Title of Invention	AN IMPROVED RUNNING GEAR SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT MOVEMENT OF FREIGHT CARS ON RAIL TRACKS
Abstract	The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load capacity. This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4.

Title of Invention

AN IMPROVED RUNNING GEAR SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT MOVEMENT OF FREIGHT CARS ON RAIL TRACKS

Abstract

The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load capacity. This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4.

Full Text	FIELD OF APPLICATION The present invention relates to an improved running gear system for efficient movement of freight cars (railway wagons) on rail tracks. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the context of a freight car or railway wagon, a running gear system in its simplest form is a roller or its improved version, a pair of wheels and an axle, as shown respectively in Figures 1A and 1B This can be further improved with lubrication between contacts as shown in Figure 1C, bushes and bearing surface between contacts, several types of mechanical, metallic, non metallic ball, cylindrical, taper roller bearings of the most recent products between contacts as shown in Figure 1D. Still more efficient application of provision of suspension of springs of various types of steel, rubber polymer, polyurethane, steel to non metallic composites, with or without bonding, hydraulically, pneumatically and / or mechanically clamped for a ultimate smoothness and comfort of running as in Figure 1E when the system is applied to a mechanical vehicle assembly. -3- As improvements are added the self weight of a wheel increases and the ability to carry load and the speed to move the load decreases. Keeping the above points in view it can be indicated that the most efficient running gear system is the one which is lowest in its self weight but can take up an optimized heaviest load and enable comfortable movement at as high a speed as possible. The most common freight car known at present consists of a container, covered, or open placed over pair of bogie frame (or truck frame in American term) each bogie frame being arranged on a pair of wheelsets, This is illustrated in Figure 2. The load borne by the wheelsets of a freight car or railway wagon is termed as 'axle load'. This load is borne by the track carrying the wheelsets as such or assembled in bogie (truck) frames and the vehicle as shown in Figure 2. -4- From Figure 2 it can be seen that the track reaction i.e. total load on the track is the sum of pay load (called pay load because of its revenue earning capacity), superstructure weight, bogie frame weights and weight of wheelsets. Total load on the track which is also same as the axle load multiplied by the number of axles (4 axles at present), is termed as gross load on rails (track). In Indian Railway the most efficient open box type BOXN wagons meant for carrying coal and iron ore haVE a volume of about 56.29 m3. Details of these wagons are shown in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 3. -5- TABLE 1 No. of Axle 4 Axle Loads 20.321 Empty Vehicle weight 23.1t Pay Loads 58.18 t Gross Load 81.28 t Pay load carrying per axle 14.545 t Wagon height 3233 mm No. of Wagon in a Train 58 Pay load carrying per train(iron ore basis) 3374 t Empty train load 1339.8 t -6- This volume of 56,29 m3 can hold more than 100 t of iron ore loading. This will make the total load on rails 121.72 t which is higher than the axle load capacity of 81.28 t (i.e. 4 x 20.32 t) as may be seen from Table 1. However, the freight carrying capacity of BOXN wagons is limited by axle loads of 20.32 t in most of the regions and in some regions, 22.9 t and 25 t. The latter two axle load limits are on a very small percentage of freight carrying routes on the Indian Railways. Increasing the axle load limits is a marathon task needing enormous amount of funds. Many years of time will be taken to complete such an up-gradation. The wastage and scrapping of existing track materials is another point worth serious consideration. The high axle load freight corridor shall be aiming at very high axle load tracks and vehicles to suit. This project may have a time element of not less than 5 to 7 years to commence, completion of the same for the entire country shall be in terms of decades. -7- There is therefore, a need to address the problem from another angle in a more realistic and cost effective way. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load capacity. This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4. -8- TABLE 2 No. of Axle 6 Axle Loads 20.32 t Empty Vehicle weight 29.5 t Pay Loads 92.42 t Gross Load 121.92 t Pay load carrying per axle 15.40 t Wagon height 3233 mm No. of Wagon in a Train 58 Pay load carrying per train(iron ore basis) 5360 t Empty train load 1711.0 t -9- By increasing the axle loads of 4 wheelsets to that of 6 wheelsets, for nominal increase in the empty train load of 27.7 % only, the revenue earning payload can be increased by 58.86 %. This can be achieved by using the existing superstructure, 6 existing wheelsets, and two 3 axle running gear frames which can be effectively and efficiently designed. Alternatively a highly efficient new design super structure of low weight with 6 existing wheelsets, and two 3-axle running gear frames of the present invention can be effectively and efficiently designed. The 3-axle frame for the efficient running gear system for freight cars of the present invention are illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. -10- Figures 5 and 6 respectively show the 3-axle frame with steel cast elements and with fabricated all welded frame structure elements. With the improved running gear system of the present invention a 58.86 % increase in pay loads per train can be achieved for a nominal 27.72 % increase in the empty train load, while using all existing railway tracks. The pay load carried by the 20.32 t wheelset increases by 6.01 %. This is the best possible improvement in freight carrying capacity increase with the least, investment only by using additional wheelsets and running grear frames arrangement. Time required for upgradation is also the lowest. Table 3 shows some of the improved features of the freight car of the present invention compared to the existing types. -11- TABLE 3 Item Existing Indian Railway 3 AxleBogie Types 3 Axle Bogie of improvedrunning gear of thepresent invention A) Purpose Special wagon for over sizeconsignment of one time or not veryfrequent movements. Can apply on all regularfreight wagons to carryregular commodities. B) Axle Load 22.6 t max.20.3 t or 16 t mostly. Can cater for 25 t, 30 t AxleLoads also when desired. C) Bearings plain journal type or cylindrical rollerbearing boxes needing very frequentlubrication and maintenanceattention. Cartridge taper roller bearingsof long life; lubricationrequirement and maintenancerequirement only after verylong service. D) Suspension(fabricated frames) Primary single stage suspension withno damping. Primary two stage soft -empty, tough-loaded withfriction damping. E) Suspension No primary suspension single stage Suitable primary suspension. -12- (cast steel frames) secondary suspension no damping Secondary two stage soft -empty, tough - loaded withfriction damping. F) Construction Fabrication single frame, momentsof vertical load not in equilibrium. Fabricated singe frame,moments of vertical load inequilibrium. G) Construction In cast steel type bolster is built upof 5 pieces of 3 types of castings.No damping. In cast steel type bolstersingle piece with frictiondamping. H) Speeds Low speed up to 45 Km / hr approx. Higher speeds up to 75 Km /hr approx. The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load capacity. This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4.

Full Text

FIELD OF APPLICATION
The present invention relates to an improved running gear system for efficient
movement of freight cars (railway wagons) on rail tracks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the context of a freight car or railway wagon, a running gear system in its
simplest form is a roller or its improved version, a pair of wheels and an axle, as
shown respectively in Figures 1A and 1B This can be further improved with
lubrication between contacts as shown in Figure 1C, bushes and bearing surface
between contacts, several types of mechanical, metallic, non metallic ball,
cylindrical, taper roller bearings of the most recent products between contacts as
shown in Figure 1D. Still more efficient application of provision of suspension of
springs of various types of steel, rubber polymer, polyurethane, steel to non
metallic composites, with or without bonding, hydraulically, pneumatically and /
or mechanically clamped for a ultimate smoothness and comfort of running as in
Figure 1E when the system is applied to a mechanical vehicle assembly.

-3-
As improvements are added the self weight of a wheel increases and the ability
to carry load and the speed to move the load decreases. Keeping the above
points in view it can be indicated that the most efficient running gear system is
the one which is lowest in its self weight but can take up an optimized heaviest
load and enable comfortable movement at as high a speed as possible.
The most common freight car known at present consists of a container, covered,
or open placed over pair of bogie frame (or truck frame in American term) each
bogie frame being arranged on a pair of wheelsets, This is illustrated in Figure
2.
The load borne by the wheelsets of a freight car or railway wagon is termed as
'axle load'. This load is borne by the track carrying the wheelsets as such or
assembled in bogie (truck) frames and the vehicle as shown in Figure 2.

-4-
From Figure 2 it can be seen that the track reaction i.e. total load on the track is
the sum of pay load (called pay load because of its revenue earning capacity),
superstructure weight, bogie frame weights and weight of wheelsets.
Total load on the track which is also same as the axle load multiplied by the
number of axles (4 axles at present), is termed as gross load on rails (track).
In Indian Railway the most efficient open box type BOXN wagons meant for
carrying coal and iron ore haVE a volume of about 56.29 m3. Details of these
wagons are shown in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 3.

-5-
TABLE 1

No. of Axle 4
Axle Loads 20.321
Empty Vehicle weight 23.1t
Pay Loads 58.18 t
Gross Load 81.28 t
Pay load carrying per axle 14.545 t
Wagon height 3233 mm
No. of Wagon in a Train 58
Pay load carrying per train(iron ore basis) 3374 t
Empty train load 1339.8 t

-6-
This volume of 56,29 m3 can hold more than 100 t of iron ore loading. This will
make the total load on rails 121.72 t which is higher than the axle load capacity
of 81.28 t (i.e. 4 x 20.32 t) as may be seen from Table 1.
However, the freight carrying capacity of BOXN wagons is limited by axle loads
of 20.32 t in most of the regions and in some regions, 22.9 t and 25 t. The latter
two axle load limits are on a very small percentage of freight carrying routes on
the Indian Railways.
Increasing the axle load limits is a marathon task needing enormous amount of
funds. Many years of time will be taken to complete such an up-gradation. The
wastage and scrapping of existing track materials is another point worth serious
consideration.
The high axle load freight corridor shall be aiming at very high axle load tracks
and vehicles to suit. This project may have a time element of not less than 5 to
7 years to commence, completion of the same for the entire country shall be in
terms of decades.

-7-
There is therefore, a need to address the problem from another angle in a more
realistic and cost effective way.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently
and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load
capacity.
This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two
more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such
an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4.

-8-
TABLE 2

No. of Axle 6
Axle Loads 20.32 t
Empty Vehicle weight 29.5 t
Pay Loads 92.42 t
Gross Load 121.92 t
Pay load carrying per axle 15.40 t
Wagon height 3233 mm
No. of Wagon in a Train 58
Pay load carrying per train(iron ore basis) 5360 t
Empty train load 1711.0 t

-9-
By increasing the axle loads of 4 wheelsets to that of 6 wheelsets, for nominal
increase in the empty train load of 27.7 % only, the revenue earning payload can
be increased by 58.86 %.
This can be achieved by using the existing superstructure, 6 existing wheelsets,
and two 3 axle running gear frames which can be effectively and efficiently
designed.
Alternatively a highly efficient new design super structure of low weight with 6
existing wheelsets, and two 3-axle running gear frames of the present invention
can be effectively and efficiently designed.
The 3-axle frame for the efficient running gear system for freight cars of the
present invention are illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.

-10-
Figures 5 and 6 respectively show the 3-axle frame with steel cast elements and
with fabricated all welded frame structure elements.
With the improved running gear system of the present invention a 58.86 %
increase in pay loads per train can be achieved for a nominal 27.72 % increase
in the empty train load, while using all existing railway tracks. The pay load
carried by the 20.32 t wheelset increases by 6.01 %. This is the best possible
improvement in freight carrying capacity increase with the least, investment only
by using additional wheelsets and running grear frames arrangement. Time
required for upgradation is also the lowest.
Table 3 shows some of the improved features of the freight car of the present
invention compared to the existing types.

-11-
TABLE 3

Item Existing Indian Railway 3 AxleBogie Types 3 Axle Bogie of improvedrunning gear of thepresent invention
A) Purpose Special wagon for over sizeconsignment of one time or not veryfrequent movements. Can apply on all regularfreight wagons to carryregular commodities.
B) Axle Load 22.6 t max.20.3 t or 16 t mostly. Can cater for 25 t, 30 t AxleLoads also when desired.
C) Bearings plain journal type or cylindrical rollerbearing boxes needing very frequentlubrication and maintenanceattention. Cartridge taper roller bearingsof long life; lubricationrequirement and maintenancerequirement only after verylong service.
D) Suspension(fabricated frames) Primary single stage suspension withno damping. Primary two stage soft -empty, tough-loaded withfriction damping.
E) Suspension No primary suspension single stage Suitable primary suspension.

-12-

(cast steel frames) secondary suspension no damping Secondary two stage soft -empty, tough - loaded withfriction damping.
F) Construction Fabrication single frame, momentsof vertical load not in equilibrium. Fabricated singe frame,moments of vertical load inequilibrium.
G) Construction In cast steel type bolster is built upof 5 pieces of 3 types of castings.No damping. In cast steel type bolstersingle piece with frictiondamping.
H) Speeds Low speed up to 45 Km / hr approx. Higher speeds up to 75 Km /hr approx.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved efficiently
and effectively designed freight car or railway wagon for improving the axle load
capacity.
This and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by iadding two
more wheelsets, if using six wheelsets in place of four wheelsets. Details of such
an improved design are given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 4.

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Patent Number

279791

Indian Patent Application Number

562/KOL/2007

PG Journal Number

05/2017

Publication Date

03-Feb-2017

Grant Date

31-Jan-2017

Date of Filing

09-Apr-2007

Name of Patentee

BESCO ENGINEERING & SERVICES (PVT.) LTD.

Applicant Address

"KRISHNA BUILDING", ROOM NO. 914, 9TH FLOOR, 224, A.J.C. BOSE ROAD, KOLKATA

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	TANTIA, OM PRAKASH	BESCO ENGINEERING & SERVICES (PVT.) LTD. "KRISHNA BUILDING", ROOM NO. 914, 9TH FLOOR, 224, A.J.C. BOSE ROAD, KOLKATA-700 017

PCT International Classification Number

C02F1/62

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA