Title of Invention	"GAS DISCHARGE DEVICE FOR A CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE"
Abstract	A device is provided for discharging two gases from a vehicle to ambient air, one gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The device includes an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet connected with a first gas source, a second inlet connected with a second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber, the two inlets being fluidly communicable with the chamber such that the two gases flow into the chamber. The body combines the two gases within the mixing chamber to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a lesser, second magnitude and to discharge the combined gas to ambient air. Preferably, the body includes an outer tubular member having the first inlet and the outlet and an inner tubular member disposed within the outer member and including the second inlet and a plurality of ports.

Title of Invention

"GAS DISCHARGE DEVICE FOR A CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE"

Abstract

A device is provided for discharging two gases from a vehicle to ambient air, one gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The device includes an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet connected with a first gas source, a second inlet connected with a second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber, the two inlets being fluidly communicable with the chamber such that the two gases flow into the chamber. The body combines the two gases within the mixing chamber to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a lesser, second magnitude and to discharge the combined gas to ambient air. Preferably, the body includes an outer tubular member having the first inlet and the outlet and an inner tubular member disposed within the outer member and including the second inlet and a plurality of ports.

Full Text	TITLE OF THE INVENTION 3as Discharge Device for a Construction Vehicle BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to construction vehicles, and more particularly to devices for discharging gases from construction vehicles. Construction vehicles, such as paving vehicles, are generally known and typically include an internal combustion engine for powering a drive system. Generally, an exhaust system is provided which includes one or more flow lines, typically pipes, and an exhaust stack located at an appropriate location on the vehicle body such that the exhaust gas flows from the engine through the pipes and out the exhaust stack. Certain exhaust systems include a muffler device disposed within the flow lines to decrease the magnitude or level of pressure pulsation level in the exhaust gas flow so as to reduce the level of sound (i.e., noise) generated by the gas discharged from the exhaust stack. In addition, certain paving vehicles include a system for removing fumes from the vehicle. A fume removal or "evacuation" system typically includes one or more flow lines (e.g., hoses or pipes) extending from an area(s) within or near the vehicle at which fumes from paving material tend to accumulate to a discharge pipe at an appropriate location on the vehicle. One location where fumes accumulate is the space beneath the vehicle frame where a transfer conveyor deposits material forwardly of a spreading auger. If the fumes were allowed to accumulate within this particular area, a person(s) operating the vehicle screed may be discomforted by breathing such fumes. As such, the evacuation system removes the fumes from such areas within or near the vehicle and discharges the fumes from another location where contact with the vehicle operator(s) is avoided. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, the present invention is a gas discharge device for discharging first and second gases from a paving vehicle to ambient air. The first gas flows from a first gas source and the second gas flows from a second gas source, the second gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet fluidly connectable with the first gas source, a second inlet fluidly connectable with the second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber. The first and second inlets are each fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber such that the first and second gases flow into the chamber when the first inlet is connected with the first gas source and the second inlet is connected with the second gas source. The body is configured to combine the first and second gases within the mixing chamber so as to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a second magnitude substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude and to discharge the combined gas through the outlet to ambient air. In another aspect, the present invention is also a gas discharge device for discharging first and second gases from within a vehicle to ambient air, the second gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises a first tubular member having an inner surface bounding an interior space, an inlet fluidly connectable with a source of the first gas and an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air. A second tubular member is disposed at least partially within the first member interior space and has an inner surface bounding an interior chamber, an inlet extending into the chamber and fluidly connectable with a source of the second gas. The second member also includes an outer surface spaced from and facing generally toward the inner surface of the first member such that the first member inner surface and the second member outer surface define a mixing chamber, and a plurality of ports. Each port extends between the second member inner and outer surfaces so as to fluidly connect the interior chamber and the mixing chamber. As such, when the first gas flows through the first member inlet and the second gas flows through the second member inlet, the two gases combine within the mixing chamber and flow out of the first member outlet as a combined gas. The combined gas has pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude. In a further aspect, the present invention is a gas discharge device for discharging paving material fumes and engine exhaust gases from a paving vehicle to ambient air. The vehicle has an engine and a fume removal system, the exhaust gases having a pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises a first tubular member having an inner surface bounding an interior space, an inlet fluidly connectable with the fume removal system and an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air. A second tubular member is disposed at least partially within the first member, the second member having an inner surface bounding an interior chamber, an inlet extending into the interior chamber and fluidly connectable with the engine, an outer surface disposed concentrically within the outer surface of the first tubular member. As such, the first member inner surface and the second member outer surface define an annular mixing chamber. The second member further includes a plurality of ports, each port extending between the inner and outer surfaces of the second member and establishing fluid communication between the second member interior chamber and the mixing chamber such that the exhaust gas flows into the mixing chamber and combines with the fumes to form a combined gas. The combined gas flows through the first member inlet to ambient air and has pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing summary, as well as the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings, which are diagrammatic, embodiments that are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a paver having the gas discharge device of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the gas discharge device shown connected with both a material fume evacuation system and an engine exhaust line; Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the gas discharge system shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged, partly broken-away side elevational view of the gas discharge device; Fig. 5 is a greatly enlarged, broken-away view of the gas discharge device, depicting the flow and mixing of two gases within the device; and Fig. 6 is a view through line 6-6 of Fig. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words "upper", "upwardly" and "lower", "downward", "downwardly" refer to opposing directions within a drawing to which reference is made. The words "inner" "inwardly" and "outer", "outwardly" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a designated inner surface or designated center of a discharge device or a component thereof, the particular meaning intended being readily apparent from the context of the description. *f%f jpe terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words or similar import. Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numbers are used to indicate like elements throughout, there is shown in Figs. 1-6 a presently preferred embodiment of a gas discharge device 10 for discharging first and second gases GI, Ga or gas flows FI, Fa, respectively, from a vehicle 1 to ambient air A. The first gas GI flows from a first gas source Si and the second gas Ga flows from a second gas source 82 having pressure pulsation of (or at) a first, relatively substantial level or magnitude. The discharge device 10 basically comprises an elongated body 12 connectable with the vehicle 1 and including a first inlet 18 fluidly connectable with the first gas source Si, a second inlet 20 fluidly connectable with the second gas source Sa and an outlet 22 fluidly communicable with ambient air A (i.e., about the vehicle 1). The body 12 also has an interior mixing chamber 24, the respective first and second inlets 18, 20 each being fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber 24, such that the first and second gases GI, Ga, respectively, flow into the mixing chamber 24 when the first inlet 18 is connected with the first gas source Si and the second inlet 20 is connected with the second gas source Sa- Further, the body 12 is configured to mix or combine the first and second gases GI, Ga, respectively, within the mixing chamber 24 so as to form a combined gas GI+ Ga or "Gc" having pressure pulsation of (or at) a second magnitude/level and to discharge the combined gas GC through the outlet 22 to ambient air A. The second pulsation magnitude, which may be about zero such that the combined gas GC has a generally constant pressure, is substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude. As such, the sound level generated by discharge of the combined gas GC to ambient A is substantially lesser than the sound level that would be generated if the second gas Ga was discharged directly from the second gas source Sa to ambient air A. It must be noted that the term "combined" as used herein to describe the combined gas GC is intended to mean a physical mixture of the two gases GI and Ga without any chemical reaction between the gases GI, Ga, including both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures thereof. Preferably, the body 12 is formed of or includes a first tubular portion or member 14 and a second tubular portion/member 16 disposed at least partially within the first member 12 such that the mixing chamber 24 is defined between the two tubular portions/members 14 and 16. Each of the two tubular members or portions 14 and 16 has a central longitudinal axis 14a, 16a, respectively, which are preferably generally collinear (see, e.g., Fig. 4). The first or ^ffuter" tubular member 14 preferably has an inner circumferential surface 26 bounding an interior space 23 and includes the first inlet 18 and the outlet 22. The second or "inner" tubular member 16 has an inner surface 30 bounding an interior "transition" chamber 32 and includes the second inlet 20, which extends into the transition chamber 32, and an outer circumferential surface 34. The second member outer circumferential surface 34 is spaced (i.e., radially-inwardly) from and faces generally toward the first member inner circumferential surface 26, such that first member inner surface 26 and the second member outer surface 34 bound an outer circumferential portion of the interior space 23, which provides the mixing chamber 24. Most preferably, the outer circumferential surface 34 of the second member 16 is disposed generally concentrically within the inner circumferential surface 26 of the first tubular member 14, such that the mixing chamber 24 is generally annular and extends completely circumferentially about the inner tubular member 16 (and thus about the transition chamber 32). Further, the second, inner tubular member 16 has a plurality of "injection" ports 36, each port 36 extending radially between the inner and outer surfaces 30, 34, respectively, of the second member 16. Each one of the ports 36 establishes fluid communication between the interior transition chamber 32 and the mixing chamber 24, such that the second gas flow Fa passes through the ports 36 and combines with the first gas flow FI within the mixing chamber 24. Preferably, the vehicle 1 includes a fume removal system 2 configured to evacuate paving material fumes from location(s) within the vehicle 1 and/or proximal to the vehicle 1, the removal system 2 providing the first gas source Si and generating the first gas flow FI. Further, the vehicle 1 also includes an engine 3 having an exhaust flow line 3 a providing the second gas source S2 and generating the second gas flow F2. Thus, the first gas Gj and gas flow FI preferably includes paving material fumes mixed with air and the second gas Ga/gas flow F2 preferably includes or comprises exhaust gas(es) from the engine 3. As discussed in further detail below, the gas discharge device 10 provides such a vehicle 1 with the benefits of reducing the number of exhaust pipes or stacks on the vehicle 1 and of reducing the sound level that would otherwise be generated by the engine exhaust gas flow p2. Preferably, the first gas Gj flows through the first inlet 18 generally at a first temperature TI and the second gas Ga flows through the second inlet 20 generally at a second temperature T2 that is substantially greater than the first temperature Tj. As such, the combined gas Gc flows from the discharge device 10 to ambient air A generally at a third temperature T3 that is substantially lesser than the second gas flow temperature Ta, thereby reducing the thermal prergy output that would occur if the second, exhaust gas 62 was discharged directly to ambient air A. Each of the above-discussed basic elements of the gas discharge device 10 is described in further detail below. Referring particularly to Fig. 1, as discussed above, the gas discharge device 10 is preferably used with a construction vehicle 1 and most preferably with a paving vehicle 1. Alternatively, the discharge device 10 may be used with any other type of construction vehicle 10, such as compacting vehicles, loader vehicles, excavators or mobile drilling machines, or even other vehicles that may benefit from the device 10, for example agricultural tractors (none shown). The preferred paving vehicle 1 includes a tractor 4 and a screed 5 towed from the rear end 4b 6f the tractor 4. The tractor 4 includes a body or frame 6, a hopper 7 disposed at the tractor front end 4a and an auger 8 connected with the rear end 4b of the tractor 4. Further, a conveyor (not shown) transports paving material M from the hopper 7 to the rear end 4b of the tractor 4, where the material M falls from the conveyor and deposits onto the ground or base surface BS and is spread by the auger 8 so as to accumulate in a material head MH forwardly of the screed 5. With this arrangement, fumes Gf from the paving material M, particularly with asphalt but also potentially from materials such as superpave, concrete or quickrete, tend to accumulate within the frame 6 at the rear end 4b of the tractor 4. In addition, the material fumes Gf may also accumulate within the hopper 7. Referring to Figs. 1-3, the fume removal or evacuation system 2 is configured to remove such material fumes Gf and preferably includes a gas pump 39, preferably a fan or blower 40, and first and second line portions 42,44, respectively, connected with the blower 40. The first line portion 42 has an inlet 46 disposed at a location LI at the vehicle rear end 4b where the fumes Gf tend to accumulate and an outlet 48 connected with the blower 40. Further, the second line portion 44 has an inlet 50 connected with the blower 40 and an outlet 52 connected with the first inlet 18 of the gas discharge device 10. The fume removal system 2 may alternatively include one or more other line portions (none shown) each having an inlet disposed at another location within the vehicle 1, such as location La within the hopper 7, and an outlet connected with the first line portion 42 or directly with the blower 40. With either structure, the,blower 40 causes the gas fumes Gf and quantities of surrounding air A to be drawn into the inlet 50, thereby evacuating the fumes Gf from the location LI (and possibly L2), and pressurizes the fume/air mixture forming the first gas G]t As such, the first gas flow FI passes through the evacuation system outlet 52 and into the discharge device first inlet 18 at a pressure substantially above ambient air pressure and generally at the first temperature TI, which is preferably lesser than the temperature of the fumes Gf "flowing off" of the relatively hot paving material M. Further, the engine flow line 3 a preferably includes a tubular member or pipe 54 having an inlet 56 connected with the engine 3 and an outlet 58 connected with the second inlet 20 of the discharge device 10. The engine 3 "injects" a relatively high pressure flow of exhaust gases Ga into the discharge device 10, the second gas 62 having pressure pulsation at a substantial, relatively high first magnitude. As is well known, the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valves (not shown) of an engine 3 cause exhaust gases Ga to propagate through the pipe 54 in a pulsating, wave-like gas flow Fa of alternating higher pressure flow portions and lower pressure flow portions (not depicted), the magnitude or amplitude of the pressure pulsation being the average pressure difference between these higher and lower pressure flow portions. The magnitude/amplitude of the pressure pulsation of the gas flow FI determines the loudness of the sound generated when the gas Ga flows into ambient air A; more specifically, the greater the magnitude/amplitude of pressure pulsation, the greater the sound generated thereby, and vice-versa. Thus, the discharge device 10 functions to reduce the magnitude of pressure pulsation of the second gas Ga prior to discharge (i.e., as part of the combined gas GC) to ambient air A, so as to reduce the sound level that would otherwise be generated thereby. Although the gas discharge device 10 is preferably used to combine and discharge a first gas GI consisting of paving material fumes and air and a second gas 62 consisting of exhaust gases, the discharge device 10 may be used to discharge any other types of gases and/or additional gas flows from the vehicle 1. Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, the discharge device body 12 is preferably connectable with an upper wall 6a of the tractor frame 6 such that the two inlets 18 and 20 are disposed within the interior 6b of the frame 6 and the outlet 22 is spaced vertically above, preferably by a substantial distance (not indicated), the upper wall 6a. Preferably, the discharge device 10 further includes a generally rectangular mounting plate 60 disposed about the first tubular portion 14 of the body 12 and having a central opening 62 through which extends the first, outer tubular portion or member 14. The mounting plate 60 is attached to the upper, horizontal frame wall 6a by appropriate means, such as by threaded fasteners, rivets or weldment material, to connect the discharge body 12 with the vehicle 1. Although the body 12 is preferably connected with the upper horizontal wall 6a by the mounting plate 60, the body 12 may be connected with the frame 6 by any other appropriate !»ans, such as by a circular flange or by merely being disposed through a frame opening so as to be retained by a friction or interference fit, and/or may be mounted to any other appropriate location on the vehicle 1, such as for example, extending from a side or rear vertical frame wall (neither shown). Still referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the discharge body 12 preferably has a central, generally vertical axis 13, the outlet being spaced apart from each of the two inlets 18 and 20, preferably by a substantial distance (not indicated), along the vertical axis 13. Furthermore, a generally horizontal bend or hinge axis 15 extends generally perpendicularly with respect to the vertical axis 13 and is located between the outlet 22 and the two inlets 18 and 20. The body 12 is configured to bend about the hinge axis 15 such that the outlet 22 is movable in directions generally toward and away from the upper wall 6a, and thus the two inlets 18 and 20, which enables the overall height of the discharge device 10 to be reduced when the paving vehicle 1 is transported between job sites. Preferably, the body 12 is formed of a first or lower body portion 12a connected with the vehicle 1, a second or upper body portion 12b and a hinge 64 disposed between and pivotally or "hingedly" connecting the upper and lower body portions 12a, 12b, respectively. Alternatively, the body 12 may be formed of a plurality of overlapping sections or segments or fabricated of a flexible material, so that the body 12 is bendable about the horizontal axis 15, as discussed above. However, although it is preferred to construct the body 12 to be pivotable (or bendable) about the hinge axis 15, for reasons above, the body 12 may be appropriately formed so as to be generally rigid or unbendable, if desired. Referring particularly to Fig. 4, the elongated body 12 most preferably includes each one of the first, outer tubular member 14 and the second, inner tubular member 16 (as discussed above) being formed of lower and upper tube halves 66, 68 and 70,72, respectively. More specifically, the outer tubular portion or member 14 is preferably generally circular, i.e., has generally circular cross-sections in planes extending perpendicular to the central axis 13 (see Fig. 6), and includes the lower tube half 66 and the upper tube half 68. The lower tube half 66 is attached to the tractor frame upper wall 6a by the mounting plate 60 and has a curved lower portion 67 terminating in an outer open tube end 66a, which provides the first inlet 18, and an assembly opening 69 through which extends the second member 16, as described below. The lower tube half 66 further has an inner open end 66b about which is disposed a first member 65A (Fig. 2) of the hinge 64, as discussed in further detail below. Further, the upper tube half 68 has an inner open tube end 68b disposed proximal to the lower tube half inner end 66b and about which is disposed a second hinge member 65B (Fig. 2), as discussed below. The upper tube half 68 also has an upper curved portion 71 which terminates in an outer open tube end 68a, which provides the device outlet 22, and is configured to direct the combined gas flow FC forwardly with respect to the tractor 4, and therefore away from the screed 5 and the operator station (not indicated) where the human paver operators are located during a paving operation. Still referring to Fig. 4, the inner tubular portion or member 16 is preferably generally circular, i.e., has generally circular cross-sections in planes extending perpendicular to the central axis 13 (see Fig. 6), and includes the lower tube half 70 and the upper tube half 72. The lower tube half 70 extends through the assembly opening 69 of the first tubular member 16 such that the two lower tube portions 66, 70 are generally coaxially disposed about the central axis 13 of the body 12. Further, the lower tube half 70 has a curved lower portion 73 terminating in an outer open tube end 70a, which provides the second inlet 20, and an inner open tube end 70b disposed within the inner tube end 66b of the first member lower tube half 66. Furthermore, the upper tube half 72 has a inner open tube end 72b disposed within the inner tube end 68b of the first member upper tube half 68 and proximal to the lower tube half inner end 70b. Also, the upper tube half 72 has an outer closed tube end 72a, specifically enclosed by a radially-extending circular end plate or cap 76 disposed within the tube end 72b, which is configured to redirect or "deflect" a portion of the second gas flow F2 in a downward direction back along the central axis 13, as discussed in further detail below. Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the second or inner tubular member 16 is sized having an Dutside diameter DO that is substantially lesser than an inside diameter DI of the first, outer :ubular member 14. Thus, the mixing chamber 24 is provided by an annular portion of the nterior space 23 extending axially along the upper portion of the second member 16 where he injection ports 36 are located. Furthermore, the axial length (not indicated) of the inner ubular member 16 is lesser than the axial length of the outer tubular member 14, such that he upper end 72a of the inner tubular member 16 is located at or below the lower end 71a of he upper curved portion 71 of the outer tubular member 14. Still referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the injection ports 36 of the second tubular member 16 re preferably spaced apart from each other port 36 both axially along and radially about the econd member central axis 16a, and thus also the collinear body central axis 13. Most referably, the plurality of injection ports 36 are arranged along a pair of spiral lines (not idicated) that extend in a double helix pattern about and along the axis 13. Such •pangemem or ine injection ports 36 is intended to promote turbulence within the mixing chamber 24 since the port arrangement results in separate portions fp of the second gas flow F2 being injected into the first gas flow FI at various spaced apart locations, for reasons discussed in detail below. However, the injection ports 36 may be arranged in the second tubular member 16 in any appropriate manner, such as for example in a plurality of axial lines and/or circumferential rows, since any separation or dissection of the second gas flow Fa into separate flow portions fp will generate at least some gas turbulence within the mixing chamber 24 for reducing pressure pulsation within the combined gas flow FC, as discussed in further detail below. Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, the first and second hinge members 65A, 65B, respectively, of the hinge 64 are each preferably formed as a generally rectangular plate 77 having a central opening 79. Preferably, the lower plate 77 has a pair of spaced apart cylindrical bearing portions 81 along one edge 77a and the upper plate has a single, centrally located bearing portion 81 along a proximal edge 77a and disposed between the two bearings of the lower plate. The hinge 64 preferably further includes a pin 83 extending the three bearing portions 81 so as to pivotally connect the upper and lower hinge plates 77, and thereby the upper and lower body halves 12a, 12b of the discharge body 12. Further, a spring 85 is preferably disposed about the pin 83 and/or bearings 81 so as to bias the two body halves toward a first, operational position (as depicted in the drawing figures). The hinge 64 is configured to enable the body to be foldable or pivotable about the hinge axis 15 so that the upper body half 12b is rotatably displaceable to a travel position, at which the upper body half 12b extends along the lower body half 12a and the outlet 22 is disposed proximal to the frame upper wall 6a. Although the above hinge structure is presently preferred, the hinge 64 may be constructed in any appropriate manner, or the body 12 may be formed without any hinge, as discussed above, as the scope of the present invention is in no manner limited by the hinge 64. Referring to Fig. 3, the discharge body 12 preferably further includes three spacers or centralizers 75 (only two shown) each disposed about the second tubular member 16 and extending between the second member outer surface 34 and the first member inner surface 26. The three centralizers 75 are configured to position the second member 16 coaxially within the first tubular member 14 and centered about the body central axis 13. Further, the centralizers 75 are constructed such that the first gas flow FI are and/or the combined gas flow FC is able to flow through the centralizers 75 without any significant flow interference w impedance. .Examples of such centralizer structures include a plate with a plurality of openings or a pair of inner and outer rings with a plurality of spokes extending therebetween (neither structure shown). Preferably, a first centralizer 75 is disposed about the lower tube half 70 proximal to the inner tube end 70b, such that the lower tube half 70 is coaxially positioned by both the first centralizer 75 and the assembly opening 69. Further, a second centralizer (not shown) is disposed proximal to the inner tube end 72b of the upper tube half 72 (i.e. within the upper hinge member 65B) and a third centralizer 75 is disposed proximal to the outer tube end 72a, the upper tube half 72 thereby being coaxially positioned by these two centralizers 75. Although the elongated discharge body 12 is preferably formed as described above, the body 12 may be formed in any other appropriate manner that enables the two gases GI and G2, or gas flows FI and Fa, to combine and reduce pressure pulsation of one of the gases/gas flows (i.e., of second gas Ga) as discussed above and in further detail below. For example, the two tubular portions/members 14 and 16 may be formed with ovular, rectangular or complex-shaped cross-sections, may be arranged such that the inner member 16 is disposed toward one side of the axis 13 rather than coaxial with the outer tubular member 14, and/or may be constructed as one-piece members (i.e., as opposed to upper and lower portions)(none shown). Further for example, the body 12 may be formed of a solid member, such as a cylindrical bar, having at least two flow passages each with an inlet connectable with one of two separate gas sources Si, 82, an internal mixing chamber, an outlet from the chamber and passages connecting the flow passages with the chamber so as mix the gases in a manner to reduce the pressure pulsation level in at least one of the gases (not shown). As yet another example, the body 12 may include one or more other inlets fluidly connected with the outer tubular member 14 and/or one or more other inner tubular members disposed within the outer tubular member 14 and formed generally similar to the inner tubular member 16, with each additional inlet of the outer tube 14 or the inlet of each additional inner tubular member being fluidly connectable with another source of gas/gas flow (not shown). As such, the discharge device 10 may alternatively combine and discharge three or more separate gases or gas flows, while functioning to reduce the pressure pulsation magnitude of at least one of these gases. The scope of the present invention encompasses these and all other appropriate structures of the discharge body 12 that enables the discharge device 10 to function generally as described herein. Referring to Figs. 4-6, in use, the gas discharge device 10 of the present invention basically functions in the following manner. With the preferred structure and application as described above, the material fumes/air GI forming the first gas flow FI enter the first inlet 18 and flow axially upwardly through the lower portion of the interior space 23 between the first member inner surface 26 and the second member outer surface 34, then enters the interior space upper portion providing the mixing chamber 24. At the same time, the engine exhaust gas G2 forming the second gas flow F2 enters the inner tubular member 16 through the second inlet 20, flows axially upwardly along the central axis 13 and enters the interior transition chamber 32. The second gas flow F2 enters the interior chamber 32 at a generally higher pressure than the first gas flow FI flowing through the mixing chamber 24, such that the second gas G2/gas flow F2 is subsequently "injected" into the first gas Gi/gas flow FI within the mixing chamber 24. More specifically, a plurality of separate flow portions fp of the second gas flow Fa each pass forcefully through a separate one of the injection ports 36 and combine with the first gas flow FI at a plurality of different locations within the mixing chamber 24. Further, the second gas flow portions fp are directed by the injection ports 36 to flow generally radially outwardly (i.e., away from the axis 13) into the mixing chamber 24 such that the second gas flow Fa "collides" with the axially upwardly flowing first gas flow FI in the manner of a cross-flow. The effects of injecting a plurality of separate second gas flow portions fp into the first gas GI at a plurality of axially and circumferentially spaced apart locations and of colliding the two gas flows FI, Fa in a cross-flow cause the combined gas flow FC to have a relatively high level of turbulence. Such turbulence promotes destructive interference between the pressure pulsations of various portions of the combined gas flow FC, i.e., portions of the combined gas GC at various locations within the mixing chamber 24, which thereby results in the combined gas Gc/gas flow Fc having a net level or magnitude of pressure pulsation that is lesser or reduced in comparison with the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas G2/gas flow Fa when it enters the inner tubular member 16. In addition, the magnitude of pressure pulsation within the second gas flow Fa is reduced from the pulsation magnitude at the second inlet 20, prior to combining with the first gas flow FI, by the following effect caused by the flow pattern of the second gas flow F2. As the second gas flow F2 travels axially upwardly through the transition chamber 32, certain portions fd of the second gas flow F2 initially flow by (i.e., without entering) all of the ports 36, and then contact and deflect back off of the end cap 76. These deflected flow portions fd asequently flow axially downwardly to collide "head on" with the main portion of the second gas flow Fj flowing axially upwardly, thereby generating destructive interfering turbulence within the second gas flow Fa itself. Furthermore, the structure of the discharge body 12, specifically having the ported inner tubular member 16 disposed within the outer tubular member 14, also provides reduction or attenuation of the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas 62 due to the mixing chamber 24 also functioning as a reactive expansion or resonator chamber, in a manner generally known in the art of muffler or silencer devices. After the two gases GI and Ga are combined in the mixing chamber 24, the combined gas Gc/gas flow FC exits the discharge device 10 through the outlet 22 so as to be discharged into ambient A. Due to the effects described above, the combined gas GC has a pressure pulsation magnitude that is substantially lesser than the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas Ga entering the device 10, such that the discharge device 10 provides the benefit of generating a lesser sound level compared to the sound level resulting were the exhaust gases Ga discharged from the pipe 54 directly to ambient air A. In addition, by combining the relatively "hot" exhaust gas Ga with the "cooler" fume/air gas GI, the combined gas GC has a significantly lesser temperature T3 than the exhaust gas temperature Ta at the second inlet 20. As such, the discharge device 10 also provides the benefit of reducing thermal energy output or "thermal pollution" compared to directly discharging the exhaust gases Ga from the exhaust pipe 54 or even through known muffler/silencer devices (none shown). Further, the gas discharge device 10 of the present invention enables two different gases GI and Ga to be discharged from the paving vehicle 1 from a single "stack" as opposed to multiple stacks as would otherwise be required, thereby reducing the number of vehicle components. Furthermore, by having a foldable body 12, the single discharge device 10 may be readily and conveniently arranged in a travel (i.e., folded) position during transportation of the vehicle 1 between different job sites. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the smbodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments iisclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present nvention as defined by the appended claims. We claim: 1. A gas discharge device (1) for discharging first and second gases (G1, G2) from a paving vehicle to ambient air, the first gas (G1) flowing from a first gas source (S1and the second gas (G2) flowing from a second gas source (S2), the second gas (G2) having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude, the paving vehicle having a fume removal system (2) configured to evacuate paving material fumes from a location one of within the vehicle and proximal to the vehicle and an engine (3) having an exhaust flow line (3a), the discharge device comprising: an elongated body (12) connectable with the vehicle (1) and having a first inlet (18) fluidly connectable with the first gas source (Si), a second inlet (20) fluidly connectable with the second gas source (S2), an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber (24), the first and second inlets (18, 20) each being fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber (24) such that the first and second gases (G1, G2) flow into the mixing chamber (24) when the first inlet (18) is connected with the first gas source (S1 and the second inlet (20) is connected with the second gas source (S2), the body (12) being configured to combine the first and second gases (G1, G2) within the mixing chamber (24) so as to form a combined gas (Gc) having pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being lesser than the first pulsation magnitude, and to discharge the combined gas (Gc) through the outlet (22) to ambient air; characterized in that the first inlet (18) is connected with an outlet (52) of the exhaust fume removal system (2), the first gas (G1) comprises paving material fumes (Gf) and the second inlet (20) is connected with an outlet (58) of the engine (3), second gas (G2) comprises exhaust gases and the gas discharge device (10) discharges paving material fumes and exhaust gases from the paving vehicle (1) at the single outlet (22). 2. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gas (G1) flows from the first gas source (Si) at a pressure greater than ambient air pressure. 3. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second pulsation magnitude is zero such that the combined gas (Gc) has a constant pressure. 4. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gas (G1) is at a first temperature (Ti), the second gas (G2) is at a second temperature (T2), the second temperature (T2) being greater than the first temperature (Ti), and the combined gas (Gc) is at a third temperature (T3), the third temperature (T3) being lesser than the second temperature (T2). 5. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body (12) has: a first tubular portion (14) having the first inlet (18) and the outlet (22); and a second tubular portion (16) disposed at least partially within the first tubular portion (14) such that the mixing chamber (24) is defined between the two tubular portions (14, 16), the second portion (16) having the second inlet (20), an interior chamber (32) and a plurality of ports (36) extending between the interior chamber (32) and the mixing chamber (24). 6. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the first tubular portion (14) has an inner surface (26) bounding an interior space (23); and the second tubular portion (16) has an outer surface (34), the outer surface (34) being spaced from and facing toward the inner surface (26) of the first portion (14) such that a portion of the interior space (23) between the first portion inner surface (26) and the second portion outer surface (34) provides the mixing chamber (24), and an inner surface (30) bounding the interior chamber (32), each port (36) extending between the inner and outer surfaces (30, 34) of the second tubular portion (16). 7. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second tubular portion (16) has a longitudinal central axis (16a) and the ports (36) are spaced part axially and radially with respect to the central axis (16a). 8. The discharge device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second tubular portion (16) has a first end (70a), the first end (70a) having an opening providing the second portion inlet (20), and an opposing, enclosed second end (72a), the ports (36) being disposed between the first and second ends (70a, 72a). 9. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first and second tubular portions (14, 16) each has a longitudinal central axis (14a, 16a), the two axes (14a, 16a) being collinear, and circular cross sections within planes extending perpendicularly with respect to the collinear axes (14a, 16a) such that the mixing chamber (24) is annular. 10. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein; the first tubular portion (14) has a lower section (66) providing the first inlet (18) and an upper section (68) pivotally connected with the lower section (66) and providing the outlet (22); and the second tubular portion (16) has a lower section (70) disposed at least partially within the first tubular portion lower section (66), the second tubular portion lower section (70) providing the second inlet (20), and an upper section (72) pivotally connected with the second tubular portion lower section (70) and disposed within the first tubular member upper section (68). 11. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body (12) has a lower portion (12a) connectable with the vehicle (1) and having the two inlets (18, 20) , an upper portion (12b) having the outlet (22) and a hinge (64) disposed between and pivotally connecting the upper and lower body portions (12a, 12b). 12. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body (12) has a central, vertical axis (13), the outlet (22) being spaced vertically apart from each one of the two inlets (18, 20) along the vertical axis 13), and a horizontal axis (15) extending perpendicularly with respect to the vertical axis (13) and disposed between the outlet (22) and the two inlets (18, 20), the body (12) being configured to bend about the axis (150 such that the outlet (22) is alternatively movable in vertical directions toward and away from the two inlets (18, 20). 13. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body (12) includes: a first tubular member (14) having an inner surface (26) bounding an interior space (23), the first tubular member (14) having the first inlet (18); and a second tubular member (16) disposed at least partially within the first member interior space (23) and having the second inlet (20), the second member (16) having an inner surface (30) bounding an interior chamber (32), an outer surface (34) spaced from and facing toward the inner surface (26) of the first member (14) such that the first member inner surface (26) and the second member outer surface (34) define a the mixing chamber (24), and a plurality of ports (36), each port (36) extending between the second member inner and outer surfaces (30, 34) so as to fluidly connect the interior chamber (32) and the mixing chamber (24) 14. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first gas (G1) flows from the first gas source (Si) at a pressure greater than ambient air pressure. 15. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second tubular member (16) has a circular body having an open end (70a), the open end (70a) providing the second inlet (18), and an opposing enclosed end (72a), the plurality of ports (36) being disposed between the two ends (70a, 72a). 17. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second tubular member (16) has a circular body having a central longitudinal axis (16a), the ports (36) extending through the body and being arranged in a helical pattern with respect to the axis (16a). 18. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the said first tubular member (14) extends through the body (6) such that the outlet (22) is spaced vertically above the body upper surface (6a) of a body (6) of said device (1)-

Full Text

TITLE OF THE INVENTION 3as Discharge Device for a Construction Vehicle
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to construction vehicles, and more particularly to devices for discharging gases from construction vehicles.
Construction vehicles, such as paving vehicles, are generally known and typically include an internal combustion engine for powering a drive system. Generally, an exhaust system is provided which includes one or more flow lines, typically pipes, and an exhaust stack located at an appropriate location on the vehicle body such that the exhaust gas flows from the engine through the pipes and out the exhaust stack. Certain exhaust systems include a muffler device disposed within the flow lines to decrease the magnitude or level of pressure pulsation level in the exhaust gas flow so as to reduce the level of sound (i.e., noise) generated by the gas discharged from the exhaust stack.
In addition, certain paving vehicles include a system for removing fumes from the vehicle. A fume removal or "evacuation" system typically includes one or more flow lines (e.g., hoses or pipes) extending from an area(s) within or near the vehicle at which fumes from paving material tend to accumulate to a discharge pipe at an appropriate location on the vehicle. One location where fumes accumulate is the space beneath the vehicle frame where a transfer conveyor deposits material forwardly of a spreading auger. If the fumes were allowed to accumulate within this particular area, a person(s) operating the vehicle screed may be discomforted by breathing such fumes. As such, the evacuation system removes the fumes from such areas within or near the vehicle and discharges the fumes from another location where contact with the vehicle operator(s) is avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, the present invention is a gas discharge device for discharging first and second gases from a paving vehicle to ambient air. The first gas flows from a first gas source and the second gas flows from a second gas source, the second gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet fluidly connectable with the first gas source, a second inlet fluidly connectable with the second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber. The first and second inlets are each fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber such that the first and second gases flow into the

chamber when the first inlet is connected with the first gas source and the second inlet is connected with the second gas source. The body is configured to combine the first and second gases within the mixing chamber so as to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a second magnitude substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude and to discharge the combined gas through the outlet to ambient air.
In another aspect, the present invention is also a gas discharge device for discharging first and second gases from within a vehicle to ambient air, the second gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises a first tubular member having an inner surface bounding an interior space, an inlet fluidly connectable with a source of the first gas and an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air. A second tubular member is disposed at least partially within the first member interior space and has an inner surface bounding an interior chamber, an inlet extending into the chamber and fluidly connectable with a source of the second gas. The second member also includes an outer surface spaced from and facing generally toward the inner surface of the first member such that the first member inner surface and the second member outer surface define a mixing chamber, and a plurality of ports. Each port extends between the second member inner and outer surfaces so as to fluidly connect the interior chamber and the mixing chamber. As such, when the first gas flows through the first member inlet and the second gas flows through the second member inlet, the two gases combine within the mixing chamber and flow out of the first member outlet as a combined gas. The combined gas has pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude.
In a further aspect, the present invention is a gas discharge device for discharging paving material fumes and engine exhaust gases from a paving vehicle to ambient air. The vehicle has an engine and a fume removal system, the exhaust gases having a pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The discharge device comprises a first tubular member having an inner surface bounding an interior space, an inlet fluidly connectable with the fume removal system and an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air. A second tubular member is disposed at least partially within the first member, the second member having an inner surface bounding an interior chamber, an inlet extending into the interior chamber and fluidly connectable with the engine, an outer surface disposed concentrically within the outer surface of the first tubular member. As such, the first member inner surface and the second member outer surface define an annular mixing chamber. The second member further

includes a plurality of ports, each port extending between the inner and outer surfaces of the second member and establishing fluid communication between the second member interior chamber and the mixing chamber such that the exhaust gas flows into the mixing chamber and combines with the fumes to form a combined gas. The combined gas flows through the first member inlet to ambient air and has pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing summary, as well as the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings, which are diagrammatic, embodiments that are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a paver having the gas discharge device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the gas discharge device shown connected with both a material fume evacuation system and an engine exhaust line;
Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the gas discharge system shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged, partly broken-away side elevational view of the gas discharge device;
Fig. 5 is a greatly enlarged, broken-away view of the gas discharge device, depicting the flow and mixing of two gases within the device; and
Fig. 6 is a view through line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words "upper", "upwardly" and "lower", "downward", "downwardly" refer to opposing directions within a drawing to which reference is made. The words "inner" "inwardly" and "outer", "outwardly" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a designated inner surface or designated center of a discharge device or a component thereof, the particular meaning intended being readily apparent from the context of the description.

*f%f
jpe terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words or similar import.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numbers are used to indicate like elements throughout, there is shown in Figs. 1-6 a presently preferred embodiment of a gas discharge device 10 for discharging first and second gases GI, Ga or gas flows FI, Fa, respectively, from a vehicle 1 to ambient air A. The first gas GI flows from a first gas source Si and the second gas Ga flows from a second gas source 82 having pressure pulsation of (or at) a first, relatively substantial level or magnitude. The discharge device 10 basically comprises an elongated body 12 connectable with the vehicle 1 and including a first inlet 18 fluidly connectable with the first gas source Si, a second inlet 20 fluidly connectable with the second gas source Sa and an outlet 22 fluidly communicable with ambient air A (i.e., about the vehicle 1). The body 12 also has an interior mixing chamber 24, the respective first and second inlets 18, 20 each being fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber 24, such that the first and second gases GI, Ga, respectively, flow into the mixing chamber 24 when the first inlet 18 is connected with the first gas source Si and the second inlet 20 is connected with the second gas source Sa-
Further, the body 12 is configured to mix or combine the first and second gases GI, Ga, respectively, within the mixing chamber 24 so as to form a combined gas GI+ Ga or "Gc" having pressure pulsation of (or at) a second magnitude/level and to discharge the combined gas GC through the outlet 22 to ambient air A. The second pulsation magnitude, which may be about zero such that the combined gas GC has a generally constant pressure, is substantially lesser than the first pulsation magnitude. As such, the sound level generated by discharge of the combined gas GC to ambient A is substantially lesser than the sound level that would be generated if the second gas Ga was discharged directly from the second gas source Sa to ambient air A. It must be noted that the term "combined" as used herein to describe the combined gas GC is intended to mean a physical mixture of the two gases GI and Ga without any chemical reaction between the gases GI, Ga, including both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the body 12 is formed of or includes a first tubular portion or member 14 and a second tubular portion/member 16 disposed at least partially within the first member 12 such that the mixing chamber 24 is defined between the two tubular portions/members 14 and 16. Each of the two tubular members or portions 14 and 16 has a central longitudinal axis 14a, 16a, respectively, which are preferably generally collinear (see, e.g., Fig. 4). The first or

^ffuter" tubular member 14 preferably has an inner circumferential surface 26 bounding an interior space 23 and includes the first inlet 18 and the outlet 22. The second or "inner" tubular member 16 has an inner surface 30 bounding an interior "transition" chamber 32 and includes the second inlet 20, which extends into the transition chamber 32, and an outer circumferential surface 34. The second member outer circumferential surface 34 is spaced (i.e., radially-inwardly) from and faces generally toward the first member inner circumferential surface 26, such that first member inner surface 26 and the second member outer surface 34 bound an outer circumferential portion of the interior space 23, which provides the mixing chamber 24. Most preferably, the outer circumferential surface 34 of the second member 16 is disposed generally concentrically within the inner circumferential surface 26 of the first tubular member 14, such that the mixing chamber 24 is generally annular and extends completely circumferentially about the inner tubular member 16 (and thus about the transition chamber 32). Further, the second, inner tubular member 16 has a plurality of "injection" ports 36, each port 36 extending radially between the inner and outer surfaces 30, 34, respectively, of the second member 16. Each one of the ports 36 establishes fluid communication between the interior transition chamber 32 and the mixing chamber 24, such that the second gas flow Fa passes through the ports 36 and combines with the first gas flow FI within the mixing chamber 24.
Preferably, the vehicle 1 includes a fume removal system 2 configured to evacuate paving material fumes from location(s) within the vehicle 1 and/or proximal to the vehicle 1, the removal system 2 providing the first gas source Si and generating the first gas flow FI. Further, the vehicle 1 also includes an engine 3 having an exhaust flow line 3 a providing the second gas source S2 and generating the second gas flow F2. Thus, the first gas Gj and gas flow FI preferably includes paving material fumes mixed with air and the second gas Ga/gas flow F2 preferably includes or comprises exhaust gas(es) from the engine 3. As discussed in further detail below, the gas discharge device 10 provides such a vehicle 1 with the benefits of reducing the number of exhaust pipes or stacks on the vehicle 1 and of reducing the sound level that would otherwise be generated by the engine exhaust gas flow p2. Preferably, the first gas Gj flows through the first inlet 18 generally at a first temperature TI and the second gas Ga flows through the second inlet 20 generally at a second temperature T2 that is substantially greater than the first temperature Tj. As such, the combined gas Gc flows from the discharge device 10 to ambient air A generally at a third temperature T3 that is substantially lesser than the second gas flow temperature Ta, thereby reducing the thermal

prergy output that would occur if the second, exhaust gas 62 was discharged directly to ambient air A. Each of the above-discussed basic elements of the gas discharge device 10 is described in further detail below.
Referring particularly to Fig. 1, as discussed above, the gas discharge device 10 is preferably used with a construction vehicle 1 and most preferably with a paving vehicle 1. Alternatively, the discharge device 10 may be used with any other type of construction vehicle 10, such as compacting vehicles, loader vehicles, excavators or mobile drilling machines, or even other vehicles that may benefit from the device 10, for example agricultural tractors (none shown). The preferred paving vehicle 1 includes a tractor 4 and a screed 5 towed from the rear end 4b 6f the tractor 4. The tractor 4 includes a body or frame 6, a hopper 7 disposed at the tractor front end 4a and an auger 8 connected with the rear end 4b of the tractor 4. Further, a conveyor (not shown) transports paving material M from the hopper 7 to the rear end 4b of the tractor 4, where the material M falls from the conveyor and deposits onto the ground or base surface BS and is spread by the auger 8 so as to accumulate in a material head MH forwardly of the screed 5. With this arrangement, fumes Gf from the paving material M, particularly with asphalt but also potentially from materials such as superpave, concrete or quickrete, tend to accumulate within the frame 6 at the rear end 4b of the tractor 4. In addition, the material fumes Gf may also accumulate within the hopper 7.
Referring to Figs. 1-3, the fume removal or evacuation system 2 is configured to remove such material fumes Gf and preferably includes a gas pump 39, preferably a fan or blower 40, and first and second line portions 42,44, respectively, connected with the blower 40. The first line portion 42 has an inlet 46 disposed at a location LI at the vehicle rear end 4b where the fumes Gf tend to accumulate and an outlet 48 connected with the blower 40. Further, the second line portion 44 has an inlet 50 connected with the blower 40 and an outlet 52 connected with the first inlet 18 of the gas discharge device 10. The fume removal system 2 may alternatively include one or more other line portions (none shown) each having an inlet disposed at another location within the vehicle 1, such as location La within the hopper 7, and an outlet connected with the first line portion 42 or directly with the blower 40. With either structure, the,blower 40 causes the gas fumes Gf and quantities of surrounding air A to be drawn into the inlet 50, thereby evacuating the fumes Gf from the location LI (and possibly L2), and pressurizes the fume/air mixture forming the first gas G]t As such, the first gas flow FI passes through the evacuation system outlet 52 and into the discharge device first inlet 18 at a pressure substantially above ambient air pressure and generally at the first temperature

TI, which is preferably lesser than the temperature of the fumes Gf "flowing off" of the relatively hot paving material M.
Further, the engine flow line 3 a preferably includes a tubular member or pipe 54 having an inlet 56 connected with the engine 3 and an outlet 58 connected with the second inlet 20 of the discharge device 10. The engine 3 "injects" a relatively high pressure flow of exhaust gases Ga into the discharge device 10, the second gas 62 having pressure pulsation at a substantial, relatively high first magnitude. As is well known, the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valves (not shown) of an engine 3 cause exhaust gases Ga to propagate through the pipe 54 in a pulsating, wave-like gas flow Fa of alternating higher pressure flow portions and lower pressure flow portions (not depicted), the magnitude or amplitude of the pressure pulsation being the average pressure difference between these higher and lower pressure flow portions. The magnitude/amplitude of the pressure pulsation of the gas flow FI determines the loudness of the sound generated when the gas Ga flows into ambient air A; more specifically, the greater the magnitude/amplitude of pressure pulsation, the greater the sound generated thereby, and vice-versa. Thus, the discharge device 10 functions to reduce the magnitude of pressure pulsation of the second gas Ga prior to discharge (i.e., as part of the combined gas GC) to ambient air A, so as to reduce the sound level that would otherwise be generated thereby.
Although the gas discharge device 10 is preferably used to combine and discharge a first gas GI consisting of paving material fumes and air and a second gas 62 consisting of exhaust gases, the discharge device 10 may be used to discharge any other types of gases and/or additional gas flows from the vehicle 1.
Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, the discharge device body 12 is preferably connectable with an upper wall 6a of the tractor frame 6 such that the two inlets 18 and 20 are disposed within the interior 6b of the frame 6 and the outlet 22 is spaced vertically above, preferably by a substantial distance (not indicated), the upper wall 6a. Preferably, the discharge device 10 further includes a generally rectangular mounting plate 60 disposed about the first tubular portion 14 of the body 12 and having a central opening 62 through which extends the first, outer tubular portion or member 14. The mounting plate 60 is attached to the upper, horizontal frame wall 6a by appropriate means, such as by threaded fasteners, rivets or weldment material, to connect the discharge body 12 with the vehicle 1. Although the body 12 is preferably connected with the upper horizontal wall 6a by the mounting plate 60, the body 12 may be connected with the frame 6 by any other appropriate

!»ans, such as by a circular flange or by merely being disposed through a frame opening so as to be retained by a friction or interference fit, and/or may be mounted to any other appropriate location on the vehicle 1, such as for example, extending from a side or rear vertical frame wall (neither shown).
Still referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the discharge body 12 preferably has a central, generally vertical axis 13, the outlet being spaced apart from each of the two inlets 18 and 20, preferably by a substantial distance (not indicated), along the vertical axis 13. Furthermore, a generally horizontal bend or hinge axis 15 extends generally perpendicularly with respect to the vertical axis 13 and is located between the outlet 22 and the two inlets 18 and 20. The body 12 is configured to bend about the hinge axis 15 such that the outlet 22 is movable in directions generally toward and away from the upper wall 6a, and thus the two inlets 18 and 20, which enables the overall height of the discharge device 10 to be reduced when the paving vehicle 1 is transported between job sites. Preferably, the body 12 is formed of a first or lower body portion 12a connected with the vehicle 1, a second or upper body portion 12b and a hinge 64 disposed between and pivotally or "hingedly" connecting the upper and lower body portions 12a, 12b, respectively. Alternatively, the body 12 may be formed of a plurality of overlapping sections or segments or fabricated of a flexible material, so that the body 12 is bendable about the horizontal axis 15, as discussed above. However, although it is preferred to construct the body 12 to be pivotable (or bendable) about the hinge axis 15, for reasons above, the body 12 may be appropriately formed so as to be generally rigid or unbendable, if desired.
Referring particularly to Fig. 4, the elongated body 12 most preferably includes each one of the first, outer tubular member 14 and the second, inner tubular member 16 (as discussed above) being formed of lower and upper tube halves 66, 68 and 70,72, respectively. More specifically, the outer tubular portion or member 14 is preferably generally circular, i.e., has generally circular cross-sections in planes extending perpendicular to the central axis 13 (see Fig. 6), and includes the lower tube half 66 and the upper tube half 68. The lower tube half 66 is attached to the tractor frame upper wall 6a by the mounting plate 60 and has a curved lower portion 67 terminating in an outer open tube end 66a, which provides the first inlet 18, and an assembly opening 69 through which extends the second member 16, as described below. The lower tube half 66 further has an inner open end 66b about which is disposed a first member 65A (Fig. 2) of the hinge 64, as discussed in further detail below. Further, the upper tube half 68 has an inner open tube end 68b disposed

proximal to the lower tube half inner end 66b and about which is disposed a second hinge member 65B (Fig. 2), as discussed below. The upper tube half 68 also has an upper curved portion 71 which terminates in an outer open tube end 68a, which provides the device outlet 22, and is configured to direct the combined gas flow FC forwardly with respect to the tractor 4, and therefore away from the screed 5 and the operator station (not indicated) where the human paver operators are located during a paving operation.
Still referring to Fig. 4, the inner tubular portion or member 16 is preferably generally circular, i.e., has generally circular cross-sections in planes extending perpendicular to the central axis 13 (see Fig. 6), and includes the lower tube half 70 and the upper tube half 72. The lower tube half 70 extends through the assembly opening 69 of the first tubular member 16 such that the two lower tube portions 66, 70 are generally coaxially disposed about the central axis 13 of the body 12. Further, the lower tube half 70 has a curved lower portion 73 terminating in an outer open tube end 70a, which provides the second inlet 20, and an inner open tube end 70b disposed within the inner tube end 66b of the first member lower tube half 66. Furthermore, the upper tube half 72 has a inner open tube end 72b disposed within the inner tube end 68b of the first member upper tube half 68 and proximal to the lower tube half inner end 70b. Also, the upper tube half 72 has an outer closed tube end 72a, specifically enclosed by a radially-extending circular end plate or cap 76 disposed within the tube end 72b, which is configured to redirect or "deflect" a portion of the second gas flow F2 in a downward direction back along the central axis 13, as discussed in further detail below.
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the second or inner tubular member 16 is sized having an Dutside diameter DO that is substantially lesser than an inside diameter DI of the first, outer :ubular member 14. Thus, the mixing chamber 24 is provided by an annular portion of the nterior space 23 extending axially along the upper portion of the second member 16 where he injection ports 36 are located. Furthermore, the axial length (not indicated) of the inner ubular member 16 is lesser than the axial length of the outer tubular member 14, such that he upper end 72a of the inner tubular member 16 is located at or below the lower end 71a of he upper curved portion 71 of the outer tubular member 14.
Still referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the injection ports 36 of the second tubular member 16 re preferably spaced apart from each other port 36 both axially along and radially about the econd member central axis 16a, and thus also the collinear body central axis 13. Most referably, the plurality of injection ports 36 are arranged along a pair of spiral lines (not idicated) that extend in a double helix pattern about and along the axis 13. Such

•pangemem or ine injection ports 36 is intended to promote turbulence within the mixing chamber 24 since the port arrangement results in separate portions fp of the second gas flow F2 being injected into the first gas flow FI at various spaced apart locations, for reasons discussed in detail below. However, the injection ports 36 may be arranged in the second tubular member 16 in any appropriate manner, such as for example in a plurality of axial lines and/or circumferential rows, since any separation or dissection of the second gas flow Fa into separate flow portions fp will generate at least some gas turbulence within the mixing chamber 24 for reducing pressure pulsation within the combined gas flow FC, as discussed in further detail below.
Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, the first and second hinge members 65A, 65B, respectively, of the hinge 64 are each preferably formed as a generally rectangular plate 77 having a central opening 79. Preferably, the lower plate 77 has a pair of spaced apart cylindrical bearing portions 81 along one edge 77a and the upper plate has a single, centrally located bearing portion 81 along a proximal edge 77a and disposed between the two bearings of the lower plate. The hinge 64 preferably further includes a pin 83 extending the three bearing portions 81 so as to pivotally connect the upper and lower hinge plates 77, and thereby the upper and lower body halves 12a, 12b of the discharge body 12. Further, a spring 85 is preferably disposed about the pin 83 and/or bearings 81 so as to bias the two body halves toward a first, operational position (as depicted in the drawing figures). The hinge 64 is configured to enable the body to be foldable or pivotable about the hinge axis 15 so that the upper body half 12b is rotatably displaceable to a travel position, at which the upper body half 12b extends along the lower body half 12a and the outlet 22 is disposed proximal to the frame upper wall 6a. Although the above hinge structure is presently preferred, the hinge 64 may be constructed in any appropriate manner, or the body 12 may be formed without any hinge, as discussed above, as the scope of the present invention is in no manner limited by the hinge 64.
Referring to Fig. 3, the discharge body 12 preferably further includes three spacers or centralizers 75 (only two shown) each disposed about the second tubular member 16 and extending between the second member outer surface 34 and the first member inner surface 26. The three centralizers 75 are configured to position the second member 16 coaxially within the first tubular member 14 and centered about the body central axis 13. Further, the centralizers 75 are constructed such that the first gas flow FI are and/or the combined gas flow FC is able to flow through the centralizers 75 without any significant flow interference

w impedance. .Examples of such centralizer structures include a plate with a plurality of openings or a pair of inner and outer rings with a plurality of spokes extending therebetween (neither structure shown). Preferably, a first centralizer 75 is disposed about the lower tube half 70 proximal to the inner tube end 70b, such that the lower tube half 70 is coaxially positioned by both the first centralizer 75 and the assembly opening 69. Further, a second centralizer (not shown) is disposed proximal to the inner tube end 72b of the upper tube half 72 (i.e. within the upper hinge member 65B) and a third centralizer 75 is disposed proximal to the outer tube end 72a, the upper tube half 72 thereby being coaxially positioned by these two centralizers 75.
Although the elongated discharge body 12 is preferably formed as described above, the body 12 may be formed in any other appropriate manner that enables the two gases GI and G2, or gas flows FI and Fa, to combine and reduce pressure pulsation of one of the gases/gas flows (i.e., of second gas Ga) as discussed above and in further detail below. For example, the two tubular portions/members 14 and 16 may be formed with ovular, rectangular or complex-shaped cross-sections, may be arranged such that the inner member 16 is disposed toward one side of the axis 13 rather than coaxial with the outer tubular member 14, and/or may be constructed as one-piece members (i.e., as opposed to upper and lower portions)(none shown). Further for example, the body 12 may be formed of a solid member, such as a cylindrical bar, having at least two flow passages each with an inlet connectable with one of two separate gas sources Si, 82, an internal mixing chamber, an outlet from the chamber and passages connecting the flow passages with the chamber so as mix the gases in a manner to reduce the pressure pulsation level in at least one of the gases (not shown).
As yet another example, the body 12 may include one or more other inlets fluidly connected with the outer tubular member 14 and/or one or more other inner tubular members disposed within the outer tubular member 14 and formed generally similar to the inner tubular member 16, with each additional inlet of the outer tube 14 or the inlet of each additional inner tubular member being fluidly connectable with another source of gas/gas flow (not shown). As such, the discharge device 10 may alternatively combine and discharge three or more separate gases or gas flows, while functioning to reduce the pressure pulsation magnitude of at least one of these gases. The scope of the present invention encompasses these and all other appropriate structures of the discharge body 12 that enables the discharge device 10 to function generally as described herein.

Referring to Figs. 4-6, in use, the gas discharge device 10 of the present invention basically functions in the following manner. With the preferred structure and application as described above, the material fumes/air GI forming the first gas flow FI enter the first inlet 18 and flow axially upwardly through the lower portion of the interior space 23 between the first member inner surface 26 and the second member outer surface 34, then enters the interior space upper portion providing the mixing chamber 24. At the same time, the engine exhaust gas G2 forming the second gas flow F2 enters the inner tubular member 16 through the second inlet 20, flows axially upwardly along the central axis 13 and enters the interior transition chamber 32. The second gas flow F2 enters the interior chamber 32 at a generally higher pressure than the first gas flow FI flowing through the mixing chamber 24, such that the second gas G2/gas flow F2 is subsequently "injected" into the first gas Gi/gas flow FI within the mixing chamber 24.
More specifically, a plurality of separate flow portions fp of the second gas flow Fa each pass forcefully through a separate one of the injection ports 36 and combine with the first gas flow FI at a plurality of different locations within the mixing chamber 24. Further, the second gas flow portions fp are directed by the injection ports 36 to flow generally radially outwardly (i.e., away from the axis 13) into the mixing chamber 24 such that the second gas flow Fa "collides" with the axially upwardly flowing first gas flow FI in the manner of a cross-flow. The effects of injecting a plurality of separate second gas flow portions fp into the first gas GI at a plurality of axially and circumferentially spaced apart locations and of colliding the two gas flows FI, Fa in a cross-flow cause the combined gas flow FC to have a relatively high level of turbulence. Such turbulence promotes destructive interference between the pressure pulsations of various portions of the combined gas flow FC, i.e., portions of the combined gas GC at various locations within the mixing chamber 24, which thereby results in the combined gas Gc/gas flow Fc having a net level or magnitude of pressure pulsation that is lesser or reduced in comparison with the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas G2/gas flow Fa when it enters the inner tubular member 16.
In addition, the magnitude of pressure pulsation within the second gas flow Fa is reduced from the pulsation magnitude at the second inlet 20, prior to combining with the first gas flow FI, by the following effect caused by the flow pattern of the second gas flow F2. As the second gas flow F2 travels axially upwardly through the transition chamber 32, certain portions fd of the second gas flow F2 initially flow by (i.e., without entering) all of the ports 36, and then contact and deflect back off of the end cap 76. These deflected flow portions fd

asequently flow axially downwardly to collide "head on" with the main portion of the second gas flow Fj flowing axially upwardly, thereby generating destructive interfering turbulence within the second gas flow Fa itself. Furthermore, the structure of the discharge body 12, specifically having the ported inner tubular member 16 disposed within the outer tubular member 14, also provides reduction or attenuation of the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas 62 due to the mixing chamber 24 also functioning as a reactive expansion or resonator chamber, in a manner generally known in the art of muffler or silencer devices.
After the two gases GI and Ga are combined in the mixing chamber 24, the combined gas Gc/gas flow FC exits the discharge device 10 through the outlet 22 so as to be discharged into ambient A. Due to the effects described above, the combined gas GC has a pressure pulsation magnitude that is substantially lesser than the pressure pulsation magnitude of the second gas Ga entering the device 10, such that the discharge device 10 provides the benefit of generating a lesser sound level compared to the sound level resulting were the exhaust gases Ga discharged from the pipe 54 directly to ambient air A. In addition, by combining the relatively "hot" exhaust gas Ga with the "cooler" fume/air gas GI, the combined gas GC has a significantly lesser temperature T3 than the exhaust gas temperature Ta at the second inlet 20. As such, the discharge device 10 also provides the benefit of reducing thermal energy output or "thermal pollution" compared to directly discharging the exhaust gases Ga from the exhaust pipe 54 or even through known muffler/silencer devices (none shown). Further, the gas discharge device 10 of the present invention enables two different gases GI and Ga to be discharged from the paving vehicle 1 from a single "stack" as opposed to multiple stacks as would otherwise be required, thereby reducing the number of vehicle components. Furthermore, by having a foldable body 12, the single discharge device 10 may be readily and conveniently arranged in a travel (i.e., folded) position during transportation of the vehicle 1 between different job sites.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the smbodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments iisclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present nvention as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:
1. A gas discharge device (1) for discharging first and second gases (G1, G2) from a paving vehicle to ambient air, the first gas (G1) flowing from a first gas source (S1and the second gas (G2) flowing from a second gas source (S2), the second gas (G2) having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude, the paving vehicle having a fume removal system (2) configured to evacuate paving material fumes from a location one of within the vehicle and proximal to the vehicle and an engine (3) having an exhaust flow line (3a), the discharge device comprising:
an elongated body (12) connectable with the vehicle (1) and having a first inlet (18) fluidly connectable with the first gas source (Si), a second inlet (20) fluidly connectable with the second gas source (S2), an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber (24), the first and second inlets (18, 20) each being fluidly communicable with the mixing chamber (24) such that the first and second gases (G1, G2) flow into the mixing chamber (24) when the first inlet (18) is connected with the first gas source (S1 and the second inlet (20) is connected with the second gas source (S2), the body (12) being configured to combine the first and second gases (G1, G2) within the mixing chamber (24) so as to form a combined gas (Gc) having pressure pulsation of a second magnitude, the second pulsation magnitude being lesser than the first pulsation magnitude, and to discharge the combined gas (Gc) through the outlet (22) to ambient air;
characterized in that the first inlet (18) is connected with an outlet (52) of the exhaust fume removal system (2), the first gas (G1) comprises paving material fumes (Gf) and the second inlet (20) is connected with an outlet (58) of the engine (3), second gas (G2)

comprises exhaust gases and the gas discharge device (10) discharges paving material fumes and exhaust gases from the paving vehicle (1) at the single outlet (22).
2. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gas (G1)
flows from the first gas source (Si) at a pressure greater than ambient air
pressure.
3. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second pulsation
magnitude is zero such that the combined gas (Gc) has a constant pressure.
4. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gas (G1) is
at a first temperature (Ti), the second gas (G2) is at a second temperature (T2),
the second temperature (T2) being greater than the first temperature (Ti), and
the combined gas (Gc) is at a third temperature (T3), the third temperature (T3)
being lesser than the second temperature (T2).
5. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body (12) has:
a first tubular portion (14) having the first inlet (18) and the outlet (22); and
a second tubular portion (16) disposed at least partially within the first tubular portion (14) such that the mixing chamber (24) is defined between the two tubular portions (14, 16), the second portion (16) having the second inlet (20), an interior chamber (32) and a plurality of ports (36) extending between the interior chamber (32) and the mixing chamber (24).

6. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the first tubular portion (14) has an inner surface (26) bounding an interior space (23); and
the second tubular portion (16) has an outer surface (34), the outer surface (34) being spaced from and facing toward the inner surface (26) of the first portion (14) such that a portion of the interior space (23) between the first portion inner surface (26) and the second portion outer surface (34) provides the mixing chamber (24), and an inner surface (30) bounding the interior chamber (32), each port (36) extending between the inner and outer surfaces (30, 34) of the second tubular portion (16).
7. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second tubular portion (16) has a longitudinal central axis (16a) and the ports (36) are spaced part axially and radially with respect to the central axis (16a).
8. The discharge device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second tubular portion (16) has a first end (70a), the first end (70a) having an opening providing the second portion inlet (20), and an opposing, enclosed second end (72a), the ports (36) being disposed between the first and second ends (70a, 72a).
9. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first and second tubular portions (14, 16) each has a longitudinal central axis (14a, 16a), the two axes (14a, 16a) being collinear, and circular cross sections within planes extending perpendicularly with respect to the collinear axes (14a, 16a) such that the mixing

chamber (24) is annular.
10. The discharge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein;
the first tubular portion (14) has a lower section (66) providing the first inlet (18) and an upper section (68) pivotally connected with the lower section (66) and providing the outlet (22); and
the second tubular portion (16) has a lower section (70) disposed at least partially within the first tubular portion lower section (66), the second tubular portion lower section (70) providing the second inlet (20), and an upper section (72) pivotally connected with the second tubular portion lower section (70) and disposed within the first tubular member upper section (68).
11. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body (12) has a lower portion (12a) connectable with the vehicle (1) and having the two inlets (18, 20) , an upper portion (12b) having the outlet (22) and a hinge (64) disposed between and pivotally connecting the upper and lower body portions (12a, 12b).
12. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body

(12) has a central, vertical axis (13), the outlet (22) being spaced vertically apart from each one of the two inlets (18, 20) along the vertical axis 13), and a horizontal axis (15) extending perpendicularly with respect to the vertical axis
(13) and disposed between the outlet (22) and the two inlets (18, 20), the body (12) being configured to bend about the axis (150 such that the outlet (22) is alternatively movable in vertical directions

toward and away from the two inlets (18, 20).
13. The discharge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated body
(12) includes:
a first tubular member (14) having an inner surface (26) bounding an interior space (23), the first tubular member (14) having the first inlet (18); and
a second tubular member (16) disposed at least partially within the first member interior space (23) and having the second inlet (20), the second member (16) having an inner surface (30) bounding an interior chamber (32), an outer surface (34) spaced from and facing toward the inner surface (26) of the first member (14) such that the first member inner surface (26) and the second member outer surface (34) define a the mixing chamber (24), and a plurality of ports (36), each port (36) extending between the second member inner and outer surfaces (30, 34) so as to fluidly connect the interior chamber (32) and the mixing chamber (24)
14. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first gas (G1) flows from the first gas source (Si) at a pressure greater than ambient air pressure.
15. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second tubular member (16) has a circular body having an open end (70a), the open end (70a) providing the second inlet (18), and an opposing enclosed end (72a), the plurality of ports (36) being disposed between the two ends (70a, 72a).

17. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second tubular member (16) has a circular body having a central longitudinal axis (16a), the ports (36) extending through the body and being arranged in a helical pattern with respect to the axis (16a).
18. The discharge device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the said first tubular member (14) extends through the body (6) such that the outlet (22) is spaced vertically above the body upper surface (6a) of a body (6) of said device (1)-

Documents:

2366-DELNP-2005-Abstract-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-abstract.pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Assignment-(20-03-2008).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Claims-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Claims-(21-11-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-claims.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-complete specification (granted).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Correspondence-Others-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Correspondence-Others-(20-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-correspondence-others.pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Description (Complete)-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-description (complete).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Drawings-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-drawings.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-form-1.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-form-18.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-form-2.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-form-3.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-form-5.pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-GPA-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-gpa.pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Others-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-106.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-304.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-308.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-401.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-request form.pdf

2366-delnp-2005-pct-search report.pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Petition-137-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Petition-138-(14-03-2008).pdf

2366-DELNP-2005-Petition-138-(20-03-2008).pdf

Form-3-(14-03-2008).tif

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Patent Number

232984

Indian Patent Application Number

2366/DELNP/2005

PG Journal Number

13/2009

Publication Date

27-Mar-2009

Grant Date

24-Mar-2009

Date of Filing

03-Jun-2005

Name of Patentee

BLAW-KNOX CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CORPORATION

Applicant Address

750 BROADWAY AVENUE EAST, MATTOON, IL 61920, U.S.A.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	MARK D. KOELM	312 LINDEN LANE, MATTOON, IL 61938, U.S.A.
2	THOMAS A. ROTH	10914 PRESTIGE DRIVE, LERMA, IL 62440, U.S.A.

PCT International Classification Number

E01C 19/48

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US2003/036014

PCT International Filing date

2003-11-12

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	10/293,135	2002-11-13	U.S.A.