherical particles are particles having a crosslinking structure." (9) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4), wherein said spherical particle contains an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer! (10) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (9), it wherein said ultraviolet absorber is at least one of ultraviolet absorbers t selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole'based, benzophenone-based, oxalic anilide-based, cyanoacry late-based and ji triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers; (11) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (9), wherein said light stabilizer is a hindered amine-based light stabilizer," (12) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4), wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle contains the same monomer components as those of a binder resin constituting said applied layer; (13) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layerA, and the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and the layer A is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or I organic particles in polyester and the content of the particlesjis 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of each layer M (14) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to ■i claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A', the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and I the layer A and/or the layer A' is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the thickness of the layer A'is 0.1 to 3 [un! (19) A lamp reflector for a liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white I \| reflective film according to any one of (l) to (18) is provided with the applied layer face or side B directed to a light source side; and (20) A direct type liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white reflective film according to according to any one of (l) to (18) is provided with the applied ■> layer face directed to a light jsource side. i f ■'1 Effect of the Invention ; r In accordance with the white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention, unprecedented high brightness can be attained in side light type liquid crystal displays and direct backlight J II type liquid crystal displays., The present invention relates to a white polyester film and this white polyester film exhibits high reflective performance particularly in big direct backlight type liquid crystal displays such as a TV set. Further, the white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention has high reflective ; \performance as relatively compact side light type liquid crystal displays F such as laptop computers and mobile phones. By forming a white reflective film in which on at least one side thereof a specific applied layer is provided, it is possible to absorb ultraviolet rays from a lamp, improve reflectance, and contribute to improvement in l! brightness of a backlight when applied to the backlight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (reverse prism type) into which a reflective plate is incorporated. Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (normal prism type), into which a side light type reflective plate is incorporated, and a reverse prism type, and a schematic view of a measuring method of brightness of the reverse prism type. Fig, 3 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (direct type), into which a reflective plate is incorporated, and a schematic view of a measuring method of brightness of the direct type. DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS AND SYMBOLS 11; cold cathode ray tube 12; reflective plate 13; light guide plate 14; prism sheet 15; luminance colorimeter 16; cold cathode ray tube 17; reflective plate 18; light guide plate 19; prism sheet 20; luminance colorimeter 21; reflective plate 22; cold cathode ray tube 23; milky white plate 24; diffusion plate 25; prism sheet 26; polarizing prism sheet 27; CCD camera 28; Image analyzer (EyeScale) BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A film of the present invention desirably has a thickness of 200 \|im or more. When the thickness is less than 200 (im, preferable iwavelength dependency of spectral reflectance is relatively easily attained but an t absolute reflectance is hardly attained. The thickness is preferably 225 u.m, and more preferably 300 um. Further, when the thickness is more than 500 urn, a weigh of a panel may be increased when the film is incorporated into the liquid crystal display. In at least one side (side A) of the film of the present invention, M satisfies a relationship of M dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: R = MxX + B, in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance (%), X represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), and B represents a constant (%). M satisfies preferably a relationship of M -0.060 (%/nm) because the light reflective plate is requested to reflect all color (wavelength) of light uniformly from the viewpoint of color . i reproducibility of a display. iM satisfies furthermore preferably a relationship of M ^ -0.050 (%/nm). The film satisfying a relationship of a wavelength coefficient M In the present invention, one of methods for satisfying a relationship of M Light is scattered/absorbed by impurities, metal components (catalyst), unsaturated bonds and the like in the reflective film and loses energy in its process. In this time, a part of scattered light is consumed within the reflective film and becomes a component not contributing to the I brightness of a screen. Its effect increases as a wavelength becomes short u and a short wavelength region of the spectral reflectance becomes relatively low. Then, the slope M can fall within the region by adjusting the degree of purity of polymer, metal components (catalyst), and color tone of polymer. Herein, the degree of purity of polymer refers to a quantity of unsaturated bond in a polymer and a polymer having less unsaturated bond is preferably used in the film of the present invention. Further, the metal components (catalyst) comprise the following element group. Examples of the metal components (catalyst) include compounds using an element group of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li, Ca, Ge and Ti, but preferably, the amounts of the components are so small that polymerization of polymer may not be affected. As for color tone of the polymer, in color tone of material chips, a polymer having a high L value (brightness) and a low b value (degree of yellow) is preferably used. By reducing these light-scattering/absorbing components, a reflectance in a short wavelength region becomes relatively high and a slope M becomes small. The reflectance in a short wavelength region is improved as the slope M becomes small, and this contributes to the improvement in the brightness of a screen. In the present invention, it is necessary that an estimated reflectance R560 obtained by substitution of X = 560 into the approximation formula be 100% or more in at least one side of the film. When the estimated reflectance is less than 100%, the brightness as backlights of a I side light type liquid crystal display or a direct type liquid crystal display is \| deteriorated. !j i\| In order to make the R560 100% or more, it is important that the film be whitened by containing fine voids within the film, as describe below, and when number of voids is increased, the reflectance R560 can be improved. The reflectance R560 is preferably 102% or more, and more preferably 104% or more. There is not an upper limit on the reflectance R560, but the reflectance R560 is preferably 110% or less because it is necessary to increase an addition amount of the void nucleus for increasing the reflectance R560 and in that case, a film forming property may become unstable. In one aspect of the film of the present invention, a gloss level (60 degrees) of at least one side (side A) is preferably 100% or more. The gloss level is more preferably 115% or more, and furthermore preferably 120% or more. When the gloss level is less than 100%, light is scattered, and therefore a part of the scattered light proceeds to an angle region where light is all reflected within a film, and it cannot escape from the film to decay until the light is scattered again. In order to make the gloss level 100% or more, it is important that number of inorganic or organic particles contained in the film be decreased. If the inorganic or organic particles having particle sizes similar to wavelengths of visible light are present in the vicinity of the film surface, the gloss level is reduced below 100%. Further, in many cases, since these particles have refractive indexes which are different from that of the film, I light is also scattered within the film. This effect is significant in light of i. short wavelength and it is not preferable in the present invention that a large amount of particles be present within the film. Further, in another aspect of the film of the present invention, it is preferable to form a surface in which a gloss level at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less. Particularly, in the side light type backlight, since i the incident angle of light is shallow, light needs to be diffused forward. And so, it is possible to preferably apply a surface in which a gloss level at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less by a method of controlling surface roughness. Examples of the method of controlling surface roughness include a method of adding particles having a refractive index close to that of a film matrix resin, and a method of thinning a layer A' to a thickness of 0.1 to 3 am. When the layer A' is thinned, if a layer B is a layer including voids, the interface of the layer B becomes a rough surface due to the presence of the void and this rough interface resulting from the voids of the layer B can affect the layer A' to change the surface roughness. The thickness of the layer A' is preferably 0.5 to 2 fim, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 urn. Polyester constituting the present invention is a polymer prepared from diol and dicarboxylic acid by polycondensation. Representative examples of the dicarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid, and representative examples of diol include ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, and cyclohexane dimethanol. Specific examples of the Polyesters include polymethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-p'oxybenzoaie, !! poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), and i] poly ethylene-2,6-nap hthalenedicarboxylate. In the present invention, particularly, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate are preferable. Naturally, these polyesters may be a homopolyester or a copolyester, and examples of the copolymer components include diol components such as I diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and polyalkylene glycol; and dicarboxylic acid components such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 5'sodium sulfoisophthalic acid. if Further, known various additives such as antioxidants and II antistatic agents may be added to this polyester. As the polyester used in the present invention, polyethylene terephthalate is preferable. A I polyethylene terephthalate film is superior in water resistance, durability and chemical resistance. The film of the present invention is preferably whitened by containing fine air bubbles within the film. Formation of the fine air bubbles is preferably achieved by dispersing a high-melting point polymer which is non-compatible with polyester finely in a film base material, for example polyester, and stretching (e.g., biaxial stretching) thertresulting film. Voids (air bubbles) are formed around this non-compatible polymer particles upon this stretching, and the void generates a difference in refractive indexes between the resin and the air layer to reflect light, and ■i l therefore the film can be whitened and a high reflectance can.be attained. - I The polymer non-compatible:with polyester (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as non-compatible polymer) is, for example, a polymer having a melting point of 180°C or higher, selected from poly-3-methylbutene-l, poly4-methylpentene-1, polyvinyH-butane, l,4-trans-poly-2,3-dimethylbutadiene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, polydimethylstyrene, polyfluorostyrene, poly-2-methyl-4-fluorostyrene, polyvinyl t-butyl ether, cellulose triacetate, cellulose tripropionate, polyvinyl fluoride, amorphous polyolefin, cyclic olefins copolymer resin, and jpolychlorotrifluoroethylene. Among them, polyolefms, particularly polymethylpentene and cyclic olefin, are preferable for the polyester base material. Cyclic olefins copolymer resin is a copolymer of ethylene and at least one cyclic olefin selected from the group consisting of bicycloalkenes and tricycloalke'nes. An addition amount of the non-compatible polymer (e.g., polyolefin) is preferably 5% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less, -taking an amount of the whole layer containing the non-compatible polymer as.100% by weight. The addition amount is more preferably 10% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less, and furthermore preferably 15% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less. When the addition amount is less than 5% by weight, an effect of whitening becomes low and a high reflectance is hardly attained, and when the addition amount is more than 25% by weight, mechanical properties such as strength of a film itself may become too small and there causes a problem that the film is apt to break in stretching and therefore productivity is deteriorated. With respect to a relationship between the addition amount of the non-compatible polymer and optical properties, number of void nucleuses increases and number of void layers increases as the addition amount of the non-compatible polymer increases, and therefore a reflectance is improved to contribute to improvement of brightness. In order to disperse the non-compatible polymer as a particle having a particle size of 0.2 to 5 jxm, it is effective to add a specific '; gravity-decreasing material as a dispersion aid. The specific gravity-decreasing material is a compound having an effect of decreasing a specific gravity and specific compounds have such an effect. As the specific gravity-decreasing material, thermoplastic polyester elastomer is used. For example, representative examples thereof include polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, methoxy polyetlrylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylsulfonate, glyceryl monostearate, tetrabutylphosphonium, and p-aminobenzenesulfonate. In the case of the film of the present invention, particularly, polyalkylene glycols, among them, polyethylene glycol is preferable. Further, a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene glycol is preferably used in order to improve the dispersibility of a non-compatible polymer. An addition amount of the specific gravity-decreasing material is preferably 3% by weight or morQ and 40% by weight or less, taking an amount of the whole layer containing the non'compatible polymer as 100% by weight. When the addition amount is less than 3% by weight, an effect of addition becomes low and the dispersibility of a polymer is deteriorated, and when the addition amount is more than 40% by weight, intrinsic characteristics of a base material of the film may be impaired. Such the specific gravity-decreasing material can be controlled by being added to a film base material polymer in advance to prepare a master polymer (master chip). With respect to a relationship between the specific gravity-decreasing material and optical properties, in a region from 3% by weight to 40% by weight, since a dispersion diameter becomes extremely small by adding a dispersion aid, number.iof void layers per the same, thickness increases and the reflectance is improved, and this contributes to increase in brightness of a screen. In a region of more than ' I 40% by weight, even if the addition amount is increased, a dispersion \|j diameter may not become small and may have no effect. . As described above, when the white polyester film contains fine air bubbles, thereby, the apparent specific gravity of the polyester!film becomes lower than that of a common polyester film. If further adding the specific gravity-decreasing material, the specific gravity is further decreased. That 4 l\| ' is, a white and light film can be obtained. In order to reduce the weight of 4 \| ■ the white polyester film for a,liquid crystal display of the present invention while maintaining mechanical properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate, it is preferable that the apparent specific gravity be . 0.5 or more and 1.2 or less. ' The apparent specific gravity is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.55 or more andJ0.8 or less. In order to make the apparent specific gravity 0.5 or more and 1.2 or .'I . ! ' less, in the case of using the specific gravity-decreasing material, for example polymethylpentene having a specific gravity of 0.83, as described above, the specific gravity-decreasing material is contained in an amount 5% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of all layers and the film is stretched by 2.5 times to 4.5 times. ■ ■: I When the apparent specific gravity falls within the range of the present invention, it is possible to allow a large number of fine air bubbles to exist while maintaining film strength and a high reflectance can be attained. That is, when the white film of the present invention is used as a liquid crystal display reflective plate, it exhibits significantly excellent brightness in the brightness of a screen.; ' Further, the constitution of the white polyester film for a liquid I' . ' crystal display reflective plate may be a two.-layer constitution of layer A/layer B, or may be a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A, layer A/layer B/layer A' or layer A/layer B/layer C, or maybe a multi-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/- -/layer B/layer A, for example, constitutions 1 I! composed of at least 20 layers and at most 3000 layers. It is preferable for achieving a high reflectance and a film forming property simultaneously I that the layer B become a layer containing the foregoing fine air bubbles In the case of forming layer A/layer B/layer A', the same material is used in the layer A and the layer A', but a thickness of the layer A' is made smaller than that of the layer A. A preferable thickness of the layer A' is 0.1 to 3 Hm, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 \|im. Further, it is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing light loss due to scattering and improving a mirror reflective property that the layer A (layer A') and/or the layer C corresponding to the surface of the film be layers formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester in an amount at least 0.01% by weight and at most 0.5% by weight, preferably,at most 0.1% by weight, more preferably at most 0.07% by weight with respect to the total weight of the layer A and/or the layer C (layers containing inorganic particles and/or organic particles ). When the particles are added, as described above, a mirror reflective property is improved and therefore the gloss level can be increased to 110% or more. However, when the addition amount of inorganic particles and/or organic particles is less than 0.01% by weight, since the surface becomes extremely smooth, the shdability of a flat surface is deteriorated and wind defects are apt to occur to decrease yield. The addition amount of inorganic particles and/or organic particles is preferably 0.01% by weight or more from the viewpoint of handling ability (prevention of surface flaws). Light diffuseness may be required depending on the form of other members of a backlight in which the reflective film is used. In this case, it ii i is also possible to bring the gloss level into 70% or less by including more particles in the layer A'. As inorganic particles and/or organic particles contained in a surface layer of the film, particles of a material selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, calcium phosphate, alumina, mica, titanated mica, talc, clay, kaolin, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride can be used. In the case of the present invention, silica is desirably used in order to maintain a high gloss of the surface. Herein, when a type of a backlight is a direct type, an addition amount of the particles is preferably ultimately 0% by weightj but since in this case slidability of the film is deteriorated and productivity is i! deteriorated, it is preferable to add a small amount of the particles. The addition amount of the particles preferably falls within the region in consideration of an effect on an M value resulting from light scattering due to particle addition. Further, the reverse prism type has a structure in which the reflective plate 12 adheres tightly to the light guide plate 13 due to the constitution of this type in Fig. 1 and therefore there readily causes a problem that inorganic particles are exfoliated to damage the light guide plate. When the addition amount of the particles exceeds 0.5% by weight, the exfoliation of particles is apt to cause the flaws. The addition amount of the particles is preferably 0.5% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.1% by weight or Jess. In the edge hght type, if the planarity of the reflective film is too 1 high, locations where the. film strongly adheres to the light guide plate are >y, 'brightness And so, it is o the screen is generated to change a reflection angle there, and there i unevenness in a liquid crystal screen may be produced. commonly carried out that the adhesion of the reflective film decreased by giving a certain degree of surface roughness to the surface. A number average particle size of the particles added for this purpose is preferably 3 um or more and 7 um or less, and more preferably 3 to 5 \|xm. When the number average particle size on number is less than 3 urn, the roughness of the surface is lowered and adhesion between the film and the light guide plate may become high. When the average particle size is more than 7 um, since the particle becomes coarse, it tends to exfoliate and this may damage the light guide plate. On the other hand, in the direct type, since a cold cathode ray tube exists between the light guide plate and the reflective film, the light guide plate does not come into contact with the ".! I' reflective film and there is not a possibility of occurrence of flaws of the hght i guide plate and the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion. t The white polyester film of the present invention preferably has an ■ I' applied layer containing spherical particles on at least one side of the white :i . 1 ' polyester film. By containing the spherical particles, a projection shape is formed at the surface of the applied layer, and the light, which is reflected 1 I . off the white film surface and passes through the applied layer, is I' concentrated by a lens effectithrough the projection shape at the surface of .■ l\| the applied layer and this contributes to improvement in the brightness in a front direction of a backlight. A type of the spherical particle of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of organic particles and inorganic particles can be employed. As the organic spherical particles, acrylic resin particles, silicone resin particles, nylon resin particles, polystyrene resin particles, polyamide resin particles such as benzoguanamine, and urethane resin particles can be used. As the inorganic spherical particles, silicon oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfide, magnesium silicate, and mixtures thereof can be used. It is preferable to use the organic spherical particles from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the particles in a resin binder commonly used, ability to be applied and economy. Among them, acrylic polymers, polystyrene polymers, and copolymers of acrylic-based vinyl monomer and styrenebasedivinyl monomer are preferable, and particularly, and copolymers of acrylic-based vinyl monomer and styrene-based vinyl monomer can be suitably used in the present invention because a refractive index can be changed by adjusting a copolymerization proportion of two kinds of vinyl monomers. When the applied layer is provided, it is preferable to adjust an absolute value (hereinafter, referred to as a refractive index differential) of a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical particle contained in the applied layer and the binder resin constituting the applied layer to 0.10 or less. As described above,'when the applied layer containsithe spherical I particles, the brightness in a front direction of a backlight is improved. However, if there is the refractive index differential between the spherical particle and the binder resin, light, which is diffused at the interface between the spherical particle and the binder resin and reaches the surface of the applied layer, of the light, which is reflected off the white film surface and passes through the applied layer, is reduced. That is; light loss due to internal diffusion is increased and the reflectance is reversely reduced. And so, since by adjusting the refractive index differential to 0.10 or less, 1 - ■ I internally diffusing loss in the applied layer is reduced, light to reach the surface of the applied layer is relatively increased and the reflectance is improved. When the refractive index differential is more than 0.10, even if the white reflective film of the present invention is incorporated into the backlight, an effect of improving the brightness may not be achieved. The refractive index differential is preferably 0.08 or less, more preferably 0.05 i t or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 or less. t The refractive index herein refers to a proportion in which the undulation (such as light) traveling in a straight line changes^an angle of a traveling direction at an interface between mediums, and it is a vacuum-based sub stance-specific value, that is, an absolute refractive index. Since the refractive index is an observed wavelength-specific value, the I refractive index differential is a difference between values measured at the same observed wavelength. For example, a refractive index of polyGnethyl methacrylate), a typical acrylic resin, is 1.49 for light having a wavelength of 589.3 nm. \ ■ The refractive index differential referred to herein refers to an absolute value of a difference between a refractive index of the spherical particle and a refractive index of the binder resin, and even when the refractive index of the spherical particle is smaller than that of the binder 1 . H ! i resin and the refractive index differential is a negative value, its absolute value, that is, a positive value is a refractive index differential. "The refractive index of the spherical particle", and "the refractive index of the binder" are determined as follows. (i) A binder resin is extracted from an applied layer by using an organic solvent and the organic solvent is distilled off, and then a refractive index of light is measured at 25°C at a wavelength of 589.3 nm with an ellipsometry method. Values obtained by this measurement are taken as "a refractive index of a binder resin". (ii) The applied layer of a white reflective film is immersed in an organic solvent, and the applied layer is peeled off from the white film and then the applied layer is pressed against a slide glass and slid on the slide glass to exfoliate spherical particles from the applied layer. A refractive index of the obtained spherical particle is determined according to a Becke's line detection method. Specifically, the particle is put in a liquid organic compound, and the particle in the liquid organic compound is observed at. various liquid temperatures at which a refractive index of the^liquid is known and the refractive index of the liquid organic compound at the time when the outline of the particle cannot be recognized is taken as "a refractive index of a spherical particle". The volume average particle size is not particularly limited as long as the projection shape is formed at the surface of the applied! layer, but the volume average particle size is preferably 0.05 M-m or more, more preferably 0.5 um or more, furthermore preferably 1 {im or more, and particularly ii preferably 3 u.m or more. When the volume average particle isize is less than 0.05 am, an effect of improving the brightness of a backlight may not be achieved. Further, an upper limit of the volume average particle size is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 100 ^m or less since the ability to be applied may be poor if it exceeds 100 [xm. In the spherical particles, a coefficient of variation CV of the volume average particle size is preferably 30% or less. The coefficient of variation CV herein refers to a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of the volume average particle size by the volume average particle size. This coefficient of variation CV is measured by a method described in Example described later. The coefficient of variation CV is more preferably 20% or less, particularly preferably 15% or less, and the most preferably 10% or less. When the coefficient of variation CV is more than 30%, since the uniformity of the particles is poor, the diffuseness of light is intensified and an effect of improving the brightness of a backlight may become low. The CV value can be reduced by classifying the particles and removing the particles having an uneven particle size. j The spherical particle is preferably nonporous from the viewpoint of I. improvement in reflectance arid light resistance. If the spherical particle is porous, an area of refractive interface between the binder resin and the spherical particle increases, and therefore light loss due to internal diffusion is increased and the reflectance is apt to decrease. Further, when a light resistant resin is used as a binder resin of the applied layer, if the spherical particle is porous, the binder resin is penetrated into pores. . [Therefore, even if the binder resin is added in the same amount as that of the binder j resin in a case where nonporous spherical particles are used,la thickness of 1 = he applied layer becomes relatively small and the light resistance may be leteriorated. The content of the spherical particles in the applied layer is not i larticularly limited as long as the reflectance is improved, but1 the content of he spherical particle is preferably 3% by weight or more with Irespect to the vhole applied layer, though it cannot be uniquely limited because it depends il >n the types of the particle and the dispersibility of the particle in a coating jolution. The content is more preferably 5% by weight or more, urthermore preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably L5% by weight or more. When the content is less than 3% byfweight, an I iffect of improving the brightness of a backlight may not be achieved. i further, an upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but the content is preferably 30% by weight or less since the ability to be applied nay be poor if it exceeds 30% by weight. When the applied layer is provided, since the spherical particle leeds to be dispersed in a solvent during an applying step, the spherical Jarticle requires solvent resistance and therefore the spherical particles preferably have a crosslinking structure. When the spherical particles do lot have a crosslinking structure, the spherical particles are eluted during ;he applying step and there may be cases where the applied layer in which particle shapes and particle sizes are maintained cannot be provided. In order to form the crosslinking structure, it is preferable to form :he crosslinking structure by use of vinyl compounds having a plurality of functional groups in a molecule, and it is particularly preferable to use polyfunctional acrylic compounds such as difunctional acrylic.compounds, trifunctional acrylic compounds, and at least tetrafunctional acrylic compounds as vinyl compounds having a plurality of functional groups in a molecule As the spherical particle, "TECHPOLYMER" (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd.) can be used. When a coefficient of variation :i ■I is 30% or less, S series in the "TECHPOLYMER" products are; preferable, and when a coefficient of variation is 15% or less, spherical particles made of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate such as SSX series products can be most suitably used. In the spherical particles, it is preferable that an ultraviolet ij absorber and/or a light stabilizer be added and that in producing these resins, the resin be chemically combined with an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer, having a reactive double bond, by copolymerization. It is preferable to fix the ultraviolet absorber and/or the light stabilizer by chemically combining like the latter in that bleed out from the spherical particle is less. The ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer contained in the spherical particle are broadly divided into inorganic agents and organic agents. As inorganic-based ultraviolet absorbers, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and the like are commonly known, and among them, zinc oxide is the most preferable in point of economy, an ultraviolet absorbing property and photocatalyst activity. Examples of organic-based ultraviolet absorbers may include benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, oxalic anilide-based, cyanoacrylate'based and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers. Since these ultraviolet absorbers just absorb ultraviolet rays and cannot capture organic radicals produced by ultraviolet irradiation, this radical may cause chain reaction degradation of a white film to become a substrate. It is preferable to use the ultraviolet absorber in combination with the light stabilizer in order to capture these radicals and particularly a light stabilizer of a hindered amine'based compound is suitably used. As copolymerization monomers to fix the organic-based ultraviolet absorbers and/or the light stabilizers, acrylic-based or styrene'based vinyl monomers are preferable because of high general versatility and economy. Since styrene-based vinyl monomers have aromatic rings and are susceptible to yellowing, they are the most preferably copolymerized with the acrylicbased vinyl monomer from the viewpoint of light resistance. As a reactive vinyl monomer-substituted benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (trade name: RUVA-93, manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used. i Further, as a reactive vinyl monomer-substituted hindered amine compound, 4-methacryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyne ("ADK STAB LA'82" manufactured by Adeka Argus Industry Co., Ltd.) can'be used. Since if a difference in refractive indexes between the binder resin and the spherical particle in the applied layer is reduced as far as possible, the reflectance is improved, it is preferable that copolymer components and monomer composition of the binder resin be identical to those of the I! :i spherical particle. Furthermore, when both of the binder resin and the spherical particle are composed of resins to which an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer is added, the light resistance of the applied layer can also be improved. '. -In the white reflective film of the present invention, the white film of a substrate may be deteriorated (e.g., photodeterioration such as yellowing, .1 I ■ or degradation in which a molecular weight is decreased) during being used ' - I as a backlight by light, particularly ultraviolet rays, emitted from a lamp of i J ■ a cold cathode ray tube or the like, and therefore it is preferable that the ultraviolet absorber and/or the light stabilizer be contained in a layer of the white film of a substrate and/or in the binder resin layer provided on one side. Materials of the binder resin layer is not particularly limited, but i \ ■ resins principally containing organic components are preferable and examples of the resins include polyester resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic ' ! Il resin, methacrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene , I resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene ' 1 ■ resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and fluorine-based resins. These resins may be used alone or as a copolymer or a mixture of two or more kinds of them. Among them, the polyester resin, the polyurethane resin, and acrylic or dispersibility of particles, an ability to be applied and a gloss level. From the viewpoint of the light resistance of the applied layer, it is more preferable that the binder resin layer also contain an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer. ] A resin constituting a resin layer containing an ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, and resins containing an inorganic ultraviolet methacrylic resin are preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance, absorber, resins containing an organic ultraviolet absorber, and resins stabilizer, by formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based reactive monomer can be used. As a resin constituting a resin layer containing a light i organic ultraviolet absorbing resins containing a resin formed' copolymerizing a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer and the like are preferably used. . As the inorganic-based ultraviolet absorber, zinc oxide[ titanium f ' oxide, cerium oxide and zirconium oxide are common. Among these II absorbers, at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium oxide and cerium oxide is preferably used because it does not cause bleed out and has an excellent light resistance. Such ultraviolet absorber ' . I may be used in combination of several kinds as required. Among them, zinc oxide is the most preferable in point of economy, an ultraviolet ■! absorbing property and photocatalyst activity. As the zinc oxide, FINEX-25 f LP, FINEX-50 LP (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd.) and the like can be used. As the organic-based'ultraviolet absorbers, resins containing an organic ultraviolet absorber such as benzotriazole and benzophenone, resins formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based reactive monomer, or resins formed by copolymerizing these resins with a light stabilizer such as a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer can be used. Particularly, resins formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based reactive monomer, and organic ultraviolet absorbing resins containing a resin formed by copolymerizing a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer with the « resins are more preferable because of a large effect of absorbing ultraviolet light in a thin layer. Methods for manufacturing these resins are disclosed in detail in paragraphs [0019] to [0039] of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-90515. Particularly, HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) (manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.) containing a copolymer of an acrylic monomer and an ultraviolet absorber as an active component, and the like can be used. As described previously, if a difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle is reduced as far as possible, since the reflectance is improved and further the light resistance of the applied layer is also improved, it is preferable that copolymer components, monomer composition, ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers of the resin binder be identical to those of the spherical particle. Next, a method for manufacturing a white polyester film for a light I reflective plate of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this example. First, purity of terephthalic acid being a base of polyethylene terephthalate is increased to reduce a total amount of metal catalyst compounds such as compounds using an element group of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li, Ca, Ge and Ti at the time of forming polyester being a base by polymerization, and by controlling reaction time and reaction temperature, polyethylene terephthalate, which has less catalyst residue and has a high L value and a low b value, is obtained. Next, polymethylpentene as a non-compatible polymer, and polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and 1- ■ polytetramethylene glycol as, a specific gravity-de creasing material are I mixed in the polyethylene terephthalate formed by polymerization by the above method, and the resulting mixture is adequately mixed and dried, and then supplied to an extruder A heated to a temperature of 270 to 300°C If required, polyethylene terephthalate including inorganic additives such as Si02 may be supplied to an extruder B by a common method, and a layer of the extruder A and a layer of the extruder B may be laminated in a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A in a TMie three-layer '! nozzle so that a polymer of the layer of the extruder B becomes both surface i layers. ■' a drum, a This melted sheet was brought into close contact with surface temperature of which is cooled to 10 to 60°CJ by an electrostatic I force, cooled, and solidified to obtain a non-stretched film, and the ■ ' \|\| non-stretched film is guided to a series of rolls heated to a temperature of 80 to 120°C, stretched by 2.0 to 5.0 times in a longitudinal direction, and cooled with a series of rolls of 20 to '50°C. Subsequently, the film stretched in a longitudinal direction was led to a tenter while grasping both/ends of the film with clips, and was transversely stretched in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction in an atmosphere heated to a temperature of 90 ! i\| to 140°C. The film is stretched by 2.5 to 4.5 times in a longitudinal or transverse direction, but a ratio of area of the stretched film to original area (longitudinal draw ratio x transverse draw ratio) is preferably 9 to 16. 1 .1 When the ratio of area is less than 9, whiteness of the resulting film becomes poor, and when the ratio is more than 16, the film is apt to break in stretching and a film forming property tends to become poor. In order to impart planarity and dimensional stability to the film thus biaxially stretched, the film is subjected to heat setting at a temperature of 150 to 230°C in the tenter and is slowly cooled uniformly to room temperature and wound to obtain a film of the present invention. Various additives may be added to the white film and/or the applied layer of the present invention within the range of not impairing the effects of the present invention. As the additives, for example, organic andVor inorganic fine particles, fluorescent brighteners, crosslinking agents, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, organic lubricants, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, dyes, fillers, dispersants, coupling agents and the like can be used. In the white reflective plate of the present invention, an average reflectance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm measured from a plane in which the applied layer is provided is preferably 85% or morej more preferably 87% or more, and1 particularly preferably 90% or more. When the average reflectance is less than 85%, some liquid crystal displays to which the white film of the present invention is applied may be low in brightness. When the applied layer is provided on both sides of the white film, the average reflectance measured from any one of applied layers on both sides may be 85% or more. ' " When the applied layer of the present invention is applied to a white film being a substrate, a coating solution may be applied by any method. The methods such as gravure coating, roller coating, spin coating, reverse coating, bar coating, screen coating, blade coating, air knife coating, and dipping may be employed. Further, the coating solution for forming the applied layer may be applied (in line coating) concurrently with the i production of the white film of a substrate may be used, or may be applied (offline coating) onto a white film in which the crystalline orientation has been completed. The white reflective film of the present invention thus.obtained can realize an improvement in the brightness of the liquid crystal backlight, and in accordance with the further preferred aspect, the white reflective film can be favorably used as reflective plates for area light sources of edge-light and direct type for a liquid crystal screen and as reflectors since the reduction in I reflectance is low even long-term use. When the white reflective film of the I present invention is used in these area light sources, it is installed with its applied layer directed to the light sources. The white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention thus obtained has fine air bubbles formed within the film to achieve a high reflectance and can attain high brightness when it is used as a reflective plate of side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays. [Measurement of Properties and Method of Evaluation of Effect] Methods of evaluation of properties and methods of evaluation of effects of the present invention are as follows. j (l) Spectral Reflectance ■? n A reflectance in a case where an integrating sphere was attached to a spectrophotometer (U-3310) manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corp. and a standard white plate (aluminum oxide) is taken as 100% is measured over a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm. The reflectance is read from the resulting chart at 5 nm intervals and this reflectance is taken as a spectral reflectance. (2) Calculation Method of Wavelength Coefficient M and Estimated I 1 Reflectance R560 ,l . j In the method, in at least one side (side A) of the film, the spectral reflectance at a wavelength range of 450 to 600 nm is measured. The wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: by a least square method, based on spectral reflectance measured at 5 nm intervals to determine M (%/nm) and R560. jj In the formula, R represents a light reflectance (%), "k represents a i-wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X = 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%). (3) Apparent specific gravity A film is cut into the size of 100 mm x 100 mm, thicknesses of at least 10 points are measured with a measuring element with a dial gauge, and an average thickness d (^m) is calculated. Further, this/film is weighed with a direct-reading balance to read out weight w (g) to an order of l! 10~4. Then, an apparent specific gravity = w/d x 100 is calculated. (4) Brightness of Screen (Side Light Type Brightness) (Table l) As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO (VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. is changed to a prescribed film and the brightness is measured at a measuring distance of 850 mm with a luminance colorimeter 15 (BM-7 fast manufactured by TopconlCorp.X Measurement is performed three times and averaged. The brightness was rated according to the following criteria. 3000 cd/m2 or more is excellent, 2950 cd/m2 or more and less than 3000 cd/m2 is good, 2900 cd/m2 or more and less than 2950 cd/m2 is acceptable, and less than 2900 cd/m2 is bad. (5) Brightness of Screen (Direct type Brightness) (Table l) As shown in Fig. 3, a reflective film bonded in a backlight of 181BLM07 (manufactured by NEC Corp.) was changed to a prescribed film sample and a liquid crystal display was lit up. The film sample was held for one hour in this state to stabilize a light source, and a screen portion of a liquid crystal display was taken with a CCD camera (DXC-390 manufactured by SONY Corp.) and images were captured by an image I analyzer EyeScale manufactured by I.System Corp. Thereafter, the brightness level of the taken images was controlled in 30000 steps and automatically detected and detected data was converted to brightness. The brightness was rated according to the following criteria. 5100 cd/m2 or more is excellent, 5000 cd/m2 or more and less than 5100 cd/m2 is good, ' 4900 cd/m2 or more and less than 5000 cd/m2 is acceptable, and less than 4900 cd/m2 is bad. (6) Gloss Level r ^ I The gloss level was measured at an incident angle of 60 degrees and an acceptance angle of 60 degrees according to JIS K 7105 with a digital variable gloss meter (UGU-4D) manufactured by SUGATEST INSTRUMENTS Co., Ltd. (7) Flaw of Light Guide Plate i As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO (VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. was changed to a prescribed film and the prescribed film was brought into contact with the light guide I plate 13, then the reflective film was removed, the surface of the light guide I plate was observed, and the presence or absence of the flaw was visually l! identified. As evaluations of the flaw of the light guide plate, the light guide plate having no flaw is good, >• the fight guide plate having a few flaws is acceptable, and the light guide plate having flaws and being at an impracticable level is bad. (8) Screen Non-uniformity due to Adhesion As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO (VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. was changed to a prescribed film and a liquid crystal display was lit up in this state. A metal plate on a backside of a liquid crystal display was removed, a back of the reflective plate was pressed with a forefinger, and the brightness unevenness of the screen at that time was visually identified. As evaluations of the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion, the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has not occurred, is excellent, the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has occurredbut an area ot the screen non-umtormity is less tnan. z mm x z j mm, is good, ■ i the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has occurred but an area of the screen non-uniformity is 2 mm x 2; mm or more and less than 5 mm x 5 mm,"is acceptable, and the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has occurred but an area of the screen non-uniformity is 5 mm x & mm or more, is bad. ■ The area of the screen non-uniformity indicates a region where the distribution of the screen brightness is uneven and a region which looks like : I ■ bright whitish portion over the backlight, due to its adhesion to the light guide plate. ■ (9) Average Particle Size of Inorganic Particle and/or Organic Particle in Film . i 1 Using a transmission electron microscope Model HU-12 (manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.), cross sections of the layer A and/or the I Layer C were observed at an observation magnification of 100000 times and I to determine particle sizes from the photographs of the cross section. That is, an outline of a particle portion in the cross section photograph was traced, this particle portion was image-processed with a high}definition image analysis apparatus PIAS-IV (a manufactured by PIAS [Corp.), images I. of 100 particles in a measuring field were converted to an equivalent circle to determine a number average particle size, and this number average particle size was taken as an average particle size of the inorganic and/or organic particles. (10) Measuring method of amount of catalyst (ICP-OES method)) 0.1 g (part) of the film sample was weighed out in a platinum crucible, and carbonized and incinerated with a gas burner, and the resulting residue was subjected to a fusion treatment by sodium i carbonate "boric acid and then dissolved in diluted nitric acid. ., Insoluble matter was separated by filtration and incinerated, and was subjected to a heat fusion treatment by phosphoric acid and then dissolved in diluted, nitric acid. This solution was analyzed using an ICP optical emission spectrometry apparatus (manufactured by SII NanoTechnology Inc., SPS 3100 (sequential type), and manufactured by PerkinElmer Co;, Ltd., Optima 4300 DV (multi-type)). (11) Content of Spherical Particle in Applied Layer When the content of the spherical particle in the applied layer is unknown, it is determined according the following procedure. (i) The applied layer of the white reflective film is shaved off by a sharp knife, 0.05 g of the applied layer is sampled from the white film, and a binder resin component is extracted from this sample by using an organic solvent. (ii) A substance which is not dissolved in the organic solvent is considered as spherical particles, weight A (g) of the spherical particles is weighed, and a value calculated by the following equation is taken as "a content of spherical particles". • Content of spherical particle (% by weight) = weight A (g) of spherical particles/0.05 (g) x 100 (12) Refractive Index of Binder Resin and Refractive Index of Spherical Particle in Applied Layer When the. refractive indexes of the binder resin and the spherical particle are unknown, they are determined according the following > procedure. (i) A binder resin is extracted from an applied layer by using an organic solvent and the organic solvent is distilled off, and then a refractive index of light is measured at 25°C at a wavelength of 589.3 nm with an ellipsometry i method. Values obtained by this measurement are taken as \|a refractive index of a binder resin". (ii) The applied layer of a white reflective film is immersed in an organic solvent, the applied layer is peeled off from the white reflective film, and then the applied layer is pressed against a slide glass and slid on the slide glass to exfoliate spherical particles from the applied layer. A refractive index of the obtained spherical particle is determined according to a Becke's 1 line detection method. Specifically, the particle is put in a liquid organic compound, the particle in the liquid organic compound is observed at various liquid temperatures at which a refractive index of the liquid is known, and the refractive index of the liquid organic compound at the time i when the outline of the particle cannot be recognized is taken as "a it refractive index of a spherical particle". > ii (13) Volume Average Particle Size and Coefficient of Variation CV of Spherical Particles 3 A volume average particle size and a coefficient of variation CV of the spherical particles sampled in (ll) were measured using Coulter Multisizer III (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) as a particle size distribution measuring apparatus utilizing a pore electric resistance method. Number of particles and a particle volume were measured by measuring electric resistance of an electrolyte fraction corresponding to a volume of particles at the time when the particles pass through the pores. First, a trace amount of samples were dispersed in a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant, then this dispersion was added to a container of a designated electrolyte by a quantity in which a percentage of passing through an aperture (pore at detection section) was 10 to 20% while monitoring the display, measurement of a particle size was continued until number of particles passing through the pore reached 100000,; and data was automatically calculated to determine a volume average particle size, and a standard deviation and a coefficient of variation of the volume average particle size. The coefficient of variation can be calculated from the following formula. ■ Coefficient of variation CV (%) = standard deviation C\|im) of volume ii average particle size x 100/volume average particle size (urn) ij ij (14) Degree of yellow (b value) Using a SM color computer (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.), a h value representing a degree of yellow was determined by a reflection measuring method with a C/2° light source, b values of three samples were calculated and this was taken as a degree of yellow. (15) Light Resistance (Change in Yellowing) After a forced ultraviolet ray irradiation test was carried out under the following conditions using an accelerated UV testing apparatus EYE Super UV Tester SUV-W131 (manufactured by IWASAKI ELECTRIC Co., Ltd.), a b value was determined. An accelerated test was carried out on 3 samples, then b values before and after the test were measured, and an average of differences between before test and after test was itaken as light resistance (change rate in yellowing). "Ultraviolet Ray Irradiation Conditions" Illumination: 100 mW/cm^, temperature: 60°C, relative humidity: 50% RH, Illumination time: 48 hours The results of evaluation of light resistance were rated according to the following criteria, and; Class A and Class B were considered as acceptance. Class A: Change Rate in Yellowing is less than 5 ,- Class B: Change Rate in Yellowing is not less than 5 and less than 15 Class C: Change Rate in Yellowing is not less than 15. (16) Average Brightness (Table 2) Using a 21-inch direct type backlight (lamp tube diameter: 3 mm, number of lamps: 12, distance between lamps: 25 mm, distance between a reflective film and a lamp center: 4.5 mm, distance between a diffusion plate and a lamp center: 13.5 mm), the brightness of optical sheet constitutions of the following two models was measured. The diffusion plate was located closer to the light source than an optical sheet in both case. • Model V diffusion plate RM803 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 2 mm)/diffusion sheet GM3 (manufactured by KIMOTO Co., Ltd., thickness 100 urn) 2 sheets • Model 2: diffusion plate RM803 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 2 mmVdiffusion sheet GM3 (manufactured by KIMOTO Co., Ltd., thickness 100 um)/prism sheet BEF-II (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd., thickness 130 (mi)/polarized light separation sheet DBEF (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd., thickness 400 \|xm) In measurement of brightness, a cold cathode ray tube lamp was lit up for 60 minutes to stabilize a light source and then brightness (cd7m2) was measured using a luminance colorimeter model BM-7 fast (manufactured by TOPCON Corp.). An average value of brightness of three samples was determined and this average value was taken as average brightness. EXAMPLES The present invention will be described based on examples. Example 1 Using polyethylene terephthalate where a total amount of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li, Ca, Ge and Ti compounds, catalysts used in polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate, was 2.985 moles per 1 ton of polyethylene terephthalate and which was formed by polymerizing polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4000 has an L value of 62.8 and' a b value of 0.5 in color tone (according to JIS K 7105) as well as a haze value of 0.2%, i 65 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate, 5 parts by weight of a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene glycol l! (PBT/PTMG) (trade name: Hytrel manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY Co., I Ltd.), 10 parts by weight of a copolymer formed by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate, 10 mol% of isophthalic acid and 5 mol% of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 (PET/I/PEG), and 20 parts by weight of polymethylpentene were prepared and mixed, and the resulting mixture was dried at 180°C for 3 hours and then supplied (layer B) to an extruder B heated to a temperature of 270 to 300°C. On the other hand, 1 part by weight of 2% by weight master chips of silicon dioxide (containing silicon dioxide in an amount of 2% by weight with respect to the total amount of the master chips) having a number average particle size of 4 fim and 1 part by weight of 2% by weight master chips of silicon dioxide having a number average particle size of 2 Jim were added to 98 parts by weight of chips of polyethylene terephthalate, the resulting mixture was dried in a vacuum at 180°C for 3 hours and then -supplied (layer A) to an extruder A heated to 280°C, and these polymers were laminated through a laminating apparatus in such a way that these polymers have a constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A and a ratio of these three layers extruded was 1 ■: 12 : 1. and extruded into a sheet form from a j T-die. Furthermore, a non-stretched film obtained by cooling and I solidifying this film on a chill drum having a surface temperature of 25°C was guided to a series of rolls heated to a temperature of 85 to 98°C, stretched by 3.4 times in a longitudinal direction, and cooled with a series of rolls of 21°C. Subsequently, the film stretched in a longitudinal direction was led to a tenter while grasping both ends of the film with clips, and stretched by 3.6 times in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction under an atmosphere heated to 120°C. Thereafter,; the film was subjected to heat setting at 190°C in the tenter, and was slowly cooled uniformly to room temperature and wound to obtain a film having a thickness of 300 am. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 122%. Properties as a substrate for a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. High brightness was achieved in * ' 1! the direct type liquid crystal display. Example 2 I P A film, having a thickness of 300 p.m was prepared by the same ■ * t procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1'. The gloss level (60 degrees) I of the resulting film was 120%. Properties as a substrate for, a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. . High brightness was achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display. , ii Example 3 T A film having a thickness of 300 [im'was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 42%. Properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display. i ■f Example 4 A film having a thickness of 300 \|xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the ' 1 polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 55%. Properties as a substrate for1 a liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display. Example 5 A film having a thickness of 225 nm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 56%. Properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type i liquid crystal display. Example 6 A film having a thickness of 250 \im was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 113%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate and screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced. Further, very high « brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display. Example 7 1 A film having a thickness of 300 n-m was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1 and changing the lamination constitution of the layer A and the layer B from a three-layer to a two-layer. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 120%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There are a few flaws on the light guide plate but this film can be used in the application of the direct type liquid crystal display. Further, high brightness was achieved in the side light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display. Example 8 A film having a thickness of 225 \j.m was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 114%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced, and very high brightness was achieved. ] Example 9 .; A film having a thickness of 250 \xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 115%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, a degree of screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was low, and high brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display. Comparative Example 1 . A film having a thickness of 188 urn was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 104%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced, and high brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display. Comparative Example 2 A film having a thickness of 188 urn was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) and a thickness of the film to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 48%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due'to adhesion was not produced. High brightness was not achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display.: Comparative Example 3 A film having a thickness of 300 \xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. . The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 99%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid Crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. The flaw of the light guide plate was no problem but screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was found. High brightness was not achieved in the side light type liquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display. Comparative Example 4 I A film having a thickness of 250 \|xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) and a thickness of the film to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of [the resulting film was 27%. Properties as a substrate for a side light typefand a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen . non-uniformity due to adhesion was not found. High brightness was not J . I) ' achieved in the side light'type liquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display. Comparative Example 5 A film having a thickness of 188 \im was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) and a thickness of the film to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 26%. Properties as a substrate for a side Ught type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not found. High brightness was not achieved in the side light type hquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display. Comparative Example 6 f A film having a thickness of 100 um was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for adjusting the composition of the ij polyester layer (A) so as to have the same composition as thati of the polyester layer (B) and changing a thickness of the film to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 35%. Properties as a substrate for1 a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not found. High brightness was not achieved in the side light type hquid crystal display nor the direct type Hquid crystal display. [Table 1] Example 10 A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 9.9 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 0.45 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 urn, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied. Example 11 - A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 14.5 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 1.75 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 ; ■ I ■ urn, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which; 4.0 g/m2 of the coating' solution was applied. Example 12 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution7 was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using the ' ; Il polyester film of Example l.1 Example 13 A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by :: ■ ■ NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 14.5 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 1.75 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS'Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 am, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No. 12 manufactured by Metava corporation to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied. Example 14 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution'was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SSX-102, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 2.5 um, coefficient of variation CV 10%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 15 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except'for using nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd.; TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBX series, XX09FP, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 urn, coefficient of variation CV 27%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 16 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBX series, MB30X-8, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 8.0 \|im, coefficient of variation CV 32%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 17 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 exceptfor using porous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBP series, MBP-sjrefractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 8.0 fun, coefficient of variation CV 44%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a ■: . '■ light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 18 Into a 1000 ml four necked flask equipped with a stir ring, apparatus, a thermometer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 70 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 10 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as a polyfunctional monomer to form a crosslinking structure, 3 parts by weight ■ i!: of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-4-piperidylmethacrylate as a hindered arnine-based polymerizable compound, 10 parts by weight of 2-(2'"hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole as a benzotriazole-based polymerizable compound, and 1 part by weight of lauroyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator were charged. Further, 1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 224, manufactured by KUEARAY Co., Ltd.) as a dispersion stabilizer of this solution and 200 parts by weight of water were added. This mixture was stirred at a rotating speed of 9000 rpm. for 3 minutes with a homogenizer to disperse the polymerizable compound in water. Next, this dispersion was heated to 75°C and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours to be reacted, and\|the dispersion was further heated to 90°C to be reacted for 3 hours. After performing the reaction described above, the dispersion was cooled to room temperature and filtrated with a mesh filter having an opening of 40 ^im to eliminate flocculated substances. There was no flocculated substance in the resulting dispersion and the filtration of the dispersion was very excellent. The resin particles dispersed in the dispersion thus filtrated have a volume average particle size of 6.4 \|im and this resin particle was completely spherical. Thus, the dispersion of the resin particles was washed according to a normal method and then filtrated to separate the resin particles from a dispersion medium, and separated resin particles were dried and classified to obtain spherical particles'A (coefficient of variation CV 15%). A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 11.9 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 1.0 part by weight of spherical particles A (refractive index 1.49, average particle size 6.4 um, coefficient of variation CV 15%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, ultraviolet absorber- benzotriazole, light stabilizer-' hindered amine) while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 1'20°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating applied. solution was Example 19 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using nonporous silicon oxide (silica) particles (manufactured by FUSO CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., QUARTRON (registered trademark) SP series, SP-3C, refractive index 1.45, volume average particle size 3.0 urn, coefficient of variation CV 16%, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 20 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using nonporous silicone particles (manufactured by GE-Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd., Tospearl (registered trademark), Tospearl 145, refractive index 1-42, volume average particle size 4.5 um, coefficient of variation CV 12%, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Example 21 A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using nonporous polystyrene particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SBX series, SBK-8, refractive index 1.59, volume average particle size 8.0 \im, coefficient of variation CV 37%, styrene copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle. Comparative Example 7 On the polyester film of Comparative Example 3, an evaluation of light resistance and measurement of the brightness were performed without providing an applied layer. Comparative Example 8 ; On the polyester film of Comparative Example 3, an evaluation of light resistance and measurement of the brightness were performed without providing an applied layer. ■ Comparative Example 9 A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.) and 18.9 parts by weight of toluene while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Comparative Example 4 with a coating bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of only the binder resin was applied. Comparative Example 10 Nonporous benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate particles (manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., EPOSTAR (registered trademark), EPOSTAR M05, refractive index 1.66, volume average particle size 5.2 \im, coefficient of variation CV 35%, polyamide resin particle, crossliaked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) was used as a spherical particle and this coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Comparative Example 4 with a coating bar No. 12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied. Comparative Example 11 Nonporous silica particles (manufactured by FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL Ltd. SYLOPHOBIC 100 (registered trademark), refractive index 1.45, volume average particle size 2.5 um, coefficient of variation CV 49%, polyamide resin particle, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) was used as an amorphous spherical particle and this coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of i Comparative Example 4 with a coating bar No. 12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied. There were effects of improving the brightness (that is, effects of improving the reflectance of a white reflective film itself) in all of Examples 10 to 21. When comparing properties among Examples 18 to 21, it is found that if the difference in refractive indexes between the binder .resin and the spherical particle is reduced, the brightness is improved. When comparing properties among Examples 11, 15, 16, and Comparative Example 11, it is found that if the coefficient of variation of the spherical particle is reduced, the brightness is improved (comparison between Examples 11, 15, 16). When comparing properties among Examples 10, 11, 13, it is found that even if the differences in refractive indexes and the coefficients of variation are the same, the brightness varies depending on the content of the spherical particle in the applied layer. When comparing properties between Examples 14 and 15, it is found that even if the differences in refractive indexes and the coefficients of variation are the same, the brightness varies depending on the a volume average particle size of the spherical particles. Further, when a similar applied layer was provided on a white film, in which an addition amount of the particles in a surface layer was adjusted within a certain range, the brightness was further improved (Example 12). When the coefficient of variation exceeded 30, improvement in the brightness was small even though the difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle was 0.10 or less (Examples 16, 17). When the porous particles were used, or silicone or polystyrene susceptible to yellowing was used, there was an improvement in the brightness, but the light resistance was slightly low (Examples 17, 20, 2l). When the applied layer was not provided, the light resistance was rejected (Comparative Examples 7, 8). When the spherical particles were not added or when the difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle was more than 0.10, improvement in the brightness was not observed even though the applied layer was provided (Comparative Examples 9, 10). CLAIMS 1. A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a thickness of 200 (xm or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M 100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 ■i nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R- in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance' (%), %. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X. = r 560 into the approximation/formula R (%). •i 2. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein a gloss level of the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 100% or more. 3. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gloss level of the side (side B) opposite to the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less. i 4. A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, wherein the white polyester film has an applied layer containing spherical particles on at least one side of the white polyester film according to claim 1 and an absolute value of a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical particle and a binder resin constituting the applied layer is 0.10 or less. 5. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 4, wherein said spherical particle is a nonporous resin particle and a coefficient of variation CV of a volume average particle size is !30% or less. f 6. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 5, wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle isjat least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone resin, and polystyrene resin, acrylic copolymer, polystyrene copolymer, and copolymer of acrylic vinyl monomer and; styrene vinyl monomer. 7. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 6, wherein said spherical particle contains at least an acrylic resin and said acrylic copolymer is composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. 8. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 6, wherein said spherical particles are particles having a crosslinking structure. 9. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 4, wherein said spherical particle contains an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer. 10. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 9, wherein said ultraviolet absorber is at least one of ultraviolet absorbers selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole-based, benzophenone'based, oxalic anilide-based, cyanoacrylate-based and i triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers. I 11. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to I claim 9, wherein said light stabilizer is a hindered amine-based light ii stabilizer. 12. The white polyester film for a light reflective piate according to claim 4, wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle contains the same monomer components as those of a binder resin constituting said applied layer. 13. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A, and the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and the layer A is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the content of the particles is 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of each layer A. 14. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A', the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and the layer A and/or the layer A' is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the thickness of the layer A is 0.1 to 3 \iia. 15. A lamp reflector for a liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white reflective film according to claim 1 is provided with the applied layer face directed to a light source side. i 16. A direct type liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white reflective film according to claim 1 is provided with the applied layer face directed to a light source side.

Full Text

DESCRIPTION
WHITE POLYESTER FILM FOR LIGHT REFLECTIVE PLATE
TECHNICAL FIELD , ■
The present invention relates to a white polyester fiWfor a light
reflective plate. Particularly, the present invention relates to a white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate used.in reflective plates for relatively compact reverse prism type liquid crystal "[displays such as laptop computers and mobile phones, for side light type liquid crystal
displays using conventional BEF systems, and for direct type liquid crystal displays such as flat-screen televisions. Furthermore, the present
invention relates to a super-white polyester film having an excellent reflective property of blue light.
BACKGROUND ART
As a light source for liquid crystal displays, light sources of a backlight type in which light is irradiated from a backside of a display and a light reflective film described in Patent document 1 are heretofore widely used because they have an advantage that they are low-profile and can illuminate uniformly. When they are used, it is necessary to place a light
■F II
reflective plate on the backside of a screen in order to prevent the escape of
illuminating light to the backside of a screen. Since a small thickness and a high reflective property of light are required for this light reflective plate,
white films whitened by containing fine air bubbles within the film and reflecting light at the interface of the air bubble are principally used as a

light reflective plate.
Formation of the fine air bubbles is achieved by dispersing a non-compatible polymer having a high-melting point finely in'a film base material, for example polyester, and stretching (e.g., biaxial stretching) the resulting film. Voids (air bubbles) are formed around this non-compatible polymer particles during this stretching, and the void exhibits an effect on light reflection, and therefore the film can be whitened and a high reflectance can be attained (Patent document 2). Light reflected off the reflective plate is diffused and light other than light having upward directivity is reflected by a prism, and the reflection is repeated between the reflective plate and the prism, and light is ultimately sent to a liquid crystal cell in a state in which the directivity of light is enhanced. In this case, if reflection efficiency of the reflective plate is low or there are factors which cause light leakage or light decay in a system, since optical loss is produced during repetition of the reflection to deteriorate energy efficiency, the brightness of a screen is lowered or economy is deteriorated. '!
Further, the light reflective plate is requested to reflect all color (wavelength) of light uniformly from the viewpoint of color reproducibility of a display.
i
Furthermore, in order to prevent yellowing of the film due to ultraviolet rays emitted from a cold cathode ray tube, a white film prepared by laminating an ultraviolet absorbing layer is proposed (Patent documents 3 and 4).
In these white films, various methods for improving properties on the brightness are disclosed. For example, for the purpose of improving the

brightness in an edge light type, a method in which a light-shielding layer is provided on the film surface opposite to a light source is disclosed (Patent
!|
document 5). Further, a method, in which Ught diffuseness is controlled by
ii selecting a difference in refractive indexes between a spherical particle and
a binder and front brightness is improved by a light diffusion sheet, is
disclosed (Patent document 6). Further, a method, in which brightness
unevenness of a backlight is improved by controlling the diffuseness of a
film surface on the light source side in a reflective sheet in a direct backlight,
is disclosed (Patent document 7).
Patent document 1- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2003-160682
Patent document 2- Japanese Examined Patent Publication
No.8-16175 ij
!
Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2001-166295
Patent document 4'- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-90515
Patent document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-333510
Patent document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2001-324608
Patent document !'• Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2005-173546
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Problem to be solved by the Invention
As one method for enhancing the reflection efficiency of the light
i
reflective plate, there is a technique in which number of voids per unit area is increased by increasing a thickness of the white film. The present inventors tried this technique, but the brightness of a display was not so improved as expected and it was found that the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance varied. That is, a light reflectance at a long wavelength is improved, but an improvement in a light reflectance at a short wavelength is small.
It is an object of the present invention to solve such problems and
I
provide a white polyester film for a light reflective plate, which can attain
:i
high brightness when it is used in a side hght type liquid crystal display or a direct backlight type liquid crystal display.
Means for solving the Problem
The white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention to meet this object relates to^
(l) A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a thickness
of 200 um or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M 100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R:
in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a hght reflectance (%),*. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M

represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X. = 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%);
(2) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (l), wherein a gloss level of the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 100% or more;
(3) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (l) or (2), wherein a gloss level of the side (side B) opposite to the side A at an
i
incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less!
(4) A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, wherein the white
polyester film has an applied layer containing spherical particles on at least
one side of the white polyester film according to (l) and an absolute value of
i r
a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical particle and a
i
binder resin constituting the applied layer is 0.10 or less!
(5) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4),
ii \>
wherein said spherical particle is a nonporous resin particle and a
■I
coefficient of variation CV of a volume average particle size is 30% or less!
(6) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4) or (5), wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone resin, and polystyrene resin, acrylic copolymer, polystyrene copolymer, and copolymer of acrylic vinyl monomer and styrene vinyl monomer;
(7) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (6),
wherein said spherical particle contains at least an acrylic resin and said
;i acrylic copolymer is composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and
1

ethylene glycol dimethacrylatei
(8) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (6), wherein said spherical particles are particles having a crosslinking structure."
(9) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4), wherein said spherical particle contains an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer!
(10) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (9),
it
wherein said ultraviolet absorber is at least one of ultraviolet absorbers
t
selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole'based, benzophenone-based, oxalic anilide-based, cyanoacry late-based and
ji
triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers; (11) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (9), wherein said light stabilizer is a hindered amine-based light stabilizer,"
(12) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to (4), wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle contains the same monomer components as those of a binder resin constituting said applied layer;
(13) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layerA, and the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles,
and the layer A is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or
I organic particles in polyester and the content of the particlesjis 0.5% by
weight or less with respect to the total weight of each layer M
(14) The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to
■i

claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of
layer A/layer B/layer A', the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and
I the layer A and/or the layer A' is a layer formed by including inorganic
particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the thickness of the layer
A'is 0.1 to 3 [un!
(19) A lamp reflector for a liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white
I |
reflective film according to any one of (l) to (18) is provided with the applied
layer face or side B directed to a light source side; and
(20) A direct type liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white reflective film
according to according to any one of (l) to (18) is provided with the applied
■> layer face directed to a light jsource side.
i
f ■'1
Effect of the Invention ;
r
In accordance with the white polyester film for a liquid crystal display
reflective plate of the present invention, unprecedented high brightness can
be attained in side light type liquid crystal displays and direct backlight
J II
type liquid crystal displays., The present invention relates to a white
polyester film and this white polyester film exhibits high reflective
performance particularly in big direct backlight type liquid crystal displays
such as a TV set. Further, the white polyester film for a liquid crystal
display reflective plate of the present invention has high reflective
; \performance as relatively compact side light type liquid crystal displays
F
such as laptop computers and mobile phones.
By forming a white reflective film in which on at least one side thereof a specific applied layer is provided, it is possible to absorb ultraviolet

rays from a lamp, improve reflectance, and contribute to improvement in
l! brightness of a backlight when applied to the backlight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (reverse prism type) into which a reflective plate is incorporated.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (normal prism type), into which a side light type reflective plate is incorporated, and a reverse prism type, and a schematic view of a measuring method of brightness of the reverse prism type.
Fig, 3 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal screen (direct type), into which a reflective plate is incorporated, and a schematic view of a measuring method of brightness of the direct type.
DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS AND SYMBOLS
11; cold cathode ray tube
12; reflective plate
13; light guide plate
14; prism sheet
15; luminance colorimeter
16; cold cathode ray tube
17; reflective plate
18; light guide plate
19; prism sheet
20; luminance colorimeter

21; reflective plate
22; cold cathode ray tube
23; milky white plate
24; diffusion plate
25; prism sheet
26; polarizing prism sheet
27; CCD camera
28; Image analyzer (EyeScale)
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A film of the present invention desirably has a thickness of 200 |im or more. When the thickness is less than 200 (im, preferable iwavelength
dependency of spectral reflectance is relatively easily attained but an
t absolute reflectance is hardly attained. The thickness is preferably 225
u.m, and more preferably 300 um. Further, when the thickness is more
than 500 urn, a weigh of a panel may be increased when the film is
incorporated into the liquid crystal display.
In at least one side (side A) of the film of the present invention, M
satisfies a relationship of M dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is
approximated according to the following approximation formula R:
R = MxX + B,
in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and
represents a light reflectance (%), X represents a wavelength of light (nm),
M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), and B represents a constant

(%).
M satisfies preferably a relationship of M -0.060 (%/nm) because the light reflective plate is requested to reflect all color (wavelength) of light uniformly from the viewpoint of color
. i
reproducibility of a display. iM satisfies furthermore preferably a relationship of M ^ -0.050 (%/nm). The film satisfying a relationship of a wavelength coefficient M In the present invention, one of methods for satisfying a relationship of M Light is scattered/absorbed by impurities, metal components (catalyst), unsaturated bonds and the like in the reflective film and loses energy in its process. In this time, a part of scattered light is consumed
within the reflective film and becomes a component not contributing to the
I
brightness of a screen. Its effect increases as a wavelength becomes short
u and a short wavelength region of the spectral reflectance becomes relatively
low.
Then, the slope M can fall within the region by adjusting the degree
of purity of polymer, metal components (catalyst), and color tone of polymer.
Herein, the degree of purity of polymer refers to a quantity of unsaturated
bond in a polymer and a polymer having less unsaturated bond is preferably
used in the film of the present invention. Further, the metal components

(catalyst) comprise the following element group. Examples of the metal components (catalyst) include compounds using an element group of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li, Ca, Ge and Ti, but preferably, the amounts of the components are so small that polymerization of polymer may not be affected.
As for color tone of the polymer, in color tone of material chips, a polymer having a high L value (brightness) and a low b value (degree of yellow) is preferably used. By reducing these light-scattering/absorbing components, a reflectance in a short wavelength region becomes relatively high and a slope M becomes small. The reflectance in a short wavelength region is improved as the slope M becomes small, and this contributes to the improvement in the brightness of a screen.
In the present invention, it is necessary that an estimated reflectance R560 obtained by substitution of X = 560 into the approximation formula be 100% or more in at least one side of the film. When the
estimated reflectance is less than 100%, the brightness as backlights of a
I side light type liquid crystal display or a direct type liquid crystal display is
|
deteriorated. !j
i| In order to make the R560 100% or more, it is important that the
film be whitened by containing fine voids within the film, as describe below,
and when number of voids is increased, the reflectance R560 can be
improved. The reflectance R560 is preferably 102% or more, and more
preferably 104% or more. There is not an upper limit on the reflectance
R560, but the reflectance R560 is preferably 110% or less because it is
necessary to increase an addition amount of the void nucleus for increasing
the reflectance R560 and in that case, a film forming property may become

unstable.
In one aspect of the film of the present invention, a gloss level (60 degrees) of at least one side (side A) is preferably 100% or more. The gloss level is more preferably 115% or more, and furthermore preferably 120% or more. When the gloss level is less than 100%, light is scattered, and therefore a part of the scattered light proceeds to an angle region where light is all reflected within a film, and it cannot escape from the film to decay until the light is scattered again.
In order to make the gloss level 100% or more, it is important that number of inorganic or organic particles contained in the film be decreased. If the inorganic or organic particles having particle sizes similar to wavelengths of visible light are present in the vicinity of the film surface, the gloss level is reduced below 100%. Further, in many cases, since these
particles have refractive indexes which are different from that of the film,
I light is also scattered within the film. This effect is significant in light of
i. short wavelength and it is not preferable in the present invention that a
large amount of particles be present within the film.
Further, in another aspect of the film of the present invention, it is
preferable to form a surface in which a gloss level at an incident angle of 60
degrees is 70% or less. Particularly, in the side light type backlight, since
i
the incident angle of light is shallow, light needs to be diffused forward. And so, it is possible to preferably apply a surface in which a gloss level at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less by a method of controlling surface roughness. Examples of the method of controlling surface roughness include a method of adding particles having a refractive index

close to that of a film matrix resin, and a method of thinning a layer A' to a thickness of 0.1 to 3 am. When the layer A' is thinned, if a layer B is a layer including voids, the interface of the layer B becomes a rough surface due to the presence of the void and this rough interface resulting from the voids of the layer B can affect the layer A' to change the surface roughness. The thickness of the layer A' is preferably 0.5 to 2 fim, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 urn.
Polyester constituting the present invention is a polymer prepared from diol and dicarboxylic acid by polycondensation. Representative examples of the dicarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid, and representative examples of diol include ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, and cyclohexane dimethanol. Specific examples of the Polyesters include polymethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-p'oxybenzoaie,
!!
poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), and i]
poly ethylene-2,6-nap hthalenedicarboxylate. In the present invention,
particularly, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate are
preferable.
Naturally, these polyesters may be a homopolyester or a copolyester,
and examples of the copolymer components include diol components such as
I diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and polyalkylene glycol; and dicarboxylic
acid components such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic
acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 5'sodium sulfoisophthalic acid.
if Further, known various additives such as antioxidants and

II
antistatic agents may be added to this polyester. As the polyester used in
the present invention, polyethylene terephthalate is preferable. A
I polyethylene terephthalate film is superior in water resistance, durability
and chemical resistance.
The film of the present invention is preferably whitened by
containing fine air bubbles within the film. Formation of the fine air
bubbles is preferably achieved by dispersing a high-melting point polymer
which is non-compatible with polyester finely in a film base material, for
example polyester, and stretching (e.g., biaxial stretching) thertresulting
film. Voids (air bubbles) are formed around this non-compatible polymer
particles upon this stretching, and the void generates a difference in refractive indexes between the resin and the air layer to reflect light, and
■i l
therefore the film can be whitened and a high reflectance can.be attained.
- I
The polymer non-compatible:with polyester (hereinafter, sometimes
abbreviated as non-compatible polymer) is, for example, a polymer having a
melting point of 180°C or higher, selected from poly-3-methylbutene-l,
poly4-methylpentene-1, polyvinyH-butane,
l,4-trans-poly-2,3-dimethylbutadiene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polystyrene,
polymethylstyrene, polydimethylstyrene, polyfluorostyrene,
poly-2-methyl-4-fluorostyrene, polyvinyl t-butyl ether, cellulose triacetate,
cellulose tripropionate, polyvinyl fluoride, amorphous polyolefin, cyclic
olefins copolymer resin, and jpolychlorotrifluoroethylene. Among them,
polyolefms, particularly polymethylpentene and cyclic olefin, are preferable
for the polyester base material. Cyclic olefins copolymer resin is a
copolymer of ethylene and at least one cyclic olefin selected from the group

consisting of bicycloalkenes and tricycloalke'nes.
An addition amount of the non-compatible polymer (e.g., polyolefin) is preferably 5% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less, -taking an amount of the whole layer containing the non-compatible polymer as.100% by weight. The addition amount is more preferably 10% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less, and furthermore preferably 15% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less. When the addition amount is less than 5% by weight, an effect of whitening becomes low and a high reflectance is hardly attained, and when the addition amount is more than 25% by weight, mechanical properties such as strength of a film itself may become too small and there causes a problem that the film is apt to break in stretching and therefore productivity is deteriorated. With respect to a relationship between the addition amount of the non-compatible polymer and optical properties, number of void nucleuses increases and number of void layers increases as the addition amount of the non-compatible polymer increases, and therefore a reflectance is improved to contribute to improvement of brightness.
In order to disperse the non-compatible polymer as a particle having a particle size of 0.2 to 5 jxm, it is effective to add a specific '; gravity-decreasing material as a dispersion aid. The specific gravity-decreasing material is a compound having an effect of decreasing a specific gravity and specific compounds have such an effect. As the specific gravity-decreasing material, thermoplastic polyester elastomer is used. For example, representative examples thereof include polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, methoxy polyetlrylene glycol,

polytetramethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylsulfonate, glyceryl monostearate, tetrabutylphosphonium, and p-aminobenzenesulfonate. In the case of the film of the present invention, particularly, polyalkylene glycols, among them, polyethylene glycol is preferable. Further, a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene glycol is preferably used in order to improve the dispersibility of a non-compatible polymer. An addition amount of the specific gravity-decreasing material is preferably 3% by weight or morQ and 40% by weight or less, taking an amount of the whole layer containing the non'compatible polymer as 100% by weight. When the addition amount is less than 3% by weight, an effect of addition becomes low and the dispersibility of a polymer is deteriorated, and when the addition amount is more than 40% by weight, intrinsic characteristics of a base material of the film may be impaired. Such the specific gravity-decreasing material can be controlled by being added to a film base material polymer in advance to prepare a master polymer (master chip). With respect to a relationship between the specific gravity-decreasing material and optical properties, in a region from 3% by weight to 40% by weight, since a dispersion diameter becomes extremely small by adding a dispersion aid, number.iof void layers per the same, thickness increases and the reflectance is improved, and this
contributes to increase in brightness of a screen. In a region of more than
' I 40% by weight, even if the addition amount is increased, a dispersion
|j
diameter may not become small and may have no effect. .
As described above, when the white polyester film contains fine air

bubbles, thereby, the apparent specific gravity of the polyester!film becomes lower than that of a common polyester film. If further adding the specific
gravity-decreasing material, the specific gravity is further decreased. That
4 l| '
is, a white and light film can be obtained. In order to reduce the weight of
4 | ■
the white polyester film for a,liquid crystal display of the present invention while maintaining mechanical properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate, it is preferable that the apparent specific gravity be . 0.5 or more and 1.2 or less. ' The apparent specific gravity is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.55 or more andJ0.8 or less.
In order to make the apparent specific gravity 0.5 or more and 1.2 or
.'I . ! '
less, in the case of using the specific gravity-decreasing material, for example polymethylpentene having a specific gravity of 0.83, as described above, the specific gravity-decreasing material is contained in an amount 5% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of all layers and the film is stretched by 2.5 times to 4.5 times.
■ ■: I
When the apparent specific gravity falls within the range of the present invention, it is possible to allow a large number of fine air bubbles to exist
while maintaining film strength and a high reflectance can be attained. That is, when the white film of the present invention is used as a liquid
crystal display reflective plate, it exhibits significantly excellent brightness
in the brightness of a screen.; '
Further, the constitution of the white polyester film for a liquid
I' . ' crystal display reflective plate may be a two.-layer constitution of layer
A/layer B, or may be a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A,
layer A/layer B/layer A' or layer A/layer B/layer C, or maybe a multi-layer

constitution of layer A/layer B/- -/layer B/layer A, for example, constitutions
1 I!
composed of at least 20 layers and at most 3000 layers. It is preferable for
achieving a high reflectance and a film forming property simultaneously
I that the layer B become a layer containing the foregoing fine air bubbles
In the case of forming layer A/layer B/layer A', the same material is used in
the layer A and the layer A', but a thickness of the layer A' is made smaller
than that of the layer A. A preferable thickness of the layer A' is 0.1 to 3
Hm, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 |im. Further, it is preferable from the
viewpoint of reducing light loss due to scattering and improving a mirror
reflective property that the layer A (layer A') and/or the layer C
corresponding to the surface of the film be layers formed by including
inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester in an amount at
least 0.01% by weight and at most 0.5% by weight, preferably,at most 0.1%
by weight, more preferably at most 0.07% by weight with respect to the total
weight of the layer A and/or the layer C (layers containing inorganic
particles and/or organic particles ). When the particles are added, as
described above, a mirror reflective property is improved and therefore the
gloss level can be increased to 110% or more. However, when the addition
amount of inorganic particles and/or organic particles is less than 0.01% by
weight, since the surface becomes extremely smooth, the shdability of a flat
surface is deteriorated and wind defects are apt to occur to decrease yield.
The addition amount of inorganic particles and/or organic particles is
preferably 0.01% by weight or more from the viewpoint of handling ability
(prevention of surface flaws).
Light diffuseness may be required depending on the form of other

members of a backlight in which the reflective film is used. In this case, it
ii i
is also possible to bring the gloss level into 70% or less by including more
particles in the layer A'.
As inorganic particles and/or organic particles contained in a surface layer of the film, particles of a material selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, calcium phosphate, alumina, mica, titanated mica, talc, clay, kaolin, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride can be used. In the case of the present invention, silica is desirably used in order to maintain a high gloss of the surface.
Herein, when a type of a backlight is a direct type, an addition amount of the particles is preferably ultimately 0% by weightj but since in this case slidability of the film is deteriorated and productivity is
i!
deteriorated, it is preferable to add a small amount of the particles. The addition amount of the particles preferably falls within the region in consideration of an effect on an M value resulting from light scattering due to particle addition.
Further, the reverse prism type has a structure in which the reflective plate 12 adheres tightly to the light guide plate 13 due to the constitution of this type in Fig. 1 and therefore there readily causes a problem that inorganic particles are exfoliated to damage the light guide plate. When the addition amount of the particles exceeds 0.5% by weight, the exfoliation of particles is apt to cause the flaws. The addition amount of the particles is preferably 0.5% by weight or less, and more preferably

0.1% by weight or Jess.
In the edge hght type, if the planarity of the reflective film is too
1 high, locations where the. film strongly adheres to the light guide plate are
>y, 'brightness And so, it is o the screen is
generated to change a reflection angle there, and there
i
unevenness in a liquid crystal screen may be produced.
commonly carried out that the adhesion of the reflective film
decreased by giving a certain degree of surface roughness to the surface. A
number average particle size of the particles added for this purpose is
preferably 3 um or more and 7 um or less, and more preferably 3 to 5 |xm.
When the number average particle size on number is less than 3 urn, the
roughness of the surface is lowered and adhesion between the film and the
light guide plate may become high. When the average particle size is more
than 7 um, since the particle becomes coarse, it tends to exfoliate and this
may damage the light guide plate. On the other hand, in the direct type,
since a cold cathode ray tube exists between the light guide plate and the
reflective film, the light guide plate does not come into contact with the
".! I'
reflective film and there is not a possibility of occurrence of flaws of the hght
i
guide plate and the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion.
t The white polyester film of the present invention preferably has an
■ I'
applied layer containing spherical particles on at least one side of the white
:i . 1 '
polyester film. By containing the spherical particles, a projection shape is
formed at the surface of the applied layer, and the light, which is reflected
1 I .
off the white film surface and passes through the applied layer, is
I' concentrated by a lens effectithrough the projection shape at the surface of
.■ l|
the applied layer and this contributes to improvement in the brightness in a

front direction of a backlight.
A type of the spherical particle of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of organic particles and inorganic particles can be employed. As the organic spherical particles, acrylic resin particles, silicone resin particles, nylon resin particles, polystyrene resin particles, polyamide resin particles such as benzoguanamine, and urethane resin particles can be used. As the inorganic spherical particles, silicon oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfide, magnesium silicate, and mixtures thereof can be used. It is preferable to use the organic spherical particles from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the particles in a resin binder commonly used, ability to be applied and economy. Among them, acrylic polymers, polystyrene polymers, and copolymers of acrylic-based vinyl monomer and styrenebasedivinyl monomer are preferable, and particularly, and copolymers of acrylic-based vinyl monomer and styrene-based vinyl monomer can be suitably used in the present invention because a refractive index can be changed by adjusting a copolymerization proportion of two kinds of vinyl monomers.
When the applied layer is provided, it is preferable to adjust an absolute value (hereinafter, referred to as a refractive index differential) of a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical particle contained in the applied layer and the binder resin constituting the applied layer to 0.10
or less. As described above,'when the applied layer containsithe spherical
I
particles, the brightness in a front direction of a backlight is improved.
However, if there is the refractive index differential between the spherical particle and the binder resin, light, which is diffused at the interface

between the spherical particle and the binder resin and reaches the surface of the applied layer, of the light, which is reflected off the white film surface and passes through the applied layer, is reduced. That is; light loss due to
internal diffusion is increased and the reflectance is reversely reduced.
And so, since by adjusting the refractive index differential to 0.10 or less,
1 - ■ I
internally diffusing loss in the applied layer is reduced, light to reach the
surface of the applied layer is relatively increased and the reflectance is
improved. When the refractive index differential is more than 0.10, even if
the white reflective film of the present invention is incorporated into the
backlight, an effect of improving the brightness may not be achieved. The
refractive index differential is preferably 0.08 or less, more preferably 0.05
i t
or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 or less.
t
The refractive index herein refers to a proportion in which the undulation (such as light) traveling in a straight line changes^an angle of a traveling direction at an interface between mediums, and it is a vacuum-based sub stance-specific value, that is, an absolute refractive index.
Since the refractive index is an observed wavelength-specific value, the
I refractive index differential is a difference between values measured at the
same observed wavelength. For example, a refractive index of polyGnethyl
methacrylate), a typical acrylic resin, is 1.49 for light having a wavelength
of 589.3 nm. \ ■
The refractive index differential referred to herein refers to an
absolute value of a difference between a refractive index of the spherical
particle and a refractive index of the binder resin, and even when the
refractive index of the spherical particle is smaller than that of the binder
1 . H !
i

resin and the refractive index differential is a negative value, its absolute value, that is, a positive value is a refractive index differential.
"The refractive index of the spherical particle", and "the refractive index of the binder" are determined as follows.
(i) A binder resin is extracted from an applied layer by using an organic solvent and the organic solvent is distilled off, and then a refractive index of light is measured at 25°C at a wavelength of 589.3 nm with an ellipsometry method. Values obtained by this measurement are taken as "a refractive index of a binder resin".
(ii) The applied layer of a white reflective film is immersed in an organic solvent, and the applied layer is peeled off from the white film and then the applied layer is pressed against a slide glass and slid on the slide glass to exfoliate spherical particles from the applied layer. A refractive index of the obtained spherical particle is determined according to a Becke's line detection method. Specifically, the particle is put in a liquid organic compound, and the particle in the liquid organic compound is observed at. various liquid temperatures at which a refractive index of the^liquid is known and the refractive index of the liquid organic compound at the time when the outline of the particle cannot be recognized is taken as "a refractive index of a spherical particle".
The volume average particle size is not particularly limited as long
as the projection shape is formed at the surface of the applied! layer, but the
volume average particle size is preferably 0.05 M-m or more, more preferably
0.5 um or more, furthermore preferably 1 {im or more, and particularly
ii
preferably 3 u.m or more. When the volume average particle isize is less

than 0.05 am, an effect of improving the brightness of a backlight may not be achieved. Further, an upper limit of the volume average particle size is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 100 ^m or less since the ability to be applied may be poor if it exceeds 100 [xm.
In the spherical particles, a coefficient of variation CV of the volume
average particle size is preferably 30% or less. The coefficient of variation
CV herein refers to a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of the
volume average particle size by the volume average particle size. This
coefficient of variation CV is measured by a method described in Example
described later. The coefficient of variation CV is more preferably 20% or
less, particularly preferably 15% or less, and the most preferably 10% or
less. When the coefficient of variation CV is more than 30%, since the
uniformity of the particles is poor, the diffuseness of light is intensified and
an effect of improving the brightness of a backlight may become low. The
CV value can be reduced by classifying the particles and removing the
particles having an uneven particle size. j
The spherical particle is preferably nonporous from the viewpoint of
I. improvement in reflectance arid light resistance. If the spherical particle is
porous, an area of refractive interface between the binder resin and the
spherical particle increases, and therefore light loss due to internal diffusion
is increased and the reflectance is apt to decrease. Further, when a light
resistant resin is used as a binder resin of the applied layer, if the spherical
particle is porous, the binder resin is penetrated into pores. . [Therefore,
even if the binder resin is added in the same amount as that of the binder
j
resin in a case where nonporous spherical particles are used,la thickness of
1 =

he applied layer becomes relatively small and the light resistance may be leteriorated.
The content of the spherical particles in the applied layer is not
i
larticularly limited as long as the reflectance is improved, but1 the content of he spherical particle is preferably 3% by weight or more with Irespect to the vhole applied layer, though it cannot be uniquely limited because it depends
il
>n the types of the particle and the dispersibility of the particle in a coating jolution. The content is more preferably 5% by weight or more, urthermore preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably
L5% by weight or more. When the content is less than 3% byfweight, an
I iffect of improving the brightness of a backlight may not be achieved.
i
further, an upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but the content is preferably 30% by weight or less since the ability to be applied nay be poor if it exceeds 30% by weight.
When the applied layer is provided, since the spherical particle leeds to be dispersed in a solvent during an applying step, the spherical Jarticle requires solvent resistance and therefore the spherical particles preferably have a crosslinking structure. When the spherical particles do lot have a crosslinking structure, the spherical particles are eluted during ;he applying step and there may be cases where the applied layer in which particle shapes and particle sizes are maintained cannot be provided.
In order to form the crosslinking structure, it is preferable to form :he crosslinking structure by use of vinyl compounds having a plurality of functional groups in a molecule, and it is particularly preferable to use polyfunctional acrylic compounds such as difunctional acrylic.compounds,

trifunctional acrylic compounds, and at least tetrafunctional acrylic compounds as vinyl compounds having a plurality of functional groups in a molecule
As the spherical particle, "TECHPOLYMER" (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd.) can be used. When a coefficient of variation
:i ■I
is 30% or less, S series in the "TECHPOLYMER" products are; preferable, and when a coefficient of variation is 15% or less, spherical particles made of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate such as SSX series products can be most suitably used.
In the spherical particles, it is preferable that an ultraviolet
ij
absorber and/or a light stabilizer be added and that in producing these resins, the resin be chemically combined with an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer, having a reactive double bond, by copolymerization. It is preferable to fix the ultraviolet absorber and/or the light stabilizer by chemically combining like the latter in that bleed out from the spherical particle is less.
The ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer contained in the spherical particle are broadly divided into inorganic agents and organic agents.
As inorganic-based ultraviolet absorbers, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and the like are commonly known, and among them, zinc oxide is the most preferable in point of economy, an ultraviolet absorbing property and photocatalyst activity.
Examples of organic-based ultraviolet absorbers may include benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, oxalic anilide-based,

cyanoacrylate'based and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers. Since these ultraviolet absorbers just absorb ultraviolet rays and cannot capture organic radicals produced by ultraviolet irradiation, this radical may cause chain reaction degradation of a white film to become a substrate. It is preferable to use the ultraviolet absorber in combination with the light stabilizer in order to capture these radicals and particularly a light stabilizer of a hindered amine'based compound is suitably used.
As copolymerization monomers to fix the organic-based ultraviolet absorbers and/or the light stabilizers, acrylic-based or styrene'based vinyl monomers are preferable because of high general versatility and economy. Since styrene-based vinyl monomers have aromatic rings and are susceptible to yellowing, they are the most preferably copolymerized with the acrylicbased vinyl monomer from the viewpoint of light resistance.
As a reactive vinyl monomer-substituted benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (trade name:
RUVA-93, manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
i Further, as a reactive vinyl monomer-substituted hindered amine
compound, 4-methacryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyne ("ADK STAB
LA'82" manufactured by Adeka Argus Industry Co., Ltd.) can'be used.
Since if a difference in refractive indexes between the binder resin
and the spherical particle in the applied layer is reduced as far as possible,
the reflectance is improved, it is preferable that copolymer components and
monomer composition of the binder resin be identical to those of the
I!
:i
spherical particle. Furthermore, when both of the binder resin and the spherical particle are composed of resins to which an ultraviolet absorber

and/or a light stabilizer is added, the light resistance of the applied layer can also be improved. '. -In the white reflective film of the present invention, the white film of
a substrate may be deteriorated (e.g., photodeterioration such as yellowing,
.1 I ■
or degradation in which a molecular weight is decreased) during being used
' - I
as a backlight by light, particularly ultraviolet rays, emitted from a lamp of
i J ■
a cold cathode ray tube or the like, and therefore it is preferable that the
ultraviolet absorber and/or the light stabilizer be contained in a layer of the
white film of a substrate and/or in the binder resin layer provided on one
side. Materials of the binder resin layer is not particularly limited, but
i \ ■
resins principally containing organic components are preferable and
examples of the resins include polyester resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic
' ! Il
resin, methacrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene ,
I resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene
' 1 ■
resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and fluorine-based resins. These resins may
be used alone or as a copolymer or a mixture of two or more kinds of them.
Among them, the polyester resin, the polyurethane resin, and acrylic or
dispersibility of particles, an ability to be applied and a gloss level. From
the viewpoint of the light resistance of the applied layer, it is more
preferable that the binder resin layer also contain an ultraviolet absorber
and a light stabilizer. ]
A resin constituting a resin layer containing an ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, and resins containing an inorganic ultraviolet
methacrylic resin are preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance,

absorber, resins containing an organic ultraviolet absorber, and resins

stabilizer, by
formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based reactive monomer can be used.
As a resin constituting a resin layer containing a light i organic ultraviolet absorbing resins containing a resin formed' copolymerizing a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer and the like are preferably used. .
As the inorganic-based ultraviolet absorber, zinc oxide[ titanium
f ' oxide, cerium oxide and zirconium oxide are common. Among these
II absorbers, at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide,
titanium oxide and cerium oxide is preferably used because it does not cause
bleed out and has an excellent light resistance. Such ultraviolet absorber
' . I
may be used in combination of several kinds as required. Among them,
zinc oxide is the most preferable in point of economy, an ultraviolet
■!
absorbing property and photocatalyst activity. As the zinc oxide, FINEX-25
f LP, FINEX-50 LP (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd.) and
the like can be used.
As the organic-based'ultraviolet absorbers, resins containing an
organic ultraviolet absorber such as benzotriazole and benzophenone, resins
formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based
reactive monomer, or resins formed by copolymerizing these resins with a
light stabilizer such as a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer can be used. Particularly, resins formed by copolymerizing a benzotriazole-based or a benzophenone-based reactive monomer, and
organic ultraviolet absorbing resins containing a resin formed by

copolymerizing a hindered amine (HALS)-based reactive monomer with the
« resins are more preferable because of a large effect of absorbing ultraviolet
light in a thin layer.
Methods for manufacturing these resins are disclosed in detail in paragraphs [0019] to [0039] of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2002-90515. Particularly, HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) (manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.) containing a copolymer of an acrylic monomer and an ultraviolet absorber as an active component, and the like can be used.
As described previously, if a difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle is reduced as far as possible, since the reflectance is improved and further the light resistance of the applied layer is also improved, it is preferable that copolymer components, monomer composition, ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers of the resin binder be identical to those of the spherical particle.
Next, a method for manufacturing a white polyester film for a light
I reflective plate of the present invention will be described, but the present
invention is not limited to this example.
First, purity of terephthalic acid being a base of polyethylene
terephthalate is increased to reduce a total amount of metal catalyst
compounds such as compounds using an element group of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li,
Ca, Ge and Ti at the time of forming polyester being a base by
polymerization, and by controlling reaction time and reaction temperature,
polyethylene terephthalate, which has less catalyst residue and has a high L
value and a low b value, is obtained.

Next, polymethylpentene as a non-compatible polymer, and
polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and
1- ■ polytetramethylene glycol as, a specific gravity-de creasing material are
I mixed in the polyethylene terephthalate formed by polymerization by the
above method, and the resulting mixture is adequately mixed and dried, and
then supplied to an extruder A heated to a temperature of 270 to 300°C If
required, polyethylene terephthalate including inorganic additives such as
Si02 may be supplied to an extruder B by a common method, and a layer of
the extruder A and a layer of the extruder B may be laminated in a
three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A in a TMie three-layer
'!
nozzle so that a polymer of the layer of the extruder B becomes both surface
i
layers. ■' a drum, a
This melted sheet was brought into close contact with
surface temperature of which is cooled to 10 to 60°CJ by an electrostatic
I force, cooled, and solidified to obtain a non-stretched film, and the
■ ' ||
non-stretched film is guided to a series of rolls heated to a temperature of 80
to 120°C, stretched by 2.0 to 5.0 times in a longitudinal direction, and cooled
with a series of rolls of 20 to '50°C. Subsequently, the film stretched in a
longitudinal direction was led to a tenter while grasping both/ends of the
film with clips, and was transversely stretched in a direction perpendicular
to a longitudinal direction in an atmosphere heated to a temperature of 90
! i|
to 140°C. The film is stretched by 2.5 to 4.5 times in a longitudinal or transverse direction, but a ratio of area of the stretched film to original area
(longitudinal draw ratio x transverse draw ratio) is preferably 9 to 16.
1 .1
When the ratio of area is less than 9, whiteness of the resulting film

becomes poor, and when the ratio is more than 16, the film is apt to break in stretching and a film forming property tends to become poor. In order to impart planarity and dimensional stability to the film thus biaxially stretched, the film is subjected to heat setting at a temperature of 150 to 230°C in the tenter and is slowly cooled uniformly to room temperature and wound to obtain a film of the present invention.
Various additives may be added to the white film and/or the applied layer of the present invention within the range of not impairing the effects of the present invention. As the additives, for example, organic andVor inorganic fine particles, fluorescent brighteners, crosslinking agents, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, organic lubricants, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, dyes, fillers, dispersants, coupling agents and the like can be used.
In the white reflective plate of the present invention, an average
reflectance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm measured from a plane in
which the applied layer is provided is preferably 85% or morej more
preferably 87% or more, and1 particularly preferably 90% or more. When
the average reflectance is less than 85%, some liquid crystal displays to
which the white film of the present invention is applied may be low in
brightness. When the applied layer is provided on both sides of the white
film, the average reflectance measured from any one of applied layers on
both sides may be 85% or more. ' "
When the applied layer of the present invention is applied to a white film being a substrate, a coating solution may be applied by any method. The methods such as gravure coating, roller coating, spin coating, reverse coating, bar coating, screen coating, blade coating, air knife coating, and

dipping may be employed. Further, the coating solution for forming the applied layer may be applied (in line coating) concurrently with the
i
production of the white film of a substrate may be used, or may be applied (offline coating) onto a white film in which the crystalline orientation has been completed.
The white reflective film of the present invention thus.obtained can realize an improvement in the brightness of the liquid crystal backlight, and in accordance with the further preferred aspect, the white reflective film can be favorably used as reflective plates for area light sources of edge-light and
direct type for a liquid crystal screen and as reflectors since the reduction in
I reflectance is low even long-term use. When the white reflective film of the
I
present invention is used in these area light sources, it is installed with its
applied layer directed to the light sources.
The white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate of the present invention thus obtained has fine air bubbles formed within the film to achieve a high reflectance and can attain high brightness when it is used as a reflective plate of side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays. [Measurement of Properties and Method of Evaluation of Effect]
Methods of evaluation of properties and methods of evaluation of
effects of the present invention are as follows. j
(l) Spectral Reflectance ■?
n
A reflectance in a case where an integrating sphere was attached to a spectrophotometer (U-3310) manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corp. and a standard white plate (aluminum oxide) is taken as 100% is

measured over a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm. The reflectance is read from the resulting chart at 5 nm intervals and this reflectance is taken as a spectral reflectance.
(2) Calculation Method of Wavelength Coefficient M and Estimated
I 1
Reflectance R560 ,l . j
In the method, in at least one side (side A) of the film, the spectral
reflectance at a wavelength range of 450 to 600 nm is measured. The
wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance is approximated according to
the following approximation formula R:
by a least square method, based on spectral reflectance measured at 5 nm
intervals to determine M (%/nm) and R560. jj
In the formula, R represents a light reflectance (%), "k represents a
i-wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B
represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance
obtained by introducing X = 560 nm into the approximation formula R (%).
(3) Apparent specific gravity
A film is cut into the size of 100 mm x 100 mm, thicknesses of at least 10 points are measured with a measuring element with a dial gauge, and an average thickness d (^m) is calculated. Further, this/film is weighed with a direct-reading balance to read out weight w (g) to an order of
l!
10~4. Then, an apparent specific gravity = w/d x 100 is calculated.
(4) Brightness of Screen (Side Light Type Brightness) (Table l)
As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO (VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. is changed to a prescribed film

and the brightness is measured at a measuring distance of 850 mm with a
luminance colorimeter 15 (BM-7 fast manufactured by TopconlCorp.X
Measurement is performed three times and averaged. The brightness was
rated according to the following criteria.
3000 cd/m2 or more is excellent,
2950 cd/m2 or more and less than 3000 cd/m2 is good,
2900 cd/m2 or more and less than 2950 cd/m2 is acceptable, and
less than 2900 cd/m2 is bad.
(5) Brightness of Screen (Direct type Brightness) (Table l)
As shown in Fig. 3, a reflective film bonded in a backlight of 181BLM07 (manufactured by NEC Corp.) was changed to a prescribed film sample and a liquid crystal display was lit up. The film sample was held for one hour in this state to stabilize a light source, and a screen portion of a liquid crystal display was taken with a CCD camera (DXC-390
manufactured by SONY Corp.) and images were captured by an image
I
analyzer EyeScale manufactured by I.System Corp. Thereafter, the
brightness level of the taken images was controlled in 30000 steps and
automatically detected and detected data was converted to brightness. The
brightness was rated according to the following criteria.
5100 cd/m2 or more is excellent,
5000 cd/m2 or more and less than 5100 cd/m2 is good, '
4900 cd/m2 or more and less than 5000 cd/m2 is acceptable, and
less than 4900 cd/m2 is bad.
(6) Gloss Level
r ^
I
The gloss level was measured at an incident angle of 60 degrees and

an acceptance angle of 60 degrees according to JIS K 7105 with a digital variable gloss meter (UGU-4D) manufactured by SUGATEST INSTRUMENTS Co., Ltd.
(7) Flaw of Light Guide Plate
i As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO
(VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. was changed to a prescribed
film and the prescribed film was brought into contact with the light guide
I
plate 13, then the reflective film was removed, the surface of the light guide
I plate was observed, and the presence or absence of the flaw was visually
l!
identified.
As evaluations of the flaw of the light guide plate,
the light guide plate having no flaw is good, >•
the fight guide plate having a few flaws is acceptable, and
the light guide plate having flaws and being at an impracticable level is bad.
(8) Screen Non-uniformity due to Adhesion
As shown in Fig. 1, a reflective film 12 of a backlight of VAIO (VGN-S52B/S) manufactured by SONY Corp. was changed to a prescribed film and a liquid crystal display was lit up in this state. A metal plate on a backside of a liquid crystal display was removed, a back of the reflective plate was pressed with a forefinger, and the brightness unevenness of the screen at that time was visually identified. As evaluations of the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion, the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has not occurred, is excellent, the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has

occurredbut an area ot the screen non-umtormity is less tnan.

z mm x z

j
mm, is good,
■ i
the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has occurred but an area of the screen non-uniformity is 2 mm x 2; mm or more and less than 5 mm x 5 mm,"is acceptable, and the display, in which the screen non-uniformity due to adhesion has
occurred but an area of the screen non-uniformity is 5 mm x & mm or more,
is bad. ■
The area of the screen non-uniformity indicates a region where the distribution of the screen brightness is uneven and a region which looks like
: I ■
bright whitish portion over the backlight, due to its adhesion to the light
guide plate. ■
(9) Average Particle Size of Inorganic Particle and/or Organic Particle in
Film . i
1 Using a transmission electron microscope Model HU-12
(manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.), cross sections of the layer A and/or the
I Layer C were observed at an observation magnification of 100000 times and
* I
to determine particle sizes from the photographs of the cross section. That
is, an outline of a particle portion in the cross section photograph was
traced, this particle portion was image-processed with a high}definition
image analysis apparatus PIAS-IV (a manufactured by PIAS [Corp.), images
I. of 100 particles in a measuring field were converted to an equivalent circle
to determine a number average particle size, and this number average
particle size was taken as an average particle size of the inorganic and/or
organic particles.

(10) Measuring method of amount of catalyst (ICP-OES method))
0.1 g (part) of the film sample was weighed out in a platinum crucible, and carbonized and incinerated with a gas burner, and the resulting residue was subjected to a fusion treatment by sodium
i
carbonate "boric acid and then dissolved in diluted nitric acid. ., Insoluble matter was separated by filtration and incinerated, and was subjected to a heat fusion treatment by phosphoric acid and then dissolved in diluted, nitric acid. This solution was analyzed using an ICP optical emission spectrometry apparatus (manufactured by SII NanoTechnology Inc., SPS 3100 (sequential type), and manufactured by PerkinElmer Co;, Ltd., Optima 4300 DV (multi-type)).
(11) Content of Spherical Particle in Applied Layer
When the content of the spherical particle in the applied layer is unknown, it is determined according the following procedure. (i) The applied layer of the white reflective film is shaved off by a sharp knife, 0.05 g of the applied layer is sampled from the white film, and a binder resin component is extracted from this sample by using an organic solvent.
(ii) A substance which is not dissolved in the organic solvent is considered as spherical particles, weight A (g) of the spherical particles is weighed, and a value calculated by the following equation is taken as "a content of spherical particles".
• Content of spherical particle (% by weight) = weight A (g) of spherical particles/0.05 (g) x 100
(12) Refractive Index of Binder Resin and Refractive Index of Spherical

Particle in Applied Layer
When the. refractive indexes of the binder resin and the spherical particle are unknown, they are determined according the following
>
procedure.
(i) A binder resin is extracted from an applied layer by using an organic solvent and the organic solvent is distilled off, and then a refractive index of light is measured at 25°C at a wavelength of 589.3 nm with an ellipsometry
i
method. Values obtained by this measurement are taken as |a refractive index of a binder resin".
(ii) The applied layer of a white reflective film is immersed in an organic solvent, the applied layer is peeled off from the white reflective film, and then the applied layer is pressed against a slide glass and slid on the slide glass to exfoliate spherical particles from the applied layer. A refractive index of the obtained spherical particle is determined according to a Becke's
1
line detection method. Specifically, the particle is put in a liquid organic compound, the particle in the liquid organic compound is observed at various liquid temperatures at which a refractive index of the liquid is known, and the refractive index of the liquid organic compound at the time
i
when the outline of the particle cannot be recognized is taken as "a
it
refractive index of a spherical particle".
> ii
(13) Volume Average Particle Size and Coefficient of Variation CV of
Spherical Particles 3
A volume average particle size and a coefficient of variation CV of
the spherical particles sampled in (ll) were measured using Coulter
Multisizer III (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) as a particle size

distribution measuring apparatus utilizing a pore electric resistance
method. Number of particles and a particle volume were measured by
measuring electric resistance of an electrolyte fraction corresponding to a
volume of particles at the time when the particles pass through the pores.
First, a trace amount of samples were dispersed in a dilute aqueous solution
of a surfactant, then this dispersion was added to a container of a
designated electrolyte by a quantity in which a percentage of passing
through an aperture (pore at detection section) was 10 to 20% while
monitoring the display, measurement of a particle size was continued until
number of particles passing through the pore reached 100000,; and data was
automatically calculated to determine a volume average particle size, and a
standard deviation and a coefficient of variation of the volume average
particle size. The coefficient of variation can be calculated from the
following formula.
■ Coefficient of variation CV (%) = standard deviation C|im) of volume
ii average particle size x 100/volume average particle size (urn) ij
ij
(14) Degree of yellow (b value) Using a SM color computer (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.), a h value representing a degree of yellow was determined by a reflection measuring method with a C/2° light source, b values of three samples were calculated and this was taken as a degree of yellow.
(15) Light Resistance (Change in Yellowing)
After a forced ultraviolet ray irradiation test was carried out under the following conditions using an accelerated UV testing apparatus EYE Super UV Tester SUV-W131 (manufactured by IWASAKI ELECTRIC Co.,

Ltd.), a b value was determined. An accelerated test was carried out on 3
samples, then b values before and after the test were measured, and an
average of differences between before test and after test was itaken as light
resistance (change rate in yellowing).
"Ultraviolet Ray Irradiation Conditions"
Illumination: 100 mW/cm^, temperature: 60°C, relative humidity: 50% RH,
Illumination time: 48 hours
The results of evaluation of light resistance were rated according to the following criteria, and; Class A and Class B were considered as acceptance.
Class A: Change Rate in Yellowing is less than 5 ,-
Class B: Change Rate in Yellowing is not less than 5 and less than 15 Class C: Change Rate in Yellowing is not less than 15. (16) Average Brightness (Table 2)
Using a 21-inch direct type backlight (lamp tube diameter: 3 mm, number of lamps: 12, distance between lamps: 25 mm, distance between a reflective film and a lamp center: 4.5 mm, distance between a diffusion plate and a lamp center: 13.5 mm), the brightness of optical sheet constitutions of the following two models was measured. The diffusion plate was located closer to the light source than an optical sheet in both case.
• Model V diffusion plate RM803 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 2 mm)/diffusion sheet GM3 (manufactured by KIMOTO Co., Ltd., thickness 100 urn) 2 sheets
• Model 2: diffusion plate RM803 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 2 mmVdiffusion sheet GM3 (manufactured by

KIMOTO Co., Ltd., thickness 100 um)/prism sheet BEF-II (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd., thickness 130 (mi)/polarized light separation sheet DBEF (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd., thickness 400 |xm)
In measurement of brightness, a cold cathode ray tube lamp was lit up for 60 minutes to stabilize a light source and then brightness (cd7m2) was measured using a luminance colorimeter model BM-7 fast (manufactured by TOPCON Corp.). An average value of brightness of three samples was determined and this average value was taken as average brightness.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will be described based on examples.
Example 1
Using polyethylene terephthalate where a total amount of Sb, K, P, Mg, Li, Ca, Ge and Ti compounds, catalysts used in polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate, was 2.985 moles per 1 ton of polyethylene terephthalate and which was formed by polymerizing polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4000 has an L value of 62.8 and' a b value of 0.5 in color tone (according to JIS K 7105) as well as a haze value of 0.2%,
i
65 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate, 5 parts by weight of a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene glycol
l!
(PBT/PTMG) (trade name: Hytrel manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY Co.,
I
Ltd.), 10 parts by weight of a copolymer formed by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate, 10 mol% of isophthalic acid and 5 mol% of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 (PET/I/PEG), and 20

parts by weight of polymethylpentene were prepared and mixed, and the resulting mixture was dried at 180°C for 3 hours and then supplied (layer B) to an extruder B heated to a temperature of 270 to 300°C.
On the other hand, 1 part by weight of 2% by weight master chips of silicon dioxide (containing silicon dioxide in an amount of 2% by weight with respect to the total amount of the master chips) having a number average particle size of 4 fim and 1 part by weight of 2% by weight master chips of silicon dioxide having a number average particle size of 2 Jim were added to 98 parts by weight of chips of polyethylene terephthalate, the resulting mixture was dried in a vacuum at 180°C for 3 hours and then -supplied (layer A) to an extruder A heated to 280°C, and these polymers were laminated through a laminating apparatus in such a way that these polymers have a constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A and a ratio of these three layers extruded was 1 ■: 12 : 1. and extruded into a sheet form from a
j
T-die. Furthermore, a non-stretched film obtained by cooling and
I solidifying this film on a chill drum having a surface temperature of 25°C
was guided to a series of rolls heated to a temperature of 85 to 98°C,
stretched by 3.4 times in a longitudinal direction, and cooled with a series of
rolls of 21°C. Subsequently, the film stretched in a longitudinal direction
was led to a tenter while grasping both ends of the film with clips, and
stretched by 3.6 times in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal
direction under an atmosphere heated to 120°C. Thereafter,; the film was
subjected to heat setting at 190°C in the tenter, and was slowly cooled
uniformly to room temperature and wound to obtain a film having a
thickness of 300 am. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was

122%. Properties as a substrate for a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. High brightness was achieved in
* ' 1!
the direct type liquid crystal display.
Example 2
I P
A film, having a thickness of 300 p.m was prepared by the same
■ * t
procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the
polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1'. The gloss level (60 degrees)
I of the resulting film was 120%. Properties as a substrate for, a direct type

liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1.

. High

brightness was achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display. ,
ii
Example 3
T
A film having a thickness of 300 [im'was prepared by the same
procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the
polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 42%. Properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was
achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display.
i ■f
Example 4
A film having a thickness of 300 |xm was prepared by the same
procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the
' 1
polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees)

of the resulting film was 55%. Properties as a substrate for1

a liquid crystal

display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was achieved in the direct type liquid crystal display.
Example 5
A film having a thickness of 225 nm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 56%. Properties as a substrate for a liquid crystal display reflective plate are as shown in Table 1. Very high brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type
i
liquid crystal display.
Example 6
A film having a thickness of 250 \im was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 113%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate and screen
non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced. Further, very high
« brightness was achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the
direct type liquid crystal display.
Example 7
1 A film having a thickness of 300 n-m was prepared by the same

procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1 and changing the lamination constitution of the layer A and the layer B from a three-layer to a two-layer. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 120%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. There are a few flaws on the light guide plate but this film can be used in the application of the direct type liquid crystal display. Further, high brightness was achieved in the side light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display.

Example 8 A film having a thickness of 225 \j.m was prepared by the same
procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the
polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level
(60 degrees) of the resulting film was 114%. Properties as a substrate for a
side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as
shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, screen
non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced, and very high brightness
was achieved. ]
Example 9 .;
A film having a thickness of 250 \xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 115%. Properties as a substrate for a side light

type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in
Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, a degree of screen
non-uniformity due to adhesion was low, and high brightness was achieved
in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal
display.
Comparative Example 1 .

A film having a thickness of 188 urn was prepared by the same

procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the
polyester layers (A) and (B) to those described in Table 1. The gloss level
(60 degrees) of the resulting film was 104%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as
shown in Table 1. There was no flaw on the light guide plate, screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not produced, and high brightness was
achieved in the edge light type liquid crystal display and the direct type liquid crystal display.
Comparative Example 2
A film having a thickness of 188 urn was prepared by the same
procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the
polyester layer (A) and a thickness of the film to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 48%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due'to adhesion

was not produced. High brightness was not achieved in the edge light type
liquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display.:
Comparative Example 3
A film having a thickness of 300 \xm was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the composition of the polyester layer (A) to that described in Table 1. . The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 99%. Properties as a substrate for a side light type and a direct type liquid Crystal display reflective plates are as shown in
Table 1. The flaw of the light guide plate was no problem but screen
non-uniformity due to adhesion was found. High brightness was not
achieved in the side light type liquid crystal display nor the direct type
liquid crystal display.
Comparative Example 4
I A film having a thickness of 250 |xm was prepared by the same
procedure as in Comparative Example 1 except for changing the
compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) and a thickness of the film
to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of [the resulting
film was 27%. Properties as a substrate for a side light typefand a direct
type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level
of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen .
non-uniformity due to adhesion was not found. High brightness was not
J . I) '
achieved in the side light'type liquid crystal display nor the direct type
liquid crystal display.

Comparative Example 5
A film having a thickness of 188 \im was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except for changing the compositions of the polyester layers (A) and (B) and a thickness of the film to those described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 26%. Properties as a substrate for a side Ught type and a direct type liquid crystal display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due to adhesion was not found. High brightness was not achieved in the side light type hquid crystal display nor the direct type liquid crystal display.
Comparative Example 6
f A film having a thickness of 100 um was prepared by the same
procedure as in Example 1 except for adjusting the composition of the
ij
polyester layer (A) so as to have the same composition as thati of the polyester layer (B) and changing a thickness of the film to that described in Table 1. The gloss level (60 degrees) of the resulting film was 35%.
Properties as a substrate for1 a side light type and a direct type liquid crystal
display reflective plates are as shown in Table 1. A level of the flaw of the
light guide plate was impracticable but screen non-uniformity due to
adhesion was not found. High brightness was not achieved in the side light
type hquid crystal display nor the direct type Hquid crystal display.

[Table 1]

Example 10 A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by
NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 9.9 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and
0.45 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by
SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark)
SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0
urn, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without
an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while
stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto
one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No.12
manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to
obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied.
Example 11 -

A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of
HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution
having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 14.5 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and
1.75 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by

SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark)
SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0
; ■ I ■
urn, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without
an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto
one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which; 4.0 g/m2 of the coating' solution was applied.
Example 12
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution7 was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using the
' ; Il
polyester film of Example l.1
Example 13
A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of
HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by
:: ■ ■
NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 14.5 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and
1.75 parts by weight of nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by

SEKISUI PLASTICS'Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark)
SSX series, SSX-105, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 am, coefficient of variation CV 9%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without
an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle while

stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto
one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating bar No. 12
manufactured by Metava corporation to obtain a white film on which 4.0
g/m2 of the coating solution was applied.
Example 14
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution'was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SSX-102, refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 2.5 um, coefficient of variation CV 10%,

acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.
Example 15
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except'for using
nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co.,

Ltd.; TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBX series, XX09FP,
refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 5.0 urn, coefficient of

variation CV 27%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an

ultraviolet

absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.

Example 16
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied,
was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 except for using
nonporous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co.,

Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBX series, MB30X-8,
refractive index 1.49, volume average particle size 8.0 |im, coefficient of
variation CV 32%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet
absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.
Example 17
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied,
was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 11 exceptfor using
porous acrylic particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co., Ltd.,
TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) MBP series, MBP-sjrefractive
index 1.49, volume average particle size 8.0 fun, coefficient of variation CV
44%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a
■: . '■
light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.
Example 18
Into a 1000 ml four necked flask equipped with a stir ring, apparatus, a thermometer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 70 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 10 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as a
polyfunctional monomer to form a crosslinking structure, 3 parts by weight
■ i!:

of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-4-piperidylmethacrylate as a hindered arnine-based

polymerizable compound, 10 parts by weight of

2-(2'"hydroxy-5'-methacryloxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole as a
benzotriazole-based polymerizable compound, and 1 part by weight of
lauroyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator were charged. Further, 1
part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 224, manufactured by KUEARAY
Co., Ltd.) as a dispersion stabilizer of this solution and 200 parts by weight

of water were added. This mixture was stirred at a rotating speed of 9000
rpm. for 3 minutes with a homogenizer to disperse the polymerizable

compound in water. Next, this dispersion was heated to 75°C and
maintained at this temperature for 2 hours to be reacted, and|the dispersion
was further heated to 90°C to be reacted for 3 hours.

After performing the reaction described above, the dispersion was
cooled to room temperature and filtrated with a mesh filter having an
opening of 40 ^im to eliminate flocculated substances. There was no
flocculated substance in the resulting dispersion and the filtration of the
dispersion was very excellent.
The resin particles dispersed in the dispersion thus filtrated have a
volume average particle size of 6.4 |im and this resin particle was
completely spherical.
Thus, the dispersion of the resin particles was washed according to a
normal method and then filtrated to separate the resin particles from a

dispersion medium, and separated resin particles were dried and classified
to obtain spherical particles'A (coefficient of variation CV 15%).
A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of

HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.), 11.9 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 1.0 part by weight of spherical particles A (refractive index 1.49, average particle size 6.4 um, coefficient of variation CV 15%, acrylic copolymer, crosslinked, ultraviolet absorber- benzotriazole, light stabilizer-' hindered
amine) while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was
applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Example 8 with a coating
bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 1'20°C for one

minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating applied.

solution was

Example 19
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using nonporous silicon oxide (silica) particles (manufactured by FUSO CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., QUARTRON (registered trademark) SP series, SP-3C, refractive index 1.45, volume average particle size 3.0 urn, coefficient of variation CV 16%, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.
Example 20
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied, was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using nonporous silicone particles (manufactured by GE-Toshiba Silicone Co.,

Ltd., Tospearl (registered trademark), Tospearl 145, refractive index 1-42, volume average particle size 4.5 um, coefficient of variation CV 12%, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.

Example 21
A white film, on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied,
was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18 except for using
nonporous polystyrene particles (manufactured by SEKISUI PLASTICS Co.,
Ltd., TECHPOLYMER (registered trademark) SBX series, SBK-8, refractive

index 1.59, volume average particle size 8.0 \im, coefficient of variation CV 37%, styrene copolymer, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) as a spherical particle.
Comparative Example 7
On the polyester film of Comparative Example 3, an evaluation of light resistance and measurement of the brightness were performed without providing an applied layer.
Comparative Example 8 ;
On the polyester film of Comparative Example 3, an evaluation of light resistance and measurement of the brightness were performed without providing an applied layer. ■
Comparative Example 9

A coating solution, formed by adding 10.0 parts by weight of HALSHYBRID (registered trademark) UV-G13 (acrylic copolymer, solution having a concentration of 40%, refractive index 1.49, manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.) and 18.9 parts by weight of toluene while stirring a mixture, was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto

one surface of the polyester film of Comparative Example 4 with a coating
bar No.12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one
minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of only the binder resin was

applied.
Comparative Example 10
Nonporous benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate particles (manufactured by NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., EPOSTAR (registered trademark), EPOSTAR M05, refractive index 1.66, volume average particle size 5.2 \im, coefficient of variation CV 35%, polyamide resin particle, crossliaked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) was used as a spherical particle and this coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of Comparative Example 4 with a coating bar No. 12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied.
Comparative Example 11
Nonporous silica particles (manufactured by FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL Ltd. SYLOPHOBIC 100 (registered trademark), refractive index 1.45, volume average particle size 2.5 um, coefficient of variation CV

49%, polyamide resin particle, crosslinked, without an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer) was used as an amorphous spherical particle and this coating solution was applied onto one surface of the polyester film of
i
Comparative Example 4 with a coating bar No. 12 manufactured by Metava corporation and dried at 120°C for one minute to obtain a white film on which 4.0 g/m2 of the coating solution was applied.

There were effects of improving the brightness (that is, effects of improving the reflectance of a white reflective film itself) in all of Examples 10 to 21.
When comparing properties among Examples 18 to 21, it is found that if the difference in refractive indexes between the binder .resin and the spherical particle is reduced, the brightness is improved.
When comparing properties among Examples 11, 15, 16, and Comparative Example 11, it is found that if the coefficient of variation of the

spherical particle is reduced, the brightness is improved (comparison between Examples 11, 15, 16).
When comparing properties among Examples 10, 11, 13, it is found
that even if the differences in refractive indexes and the coefficients of
variation are the same, the brightness varies depending on the content of
the spherical particle in the applied layer. When comparing properties
between Examples 14 and 15, it is found that even if the differences in
refractive indexes and the coefficients of variation are the same, the
brightness varies depending on the a volume average particle size of the
spherical particles.
Further, when a similar applied layer was provided on a white film, in which an addition amount of the particles in a surface layer was adjusted within a certain range, the brightness was further improved (Example 12).
When the coefficient of variation exceeded 30, improvement in the

brightness was small even though the difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle was 0.10 or less (Examples 16, 17).
When the porous particles were used, or silicone or polystyrene susceptible to yellowing was used, there was an improvement in the brightness, but the light resistance was slightly low (Examples 17, 20, 2l).
When the applied layer was not provided, the light resistance was rejected (Comparative Examples 7, 8). When the spherical particles were not added or when the difference in refractive indexes between the resin binder and the spherical particle was more than 0.10, improvement in the brightness was not observed even though the applied layer was provided

(Comparative Examples 9, 10).

CLAIMS
1. A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, having a
thickness of 200 (xm or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the
white polyester film, M is M 100 (%) when the
wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600
■i nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R-
in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance' (%), %. represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%),
and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing X. =
r
560 into the approximation/formula R (%).
•i
2. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein a gloss level of the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 100% or more.
3. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gloss level of the side (side B) opposite to the side A at an incident angle of 60 degrees is 70% or less.
i
4. A white polyester film for a light reflective plate, wherein the
white polyester film has an applied layer containing spherical particles on
at least one side of the white polyester film according to claim 1 and an
absolute value of a difference in refractive indexes between the spherical

particle and a binder resin constituting the applied layer is 0.10 or less.
5. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to
claim 4, wherein said spherical particle is a nonporous resin particle and a
coefficient of variation CV of a volume average particle size is !30% or less.
f
6. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to
claim 5, wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle isjat least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone resin, and polystyrene resin, acrylic copolymer, polystyrene copolymer, and copolymer of acrylic vinyl monomer and; styrene vinyl monomer.
7. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 6, wherein said spherical particle contains at least an acrylic resin and said acrylic copolymer is composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
8. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 6, wherein said spherical particles are particles having a crosslinking structure.
9. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 4, wherein said spherical particle contains an ultraviolet absorber and/or a light stabilizer.

10. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to
claim 9, wherein said ultraviolet absorber is at least one of ultraviolet
absorbers selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole-based,
benzophenone'based, oxalic anilide-based, cyanoacrylate-based and
i
triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers.
I
11. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to
I claim 9, wherein said light stabilizer is a hindered amine-based light
ii
stabilizer.
12. The white polyester film for a light reflective piate according to claim 4, wherein a resin constituting said spherical particle contains the same monomer components as those of a binder resin constituting said applied layer.
13. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A, and the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and the layer A is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the content of the particles is 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of each layer A.
14. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate according to claim 1, wherein said white film comprises a three-layer constitution of layer A/layer B/layer A', the layer B is a layer containing air bubbles, and

the layer A and/or the layer A' is a layer formed by including inorganic particles and/or organic particles in polyester and the thickness of the layer A is 0.1 to 3 \iia.
15. A lamp reflector for a liquid crystal backlight, wherein the
white reflective film according to claim 1 is provided with the applied layer
face directed to a light source side. i
16. A direct type liquid crystal backlight, wherein the white
reflective film according to claim 1 is provided with the applied layer face
directed to a light source side.

Documents:

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Patent Number

279098

Indian Patent Application Number

2282/CHENP/2009

PG Journal Number

02/2017

Publication Date

13-Jan-2017

Grant Date

11-Jan-2017

Date of Filing

24-Apr-2009

Name of Patentee

TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.

Applicant Address

1-1, NIHONBASHI MUROMACHI, 2-CHOME, CHUO-KU, TOKYO 103-8666

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	FUJII, HIDEKI,	C/O SHINGA PLANT, TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. 1-1, SONOYAMA - 1-CHOME, OTSU-SHI, SHIGA 520-8558
2	TANAKA, KAZUNORI,	C/O SHINGA PLANT, TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. 1-1, SONOYAMA - 1-CHOME, OTSU-SHI, SHIGA 520-8558
3	OKUDA, MASAHIRO	C/O SHINGA PLANT, TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. 1-1, SONOYAMA - 1-CHOME, OTSU-SHI, SHIGA 520-8558

PCT International Classification Number

G02B 5/08

PCT International Application Number

PCT/JP07/70582

PCT International Filing date

2007-10-23

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	2006-292294	2006-10-27	Japan