Title of Invention | A PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF CURCUMIN |
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Abstract | A new process for synthesis of (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)- 1,6- heptadiene-3,5-dione, comprising the steps of :(i)condensation of acetone with vanillin to form compound 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - but -3-ene-2-one; (ii)condensation of ethyl acetate with vanillin to form 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - 2-ene ethyl propanoate; (iii)condensation of resulting compounds of step (i) and (ii) to form the final product. |
Full Text | FIELD OF THE INVENTION: This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4- hydroxy-3 methoxy phenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione, which is generally known as curcumin. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION; Curcumin [(1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)- 1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione] is a yellow coloured phenolic pigment, obtained from rhizomes of plant, turmeric (curcuma longa Linn. Family - Zingiberaceae). This natural pigment is widely used as a coloring agent in foods and cosmetics and is reported to have various pharmaceutical uses Extensive scientific research on curcumin reveal that curcumin has anticancer, antitumor and potent antioxidant activities and negligible adverse effect on human systems. It was found to inhibit DNA polymerase, arachidonic acid metabolism, cyclooxygenease, lipoxygenease, cytokines (Interleukins and tumor necrosis factor), nuclear factor - kB and release of steroidal hormones. Curcumin was reported to stabilize lysosomal membrane and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation besides having strong oxygen radical scavenging activity, which was responsible for its antiinflammatory property. Normally , curcumin is obtained from the natural sources by way of solvent extraction and chromatographic methods, which are difficult and costly procedure. Content of curcumin in turmeric being very low (nearly about 2%), the above methods are not very useful from the commercial point of view, hence synthesis of this compound is a much- researched area. Some researchers have tried to synthesise curcumin by aldol condensation of vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and 2,4-pentanedione. However, the yields of product being very low , is not commercially viable. Another synthetic route using vanillin and the boron complex of 2,4-pentanedione dissolved in ethyl acetate in the presence of tri-n-butyl borate and a primary aliphatic amine is known. Further curcumin is reported to have been prepared by reaction of vanillin and the boron complex of 2,4-pentanedione dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Curcumin was synthesised by Lampe (Ber. 1918, 51,1347) by the treatment of carbomethoxy feruloyl chloride with ethyl acetoacetate and the product hydrolysed, when Carbomethoxyferuloylocetone result. Condensation of this substance with a further molecule of carbomethoxyferuloyl chloride and hydrolysis of this product gave dicarbomethoxy curcumin from which curcumin was obtained by saponification. A further synthesis was performed by Pavolini (Chem.Zentr. 1938, 1, 1584) who obtained curcumin by condensing vanillin with acetyl acetone in the presence of boric anhydride. However, in all of these procedures, the yields or process operability is poor. US patent 5679864 (Krackov, et al) describes a process for the synthesis of curcumin and curcumin-related compounds by reacting the enol form of a 2,4-diketone with a monocarbocyclic aldehyde in the presence of an organic amine catalyst. The reactants are dissolved in a highly polar, aprotic organic solvent. The curcumin-related product is recovered in crystalline form by precipitation from the reaction mass and solvent recrystallization. But this method involves several reaction steps and therefore the yield tends to be lower than expected. PCT publication WO2007/143635 describes a method of purification of curcumin using synthetic route. However, the starting material here is again less pure curcumin . OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: The primary objective of the invention is to provide a process for preparation of pure curcumin through a simple synthetic route. It is another objective of the invention is to produce curcumin through synthetic route with a high yield. It is another object of the invention is to provide a cost effective process for preparation of curcumin. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a process for preparation of curcumin, which can be used in large scale industrial production of pure curcumin. These and other objectives of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention in detail. STATEMENT OF INVENTION : Accordingly present invention provides a process for preparing (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4- hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione of molecular structure (I), (i) condensation of acetone with vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) of structural formula (II): comprising the steps of: to form a compound 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - but -3-ene-2-one of structural formula (III): (ii) condensation of ethyl acetate with vanillin (II) to form compound 3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy phenyl) - 2-ene ethyl propanoate, having structural formula (IV) : (iii) condensation of compound (III) with compound (IV) to form curcumin, and (iv) isolation and purification In the known process to obtain pure curcumin of structural formula(I). Each of the steps (i)-(iii) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is neucleophilic in nature. The catalyst is preferably piperidine. The reaction is carried out preferably at hot water bath temperature. In steps (i) and (ii) the reactants are condensed for around 30 minutes. In step (iii) the reactants are condensed for about 60 minutes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Curcumin (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione has the following molecular structure: According to the invention curcumin can be prepared by sequential chemical reaction scheme , in the presence of a catalyst, comprising the steps of : (I) condensation of acetone with vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) of structural formula (II): to form a compound 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - but -3-ene-2-one of structural formula (III): (ii)condensation of ethyl acetate with vanillin (II) to form compound (IV) 3-(4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy phenyl) - 2-ene ethyl propanoate, having structural formula : (iii) condensation of compound (III) with compound (IV) to form curcumin, and (iv) isolation and purification in the known process to obtain pure curcumin of structural formula(I). The following is the reaction scheme: A neucleophilic catalyst, preferably piperidine is used as a catalyst in all the above three steps of synthesis. In the first step vanillin is dissolved in acetone and refluxed in the presence of piperidine as catalyst for about 30 minutes in a hot water bath. In the second step vanillin is dissolved in ethyl acetate and refluxed in the presence of piperidine in a hot water bath for about 30 minutes. In the third step the resulting solution of the first and second step are mixed together and refluxed for about 60 minutes in the presence of piperidine as catalyst in a hot water bath. The transparent solution thus obtained is cooled and evaporated to produce a semisolid mass. This is further neutralized, filtered , washed and dried to obtain orange yellow crystalline pure curcumin. EXAMPLE: Synthesis of curcumin 5gms of vanillin is dissolved in 30ml of acetone and 3 drops of piperidine is added and the solution is refluxed in a hot water bath for about 30 minutes. 5 gms of vanillin is dissolved separately in 30ml of ethyl acetate and 3 drops of piperidine is added and the solution is refluxed in hot water bath for 30 minutes. The two resulting solutions are mixed and 3 drops of piperidine is added and the resulting mixture is refluxed for about 1 hour in a hot water bath. A reddish orange transparent solution is obtained. The solution is cooled and then evaporated. A reddish orange semisolid mass is, thereby, obtained. This product is dissolved in ethanol and poured in cold water. 2ml sodium hydroxide solution is added. A deep reddish orange solution is obtained in the process. The solution is filtered and the filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid and is stirred thoroughly and kept in refrigerator overnight. A yellow solid intermediate is obtained. The product is filtered and washed with water and dissolved in water by adding 1 ml sodium hydroxide solution. A deep reddish orange transparent solution is obtained. Said solution is neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid and cooled overnight. The orange yellow crystalline cucumin is filtered and washed with water and dried over calcium oxide in a desicator. Thin layer chromatography has been used to assess the purity of the compound synthesised in for different batches and the purity is found to be in the range of 98%- 99%. Alcoholic solution of the compound is reacted with neutral ferric chloride solution to form green colouration confirming the presence of phenolic and enolic hydroxyl group. The synthesised compound produced reddish orange colour in alkali and yellow precipitate in dilute hydrochloric acid, which is a known chemical property of curcumin. Yield : 70% with respect to vanillin. m.p. 120° - 123°C Elementary analysis calculated for C21H20O6 C - 68.47%, H - 5.47%, O - 26.6% Found: C - 68.54%, H - 5.39%. IR data IR (KBr) Cm -1: 3283.7 (s,br, phenolic OH), 3001.1 - 2368.3 (m, br, enolic OH), 1637.9 (s, C=O), 1581.9 (s, - CH = CH, vinylic), 1515.3 (s, C = C, aromatic). NMR data 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO - d6) ppm : 3.3011 (m, 1H, Phenolic OH), 3.80323 (s, 3H, - OCH3), 9.60301 (m, 1H, Enolic OH), 7.53074, 7.47665 (d, 1H, - CH = CH, vinylic, J = 16 Hz), 6.67930, 6.62523 (d, 1H, - CH = CH, vinylic, J = 16 Hz), (indicates that two vinylic hydrogen atoms are in trans position with respect to each other) 7.28076 (m, 1H, Ar - H), 7.12904, 7.10200 (d, 1H, Ar - H, J = 8 Hz), 6.80592, 6.77934 (d, 1H, Ar - H, J = 8 Hz). The mass spectrum pointed out the molecular ion peak at m/z = 367. The above invention is described with the help of preferred embodiment only and it will be readily appreciated by the persons skilled in the art that various modifications of the invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. I claim, 1. A process for preparing (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)- 1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione of molecular structure (I) , comprising the steps of (i) condensation of acetone with vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) of structural formula (II): to form a compound 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - but -3-ene-2-one of structural formula (III): (ii) condensation of ethyl acetate with vanillin (II) to form compound 3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy phenyl) - 2-ene ethyl propanoate, having structural formula (IV): (iii) condensation of compound (III) with compound (IV) to form curcumin, and (iv) isolation and purification in the known process to obtain pure curcumin of structural formula(I) 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the steps (i)-(iii) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst. 3. A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the catalyst is a neucleophilic catalyst. 4. A process as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the catalyst is piperidine. 5. A process as claimed in any of the preceding claim, wherein the reaction is carried out at hot water bath temperature. 6 A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in steps (i) and (ii) the reactants are condensed for around 30 minutes. 7. A process as claimed as clamed in claim 1, wherein in step (iii) the reactants are condensed for about 60 minutes. 8. Curcumin whenever produced by the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims. A new process for synthesis of (1E, 6E) - 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3methoxy phenyl)- 1,6- heptadiene-3,5-dione, comprising the steps of :(i)condensation of acetone with vanillin to form compound 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - but -3-ene-2-one; (ii)condensation of ethyl acetate with vanillin to form 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) - 2-ene ethyl propanoate; (iii)condensation of resulting compounds of step (i) and (ii) to form the final product. |
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1511-KOL-2008-(26-04-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-CANCELLED PAGES.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-CORRESPONDENCE-1.2.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-CORRESPONDENCE-1.3.pdf
1511-kol-2008-correspondence.pdf
1511-kol-2008-description (complete).pdf
1511-KOL-2008-EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-ABSTRACT.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-CLAIMS.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-FORM 1.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-FORM 2.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-FORM 5.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-GRANTED-SPECIFICATION-COMPLETE.pdf
1511-KOL-2008-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf
1511-kol-2008-specification.pdf
Patent Number | 260401 | ||||||||
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Indian Patent Application Number | 1511/KOL/2008 | ||||||||
PG Journal Number | 18/2014 | ||||||||
Publication Date | 02-May-2014 | ||||||||
Grant Date | 29-Apr-2014 | ||||||||
Date of Filing | 03-Sep-2008 | ||||||||
Name of Patentee | DUTTA AJOY | ||||||||
Applicant Address | PURBASHA HOUSING ESTATE, 160 MANICKTALA MAIN ROAD, D-16/3, KOLKATA | ||||||||
Inventors:
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PCT International Classification Number | A61K36/00 | ||||||||
PCT International Application Number | N/A | ||||||||
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PCT Conventions:
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