Title of Invention	"A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER"
Abstract	This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a slow release fertilizer comprising of mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding materials, grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing the same, drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form, coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and +1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials.

Title of Invention

"A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER"

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a slow release fertilizer comprising of mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding materials, grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing the same, drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form, coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and +1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials.

Full Text	FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to a process for the preparation of slow release fertiliser for banana, sugarcane, coconut and paddy. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Most of the high analysis fertilisers that are normally used by the farmers are highly water soluble and release the nutrients spontaneously. Because of this fact, a sizeable portion of the nutrients are lost by the various mechanisms operating in the soil resulting in low nutrient use efficiency. For an efficient fertiliser technology, aim is to be focussed towards increasing the nutrient use efficiency rather enhancing the quantity of application of costly fertilisers. Nitrogen is more subjected to loss and its efficiency is only around 30-50% depending on the nature of the land (soil). OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to propose an improved process for producing slow release fertiliser. Another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertiliser having a high performance and grain yield. Still another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which exhibits a slow and steady release of nitrogen. Yet another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which left more available P. A further object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which enhanced the grain weight. DESPRIPTION OF INVENTION According to this invention there is provided a process for the preparation of a slow release fertilizer comprising of: i) mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding materials, ii) grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing the same, v) drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form, vi) coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and +1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials. The slow release fertilizer formulation of the present invention was compared with the standard practice in all the field The SRF formulation could have prolonged 'N' availability in the initial stages analogous to other formulations due to its linear solubility. Hence the performance of this SRF formulations was superior to straight fertilisers and other formulations. In order to find out the nature of release of nutrients to soil in the critical stages of rice growth, the available N, and K in the soil were estimated during tillering, panicle initiation, flowering and harvesting stages. In the case of SRF, the increase in N status confirmed up to panicle initiation With slight decline thereafter. This indicates the slow and steady release of N element required which is considered as the first and foremost for crop growth. The release of N in SRF was considerable only around 20 DAI which decreased gradually and not abruptly with duration. In the post harvest soil samples, the available P status for straight and formulation of SRF were comparable, but SRF formulation left more available P. An initial non-significant rise in K status at tillering declined thereafter maintaining more or less constantly for all the experimental trials. Among the three major nutrients, K is always in dynamic equillibrium with different forms and as the available K starts depleting, it is automatically replenished from the reserves, therefore the added fertiliser at the levels of standard addition might not have any chance to alter the K status. The weight of grain is an indicator of productivity and is proportional to the health of plants. NPK application was found to enhance the grain weight when applied in the form of SRF. Any attempt to enhance the tillering may lead to increased grain. THEJ SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FORMULATION IS PREPARED AS FOLLOWS The materiajl like FACTAMPHOS 20:20, having a -4 mm and +1 mm size, as manufactured by FACT, is coated with coating materials like bitumen, neem oil, trineem, wax etc. dissolved in kerosene oi 1, benzene or other suitable solvents. The additional N and K are supplied by appropriate fertiliser materials seperately. Example: FACTAMPHOS 20:20 Mesh size : - 4 mm , + 1 mm. Quantity : 7 to 8 Kgs. Bitumen etc. : 75to200 gms. Solvent : 100 to 200 ml. The FACTAMPHOS as shown above is taken in the pan-coater and it i .1 coated with the bitumen solution in kerosene oil. Hot air is blown during coating. This coated material is cooled. SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FOR SUGARCANE The nutrient uptake was estimated at grand growth and harvest stages green tops and in different parts of the plant including stem, trash. Enhancement in the uptake of N in stem, green top and trash of sugarcane due to application of SRFs was to a highly significant extent. Internode p.s an indirect measure of the growth of canes. The SFR in the form of tablet showed a higher magnitude of influence than mixture and straight fertiliser. Substantial improvement in yield has been realised with SRFs in the form of tablets over the conventional application of straight fertilisers. The positive effect of one of the constituents of; the formulation, which maintains a low pH, thereby reducing the Urease activity and as a consequence, a slow and steady release of N for a longer period is expected. PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR SUGARCANE Phospho-Gypsum-Urea adduct, clay, FACTAMFOS 20:20 were ground in a pulveriser and materials 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve were mixed with Ammonium Sulphate, Rockphosphate and Muriate of Potash in a paddle mixer. The mixed material is dried at 60 degree required size a C. and tabletised using a tableting machine to nd weight. Example: (Table Removed) SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FOR BANANA BANANA cultivation occupies a significant acreage in i Tamilnadu. Apart from its utility as a fruit, banana is consumed as a vegetable, chips etc. According to Fertiliser Statistics 1996-97, banana occupies about 4 lakh ha. on all India basis with i a production of1O-18 million tonnes. The formulation prepared as tablet was found to be superior to the mixtures and straight fertiliser. The particular formulation has given an additional yield of 5 tonnes/ha over standard practice followed in the State. Slow relealse fertiliser tablets is ideal for long duration crops like sugarcane, banana and coconut. PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR BANANA Phospho-Gypsum-Urea adduct, clay and FACTAMPHOS 20:20 were ground in a pulverisor and 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve are mixed in a paddle; mixer with Ammonium Sulphate, Rockphosphate and Muriate of Potash The mixture is dried at 60 degree C. for one hour then subjected to tableting using a tableting machine. Example,.: (Table Removed) The termS and expressions in the specification are of descriptive nature and are no limitation, there being no intention in the; use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents or the features exemplified and described but it is understood that various other modes of carrying out the process herein are possible without departing from the scope and ambit of this invention, METHODS OF PREPARATION OF PHOSPHO-GYPSUM-UREA ADDUCT It contains 27% nitrogen. This is an adduct prepared from Urea and a solid waste product, Phosphogypsum (obtained from the Phosphoric acid plant of FACT). This is a slow release nitrogen fertiliser. In combination with other Phosphatic and Potassic materials, the product exhibits slow release property thereby resulting in increased yield of crops. Wet Phosphogypsum is mixed with requisite quantity of water in a paddle mixer The required quantity of Urea is added to the mixer. The contents are heated to form a uniform melt and cooled. The product is dried and stored. Example: Urea : 1440 gm, Phosphogypsum : 1360 gm. The above quantities of materials are taken in a paddle provided with heating arrangement. The contents are heated to melt with constant stirring and then it is cooled. Excess moisture is removed by drying the mix. The N-content of the product is 27%. The product is greyish in colour. _FORMULATION FOR COCONUT Coconut palms are one of the main long duration crop of Kerala State and the yield from coconut palms are one of the major source of income. The availability of fertiliser nutrients have a major role in the growth characteristics of the coconut palm. Evaluation studies were conducted on coconut seedlings. The availability of various nutrients from the particular formulation were observed from the growth rate of the seedlings. The number of leaves, girth of seedlings were observed among the various growing seedlings. It was seen that the number of leaves, and girth size were higher in the case of the use of slow release formulation tablets and was superior to other mixtures and straight fertilisers. A polymerisation product of urea and formaldehyde was mixed with other nitrbgeneous, phosphatic and potassic materials alongwith binding agents like clay, gypsum, wax and neem cake etc. and mixing and blending all the ingredients drying the mixture and feedin'g to the tableting machine. PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR COCONUT FACTAMPHOS 20:20, Clay, Urea formaldehyde were ground using a pulveriser and 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve, is mixed with ammonium sulphate,rock phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum and mixed thoroughly using a paddle mixer. The mixture was dried at 60 degree C. and it is fed through a tableting machine to get tablets of required size and weight. ExampIe: FACTAMPHOS 20:20 Urea-formaldehyde Polymer Ammonium Sulphate Rock Phosphate Muriate of Potash ClayGypsum Tablet size Weight of tablet 1000 - 1750 gm. 500 - 600 gm. 2000 - 3000 gm. 600 - 700 gm. 3000 - 3500 gm. 500 - 700 gm. 400 - 550 gm. 15 - 40 mm. 5 - 30 am. WE CLAIM; 1 . A process for the preparation of a slow release synergetic fertilizer comprising of: i) mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding materials, ii) grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing the same, iii) drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form, iv) coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and + 1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binding/ inhibiting agent is a material such as bitumen, neem oil, trineem, kerosene oil. 3. A process for the preparation of slow release synergetic fertilisers substantially as herein described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the examples.

Full Text

FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of slow
release fertiliser for banana, sugarcane, coconut and paddy.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Most of the high analysis fertilisers that are normally used by the farmers are highly water soluble and release the nutrients spontaneously. Because of this fact, a sizeable portion of the nutrients are lost by the various mechanisms operating in the soil resulting in low nutrient use efficiency. For an efficient fertiliser technology, aim is to be focussed towards increasing the nutrient use efficiency rather enhancing the quantity of application of costly fertilisers. Nitrogen is more subjected to loss and its efficiency is only around 30-50% depending on the nature of the land (soil).
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to propose an improved process
for producing slow release fertiliser.
Another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertiliser having a high performance and grain yield.
Still another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which exhibits a slow and steady release of nitrogen.
Yet another object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which left more available P.
A further object of this invention is to propose a process for producing slow release fertilizer which enhanced the grain weight.
DESPRIPTION OF INVENTION
According to this invention there is provided a process for the
preparation of a slow release fertilizer comprising of:
i) mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding materials,
ii) grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing the same,
v) drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form,
vi) coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and +1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials.
The slow release fertilizer formulation of the present invention was compared with the standard practice in all the field
The SRF formulation could have prolonged 'N' availability in
the initial stages analogous to other formulations due to its

linear solubility. Hence the performance of this SRF formulations was superior to straight fertilisers and other formulations.
In order to find out the nature of release of nutrients to
soil in the critical stages of rice growth, the available N,

and K in the soil were estimated during tillering, panicle
initiation, flowering and harvesting stages. In the case of SRF,
the increase in N status confirmed up to panicle initiation With
slight decline thereafter. This indicates the slow and steady

release of N
element required

which is considered as the first and foremost for crop growth. The release of N in SRF was

considerable only around 20 DAI which decreased gradually and not abruptly with duration.

In the post harvest soil samples, the available P status for

straight and formulation of SRF were comparable, but SRF
formulation left more available P.

An initial non-significant rise in K status at tillering declined thereafter maintaining more or less constantly for all the experimental trials. Among the three major nutrients, K is
always in dynamic equillibrium with different forms and as the available K starts depleting, it is automatically replenished
from the reserves, therefore the added fertiliser at the levels
of standard addition might not have any chance to alter the K
status.
The weight of grain is an indicator of productivity and is

proportional to

the health of plants. NPK application was found

to enhance the grain weight when applied in the form of SRF. Any attempt to enhance the tillering may lead to increased grain.
THEJ SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FORMULATION IS PREPARED AS FOLLOWS
The materiajl like FACTAMPHOS 20:20, having a -4 mm and +1 mm size, as manufactured by FACT, is coated with coating materials like bitumen, neem oil, trineem, wax etc. dissolved in kerosene

oi 1, benzene or

other suitable solvents. The additional N and K

are supplied by appropriate fertiliser materials seperately.
Example:
FACTAMPHOS 20:20
Mesh size : - 4 mm , + 1 mm.
Quantity : 7 to 8 Kgs.
Bitumen etc. : 75to200 gms.
Solvent : 100 to 200 ml.
The FACTAMPHOS as shown above is taken in the pan-coater and it i .1 coated with the bitumen solution in kerosene oil. Hot air is blown during coating. This coated material is cooled.
SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FOR SUGARCANE The nutrient uptake was estimated at grand growth and
harvest stages green tops and in different parts of the plant including stem, trash.
Enhancement in the uptake of N in stem, green top and trash of sugarcane due to application of SRFs was to a highly
significant extent.
Internode p.s an indirect measure of the growth of canes. The SFR in the form of tablet showed a higher magnitude of influence than mixture and straight fertiliser.
Substantial improvement in yield has been realised with SRFs

in the form of tablets over the conventional application of straight fertilisers. The positive effect of one of the constituents of; the formulation, which maintains a low pH, thereby reducing the Urease activity and as a consequence, a slow and steady release of N for a longer period is expected.
PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR SUGARCANE
Phospho-Gypsum-Urea adduct, clay, FACTAMFOS 20:20 were ground in a pulveriser and materials 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve were mixed with Ammonium Sulphate, Rockphosphate and Muriate of Potash in a paddle mixer. The mixed material is dried

at 60 degree required size a

C. and tabletised using a tableting machine to nd weight.

Example:
(Table Removed)

SLOW RELEASE FERTILISER FOR BANANA BANANA cultivation occupies a significant acreage in
i
Tamilnadu. Apart from its utility as a fruit, banana is consumed
as a vegetable, chips etc. According to Fertiliser Statistics 1996-97, banana occupies about 4 lakh ha. on all India basis with
i
a production of1O-18 million tonnes.

The formulation prepared as tablet was found to be superior to the mixtures and straight fertiliser. The particular formulation has given an additional yield of 5 tonnes/ha over standard practice followed in the State.
Slow relealse fertiliser tablets is ideal for long duration crops like sugarcane, banana and coconut.
PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR BANANA

Phospho-Gypsum-Urea adduct, clay and FACTAMPHOS 20:20 were
ground in a pulverisor and 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve are

mixed in a paddle; mixer with Ammonium Sulphate, Rockphosphate and

Muriate of Potash The mixture is dried at 60 degree C. for one hour then subjected to tableting using a tableting machine.
Example,.:
(Table Removed)
The termS and expressions in the specification are of
descriptive nature and are no limitation, there being no
intention in the; use of such terms and expressions of
excluding
any equivalents or the features exemplified and described but it is understood that various other modes of carrying out the process herein are possible without departing from the scope and ambit of this invention,
METHODS OF PREPARATION OF PHOSPHO-GYPSUM-UREA ADDUCT
It contains 27% nitrogen. This is an adduct prepared from Urea and a solid waste product, Phosphogypsum (obtained from the Phosphoric acid plant of FACT). This is a slow release nitrogen fertiliser. In combination with other Phosphatic and Potassic materials, the product exhibits slow release property thereby resulting in increased yield of crops.
Wet Phosphogypsum is mixed with requisite quantity of water in a paddle mixer The required quantity of Urea is added to the

mixer. The contents are heated to form a uniform melt and cooled. The product is dried and stored.
Example:
Urea : 1440 gm,
Phosphogypsum : 1360 gm.
The above quantities of materials are taken in a paddle provided with heating arrangement. The contents are heated
to melt with constant stirring and then it is cooled. Excess moisture is removed by drying the mix. The N-content of the product is 27%. The product is greyish in colour.
_FORMULATION FOR COCONUT
Coconut palms are one of the main long duration crop of Kerala State and the yield from coconut palms are one of the major source of income.
The availability of fertiliser nutrients have a major role in the growth characteristics of the coconut palm. Evaluation studies were conducted on coconut seedlings. The availability of
various nutrients from the particular formulation were observed

from the growth rate of the seedlings.
The number of leaves, girth of seedlings were observed among
the various growing seedlings. It was seen that the number of
leaves, and girth size were higher in the case of the use of slow release formulation tablets and was superior to other mixtures and straight fertilisers.
A polymerisation product of urea and formaldehyde was mixed
with other nitrbgeneous, phosphatic and potassic materials
alongwith binding agents like clay, gypsum, wax and neem cake

etc. and mixing and blending all the ingredients drying the mixture and feedin'g to the tableting machine.
PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION FOR COCONUT FACTAMPHOS 20:20, Clay, Urea formaldehyde were ground using

a pulveriser and 100% passing through 1 mm. sieve, is mixed with ammonium sulphate,rock phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum

and mixed thoroughly using a paddle mixer. The mixture was dried at 60 degree C. and it is fed through a tableting machine to get tablets of required size and weight.
ExampIe:

FACTAMPHOS 20:20
Urea-formaldehyde Polymer
Ammonium Sulphate
Rock Phosphate
Muriate of Potash
ClayGypsum
Tablet size Weight of tablet

1000 - 1750 gm.
500 - 600 gm.
2000 - 3000 gm.
600 - 700 gm.
3000 - 3500 gm.
500 - 700 gm.
400 - 550 gm.
15 - 40 mm. 5 - 30 am.

WE CLAIM;
1 . A process for the preparation of a slow release synergetic fertilizer
comprising of: i) mixing of phospho gypsum urea with NPK fertiliser and binding
materials, ii) grinding the mixture and sieving the same and thoroughly mixing
the same,
iii) drying the mixture and feeding the resultant into a tableting machine for producing the said fertiliser in the desired size and form,
iv) coating the NP fertiliser granules having a mesh size of -4 mm and + 1 mm with coating materials such as bitumen dissolved in a solvent such as kerosene in a coating pan-coater with hot air, additional N and K being seperately supplied fertiliser materials.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binding/ inhibiting
agent is a material such as bitumen, neem oil, trineem, kerosene
oil.
3. A process for the preparation of slow release synergetic fertilisers
substantially as herein described with reference to, and as
illustrated by, the examples.

Documents:

261-del-2001-abstract.pdf

261-del-2001-claims.pdf

261-del-2001-correspondence-others.pdf

261-del-2001-correspondence-po.pdf

261-del-2001-description (complete).pdf

261-del-2001-form-1.pdf

261-del-2001-form-18.pdf

261-del-2001-form-2.pdf

261-del-2001-form-3.pdf

261-del-2001-gpa.pdf

261-del-2001-petition-138.pdf

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Patent Number

231021

Indian Patent Application Number

261/DEL/2001

PG Journal Number

13/2009

Publication Date

27-Mar-2009

Grant Date

28-Feb-2009

Date of Filing

07-Mar-2001

Name of Patentee

NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

Applicant Address

20-22 ZAMROODPUR COMMUNITY CENTRE, KAILASH COLONY EXTENSION, NEW DELHI-110 048, INDIA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	BHATTACHARYA ALOK	C/O THE FERTILISERS AND CHEMICALS TRAVANCORE LIMITED, UDYOGAMANDAL-683 501, COCHIN INDIA.

PCT International Classification Number

C05C 9/00

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA